Project work on literature on the topic: “Comparison of nature in the works of Tyutchev and Fet”
Prepared by a student of grade 10 “B”
Novokharitonovskaya school No. 10
Popikhina Anastasia.
Head: Svetlana Gennadievna Kozulitsyna, teacher of Russian language and literature
Project goals and objectives:
- Highlight the existing features of the poetics of Tyutchev and Fet.
- Determine the originality of the authors’ poetics.
- Develop analytical abilities.
- To cultivate the reader's aesthetic taste.
Introduction:
The nineteenth century generously endowed us with spiritual treasures. Among wonderful poets and the authors of this “golden age” a worthy place belongs to A.A. Fet and F.I. Tyutchev.
Over the years literary life Tyutchev became the largest representative of Russian philosophical poetry. Everything he experienced and changed his mind was embodied in his poems.
Fet's remarkable artistic talent was the essence of his essence, the soul of his soul. Already from childhood, he was “greedy for poetry” and experienced incomparable pleasure reading Pushkin.
A little biography...
Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803-1873).
He was born and spent his childhood on his father's estate in the Oryol province. At the age of 15 he entered Moscow University, graduated at the age of 17 and went to serve abroad. In 1836, Pushkin received a notebook with poems by an unknown poet, signed “F.T.” Pushkin really liked the poems and he published them in Sovremennik. Later, Nekrasovsky’s contemporary published a selection of Tyutchev’s poems and his name immediately became famous.
Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820-1892) .
Born in the village of Novoselki Mtsensk district Oryol province. 14 years after his birth, an unpleasant event occurred: an error was discovered in the birth record, which deprived him of his title of nobility. In 1837, Fet graduated from Krümmer's private boarding school in the city of Verro (Estonia). He wrote his first poems in his youth. Fet's poetry was published for the first time in the collection “Lyrical Pantheon”, after which it was published regularly. All his life Fet tried to regain his title and he succeeded only in 1873
Menu:
- Signs of the poetics of Tyutchev and Fet.
- The originality of the poetics of Afanasy Afanasyevich and Fyodor Ivanovich.
- Poems of Great Lyricists.
- Conclusion
Tyutchev and Fet entered literature as poets of “pure art”, expressing in their work a romantic understanding of the spiritual life of man and nature.
To further consider the features of the poetics of the two greatest poets, we need to introduce the concept of a lyrical hero.
Lyrical hero - this is the image of that hero in a lyrical work, whose experiences, thoughts and feelings are reflected in it.
“...The holy night has risen into the sky,
And a joyful day, a kind day,
She wove herself like a golden shroud,
A veil thrown over the abyss.
And, like a vision, the outside world left...
And the man is like a homeless orphan,
Now he stands weak and naked,
Face to face before the dark abyss..."
F.I. Tyutchev
“...The earth is like a vague, silent dream,
She flew away unknown
And I, as the first inhabitant of paradise,
One saw the night in the face.
Was I rushing towards the midnight abyss,
Or were the clouds of stars rushing towards me?
It seemed as if in a powerful hand
I am hanging over this abyss..."
A.A.Fet
The originality of F.I.’s poetics Tyutcheva
Tyutchev is a poet-philosopher. In his poems, he strives to understand nature by including it in the system philosophical views, turning it into part of your inner world. Tyutchev does not have “dead nature” - it is always full of continuous and eternal movement. Organic world Fyodor Ivanovich's work is always many-sided and varied. It is presented in constant dynamics, in transitional states: from winter to spring, from day to night:
“The gray shadows mixed,
The color faded, the sound fell asleep -
Life, movements resolved
Into the unsteady twilight, into the distant roar..."
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev - singer of the elements, that is, sustainable components nature. The peculiarity of Tyutchev’s nature is that it is not specific individuals who live and act in it, but super-personal forces and patterns. The “brightness” of autumn evenings and the “melody” of sea waves, the “fiery azure” of the sky and the “prophetic drowsiness of the forest” are pure manifestations of nature, isolated from a specific landscape and presented not only to the eye, but also to the mind.
“The sun is already a hot ball
The earth rolled off its head,
And peaceful evening fire
The sea wave swallowed me up.
The bright stars have already risen
And gravitating over us
The vault of heaven has been lifted
With your wet heads.
The river of air is fuller
Flows between heaven and earth,
The chest breathes easier and more freely,
Freed from the heat.
