Insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor in the apartment. How to insulate the floor in an apartment on the first floor

Indicators comfortable temperature in residential premises are regulated by state regulations, measurements are carried out in various rooms at a height of 1.5 meters from the floor level. If the floor has high thermal conductivity, but the temperature in the area where people are present drops significantly, it is necessary to increase the consumption of thermal energy for heating. With current energy prices, the problem of saving coolants occupies an important place.

One more nuance. In developed countries (in Lately in our country) systems for heating rooms using underfloor heating have become widespread. They provide maximum comfort with minimal losses. In this regard, great attention must always be paid to floor insulation.

In this article we will look at two options for insulating floors in an apartment and in a private wooden house using the most effective materials.

Manufacturing companies offer consumers a wide range various insulation materials, this makes it possible to choose in each specific case best option depending on the technical parameters structure and its purpose. To make the right decision, you should familiarize yourself with brief characteristics the most common of them.

Type of insulation	Performance characteristics and recommended areas of use
	Quite new materials, penoizol is most often used. Advantages - they completely cover the space, eliminating the possibility of cold bridges. Disadvantages - special equipment is required for insulation; it is not recommended for use in children's rooms and bedrooms. Another disadvantage is that the technology excludes natural ventilation. wooden structures, which has Negative influence for longevity of use. In addition, the face boards must be thick during hardening. liquid insulation significantly increase in volume and can deform the flooring. The technology of floor insulation provides for stage-by-stage coating of boards and insulation; only through such an algorithm can one guarantee uniform distribution of insulation throughout the entire volume.
	Expanded clay is most often used, less often slag. There is only one advantage - no high price materials. Bulk materials are much inferior to other types of insulation in terms of performance indicators, to ensure effective insulation you need to increase their thickness. It is allowed to use expanded clay during the preparation of concrete or cement-sand mortars.
	Some of the most popular insulation materials, do not emit harmful chemical compounds. Can be pressed or rolled, with additional waterproofing coatings or without them. Disadvantages: high cost, negative reaction to high humidity. The installation technology must include reliable protection from the appearance of condensation, otherwise the thermal water indicators increase sharply.
	Materials universal application, modern views They resist open combustion well. Extruded polystyrene foam can withstand significant loads; it is used both separately and during combined insulation floors The thermal conductivity characteristics are almost the same as mineral wool, and the cost is cheaper.

Prices for Rockwool mineral wool

mineral wool rockwool

Types of load-bearing floors

Wooden beams. Professional builders It is recommended to use lightweight insulation for them; polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool (rolled or pressed) and glass wool are excellent. During insulation, special measures must be taken to ensure natural ventilation of wooden structures; its complete absence causes the appearance of rot and fungal diseases.
Concrete. They are distinguished by the highest load-bearing characteristics. On such floors you can use everything existing insulation, including concrete and cement-sand mixtures with expanded clay.

The stronger the floor, the more options not only insulation of floors, but also finishing floor coverings.

Types of floors

The flooring of the first floor can be done various materials, this factor also influences the choice of insulation.

They are heavy, it is recommended to install them on a cement-sand screed on a concrete base. Extruded polystyrene foam or solutions with the addition of expanded clay can be used as insulation. All other materials are not designed for high forces and are unsuitable for floor insulation.

Ceramic tile. Has less weight than fake diamond. Modern technologies make it possible to make such floors on OSB boards or plywood according to wooden beams or reinforced concrete floors. Due to the fact that the slabs are laid on special boards along the joists, it becomes possible to use them for insulation soft materials, including mineral wool.

Natural boards, different kinds laminate Quite lightweight structures; for insulating such floors there are no restrictions on the choice of insulation materials.

Linoleum or other soft coverings. The floors are laid on screeds; for insulation, durable insulation materials must be used. Extruded polystyrene foam or bulk insulation is recommended.

The technology for insulating floors on the first floor should include a set of special measures to protect insulation from harmful effects moisture. For example, consider step by step instructions insulation of the floors of the first floor in a private house and city apartment.

Insulation of floors in an apartment

Extruded polystyrene foam is used as insulation, and the floor is made of reinforced concrete slab. The material is not afraid of humidity and direct contact with water, all micropores are closed. Due to these features, the technology of its installation is somewhat simplified; various types of steam and moisture protection are not used.

Extruded polystyrene foam is considered the most common and universal insulation, it can be used for loaded floors or under wooden coverings with natural ventilation. The material can withstand loads of 150–200 Pa, which is quite enough for all types of residential premises.

