Insulating a sauna from the inside: material options and step-by-step instructions. How to insulate the floor, ceiling, walls of a sauna? Proper sauna insulation

Previously, apartment dwellers were content with only taking a bath and shower. Residents of the private sector had the opportunity to build a bathhouse and steam to their heart's content. Now, a lot of opportunities have opened up for both. Many new types of baths have come into the life of the Russian citizen:

furo;
sanarium;
hamam;
sauna.

The last type of steam room is the most common. Such a room can be arranged even in a spacious apartment. The main thing is to comply with the norms and rules of thermal insulation for a sauna.

Distinctive features of sauna insulation

The sauna came to us from Finland. The presence of many lakes on the territory of the state and the proximity of the sea saturate the air with moisture. This eliminates the use of water vapor in large quantities. Humidity in the steam room Finnish sauna ranges from 10 to 25%.

When insulating, it is not necessary to choose a material with low hygroscopicity. A small percentage of humidity will expand the list of materials used.

Also, low humidity affects the flooring technology. IN Finnish version The steam room lacks many communications. Therefore the construction process goes faster. The absence of drainage gutters makes it possible to set up a sauna even in an apartment.

The second distinguishing point is the high temperature, compared to other types of baths. The heating temperature ranges from 90 to 120°C. Moreover, in an ordinary Russian bath the heating does not exceed 50°C.

High temperatures increase the performance requirements for insulation materials. It should be:

fireproof;
not subject to combustion;
without any harmful substances;
no unpleasant odor.

The method of attaching the insulation also matters. Any plastic elements can melt due to heat. Heat metal parts, may cause a fire. Not every adhesive composition able to withstand harsh indoor climate conditions.

Various requirements are imposed on insulation for:

walls;
gender;
ceiling.

Choosing insulation for sauna walls

The choice of the type and thickness of insulation depends not only on the well-known:

region of development;
location on the ground;
heating device.

The material of the walls plays an important role. After all, the thermal conductivity of brick masonry is higher than that of a similar wall made of aerated concrete. The most important thing to do is to take protection panel walls. In this case, you need to pay attention to the joints. They should be cleaned and resealed.

The calculation takes into account the thickness load-bearing structures. This is especially true for external walls. The thickness of the masonry affects the thickness of the insulation used.

The best, but space-consuming, sauna insulation is expanded clay insulation. Porous insulation has a thermal conductivity in the range of 0.07-0.18 W/m*K. The closer the fractions are adjacent to each other, the higher the conductivity.

Advantages of use:

environmental friendliness. In essence, expanded clay is baked clay;
fire safety;
lack of fastening;
low cost.

Flaws:

the thickness of the expanded clay layer should be at least 20 cm for external walls, and approximately 10 cm when insulating walls indoors;
moisture absorption of the material is about 8 to 20% by weight of the material;
When backfilling, a lot of dust is generated. Insulation work must be carried out in a respirator;
It is difficult to get rid of moisture accumulated in the material. A vapor barrier device is required.

This type of heat loss protection is suitable for large rooms. If 6 people stay at the same time, an area of 4.5 m2 is sufficient. It is 2 m wide and 2.25 m long.

You can insulate walls using mineral wool. Only stone wool can be used for high-temperature rooms. Its fibers are not subject to combustion. The melting point of the material is 1200°C.

The high vapor permeability of the product requires the same from the wall material. Otherwise, moisture will condense on the surface of the fence. The solution to the problem would be a device with inside insulation of the vapor barrier layer.

The low thermal conductivity of the structure makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the insulation layer of the sauna walls. Foil mineral wool will be a special obstacle to heat.

Material with a reflective surface can retain up to 97% of heat, helping to reduce sauna heating costs. This efficiency will allow you to purchase a boiler with lower energy consumption. And this will affect the size of the device, giving steamers more free space.

When installing reflective insulation in front of it, a gap must be left on the inside. This can be easily done by securing the mat with wooden slats. A ventilation space of 1 cm is sufficient.

Insulating walls with polyurethane foam has become a new trend in construction. The material is:

thermal insulation;
moisture barrier;
vapor-tight membrane

85% hardened foam consists of air. And he, as you know, is a bad conductor. Therefore, most of the heat remains inside the sauna.

The foam has excellent adhesion to any materials. Its use excludes extra costs for hardware.

Polyurethane foam coating can be used when arranging Finnish sauna in a building with metal frame. Insulation will create a dense barrier around the studs to block heat. Additionally, the foam will protect the metal from corrosion. The racks will not be able to overheat, losing stability.

When arranging a room for a bathhouse, it is used wooden frame. The width of the racks is 100 mm. It is selected based on the thickness of the insulation. This value is sufficient for communication with a heated room.

Before insulating the sauna, the frame is treated with antiseptics and fire retardants. Antiseptic wood has a specific greenish tint. You can purchase already processed lumber.

Floor insulation

The essence therapeutic effects saunas on the body - removal of toxins. Due to the high temperature, a person sweats. Harmful elements come out along with sweat. The room is not intended for water procedures, as is the case with a Russian bath.

Based on the purpose of this type of bath, we draw two conclusions:

You can select floor insulation without fear of excessive exposure to moisture;
Hot air rises. Therefore, floor insulation may not be heat-resistant.

There are two insulation technologies, depending on the base material.

If the floor is concrete

The concrete base is insulated dense slabs or through a lag device. In the first option, products with a density of at least 35 kg/m3 are used.

It is better to use slabs with the letter C in the marking. It indicates protection from temperature influences.

Step-by-step installation:

treatment concrete base antiseptics;
laying slabs with tight joints. For insulation on the first floor, the thickness of the material must be at least 100 mm. Floors, when installing a sauna above heated rooms, are insulated with a layer of 50 mm;
placed on top of the slabs film waterproofing, with an approach to the wall of at least 100 mm;
Reinforcement is laid on the waterproofing layer. A masonry mesh is suitable for its role;
everything is filled with a 5-centimeter layer of concrete. If it is still supposed to be carried out in the bathhouse water procedures, need a bias. It is formed to the drain funnel by laying a leveling screed.