And a sweet thrill, like a stream,
Nature ran through my veins,
How hot are her legs?
The spring waters have touched.”
F.I. Tyutchev “Summer Evening”
The originality of the poetics of A.A. Feta
Unlike Tyutchev, Fet does not strive to “rise” above nature, to analyze it from the position of reason. It is important for him to capture moments. Fet’s nature is unusually humanized, it seems to dissolve in the feeling of the lyricist. The lyrical hero feels himself to be an organic part of it. He knows nothing of chaos, the abyss, or orphanhood. On the contrary, the beauty of nature infuses the soul with a feeling of completeness and joy of being.
The robins are ringing in the bushes,
And from the whitened apple trees of the garden
A sweet aroma flows.
Flowers look with longing in love,
Sinlessly pure, like spring,
Dropping with fragrant dust
The fruit has ruddy seeds.
Sister of flowers, friend of roses,
Look into my eyes,
Have life-giving dreams
And plant a song in your heart.”
A.A. Fet "Flowers"
There is in the initial autumn
A short but wonderful time -
Transparent air, crystal day,
And the evenings are radiant...
Where the cheerful sickle walked and the ear fell,
Now everything is empty, there is space everywhere, -
Only a web of thin hair
Glistens on the idle furrow...
The air is empty, the birds are no longer heard,
But the first winter storms are still far away.
And pure and warm azure flows
To the resting field...
F.I. Tyutchev
The forest has crumbled its peaks,
The garden has revealed its brow,
September is dead, dahlias
The breath of the night burned.
But in a breath of frost
Among the dead is one,
Only you alone, Queen Rose,
Fragrant and lush.
In spite of cruel trials
And the anger of the dying day
You are the outline and breath
In the spring you blow on me.
A.A. Fet
The earth still looks sad,
And the air already breathes in spring,
And a dead stem sways in the field,
And the spruce branches move.
Nature hasn't woken up yet,
On through thinning sleep
She heard spring
And she involuntarily smiled...
F.I.Tyutchev
The summer evening is calm and clear;
Look how the willows sleep;
The western sky is pale red,
And the rivers sparkle with their twists and turns.
Sliding from peaks to peaks,
The wind creeps through the forest heights.
Do you hear neighing in the valleys?
Then the herd rushes at a trot.
A.A.Fet
Conclusion:
So, we examined the image of nature in the works of two Russian poets such as F.I. Tyutchev and A.A. Fet. Both poets made nature one of the central themes in their work. Often, with the help of pictures of nature, these poets convey the state of the human soul. However, for Tyutchev, it is more typical to relate to nature from the position of reason, and for Fet, from the position of feeling. But it is undeniable that both poets are the greatest masters of landscape lyricism, and their work became decisive for many literary movements of Russian silver age.
interconnected. One cannot help but remember that Tyutchev and Fet deeply respected and valued each other. Tyutchev spoke highly of the poetic gift of his youngest
contemporary:
Beloved by the Great Mother,
Your destiny is a hundred times more enviable:
More than once under the visible shell
You saw it right away.
In turn, Fet deeply revered Tyutchev and saw in him a model of the creative spirit. In one of his messages to Tyutchev, Fet addresses him: “My beloved poet.” In the poem “On the Book of Tyutchev’s Poems” the author writes:
There is a powerful spirit of dominion here,
Here is a refined color of life.
This mutual sympathy between the poets has many reasons. Fet and Tyutchev professed the doctrine of “pure art,” which the democratically minded poets of the Nekrasov school argued with at that time. Nature occupies a large place in the work of both poets. Both poets are distinguished by an inner closeness to nature, harmony with it, and a subtle understanding of natural life.
Traditional for Russian literature is the identification of pictures of nature with a certain mood and state of the human soul. This technique of figurative parallelism was widely used by Zhukovsky, Pushkin and Lermontov. Fet and Tyutchev continue this tradition in their poems. Thus, Tyutchev in the poem “Autumn Evening” compares fading nature with exhausted human soul. The poet managed to convey with amazing accuracy the painful beauty of autumn, causing both admiration and sadness. Particularly characteristic of Tyutchev are his bold, but always true epithets: “the ominous brilliance and variegation of the trees,” “the sadly orphaned earth.” And in human feelings the poet finds a correspondence to the mood that reigns in nature:
Damaged, exhausted - and on everything
That gentle smile of fading,
What in a rational being we call
Divine modesty of suffering.