Floor insulation

To complete the work you will need a tape measure, a marker, a hand saw for wood with fine teeth, a marker and a mounting knife.

Step 1. Decide on the amount of material. There is no need to make a large supply of expanded polystyrene; the technology almost eliminates unproductive waste. But there will always be a surplus; expanded polystyrene is sold in slabs of standard sizes.

Important. For high-quality insulation of the floor of the first floor, the thickness of the insulation must be at least 5 cm if the building is located in regions with harsh climatic conditions and without insulated basements, then the recommended insulation thickness increases to 10–15 cm.

Step 2. Prepare the surface. It should be leveled and all protruding parts should be removed. If the slab has large unevenness, then you need to make a cement-sand screed, minimum thickness at least one centimeter. It is necessary to ensure that the seams between the slabs are located in the same plane, otherwise cold bridges will form in these places, which will have a negative impact on the efficiency of insulation of the ground floor floor.

Step 3. Make a preliminary layout of the slabs. Most of them have an L-shaped edge around the perimeter; it covers cold bridges and increases the strength of the coating. Due to the edge, it is easier to control the quality of installation; the coating automatically levels itself horizontally, etc.

If you plan to use several rows thin slabs, then you need to space the seams, thereby minimizing heat losses. Make sure there are no gaps between the rows of slabs. Air moves in them, this movement carries heat out, and the effectiveness of insulation is noticeably reduced.

Step 4. The next row of slabs begins with half the width of the first row, in the standard case the parameter is 60 cm. Mark the size on the slab, draw a line perpendicular to the edge and cut the sheet using a hacksaw. If possible, it is recommended to purchase a special hacksaw for cutting polystyrene boards. Special sharpening makes it easy to cut the material, and special teeth eliminate the appearance of foam dust. Dust is carried through drafts throughout all rooms of the apartment; cleaning it will require a considerable amount of time.

Cutting should be done on a flat surface in a comfortable position. Be especially careful when finishing cutting; a thin piece of the slab may break off. The breaking line is uneven; measures will have to be taken to prevent the appearance of cracks.

Practical advice. Expanded polystyrene can be slightly deformed when the size of the slabs fluctuates; to ensure stability, it is recommended to install a damper tape approximately 5 mm thick around the perimeter of the room.

There is no need to fix the slabs to the base using brackets or dowels, which significantly reduces the time required to complete the work.

Step 5. Form a distribution layer on polystyrene foam boards; with its help, loads are evenly distributed, which eliminates the possibility of mechanical damage. It can be made from cement screed or using gypsum fiber boards, plywood, etc. Cement screed requires high costs time and effort, during work a lot of construction waste, it takes at least 2-3 days for the solution to harden.

Flooring GVL sheets

Professionals recommend using slabs to create a pressure layer; all work can be completed within one working day. But specific solution accept depending on your wishes and the material of the final flooring.

Step 1. Draw a line on the sheet taking into account the selected width. GVL sheets Quite soft, you can cut them with a mounting knife. First, cut the paper on one side, then turn the sheet over and cut on the other.

Step 2. Lay GVL on top of the insulation with the seams staggered, press the materials tightly against each other, and do not allow any cracks to appear. If heavy loads will be applied to the floor, it is recommended to make the prefabricated screed in two layers.

Important. If the thermal insulation layer is covered with cement-sand mortar, then the insulation should be covered with plastic film or the joints should be sealed with tape. This is necessary to ensure that cement laitance does not get into the joints and form cold bridges.

Step 3. Fasten the sheets of prefabricated screed with ordinary self-tapping screws. Place them in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of approximately 30 cm from each other. When working with plasterboard slabs, pay attention to the pulling force; the slabs have little strength, and the self-tapping screw turns easily.

This technology for insulating the first floor does not imply the use of various cement-based mixtures; it is called dry and can be used for various rooms.

Step-by-step instructions for insulating the floor on the first floor of a frame house

Insulation is done according to subfloor from scraps of boards. The beams are wooden, the distance between them is approximately 50–60 cm. Specific values are selected taking into account maximum loads and the thickness of the finished floor boards. Mineral wool is used for insulation.

Step 1. Place a vapor barrier on the joists and subfloor. Carefully study the markings on the material, lay it in the desired position, otherwise moisture will not be removed from the space under the floor. The rough side allows steam to pass through and should always be facing the mineral wool. The manufacturer's logo is applied to this side.