Placed on top of concrete wood flooring. It can be solid or with distances between the boards.

When installing wooden logs, you can use low-density insulation. The log is laid on top edged board. The thickness of the board should be at least 20 mm.

The thickness of the bars for the logs is 50 mm. The height is selected according to the thickness of the insulation. The pitch between the beams is selected based on the size of the insulation. The beams are attached using self-tapping screws.

A PVC film is placed on top of the insulation. The edges are secured with overlap using tape. Foil is often used instead of film.

Materials for insulation are used:

bulk;
slab;
mats;
polyurethane foam.

Friable polystyrene foam is added to the concrete to create the screed and base. It facilitates the design, imparting insulating qualities.

Wooden floor

Paul in wooden house represented by load-bearing beams. Insulation is located between them.

Before insulation, it is necessary to hem the floor from below. When the sauna is located on upper floors the filing is the ceiling of the lower room.

The following is used as filing on the first floor:

waterproofing film;
unedged board;
plywood.

Dense hemming is used when the insulation weight is significant. If the insulation is arranged by surprise or its weight is minimal, then film is sufficient.

You can select a material from those not yet considered using Table 1.
Table 1

Insulating the sauna ceiling

The ceiling is the most moisture- and fire-hazardous area of the sauna. It is on the ceiling that the evaporated moisture condenses. Therefore, you need to apply the entire complex of protection:

thermal insulation;
vapor barrier;
water protection;
high-quality and safe finishing

The insulation material is stone wool. A water barrier is installed on the outside of the insulation. He can be:

film;
coating;
pasting

Mineral wool is not attached to the ceiling surface. All its weight falls on the finishing. Fastening with glue will not withstand high temperatures.

A vapor barrier is installed on the inside of the insulation. It serves to retain steam indoors. This layer prevents the insulation from getting wet during the steam room operation.

The finish is created from wooden lining. It is attached before laying the mineral wool. After that, insulation is inserted into the resulting boxes.

They are not attached to the ceiling of a Finnish sauna lighting. Therefore, laying wires in the thickness of the insulation is excluded.

Although high temperatures limit the range of materials, creating a comfortable steam room is possible. Knowing how to insulate a sauna from the inside, you can create an island of Finland even in an apartment.

If you have never had to deal with thermal insulation of a steam room in a bathhouse, then this article is for you. Let's consider important nuances and the materials best used for these purposes.

Measures for insulating steam room walls

Features of the thermal insulation process

A steam room in a bathhouse requires special thermal insulation. After all, the difference in temperature from environment can reach 100 degrees, and even more in winter. Therefore, thermal insulation for baths and saunas must be made of high-quality materials and have sufficient thickness.

So, to the main ones important points Thermal insulation of a steam room includes:

large temperature difference;
high humidity inside the steam room.

The humidity inside the steam room can reach maximum values; if no measures are taken, the walls will constantly get wet. This is fraught with a significant reduction in service life.

Since the main task in in this case is to maintain a high temperature, all methods of cold air entering and hot air escaping should be eliminated.

There are several options for resolving these issues:

wall insulation work;
ceiling insulation measures;
elimination of heat leaks through the floor;
measures to insulate the entrance.

We will consider methods for insulating floors, ceilings and walls below. As for the last problem, its solution is carried out in two ways:

The simplest and cheap option insulation consists in precise fitting of the door and frame. The better the door is made, the fewer cracks there will be;

Materials for thermal insulation

The next solution is a high threshold. Typically, the height of the threshold into the steam room is made at least 15 cm. Thanks to this, cold air from below makes it more difficult to get inside the warm room. The dressing room also plays a big role in maintaining heat.

Materials for thermal insulation

A cheap insulation option involves precise fitting of the door and frame. The better the door is made, the fewer cracks there will be;

The next solution is a high threshold. Typically, the height of the threshold into the steam room is made at least 15 cm. Thanks to this, cold air from below makes it more difficult to get inside the warm room. The dressing room also plays a big role in maintaining heat.

Materials for thermal insulation

The next solution is a high threshold. Typically, the height of the threshold into the steam room is made at least 15 cm. Thanks to this, cold air from below makes it more difficult to get inside the warm room. The dressing room also plays a big role in maintaining heat.

Materials for thermal insulation

Main stages of thermal insulation

Note! The use of such high-quality heat insulators as polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam and polyethylene foam is not permissible. At high temperatures they can melt and release harmful substances.

Heat insulators based on mineral wool have proven themselves very well. In addition to the fact that they have high heat-insulating properties, they also do not burn and do not emit harmful substances. At the same time, the price of such materials does not differ from the main competitors.

Main stages of thermal insulation

As we have already found out, heat loss in a steam room of a bath or sauna is solved by insulating the walls, ceiling and floor. Let's consider the features of each stage separately. Most of the heat, up to 50%, escapes through the walls, so let's start with them.

Izover insulation;

Note! The use of such high-quality heat insulators as polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam and polyethylene foam is not permissible. At high temperatures they can melt and release harmful substances.

Main stages of thermal insulation

Izover insulation - a modern material for your home

heat-insulating material Izospan;
insulation options made of polyurethane foam (PPU) and others.

Note! The use of such high-quality heat insulators as polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam and polyethylene foam is not permissible. At high temperatures they can melt and release harmful substances.

Main stages of thermal insulation

Advice! For high-quality joining of foil material it is convenient to use aluminum tape. And at the junction of the thermal insulation with the floor, it is convenient to make an outlet for removing condensate.