This poem clearly echoes Pushkin’s “Autumn”, where “ sad time” is compared to a “consumptive maiden,” meek and beautiful in her illness.
We also find the technique of figurative parallelism in Fet. Moreover, most often Fet uses this technique in a hidden form, relying primarily on associative connections, and not on an open comparison of nature and the human soul. An example is the poem “ Bright sun A fire is burning in the forest!..” First of all, this is, of course, a masterpiece of Fet’s “impressionistic” lyrics. The spruce forest in the poem staggers, reminding the poet of “a crowded choir of drunken giants.” Of course, in reality the spruce trees stand motionless, but the poet manages to accurately convey how they appear in the uncertain glow of the fire. The poem uses a “ring” composition: it begins and ends with the image of a burning fire. Many details of the poem are symbolic, and this allows us to see some hidden meaning in the description of the fire, which fades during the day and flares up at night. Indeed, what kind of fire is this, in the light of which even the trees come to life, the warmth of which penetrates “to the bones and to the heart,” driving away all everyday worries? Isn’t this a symbol of the fire of creativity, which even under the yoke of everyday life “will glow sparingly, lazily” in the poet’s soul?
The technique of figurative parallelism is used very interestingly in another poem by Fet “Whisper, timid breathing..." Here the poet depicts a love date, which seems to be intertwined with pictures of a night garden, nightingale trills and a flaring dawn. Nature in the poem appears as a participant in the life of lovers, it helps to understand their feelings and gives them a special poetry and mystery.
Along with the figurative parallelism in the depiction of nature, Fet and Tyutchev are also related by the common motifs of natural elements. This is primarily a description of the stars, sea and fire. For Tyutchev and Fet, the image of the starry sky most clearly reveals the mysterious power of nature, its greatness and strength. Therefore, in Tyutchev we read the following lines:
The vault of heaven, burning with the glory of the stars,
Looks mysteriously from the depths...
And the choir shone, lively and friendly,
Spread all around, trembling.
This is not the only example of such a roll call of motives. We find an understanding of nature as a powerful force, as a community of elements, in both Tyutchev and Fet. Among the recurring motifs one can highlight the conversation about the sea and water. Everyone knows Tyutchev’s lines:
How good you are, O night sea!
Sometimes it’s radiant, sometimes it’s dark and bluish...
Fet has one of his books of poems also dedicated to the sea. However, for Fet, water remained an “alien element,” while for Tyutchev, water is one of his favorite motifs. It was in this element that the poet saw the beginning and end of the world, “the dark root of world existence.” This motif permeates almost all of Tyutchev’s poems.
And finally, along with common techniques and motives, poets are united by a similar attitude towards nature in general. For Tyutchev and Fet, nature is the bearer of the highest wisdom, harmony and beauty. It is to her that a person should turn to in difficult times, to seek inspiration and support from her. Tyutchev calls nature “Great Mother”. The same comparison appears in another of his poems, where the poet exclaims:
Not what you think, nature:
Not a cast, not a thoughtless face -
She has a soul, she has freedom,
It has love, it has language...
In turn, Fet in his poem “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch ...” suggests looking for examples to follow in nature itself, in its ability to endlessly be reborn to a new life.
However, there is a deep difference in the depiction of nature between Tyutchev and Fet. It is determined primarily by the difference in the poetic temperament of these authors.
Tyutchev is a poet-philosopher. It is with his name that the current of philosophical romanticism, which came to Russia from German literature, is associated. And in his poems, Tyutchev strives to understand nature, including it in the system of his philosophical views, turning it into part of his inner world. Perhaps this desire to fit nature into the framework of human consciousness is dictated by Tyutchev’s passion for personifications. Let us at least recall the famous poem “Spring Waters,” where streams “run and shine and shout.” Sometimes this desire to “humanize” nature leads the poet to pagan, mythological images. Thus, in the poem “Noon,” the description of dormant nature, exhausted by the heat, ends with the mention of the god Pan. And in the poem “Spring Thunderstorm,” a brilliant, joyful picture of the awakening of the forces of nature is crowned with the following lines:
You will say: windy Hebe,
Feeding Zeus's eagle,
A thunderous goblet from the sky,
Laughing, she spilled it on the ground.