Important. It is strictly forbidden to use polyethylene film under mineral wool insulation. The point is that in winter period time, the dew point is located in the thickness of the mineral wool. If it has high humidity, then the steam condenses, the cotton gets wet and catastrophically loses its heat-protective properties. Vapor barrier allows moisture to gradually escape, which prevents condensation.

Some don't experienced builders In order to save materials, the vapor barrier is cut into small pieces for laying them between two joists. Professionals do not recommend doing this for several reasons. Firstly, the time required to complete the work increases significantly. It is necessary to measure the width of each section, cut off the vapor barrier and fix it with staples around the entire perimeter. Secondly, theoretically, the total savings do not exceed a few centimeters, which will not affect the cost of materials in any way. But in practice, due to errors during circumcision, the result is not savings, but an increase in consumption.

Step 2. Place thermal insulation between the joists. You can use both rolled and pressed types. During installation, do not leave any gaps. Always cut the wool with a margin; during installation, the edges should be pressed tightly against the wooden structures. If the insulation is in two layers, then be sure to cover the joints of the first with the second layer.

Step 3. Place on top of the insulation vapor barrier material Taking into account the above tips, secure it with a stapler. Be sure to install a vapor barrier on the walls, take all measures to protect the wool from moisture.

Step 4. Nail 2-3 cm thick counter-battens to the joists. They are needed to create ventilation gaps between the floor and the insulation layer, otherwise the boards will not dry out, which has a very negative effect on the service life of the structure.

Important. Do not forget about vapor barrier overlaps; the width of the overlap is at least 10 cm. It is recommended to glue the joints with tape.

The slats can be fixed with self-tapping screws or ordinary smooth nails. The length of the hardware should be at least 30% greater than the thickness of the slats. Drive the nails in at a slight angle, this will eliminate the possibility of them splitting.

There are recommendations to prevent steam from getting into the holes of the hardware by placing butyl rubber tape under the slats. This is an expensive material; to save money, the tape is cut into small pieces and glued only to the places where the nails are driven in. To avoid mistakes, marks are made on the front surface of the slats. If you wish, you can follow these recommendations. But experienced builders do not waste time on such events. The fact is that the lath is pressed tightly against the joists, due to this the holes in the vapor barrier are sealed, there is no need to do additional work.

This completes the work on thermal insulation of the floor of the first floor wooden house completed, you can start laying. There are a great many options here, it all depends on your wishes and capabilities.

Frequent mistakes when insulating a house or apartment

Large gaps between cut pieces of foam or polystyrene foam. They need to be sealed polyurethane foam. Before laying the cut piece, a small amount of foam is applied to the end of the already lying piece; after hardening, the excess material is carefully cut off with a mounting knife.

Using polystyrene foam to insulate the first floor of a wooden house. Floors must have vents for natural ventilation; rodents can enter the underground through them. After a short time they turn foam boards into dust, the effectiveness of thermal insulation tends to zero. IN wooden houses It is recommended to use glass wool, it has large diameter fibers, which pests do not like. Unfortunately, mineral wool does not become an obstacle for rodents; they can make passages and build nests in it without any problems.

Failure to comply with safety precautions when working with mineral wool. There is no need to trust manufacturers' advertisements claiming that mineral wool does not cause allergic reactions. The skin and mucous membranes are slightly damaged, which causes itching. Always work in protective clothing and gloves, and your respiratory system should be protected with respirators.

All elements of wooden structures under the insulating layer must be impregnated with antiseptics. Any of the most modern vapor barriers significantly impair natural ventilation, and for wooden structures a prolonged increase in humidity is unacceptable.

A layer of expanded clay can create a thermal protection effect only in the complete absence of air movement. This means that you need to make reliable wind protection from polyethylene film on both sides. Remember that this method is unacceptable when insulating wooden structures. As for the use of this material in cement-sand or concrete mixtures, the thermal insulation indicators are an order of magnitude inferior to modern materials.

Wrong choice of insulation. Before making a final decision, carefully analyze the characteristics of the structure and take into account the materials of manufacture load-bearing structures. Another important factor– when choosing thermal insulation, take into account the characteristics of the finishing floor covering.

If the work is carried out without haste and with skill, then thermal insulation of the floor of the first floor will save significant money during the heating season and increase the comfort of staying in the room.

Video - Floor insulation in an apartment on the first floor

The floor is the coolest surface of the room. Up to 20-30% of the heat can escape from a room through a poorly insulated floor! This mainly happens on the first floors with an unheated basement. At the same time, heating bills increase, but the rooms are still cold. In this case, it’s time to start thinking about how to insulate the floors in the apartment. This will help reduce heat loss and create a more comfortable indoor climate.