Sealing seams with aluminum tape

Thus, work on the internal insulation of the steam room will be completed. It should also be taken into account that heat losses will be greatly reduced with sufficient external insulation walls

Ceiling insulation work

Ceiling insulation option

Thermal insulation of a sauna with your own hands can begin from this stage. According to the laws of physics warm air rises up. Therefore, measures to insulate the ceiling are no less important a process than eliminating heat leaks through the walls.

The principle of laying thermal insulation is approximately the same:

vapor barrier layer;
layer heat-insulating material;
waterproofing layer.

A special feature of bathhouse ceiling insulation is a thicker layer of insulation than for walls. You can safely double the thermal insulation. There are options for insulating the ceiling with expanded clay and backfill made from a mixture of clay and sawdust. In this case, the insulation layer should not be less than 30 cm.

We insulate the floor of a sauna or bathhouse

Floor insulation work deserves no less attention than measures for wall and ceiling insulation. To prevent the penetration of cold air from the ground, a subfloor is made. A layer of boards or lining is simply nailed to the joists from below. Insulation is placed into the resulting layer.

As with any insulation process, it is important to lay the insulation without gaps or cracks. For a sauna, a larger layer of insulation is taken due to maintaining a higher temperature inside.

Steam room in the apartment

For avid steam lovers, it is possible to install a sauna right in the apartment. It is more convenient to use bathrooms for this. Used as a temperature booster electric ovens. At the same time, as for a regular sauna, it is important to correctly solve thermal insulation issues.

So, the main things you need to make a steam room with your own hands:

When choosing a stove, we focus, first of all, on the dimensions of the steam room. So for a steam room 2 by 2 meters, an electric oven is suitable at 6-8 kW. To generate steam, stones are purchased and placed on top of the stove.

Sauna equipment in the bathroom

As insulation for a home steam room, a universal option with a foil layer is best suited. In this case, there is no need to lay a particularly thick layer, since the room temperature is always positive.

It is also worth paying attention to moisture and vapor barrier of lamps and electrical appliances.

Conclusion

The information discussed in the article will help in matters of eliminating heat loss in saunas and baths. The main thing to remember when working on thermal insulation is that there is no need to rush anywhere.

Calm and careful implementation of all stages will serve you well and will help you avoid making mistakes.

Do-it-yourself thermal insulation for saunas and baths: instructions, photo and video tutorials, price

How to insulate a sauna from the inside with your own hands

A high room temperature can be maintained using significant heat production. However, it is equally important to minimize heat loss as much as possible so that the produced thermal energy didn't disappear too quickly. This directly applies to both “wet” steam rooms and dry ones Finnish baths, where the operating air temperature is maintained above 100 degrees. It is clear that maintaining such temperature regime Without effective thermal insulation of all sauna surfaces, it is very problematic.

Therefore, the fact that the walls, as well as the floor and ceiling in the steam room are subject to insulation should be clear to everyone. Another thing is that the question may arise about how to insulate a bathhouse or sauna from the inside with your own hands, so that, using minimal energy, you can quickly warm it up to operating temperature, and, importantly, keep the microclimate within the required limits. A logical question is also which material to use for thermal insulation measures, taking into account the special operating conditions. Also, many are interested in the features of bathhouse thermal insulation technology, since the desire to make a steam room “for themselves”, with their own hands, has not been canceled. Later in the article we will consider all these issues in detail.

Insulate from the inside or from the outside?

It is clear that the floor can only be insulated from the inside. But the walls and ceilings, if the bathhouse is a separate structure, it can be protected from heat loss on both sides. What method of insulation will be more effective in the case of a sauna?

How to insulate a bathhouse from the inside or outside? To answer this question, let's look at how the room warms up. Here most of the heat is released from its source in the form infrared radiation. This means that in order not to lose it, thermal insulation should be carried out not only with heat absorbers, but also with materials capable of reflecting thermal radiation. Moreover, the closer such an infrared radiation reflector is to the heated surface, the better. In this case, the inertia of heating the steam room will be minimal.

If the main layer of heat-insulating material is placed on outside walls, imagine how much energy it will take to warm up the entire thickness of the masonry to the required temperature.

Therefore, the answer here is clear: insulation equipped with a reflective screen and located from the inside of the bathhouse will be much more effective.

Choosing a material for thermal insulation of a sauna from the inside

Given the unusual temperature conditions, the first insulation that comes along will not work here. The thermal insulation agent must meet certain requirements, such as:

non-flammability;
environmental friendliness and compliance with hygienic requirements;
ability to pass steam;
heat resistance;
good insulating properties.

It is clear that only natural insulation can meet such requirements. Therefore, it is best suited for thermal insulation of a sauna from the inside. mineral wool and its varieties. Expanded polystyrene is not suitable here, because not a single manufacturer will guarantee that at the temperature that is typical for a bath, these polymers will be safe for health.

However, as mentioned above, for effective insulation with your own hands from the inside, you will need a material that can reflect heat rays. This can be solved in two ways. Or combine mineral wool with foil-coated foam insulator for thermal insulation, or use isover for these purposes, which is basalt insulation, equipped on one side with a layer of aluminum foil.

Insulation of sauna, walls

In the bathhouse, the classic finishing material is wood. And in order to install, say, the now popular wooden lining, you need lathing. Therefore, this is what we should proceed from, both when selecting the bars that will be used as racks and the thickness of the heat insulator.

First of all, taking into account that mineral wool, which is prone to getting wet, will be used, the entire surface of the walls must be securely “wrapped” with a special hydro-barrier film, which at the same time allows steam and air to pass through thanks to the perforated structure.

The moisture-proofing film should be laid with an overlap of about 10 cm, gluing the joint lines with ordinary polyethylene tape.

The second stage will be the construction of lathing from wooden beams with your own hands. The distance between them should be slightly less than the width of the mineral wool mats so that they are attached by hooking onto wooden elements battens. You can fix the bars to the wall using mounting plates. When securing the racks, it is important to ensure that they are in the same vertical plane.