However, the desire to understand and comprehend nature only leads to the fact that the poet feels cut off from it. That is why in many of Tyutchev’s poems, especially of the late period, the desire to dissolve in nature, to “merge with the infinite” sounds so clearly. In the poem “How good are you, O night sea...” we read:
In this excitement, in this merging,
All as if in a dream, I stand lost -
Oh, how willingly I would be in their charm
I would drown my entire soul...
In the earlier poem “Grey Shadows” this desire comes out even more clearly.
Thus, an attempt to unravel the mystery of nature leads the curious to death. The poet writes about this bitterly in one of his quatrains:
Nature - Sphinx. And the more faithful she is
His temptation destroys a person,
What may happen, no longer
There is no riddle and she never had one.
Towards the end of his life, Tyutchev realizes that man is “only a dream of nature.” He sees nature as an “all-consuming and peaceful abyss,” which inspires the poet not only fear, but almost hatred. His mind has no power over her, “a powerful spirit dominates.”
This is how the image of nature changes in Tyutchev’s consciousness and creativity throughout his life. The relationship between the poet and nature increasingly resembles a “fatal duel.” But this is exactly how Tyutchev himself defined true love.
Fet has a completely different relationship with nature. He does not strive to “rise” above nature, to analyze it from the standpoint of reason. Fet feels like an organic part of nature. His poems convey a sensual, emotional perception of the world. Chernyshevsky wrote about Fet’s poems that a horse could write them if it learned to write poetry. In fact, it is the immediacy of impressions that distinguishes Fet’s work. He often compares himself in verses to “the first inhabitant of paradise,” “the first Jew on the border of the promised land.” This self-awareness of a “discoverer of nature,” by the way, is often characteristic of Tolstoy’s heroes, with whom Fet was friends. Let us recall, for example, Prince Andrei, who perceives the birch as “a tree with a white trunk and green leaves.” In Fet’s poem “Spring Rain” we read:
And something came to the garden,
Drumming on fresh leaves.
This “something,” of course, is rain, but for Fet it is more organic to call it just such an indefinite pronoun. Tyutchev, perhaps, could not afford this. For Fet, nature is indeed the natural environment for life and creativity. The creative impulse comes to him along with the awakening of nature. In the poem “I came to you with greetings,” the unity of those forces that encourage the birds to sing and the poet to create is especially clearly felt:
...From Everywhere
It blows over me with joy,
That I don’t know myself that I will
Sing - but only the song is ripening.
We do not know such a lyrical spring feeling of nature in all Russian poetry!” - critic Vasily Botkin said about this poem. Perhaps this statement can be applied to all of Fet’s poetry.
So, we looked at the depiction of nature in the works of such two major Russian poets as Tyutchev and Fet. Being close to the ideology of “pure art,” both poets made nature one of the central themes in their work. For Tyutchev and Fet, nature is a powerful force, the bearer of some higher wisdom. Their poems repeat common motifs of natural elements: stars, sky, sea, fire, dawn, and so on. Often, with the help of pictures of nature, these poets convey the state of the human soul. However, for Tyutchev it is more typical to relate to nature from the position of reason, and for Fet - from the position of feeling. But it is undeniable that both poets are the greatest masters of landscape lyricism, and their work became decisive for many literary movements of the Russian Silver Age. Without Fet, the appearance of Blok and Mandelstam in Russian literature would hardly have been possible. Tyutchev became a kind of “teacher” of Russian symbolists. This is how the tradition of landscape lyricism, coming from Zhukovsky and Pushkin, has been refracted in a unique way over the century.
The lyrics of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet and Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev belong to the best pages of Russian poetry. These poets showed us examples of the purest and highest lyricism and the intensity of love passions. In their works they wrote about what worried them, what they experienced. The main themes of their poems are love, beauty, life and death.
The most powerful poems of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev are poems about love. All his life he experienced strong passions, fell in love passionately, but his love was tragic. IN early work love is a very joyful and bright feeling, it inspires the poet. But over time, love becomes tragic, the lyrical hero suffers and suffers. This is how the poet himself viewed love.
One of Tyutchev's most famous works about love is the Denisevsky Cycle. It is dedicated to the poet’s strongest and greatest love - E.A. Deniseva. The poet calls his beloved an unsolved mystery; he says that “living charm breathes in her.” He is trying to unravel this mystery: “Is it earthly charm or unearthly grace?” This great love was tragic - Denisyeva died, and the poet himself is largely to blame for this. Suffering and tormenting, he writes the famous lines:
Oh, how murderously we love,
As in the violent blindness of passions
We are most likely to destroy,
What is dear to our hearts!