Insulation of floors is relevant not only for a private home. It is often necessary to insulate the floor in an apartment on the ground floor, in this case it is simply necessary. It is possible to carry out thermal insulation work with your own hands, the main thing is to choose the right material and become familiar with the installation technology.

Materials for floor insulation must comply certain requirements: lightness, strength, durability, high thermal insulation characteristics.

For materials with the necessary properties, relate: mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, polystyrene foam, expanded clay, wood shavings.

Mineral wool. Effective for sound and heat insulation. Fireproof (has high fire resistance), not susceptible to mold and mildew. Flaw– this is hygroscopicity, the ingress of moisture reduces its properties.

Expanded polystyrene, foam plastic. Lightweight, durable, retain heat well, and do not allow external noise into the room. They are not afraid of water, do not deform, and are easy to install.

Expanded clay, wood shavings. Bulk materials, inexpensive, environmentally friendly. They have quite significant disadvantages. The shavings are afraid of moisture and are susceptible to rotting; insects and mice infest them. Expanded clay is not afraid of water and is durable, but it can place a strong load on structures if the insulation layer is too large.

Penoplex. Modern material, is rapidly gaining popularity. Simple technology installation, it is possible to perform insulation yourself. Available in slab form.

Methods for insulating the floor of an apartment on the first floor

When choosing a method for thermal insulation, you should take into account the design features of the building and the peculiarities of the insulation installation method. Insulation of floors in a ground floor apartment can be done in several ways:

Installation of thermal insulation from the outside, from the basement side. For insulating the floor of an apartment located on the ground floor, this method is very effective.
Floor insulation using joists. This will require complete dismantling of the old coating.
Using a screed over the insulation.

All that remains is to choose more convenient way. After all the work is completed, heat leaks will stop, a comfortable microclimate will be created in the apartment, and heating bills will decrease.

Insulation of the floor of a first floor apartment from the basement side with polystyrene foam

IN ordinary houses Concrete floor slabs are used, which on the ground floor border the basement. An unheated and damp room takes in an overwhelming amount of heat. To achieve maximum result, it is necessary to carry out work to insulate the floor of the apartment from the basement. How to do it?

You don't need expensive insulation materials. The floors in a ground floor apartment from the basement can be insulated with foam plastic 50 mm thick.
Before you start installing the insulation, you need to use foam to blow out all the cracks between the slabs and around the perimeter on the basement side.
Further concrete surface process the slabs liquid primer deep penetration. It is applied with a brush.
All that remains is to insulate the subfloor with sheets of foam plastic. They are glued to the ceiling using Ceresit adhesive or construction adhesive, they will provide reliable fastening insulation to the surface.
When the glue has completely hardened, the gaps between the plates must be sealed using sealant or polyurethane foam.

This method can be used to insulate wooden floors. Only in this case, it is recommended to additionally fix the foam sheets with the help of double-umbrellas. This way you will retain heat in the house and additionally protect wooden floors from exposure to dampness from the basement.

The apartment on the ground floor is practical for families with small children, the elderly and the disabled. Residents feel increased humidity in the rooms from the floor. For a comfortable state in winter time The floors have been insulated for years.

What options are used?

Waterproofing is done on the basement side.
They insulate the inside of the rooms.

Concrete plates the bases serve as the ceiling in the basement, which has a complex communication system. They absorb moisture vapor from them. In agreement with management company action plan, insulation and waterproofing of concrete are carried out. This will partially protect the first floor from fumes and drafts coming from below.

The process of work in the apartment begins with waterproofing concrete base. The list of further actions depends on the type of finishing floor covering.

Step-by-step insulation of the basement ceiling

Clean the ceiling base to reinforced concrete.
Rub the cracks with a solution of cement and sand in a 1:1 ratio. By adding to the composition liquid glass, enhance this effect.
Plaster with a solution of cement and sand in a ratio of 3:1. The amount of binder component (water) depends on their viscosity and temperature regime. The solution is mixed in small portions, avoiding rapid hardening. To enhance adhesion, apply the first layer with a trowel, adding mixture to it and leveling it.
Using liquid rubber , as waterproofing, they receive a reliable primer and plaster at the same time.
Provided that the room is cold, foam sheets are glued to the ceiling. The seams are filled with polyurethane foam.
Finish the work with film. It is attached to the walls.

Electric wire heaters.
Warm floors from hot water.
Mats and slabs made of environmentally friendly material.