Now that the beams are securely fixed, mineral wool is placed between them. This work should be done in protective clothing and, preferably, using at least a simple respirator. Fiber particles that fall off mineral wool irritate the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, so it is worth protecting your organs from mineral dust.

It's time to install foil insulation. Usually this is penofol, which is packaged in the form of a roll. The latter should be unwound and a strip cut, which corresponds to the distance between the opposite corners of the wall. Penofol is attached with foil inside, located on the wall in horizontal stripes. For fixation, a construction stapler is used, which staples the foil insulation to the wooden beams. Penofol strips are laid end to end. The joints are sealed using special foil tape. Thus, penofol not only creates a screen that reflects heat rays, but also acts as a barrier to moisture coming from inside.

Next, you can immediately sheathe the sheathing with clapboard, although it is better to make a counter-lattice by stuffing horizontal slats along the racks and then sheathe them. In the second case, a gap is created between the sheathing and the insulation to allow natural ventilation, which has a beneficial effect on the durability, first of all, of wooden structures.

Ceiling insulation in a sauna

Thermal insulation of ceilings from the inside in a bathhouse is not fundamentally different from that of the walls. All work is carried out according to the same scheme:

waterproofing;
installation of a frame under the cladding;
mineral wool filling between frame elements;
installation of penofol;
construction of counter-lattice;
sheathing

The only difference can be in the thickness of the mineral wool layer, since the ceiling in the sauna should be insulated especially carefully, taking into account the fact that hot air tends upward. Although you can place an additional layer of insulation with your own hands on the ceilings and from the attic.

Thermal insulation of the floor in the bathhouse

The floor is always the coldest place in the room. And the sauna is no exception. Therefore, insulating the floor will not only retain heat inside the steam room, but will also create comfort under your feet.

It is also better to insulate the floor using the same mineral wool, with the difference that here you can use loose insulation with low density (it will be cheaper).

In this case, you should also not neglect waterproofing, since wet mineral wool loses its thermal insulation properties.

In the floor, mineral wool is laid on the subfloor between installed logs, over which a finished wooden covering is then laid.

As you can see, everything technological processes There are no particular difficulties associated with thermal insulation inside the steam room, so they are quite accessible to do it yourself. There are not many insulation materials suitable for these purposes, but they exist, and they are quite effective and, most importantly, natural and safe for health.

A high room temperature can be maintained using significant heat production. However, it is equally important to minimize heat loss as much as possible so that the generated thermal energy does not dissipate too quickly. This directly concerns how...

Insulation for saunas and baths: which is better?

All about which insulation is best for saunas and baths, what are the pros and cons of each type, how to successfully choose insulation for the ceiling and walls.

How to insulate the floor, ceiling and walls of a sauna

Not so long ago, a sauna in the country or in country house was a rather exotic structure, and ignorant people considered it almost a complete analogue of a bathhouse, only in the Finnish style. In some ways, they are, of course, right, but still, a bathhouse and a sauna have many differences between themselves. One of them is ease of placement. If a separate log house is required for the bathhouse, the device utility networks, then with the sauna things are much simpler. It can be built in a house, apartment, basement or even in the attic. To build a sauna, you need a separate room that can be insulated and a heat source. High-quality insulation of the room - necessary condition a properly functioning sauna.

Features of sauna insulation

What is needed to insulate a sauna? First, let's figure out through which surfaces heat escapes from the sauna room, and what features the thermal insulation of each of them has.

So, heat leakage in a sauna occurs through the following surfaces:

The floor must be insulated in a manner similar to the floor in a wooden house. Unlike the bath floor, it does not require water resistance.

Walls - in addition to thermal insulation, good ventilation is necessary.

The ceiling - its surface is insulated especially carefully, since it must successfully retain the hottest air in the room.

In order to properly insulate a sauna, it is necessary to stop heat leakage in all three directions, because careless work on the thermal insulation of any of the components will negate all efforts to insulate the room as a whole. We will also immediately stipulate that here we are considering measures purely for the installation of thermal insulation in the sauna, where heating is not due to water vapor, but due to dry heat, without affecting the washing room or steam room, which can be arranged together with the sauna.

Materials for sauna insulation

Insulation in a sauna is carried out by using natural materials, such as basalt wool or other mineral insulation, foil is good for a sauna insulating materials. The use of any types of foam plastic is unacceptable, since when heated there is a high risk of turning the sauna into a gas chamber, the substances released by these materials when heated are so toxic. When choosing materials for thermal insulation of a sauna, their ability to withstand fire also plays a role. Here brief characteristics materials most often used for sauna insulation.

Basalt wool - environmentally friendly pure material, which has high fire resistance, hydrophobicity, good vapor conductivity, and resistance to many chemicals, bacterial and fungal infection.

Glass wool - its characteristics are approximately similar to those of basalt wool.

Expanded clay is also an environmentally friendly and fire-resistant material, less convenient to use, but much cheaper than other insulation materials.

It is also useful to say regarding the installation of thermal insulation that it is easier and more productive to insulate a sauna during its construction, rather than carrying out additional work to insulate an already finished and not fully insulated room.

Let's consider the insulation of a sauna, so to speak, from the bottom up.

Floor insulation

In order to insulate the floor in the sauna, it is made double, as in an ordinary wooden house, with bottom side The logs are nailed to a subfloor made of low-grade boards, and insulation mats are laid on it.

If the room is already ready, and the floor needs to be insulated without opening or re-lining it, bars are nailed onto the finished floor at a certain pitch, and insulation is laid between them. Another layer of boards is laid on top. They should be smoothly planed, especially if it is not intended to use another coating on top of the plank layer. It’s not bad if the floor level in the sauna can be arranged higher than in neighboring rooms.

Insulation of sauna walls

To insulate the walls of the sauna, it is planned to construct a double frame along the street walls, and a single frame for the thermal insulation of the walls located indoors. Before carrying out insulation work, it is necessary to carry out electrical wiring, since making holes in finished insulated walls with mineral wool inside is a dubious pleasure, and the quality of such work may not meet the standards. A fire suppression system may also be installed at this stage, as well as plumbing fixtures. Before insulation is carried out, ventilation must be installed on the walls.

When constructing a frame, the determining value for choosing the size of the distance between the bars should be the width of the insulating mats. Foil is secured to the walls with staples, and the joints between the strips are taped with foil tape.

Next, bars with a cross section of 40x50 or 50x50 mm are nailed vertically; for a double frame, their thickness should be twice as large, and insulation is mounted between them. It is necessary to provide for attaching the insulation to the wall over its entire area in order to avoid its subsidence and deterioration of the thermal insulation qualities.

After this, another layer of foil is mounted, also with sealed seams. A horizontal sheathing of timber with a cross-section of 20x40 mm is made on top of the foil, and sheathing made of clapboard or similar material is attached to it. The gap between the foil and the sheathing makes it possible to ventilate the space inside the wall. We should not forget about insulating the door, otherwise all the heat will simply escape, in the literal sense of the word, and not only the door, but also the gap between the jamb and the door is carefully insulated. As part of measures to insulate the door, a high threshold (up to 20 cm) is installed, which prevents cold air from getting inside.

Ceiling insulation

The next stage of sauna thermal insulation is insulating its ceiling. The technology for thermal insulation on the ceiling is also somewhat different from the thermal insulation of the bathhouse ceiling.

The ceiling in a sauna is usually insulated from the inside. If a material is used for thermal insulation of the ceiling, where one of the surfaces is equipped with a foil coating, then it is installed with foil inside the room. You should also pay attention to the need for ventilation ceiling covering, as well as for the tightness of joints between layers of material.

If a material such as mineral wool is chosen as a heat insulator, without any additional options, then foil should be used.

In general, the installation procedure is as follows: first, a tongue-and-groove board is nailed, then there is a layer of vapor barrier, insulation (mineral wool, basalt wool), and waterproofing. It is possible to use expanded clay as insulation; then it should be poured on top of the ceiling, if this is technically possible. The layer of thermal insulation material on the ceiling should be at least 20% greater than on the floor or walls.

If all the work is carried out correctly, and the sauna is well insulated in all directions, then warming up in such a sauna will be much more pleasant, it will retain the heat much longer, and its service life will also significantly increase.

Insulating a sauna from the inside: materials, stages, features

Insulation in a sauna is carried out by using natural materials, such as basalt wool or other mineral insulation materials; foil insulating materials are good for saunas.

How to make thermal insulation for baths and saunas

The construction of baths and saunas requires not only the construction of the structure of the building, but also its complete insulation. Thermal insulation of such premises is carried out in order to speed up the heating of the bath or sauna, in order to avoid heat loss during bath procedures.

The thermal insulation process includes insulating the room special materials and carrying out vapor barrier. The vapor barrier stage is very important for the final result. If it is neglected, a process of accumulation will occur in insulation material steam, which will reduce the insulating qualities of the material. And subsequently it will lead to the need complete replacement insulation due to loss of necessary thermal insulation functions.

Insulation materials for baths and saunas

There are currently many materials that can be used to insulate saunas and baths on the construction market. Insulation for baths and saunas can be used classic and long-known to everyone - fiberglass, polystyrene foam, basalt or mineral wool, wood insulation. It is also possible to use insulation for saunas and baths of a new generation, such as foil penotherm. All these materials can be used for indoor insulation, so the consumer has plenty to choose from.

Choosing suitable material, you need to take into account a number of rules that facilitate the selection process.

According to experts, according to all the above parameters, it is best suited foil material. Insulation with this material saves time and money on vapor barrier, which is not necessary.

What insulation for the ceiling should I use?

The steam room must be insulated with materials that do not react negatively to high temperatures. This factor must be taken into account, since the hottest air accumulates under the ceiling. Thus, extruded polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam should absolutely not be used for ceiling insulation. This insulation reacts normally to temperatures in the range of sixty to seventy degrees, so it is suitable for a relaxation room in a sauna or bathhouse.

Basalt or mineral wool- this is exactly the insulation that can ideally perform its tasks as insulation for the ceiling of a steam room. The colder the winter period in the latitudes where the bathhouse is located, the thicker the insulation layer should be. For example, for the ceiling of a bathhouse or sauna in central Russia, the thickness of mineral wool should correspond to one hundred and fifty to two hundred millimeters.

High-quality thermal insulation for baths and saunas done in order, indicated below (the order of the laid layers is indicated from bottom to top):

Plywood, moisture resistant drywall or OSB.
A gap of two to four centimeters is created using the sheathing. This gap is necessary for proper air circulation, which provides vapor barrier and ventilation.
The next layer must be laid with a material that has vapor barrier properties. For this purpose, you can use foil film. The vapor barrier must be attached to the bottom of the floor beams. Moreover, the joints must be glued with a special tape, which, like the main material used, has vapor barrier properties. This must be done to completely seal the structure. If such a tape was not purchased, then the laying pattern changes. For example, foil film then needs to be laid overlapping, going top layer on the bottom layer of at least three centimeters.
Next, a layer of insulation is laid between the bars - this is mineral wool fifty millimeters thick.
The next layer is wood flooring.
Another layer of insulation, but thicker. Mineral wool should be laid one hundred millimeters thick.

Insulation for sauna or bathhouse floors

Insulation materials for a sauna or bathhouse, which are used to insulate the foundation, are, as a rule, expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. This insulation is used to sheathe the above-ground part of the foundation of the structure. In the underground part of the room, you need to insulate the structure using expanded clay, which must be poured in a layer twice the thickness of the insulated wall.