Preparing the subfloor in an apartment

Floor insulation work is carried out directly on the cleaned reinforced concrete slab. Bulges and dust are removed from it.
Before screeding, the surface is moistened with a solution of cement and sand, in a ratio of 1:1. This will ensure rapid adhesion of the mixture to concrete.
Rub the cracks around the perimeter and cracks throughout the entire area. This is done before applying primers that ensure contact of the leveling mixtures with the floor.

Base primer

Polyurethane

The second name of the composition is epoxy primer, which has the ability to penetrate deeply into concrete. Apply the component to the screed with a roller. Work along the perimeter of the base with a brush. No spaces allowed. This type of primer effective for adhesion with self-leveling floors (self-leveling), prevent the formation of fungus and moisture penetration.

Concrete contact

This is an acrylic composition with quartz sand. Apply with roller and brush. After priming, a rough surface is formed on the base, ensuring tight contact with the subsequent layer. Acrylic in the composition makes the film resistant, preventing moisture from entering the concrete. After 4 hours from the moment of applying the composition, begin next stage insulation.

Sequence of filling and leveling

To carry out work efficiently and with less time, use ready-made compositions. The most practical are self-leveling self-leveling floors. Before applying them, the height of the beacons is determined by level, they are attached every 60 centimeters over the entire area and perimeter. The reinforced mesh is stretched along the established marks. A film is attached to the points of contact with the wall, protecting it from moisture from the filling composition.

They begin to level the floor from a blank wall, moving towards the door. The surface of the composition is compacted with a needle roller. This method ensures complete removal of air bubbles. Having finished the work, cover the base with cellophane film until it hardens completely. In its absence, the floor is periodically sprayed with water. After 3 days, you can move on to the next stage.

Useful video on pouring floors in an apartment

Warm floors from hot water

Installation of water heating is a step-by-step observance of the entire cycle from the beginning to the launch of the system into operation. The length of the pipe is determined by calculation, depending on the area of the room.

Advantage

Provides uniform heating of the entire floor.
The pipes are hidden and do not change aesthetic perception interior
A closed cycle of hot water from central heating does not affect overall utility costs.
Properly selected materials will not rust, which guarantees the system long term operation without leakage.

Equipment

Metal-polymer or polymer pipes(preferably corrugated, bendable).
Thermal insulation.
Fastening elements.
Manifold with fitting for connection to the battery.
Damper tape attached to the wall along the perimeter, within the height of the structure.
Reinforcement mesh.
Aluminum plates.

The number of pipes required is calculated on the basis that 5 meters are laid per square meter, in increments of 20 centimeters.

Sequence of work

Polyethylene is laid in two layers on the screed.
The foil insulation is laid out overlapping with the metal surface towards the room. It will create a reflective effect from the heat, increasing its power.
When placing materials without foil, such as penoplex, polystyrene, chipboard (chipboard), then aluminum plates with grooves for pipes are laid out over the entire area, keeping a distance between them of 20 to 40 centimeters.
A pipe evenly distributed over the entire area (the graphics are arbitrary) is attached to the base.
Its ends are connected to a water supply source.
The entire structure is poured cement-sand screed, layer thickness from 5 to 15 centimeters.

Note:

Grooves are made in chipboard for metal plates and pipes. The entire structure is covered with a two-layer film, on which the flooring is formed.
Checking the tightness of the connection of the pipe to the central heating battery is done before pouring concrete. To do this, cold water is supplied under pressure exceeding the working pressure by one and a half or two times.

Useful video on installing a water floor

Infrared film electric floor

This type of heating is combined with such floor coverings as:

Parquet.
Laminate.
Tile.
Carpet.

Characteristic

IR – available in rolls. The polyester or polypropylene film contains carbon paste. Material divided into separate independent stripes, having a pronounced dividing line. Along the edge of each section is laid copper wire with silver coating. When current passes through it, it heats up and transmits thermal energy carbon filler. Reduce the width of the IR film along the edge between sections. Its thickness is up to 2 millimeters, with a width from 50 to 100 centimeters.

To connect to a power source, the following equipment and materials are required:

Thermostat that controls the specified heating level.
Thermostat that regulates the temperature.
The remote control with which the program is set.
Contact clamps and cable for connecting to a power source.
Bitumen insulation.
Pliers and screwdriver.
Construction tape.

Technical safety requirements

The film is protected by hydro- and vapor barrier on both sides, top and bottom.
Do not connect the cable to the power source using the plug/socket principle.
IR film does not overlap.

Stationary electrical connection is provided (a protective shutdown device with a power of 10 to 30 mA), this will protect against possible failure of the infrared heating elements.

The flooring should not fit tightly against heating elements. The plinth is attached only to the base covering, allowing it to move due to heating.

Note:

Lifetime heating film 20 years or more.
IR is not filled with solution, it is covered with polyethylene when forming a hard floor covering. Before laying linoleum, plywood is laid on top.
Having an even covering of wood, it is used as a base for IR, having previously been covered with foil material.

Installation sequence

The infrared film is laid out in planned areas and attached to the floor using a stapler or tape along transparent edges that do not have a built-in wire.
Recesses are made in the wall. Place the cable going from the thermostat to the thermostat.
The places on the film in the connection area are thickened; for them it is necessary to create technological recesses artificially.
The starting point of installation is located on the opposite side from the power connection points. Leave a free space of 20 centimeters from the walls.
Connect the copper ends to the thermostat using the cable and contact clamps included in the kit. Secure with pliers and isolate.
The clamp is placed between the film and the wire. The IR strips are connected near the wall. When extending them, wires of the same color are connected to each other, followed by insulation, and additional fastening with tape.
The cable is routed inside the corrugation. It is sealed with a film, protecting it from moisture.
After completing installation, check the functionality of the entire structure using a portable sensor.

Useful video on installing electric floors

Insulation with electric cable

30% of the area is heated, this is enough for an apartment with a centralized supply hot water. Composing cable layout, excludes places under the closet, wardrobe, bed and similar items. More often, this type of floor heating is done in the bathroom, toilet and kitchen, with a floor covering made of tiled material.

For dry rooms, energy consumption per square meter for an hour – 120 W/, at high humidity – 140 W. For example, for a room of 6 m2 you need 720 W/hour.

The thermostat is placed at a distance of 30 centimeters from the flooring. If it is electronic, then you need to install it higher.

The cable is distributed evenly on the foil-insulating material over the entire area of the site, observing a step of 20 to 40 centimeters. Withdrawn the ends are connected to the power source. Maximum length cable should not exceed 6 meters.

After checking the functionality of the entire system, it is filled with concrete mixture. Bubbles from the inside are removed using the rules for leveling the solution (needle roller).

Note: You can use an electric floor in mats, which will significantly reduce the installation time.

Useful installation video

Stone wool mats

This method is the simplest and most economical. It is used more often than others.

Installation sequence

A two-layer polyethylene film is placed on the screed. The joints overlap and are secured with construction tape. The film should extend onto the wall along the entire perimeter, with a height no less than the thickness of the mat.
A frame is laid out from beams, 50 cm high (equal to the width of the mineral wool layer).
Mats are laid in the formed cells. The seams are taped with construction tape.
The finished structure is covered with reinforced mesh and filled with cement screed.

Expanded clay

Cover the concrete floor with two-layer polyethylene.
A frame is formed from beams.
The cells of the frame are filled with its crumbs, and filled with a solution of cement and sand, a layer thickness of at least 5 centimeters.

Polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam

The slabs are evenly distributed over the entire area onto a layer of waterproofing film.
The joints are taped with construction tape.
Close vapor barrier film. Using foil material, metal surface directed towards the room.
Cover the top with plywood 5 or 10 cm thick.

Izolon

Under hard floor coverings, it is recommended to lay foil material on the screed. It could be isolon. It's thin, but creates enough high level reflection of heat coming from the room.

Conclusion

All proposed types of floor insulation are recommended for residential premises. The proposed materials are environmentally friendly and do not harm health. Guided by the instructions for step-by-step work, and observing all the rules for hermetic seam connection c, the floor insulation on the first floor will be done correctly.

As is known, warm air tends to rise upward, as a result the floor remains the coldest place in the apartment or house. This especially applies to the first floor, under which there is often a basement or subfloor. In our article we will talk about how to insulate the floor on the first floor and more.

The most reliable way to protect against the cold is to use insulation, which can be in the form of blocks, rolls or bulk materials. When deciding on the best way to insulate a floor, you must choose between cost, thermal insulation properties and durability of the material.

Insulation of the basement space

Builders don't really care about airtightness when laying floors. Gaps most often remain in the basement space. You can even see them from the basement. The first thing to do is to seal the cracks in the ceiling. Small holes can be filled with putty from below. In a private house on the ceiling with bottom side You can glue insulation boards.

Suitable here assembly adhesive for foam plastic. How to make an insulated floor from below so that the slabs do not lag behind? To do this, they are additionally secured with parachute dowels, and the joints are foamed.