When choosing floor insulation for saunas and baths, you need to start from the material that was used for its construction. If the floor in the bathhouse is concrete, then expanded clay mixed into the concrete will help with insulation. Thermal insulation wooden floor depends on how it was laid, with solid flooring or with ventilation. Ventilated floors are insulated with foam plastic and its crumbs. Solid floors are insulated with mineral wool plus waterproofing material. For example, in middle lane Russia should be lined with a layer of mineral wool of two hundred millimeters.

Insulation for walls of baths and saunas

When choosing thermal insulation material For the walls of saunas and baths, the same rules are used. For the steam room, it is advisable to use natural materials that can withstand elevated temperatures. Other rooms of baths and saunas are not limited by any parameters required for insulation.

Just like the rest of the premises, insulating the walls is necessary complete sealing joints of insulation using a special tape or laying the material overlapping.

The order of wall insulation (laying layers from the inside/outside):

If all thermal insulation conditions have been met correctly, taking into account the thickness of the materials and high-quality insulation, then a bath or sauna will heat up quickly and keep the accumulated temperature in the room for a long time.

Lack of insulation in structures such as baths and saunas leads to the fact that steam gets between the internal and exterior decoration, causing the processes of mold and rotting. All this leads to the need to repeatedly carry out repairs. Finishing work. Therefore, the thermal insulation process is so necessary, even without it maintenance costs bath and sauna complex will increase significantly.

What should high-quality thermal insulation be like for baths and saunas?

What insulating materials are used for baths and saunas. How to properly carry out the process of thermal insulation of the ceiling, floor, and walls of the insulated room.

The quality of the steam room depends on many factors. One of the main ones is the ability to retain heat. This needs to be taken care of during the construction and installation of the furnace. But this does not always work out, and over time, for various reasons, the sauna room may lose its heat-saving properties. However, it is not difficult to correct the situation. For this purpose, there are thermal insulation materials specially designed for saunas and baths.

Most popular sauna stoves Traditional wood-burning heaters still remain. But today it's not the only one possible variant. Many owners choose electric stoves because of their ease of use and the ability to regulate temperature and humidity. Another modern solution – gas ovens: kindling does not require special skills, and the result does not depend on the quality of the firewood. But for safety reasons, only specialists should install such a stove.

Unlike a sauna, the stones in a sauna lie outside and not inside the stove. The climate created in the steam room depends on the number of stones in the stove: how less stones, the faster the stove warms up and the drier the sauna. But no matter which oven you choose, the main requirements for it are safety and reliability. This is especially true for electric furnaces: overly powerful devices will require special additional electrical equipment, and low-quality ones can be a potential fire hazard.

Tip No. 2: consider the requirements for thermal insulation materials

If the thermal insulation technology is broken or unsuitable materials are used, the steam room will take much longer to warm up and then quickly lose heat. Eliminating errors in thermal insulation can result in an almost complete reconstruction of the room. There are a number of requirements for thermal insulation materials for sauna and steam room:

Effective thermal insulation properties: The hotter the sauna is, the higher the temperature difference between the steam room and other rooms. This means that heat loss will be very rapid and significant, and high-quality insulating material must be in the path of the air flow.

Non-flammable insulation: high temperatures in the steam room are serious fire danger, which can be reduced by fire-resistant thermal insulation materials.

Moisture resistance: High humidity in a bath or sauna can quickly damage the structure of low-quality insulation and reduce its properties.
Biostability: that is, the resistance of the insulation to damage by fungi and bacteria that can form in a humid environment.
Environmental friendliness: All materials for the construction of a sauna, including insulation, should not emit harmful substances during operation.

Tip #3: choose insulation that suits the sauna conditions

By chemical composition insulation materials can be divided into two groups: organic and inorganic. The former are used less and less in the construction of saunas and baths: they cannot withstand high temperatures and are subject to thermal destruction, change their properties at high temperatures and are easily flammable. There are a number of materials that it is better not to use for insulating baths and saunas:

Expanded polystyrene: products made from it have an operating temperature of only -50°C to +75°C.
Extruded polystyrene foam: is always flammable and changes the flammability group from G1 (lowly flammable) to G4 (highly flammable).
Glass wool: has a short service life in a humid environment.
Polystyrene, polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam and others foam materials: when heated, they can release harmful substances, and their flammability characteristics do not correspond to steam room conditions.

Stone wool can be a good alternative as insulation. Its fibrous structure determines excellent thermal insulation properties. Unlike polystyrene foam, it is not just non-flammable, but fire-resistant and can withstand temperatures up to +1000ºС. In addition, stone wool is environmentally friendly and safe material made from natural stone. It is resistant to moisture, does not rot and is not a breeding ground for rodents and insects. Today on the market there are types of stone wool specially designed for insulating saunas and baths.

Another advantage of stone wool insulation is that its installation is simple and does not require special skills. Here are a few guidelines to follow to achieve maximum effect:

When insulating a room, start from the ceiling. Wooden guides with a pitch of 590 mm “in the clear” are nailed to it, into which stone wool slabs are placed, fastened by surprise. No mechanical fastening is required. It is important to take into account that the insulation boards are placed in a foil layer inside the steam room.
Install the frame. To insulate the outdoor walls of the sauna, you need a double frame, and for the interior walls, a single frame. When insulating interior wall It is enough to install slabs with a thickness of 50 mm for the room. For a wall facing the street, it is necessary to use a material with a thickness of at least 100 mm or a combination of 50 mm and 50 mm materials.
Seal the seams between the boards. The slabs are mounted end-to-end, with the seams of the foil covering sealed with metallized self-adhesive tape. You can make your task easier by using aluminum adhesive tape, designed specifically for use in baths and saunas. By reliably sealing the joints between the slabs, it significantly increases the vapor barrier properties of the insulation.
Install the sheathing. It is needed to protect stone wool from contact with drops of moisture collecting on the foil. It is installed between the thermal insulation and external finishing to ensure an air gap of 10–15 mm.
Insulate the chimney. Thermal insulation material is subjected to severe stress under conditions of prolonged high temperature exposure. The price of a mistake can be a fire. Stone wool completely eliminates the risk of fire. In addition, there are special types created for thermal insulation of fireplaces and chimneys.

The floor in the sauna can be made in two ways: wooden on logs with sheathing or concrete with tiles on the ground. In the first case, stone wool slabs are laid in the frame between the joists, and then waterproofing is performed. Rolls of waterproofing are mounted with an overlap at the joints of the plates, and the seams themselves are additionally taped. Next, a wooden flooring is laid, on top of which the finishing floor is laid.

For concrete floors, a different technology is used. First of all, rigid stone wool slabs are installed and provided with waterproofing. Then a concrete screed is laid on it, onto which the tiles are glued. In both cases, you need to remember that ensuring rapid drainage of water from the sauna is one of the most important requirements for the flooring of such a room, so the floor should be slightly inclined towards the drain hole.

One of the main stages in the construction of a sauna is its insulation. With high-quality thermal insulation, the sauna will heat up faster and long time keep warm. Thanks to modern technologies You can do the insulation of any sauna from the inside with your own hands. It is important to choose the right materials and strictly follow the procedure for laying them.

Material selection

Until recently, insulation was organic materials: tow, moss, felt. But today they are replaced by modern heat and waterproofing materials. Considering that in the sauna high temperature and humidity, materials must be heat-resistant and durable. It is preferable to choose natural, environmentally friendly ones that do not emit foreign odors and harmful substances. An important condition for choosing materials is affordable price and ease of installation.

Minvata

Mineral wool is most widely used for thermal insulation. It has low thermal conductivity, is fire-resistant, and does not lose properties over a wide temperature range (from -100°C to +1000°C). However, mineral wool easily absorbs water, so it requires good hydro- and vapor barrier.

Aluminum foil is used as a hydro- and vapor barrier for the ceiling and walls. It protects the insulation layer from moisture. Thanks to its reflective ability, it retains heat indoors, creating the effect of a thermos. After covering with foil, the sauna will warm up faster and retain heat longer. minimum costs energy.

Often insulation involves laying glassine. It has good water-repellent properties, protects walls from condensation, and performs the function of hydro- and vapor barrier. This is an environmentally friendly non-toxic material.

There are also ready-made multilayer insulation separately for ceiling, walls and floor. They are already equipped with foil, mineral insulation and a waterproof membrane. Using such products is very convenient, but it is much cheaper to lay all the layers one by one with your own hands.

Walls

If the building frame is made of bricks or blocks, glassine is laid on the walls. It has good water-repellent properties and functions as a vapor barrier. Laid overlapping, secured wooden slats. Instead of glassine, you can use bitumen paper BUB-120. It has similar properties, but is a little lighter and thinner. If the frame of the building is wooden, then it will be sufficient to thoroughly insulate only the steam room of the sauna from the inside.

We offer a video about insulating sauna walls using:

First of all, a vertical frame made of beams with a section of 50x50 mm or 40x60 mm is attached to the walls. Insulation - mineral wool slabs - is placed in the formed frame. The beams should protrude slightly above the slabs, forming an air gap. Foil is fixed over the insulation.

It is laid overlapping, and the seams are sealed with foil tape. Next, the horizontal sheathing is mounted: section 30x40 mm, pitch 400 mm. It is easy to make with your own hands.

The final stage is covering the walls and ceiling from the inside. finishing materials. The best option- use of lining, it has a pleasant color, natural woody smell. When choosing a tree for cladding a steam room, it is better to choose linden or aspen. These rocks have low thermal conductivity and warp less.

Ceilings

Since hot air accumulates near the surface of the ceiling, it should be insulated more thoroughly than walls. Usually the ceiling is hemmed with a board, and a frame of beams is mounted on top of it. The inside of the frame is filled with a layer of mineral wool. It is advisable to use a thicker layer than when insulating walls.

Mineral wool slabs are laid close to each other. They can be secured with special hooks or with retaining slats. Then a layer of foil is glued on. It is better to wrap its edges on the walls to avoid the formation of cracks; the joints are taped with foil tape. Planks are placed on top to which the facing materials will be attached.

Floors

At the first stage, it is necessary to lay the rough plank flooring. Mineral wool is laid on top of such a flooring, protected from moisture by special membranes or a pre-provided vapor barrier layer. Filled from above cement-sand screed with a slope of several degrees for sewage drainage. Then the floor itself is laid. The floor covering is chosen arbitrarily, most often from tiles or planks.

In order to save money from the inside, you can produce according to a simplified scheme, choose cheaper materials, and limit yourself only to hydro- or vapor barrier. But if the technology is followed, you will be able to solve many problems:

increase the service life of the furnace;
reduce the average sauna heating time;
achieve a comfortable microclimate;
reduce heat loss;
reduce fuel or electricity costs;
increase the service life of the sauna.

Work done with your own hands is valued much more than paid work. And the time spent in such a sauna will bring more pleasure.

External or internal insulation baths are a must. This reduces fuel consumption and slows down the cooling process of indoor air. If the structure is not insulated, then heat the steam room until desired temperature it will take several times longer.

We insulate the bathhouse with our own hands

Before constructing a building, it is necessary to calculate the means and forces for thermal insulation. It is best if the insulation process begins during construction, more precisely, from laying the foundation.

Basic requirements for materials for bath insulation

Cheap solutions (impregnations, septic tanks) will not fulfill the role of good thermal insulation. Of course, protection from moisture is necessary in any case, but this is a separate task. It is necessary to insulate the bathhouse premises separately, using materials specially created for this purpose. Most attention is usually paid to the inside of the washroom and steam room. The selection of insulation and thermal insulation is done taking into account the rough construction material.