The obvious advantage of this method is that there is no need to break anything. Everything will remain as it was, and the house will become warm.

Insulation of a wooden floor

old floorboard can be replaced with a new one. If it is in good condition, then the floor is carefully disassembled. In this case, you need to mark the boards so that you don’t waste time and effort on adjustment later. This is especially true for half-floors. Disassembly is done in order, so that you can put it back together in the same way. The nails are removed carefully so as not to damage the boards. When assembling the floor, it is advisable to use self-tapping screws, which create stronger connections and are easy to remove.

Before insulating the floor on the first floor, the cracks on top must be carefully sealed using polyurethane foam, putty and cement-sand mortar. The joists should be checked with a level and further strengthened. Otherwise, the floorboards will continue to creak as before. Construction stores sell racks that are screwed into joists and rest against the ceiling. They can also be made from steel studs.

The floor slabs are tightly laid with mineral wool, which should extend onto the walls. Budget decision is the use of mats made of straw or sawdust, but they decompose over time. You can also use expanded clay, foam chips or slag. In principle, any insulation is suitable if it fulfills its functions. A layer of vapor barrier is laid underneath the ceiling to prevent moisture from accumulating, which will significantly deteriorate the properties of the insulation.

How to insulate a floor with polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam

If the floor is covered ceramic tiles or cement screed, it can be insulated using thin sheets expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam.

Fiberboard and GVL plasterboard are also used. But their thermal insulation properties are much lower.

On concrete floor a layer of vapor barrier is placed, and on it - a layer of insulation and polyethylene film. Then a cement screed or special mixture. It must be reinforced with mesh. To compensate for temperature fluctuations, an edge strip is laid around the perimeter of the wall. A new floor covering is installed on top: tiles, parquet, laminate or linoleum.

Insulating underlay for linoleum

The problem of how to insulate the floor on the first floor can be solved by in a simple way due to linoleum with a backing. It is the most common, cheap, easy-to-install and maintain coating. It is enough to cut it correctly and insert it under the baseboards.

The material consists of layers of PVC with a pattern, fiberglass and a substrate, which is often used as the same material on both sides, which prevents the coating from deforming when the temperature changes.

There is also insulation for linoleum floors. It represents the bottom layer, which can be made of jute or fabric.

Additional backing for linoleum

If the coating does not have necessary protection from the cold from below, then additional substrates are used under the main coating: cork, linen and polystyrene foam. The cork is good insulation, but it can also be used as an independent coating. Ordinary plywood or fiberboard also have heat-insulating properties, but the effect will be much greater if an additional layer of expanded polystyrene is placed underneath them. Insulation for floors under linoleum is best laid under plywood or fiberboard.

This is done as follows:

an insulating underlay is laid on a dry and level floor;
plywood is laid and secured to the floor with self-tapping screws;
Linoleum is covered on top and the edges are hidden under a plinth, which protects the substrate from water penetration.

This method is used in rooms with high ceilings.

How to connect a heated floor

Makes it possible to create uniform heat in the room. It is a heating system located under the covering, which gives the most favorable temperature distribution in the room along the height.

The problem of how to insulate the floor on the first floor using electric heating, can be solved in one of the following ways:

with applied polymer it fits under any floor covering. It does not require pouring screed.
the power of which varies depending on the temperature. It heats cold areas more, and warm areas less. It requires pouring a screed.
Carbon fiber rods mounted on a fiberglass mesh can be filled with ordinary tile adhesive.

After installation, you need to know how to connect the heated floor. This requires a thermostat to which a heating cable is connected. All connections should be made according to the instructions, carefully following all steps.

Water heating is carried out using pipes with circulating hot water. They are laid under the floor or filled with screed. Heating is carried out through copper, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes, which are connected to the space heating system.

Floor heating can be distributed in such a way as to connect separate areas. To do this, a manifold with control valves is placed at the top.

Conclusion

Floors can be insulated by installing heat-insulating materials, used separately or as a substrate floor coverings. Thermal insulation panels at the bottom of the floors are especially effective. When installing them, there is no need to disassemble the floor above. In addition, you can install a heated floor system, which can be autonomous or part of the home heating system.

The apartment on the ground floor is located above the basement, from which concrete slab ceilings, dampness and cold penetrate into the room. High humidity, bad smell, fungus and uncomfortable floor temperature - residents face these problems every day until they decide to insulate the concrete base.