One of the most important requirements for insulation materials is non-toxicity. Because in a bathhouse under the influence of temperatures, toxic materials can easily cause poisoning. Non-hygroscopicity is also important; insulation should under no circumstances absorb moisture.

http://kakpravilnosdelat.ru/kak-uteplit-banyu/

When choosing a specific material, you need to rely on the following characteristics:

resistance to steam and high temperatures;
good fire-fighting properties;
environmental friendliness;
low hygroscopicity;
ability to maintain shape for a long period.

Types of insulation for baths

All insulation materials presented on the construction markets are divided into three conditional groups:

Of course, 50–60 years ago they used only natural materials that were brought from nearby forests. This is foam, tow or moss. Today these are already partly elite types of insulation; they cost serious money due to the need to collect them manually. Many fans of natural materials insulate their buildings with rolled jute felt or tow. This material can be purchased at construction stores. When it comes to moss, there are conflicting opinions regarding its use. They say that moss is not an ideal material for insulation because it encourages the growth of mold or fungi. However, the moss itself does not have such properties; most likely, the fungus is formed due to improper cutting wooden structure or poor ventilation.

How to work with different types of buildings

Installation procedure and required volume work depends on the material from which the bathhouse is built.

Insulation of log houses

When working with timber or logs, you need to take into account the drying time, which can be 10 cm or more. Plus, cracks form between the crowns of such buildings, and cold air blows into them. It is best to insulate a log house made of round timber or an assembly of timber with jute fiber.

This material does not rot and has excellent thermal conductivity. Jute itself is a very fragile material, so manufacturers try to add flax fibers to it. But if you already have crumbly material, you can perform classic caulking. It will be so less work, and the building will probably retain more heat.

If you decide to create a bathhouse from wood, then the insulation is laid during construction. It is better to isolate all problematic parts of the log house in the process.

The work is performed in the following sequence:

Insulation of buildings made of brick or foam blocks

If log houses are insulated using a primitive method, then you will have to work hard with the masonry. And there are more financial investments specifically for working with insulation. Additional thermal insulation is necessary, otherwise a well-heated room will cool down within hours. It’s better to work and invest in materials than to stock up on fuel the rest of the time.

A common and proven method is a suspended ventilated façade. The work process does not come from within, but from outside baths It is necessary to attach layers of insulation to the walls, and cover the top with siding or clapboard. In the gap between the layers, a space is formed filled with air, thanks to which condensation will not form on the walls and rotting and dampness will not follow.

The width of the frame for the ventilated facade is made larger than the thickness of the insulation, so an air gap is formed inside, preventing the formation of condensation

For a brick building, the following trick is often practiced: a steam room is made of wood inside the room. Brick absorbs heat for a very long time, so small room It’s easier to warm a steam room naturally if you use a small frame.

A 10x10 beam and sheathing are enough. The process of insulating such an improvised steam room inside a large bathhouse is simple:

You can make it even simpler: do not use timber, but instead immediately attach the insulation to the frame. In this case, an additional layer of waterproofing will be required.

Calculation and selection of materials and tools

We insulate all surfaces of the steam room, wash room and dressing room. And for this you will need:

Roll paper (for ceiling and walls).
Beam-rail (5x5, for installing insulation on the ceiling and walls).
Foil.
Insulating tape.
Self-tapping screws.
Aluminum adhesive tape.
Insulation calculated based on the area of walls, ceilings and floors.

Tools you will need:

screwdriver;
level and plumb.

Do-it-yourself insulation of a bathhouse

Any stages of insulation are always carried out according to the golden rule - start from the ceiling and end with the floors.

Ceiling insulation

Before you start working with the ceiling, you need to understand that in the steam room you need 2 times more material. After all, we are not working on a sauna, but on a Russian bathhouse, where the steam should linger as long as possible.

The technology is like this:

We cover the entire surface of the ceiling with overlapping roll paper.
We fix the bars on top of the paper, the insulation will already lie between them.
Cover it all with foil. It will become a normal, safe insulator. But it is necessary to install foil without saving. It is important that all connections are closed.
The foil layer reflects heat, so the use of such material for a bath is necessary
We seal all joints on the foil with aluminum tape. Typically, foil for insulation is included with the material.
We secure the edges and joints with several layers of adhesive tape. We check our work for leaks. If there is not enough money for such insulation, then the foil is sometimes replaced with cardboard or thick paper without paint.
Next, we install layers of insulation on the foil between the closed bars.
On the ceiling, it is better to lay insulation in two or three layers, overlapping the joints
We cover the front part of the ceiling with wood paneling. This material is resistant to elevated temperatures and will not resin.

For a frame bathhouse, it is necessary to put insulation on the ceiling and walls, but for timber and log baths you can do without it. For example, if a bathhouse is made of logs, it is enough to first sew up its ceiling with thick boards - at least 6 cm. Mineral wool is most suitable as insulation for the ceiling - you just need to lay it in a layer of at least 15 cm.

Video: insulation and finishing of the ceiling from the inside

Wall insulation

The best solution for wall insulation is a constructor made from materials that can be easily repaired or replaced.

The structure of the bathhouse wall insulation resembles the structure of a roofing pie

Video: insulation and foil upholstery of a steam room

Bathroom floor insulation

And finally, let's work on the floor. After all, a large amount of heated air usually leaves the room through it. Expanded clay is most often used as insulation for floors - it is an inexpensive and reliable insulation that prevents the formation of mold and condensation.

It’s cheaper, of course, to spill everything with slag, but expanded clay is more environmentally friendly and weighs less. When installing wooden floors the material is placed between the lags. If a concrete floor is poured, then expanded clay is laid between each concrete layer.

Let's look at the usual cycle of work on insulating a concrete floor.

Video: features of installing a concrete floor in a bathhouse

In addition to walls, floors and ceilings, they also pay attention to the insulation of doors, windows and window openings. They are being processed silicone sealants. External doors are usually insulated natural materials. And it’s not customary to save on them, otherwise in a few years, or even next season, you’ll have to redo everything.