External thermal insulation of the base is always effective and does not take up space in the room. In the common basement, you need to determine and mark the area of your apartment. In damp conditions, moisture-resistant insulation is used - expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam. The layer thickness for warm regions is 10 cm, for cold regions - 15 cm. Thermal insulation occurs using the following technology:

Foam boards are attached to the concrete ceiling basement
To protect the material from rodents it is laid metal grid and is fixed with plastic dowels.
The foam is covered with polyethylene film for waterproofing. As a replacement for moisture-resistant fabric, which can be damaged, bitumen coating insulation is used.

Mineral wool can be used as insulation, but more effort will be required. It is necessary to secure the lathing under the material, lay waterproofing and cover everything with moisture-resistant plywood.

Thermal insulation of concrete subfloor

The fight against penetrating cold begins with sealing the cracks in the base. To seal them, polyurethane foam is used; it can be used to treat the joint between the floor and the wall. Thorough waterproofing will allow you to get rid of dampness in an apartment on the ground floor. At high humidity the entire floor area is covered with coating or penetrating insulation. After this, a polyethylene film 200 microns thick is spread. The edges of the canvas should extend onto the walls to a height of 15-20 cm. The film is laid with an overlap of adjacent strips of 10-15 cm, the joints are sealed with construction tape.

There are several ways to insulate the floor in an apartment:

concrete screed with insulating additives: sawdust, expanded clay, perlite;
styling thermal insulation material by lags;
dry screed for gypsum fiber panels;
use of polystyrene foam boards under concrete;
heated floor system.

Arbolite or lightweight concrete made from a mixture of cement and wood fillers - affordable and quality option thermal insulation. It is environmentally friendly, durable, non-flammable and durable. The disadvantage of insulation is that the floor is raised by 10 cm and the drying time is up to 25 days.

Using joists for thermal insulation will also raise the base. The work is carried out in stages:

Wooden blocks are laid on the waterproofing layer in increments of 50 cm.
Insulation is placed between the guides - expanded clay with a layer of 10-12 cm or mineral wool 10 cm thick. The material is laid tightly, the gaps between it and the logs are filled with polyurethane foam.
A polyethylene film is laid for vapor barrier. It is fastened with staples, the joints are taped with special tape.
A subfloor made of boards or plywood is laid.

A dry screed, which does not require time to dry, will allow you to insulate a concrete floor in a short time. Fine expanded clay or sand is poured onto the spread waterproofing, the rock is distributed in an even layer of 5 cm and compacted. Placed on insulation moisture resistant drywall in two rows or special “KNAUF superfloor” panels, the thickness of which is 20 mm. The sheets are glued together and treated with putty. The coating has low thermal conductivity, protects against noise and moisture, is safe and does not require wet processes. Parquet, linoleum, laminate are laid on gypsum fiber.

Expanded polystyrene has a high density and strength, it will become reliable and warm base for the floor. The slabs are placed staggered so that the load is distributed evenly. The joints between them are covered with polyurethane foam. The material is covered with a metal reinforcing mesh and filled with a layer of cement screed 5 cm high.

Installing a heated floor system is the best option for an apartment on the ground floor; it will rid the room of dampness and at any time increase the temperature of the coating to a comfortable level.

Here you can install a water, electric or film floor. The system is laid on a base insulated with polystyrene foam. A foil material is laid under it, with the reflective side facing the room. Water and electric cable floors are laid under the screed, and infrared film is placed under the finishing coating.

How to insulate a wooden floor?

Wood has less thermal conductivity than concrete, but on the ground floor it also seems cold and damp. Before removing the covering boards, you need to select insulation. Usually taken basalt wool, it retains heat perfectly, absorbs noise, does not rot and does not attract rodents, and is safe in case of fire.

Expanded clay - natural bulk material for thermal insulation, it is lightweight and affordable price, quick and easy to install. You can use expanded polystyrene, the material is durable, resistant to moisture and stress, but its cost is higher than other insulation materials.

Isolation process wooden base consists of several stages:

The boards are removed and inspected; if they are in good condition, they are returned to their place after all work has been completed.
Processing in progress wooden joists antiseptic.
A waterproofing sheet is spread, extending up to 20 cm onto the walls. All joists are wrapped in film.
Rolled basalt wool is tightly laid out between the bars or expanded clay is poured. The height of the insulation does not reach the top of the joists by 5 mm.
The laid material is covered with a vapor barrier film to prevent moisture from the apartment from getting on it.
The tongue and groove boards are nailed to the joists.

By correctly insulating the floor in your apartment, you will forget about moisture and cold for a long time.