Then he fell in love with women, but until his death he could not forget about her. The deceased beloved remained for him “a lifeless idol of the living soul,” and readers received many beautiful poems.
Tyutchev’s love for a woman is connected with love for his homeland and nature. Tyutchev perceives Russia as a woman, he also loves her passionately. In poems about the Motherland we hear pride, pain, bitterness, and faith. Tyutchev was sure that foreigners could not understand the “native land of long-suffering”, that he did not open his soul to everyone. Thus were born the lines that every Russian knows from childhood:
You can't understand Russia with your mind.
The general arshin cannot be measured:
She's going to be special
You can only believe in Russia.
It’s amazing how Tyutchev penetrated into the very essence of Russia! Yes, only a Russian could write such lines! All of Tyutchev’s poems about the Motherland are imbued with love and tenderness for his country. They teach us to love our land, our Fatherland, help us understand the beauty of the Russian language, and feel pride in our Russian people. This is why I love reading Tyutchev’s poems.
Afanasy also wrote about love for a woman and love for the Motherland. He, like Tyutchev, had a huge and tragic love of his whole life. This happened when the poet was still very young. Then he was on military service in the Kherson region, where he met a poor girl, Maria Lazich. They fell in love, but could not get married. Fet was the illegitimate son of a nobleman, so he had to earn his own living. Due to the inability to be with Fetom Lazic committed suicide. This shocked the poet, and he loved her all his life. Fet always remembered his deceased beloved and always wrote poems about her.
And even life without you
I'm destined to drag out
But we are together with you
We cannot be separated.
After her death, the poet vowed: “I will carry your light through earthly life.” And he, indeed, was faithful to this oath. He saw Maria Lazic in all the women. At the end of his life he wrote:
Will another beauty flash for a moment,
It seems to me that I’m about to recognize you;
And I hear a breath of former tenderness,
And, shuddering, I sing.
A. Fet lived a difficult and dramatic life, but this did not devastate him. He found solace in nature, so he landscape lyrics full of light, purity, harmony. The poet does not leave the world; he understands perfectly how hard it is for people to live, how hard it is to lose loved ones. With his poems he supports such people. Fet is not afraid of either life or death. His works are very picturesque and musical. Many composers composed music for his poems.
I love Fet’s poems for their lyricism, harmony, and some special light. Now Fet cannot be called a popular poet, but his lyrics can tell a lot and make the modern reader feel a lot.
His poems, invariably stylistically perfect, often manifest a desire to comprehend space and time. The homeland also occupies an important place in his work. Thus, the collection of 1850 opens with the poem “I am Russian,” which describes the harsh but beautiful nature of the North:
I'm Russian, I love the silence given to the nasty,
Under the canopy of snow, monotonous death,
Forests under the caps or in gray frost
Yes, the river is ringing under the dark blue ice.
The poem “Whisper, timid breathing...” is curious. There are absolutely no verbs in it, it is written only in nominal sentences, but it paints a complete picture:
Whisper, timid breathing,
The trill of a nightingale,
Silver and blaze
Sleepy stream.
Fet's poems about nature and Russia achieve special sophistication; they are elegant and musical. Elegantly musical.
The rye is ripening over the hot fields,
And from the field to the field
The whimsical wind blows
Golden shimmers.
The poet literally feels what phonetic and rhythmic techniques should be used in a particular topic.
The garden is all in bloom
Evening on fire
I feel so refreshingly happy!
Here I stand
Here I go.
I'm waiting for a mysterious speech.
Syntactic parallelisms, alternation of long lines - the form serves the content impeccably. In a few lines he is able to create a multifaceted picture with a transition to an incomprehensible future.
The good nanny is guessing
Bowing my head sadly,
The candle burns out quietly.
My heart is beating...
Fet's poems were often used by composers. It would be strange if it were otherwise - his poetry is permeated through and through with musical cores. As soon as the poet wishes, a corresponding melody sounds in them: the rustling of branches and the murmur of a stream, a night lake reflecting
the moon, fluffy willow, birds flying...
Can you hear the angular herd rustling above?
They fly screaming across the dock to the warm fields,
The yellow ones are noisy, strength whistles in the birch forest,
You say that we will wait for a warm spring again...
Fet believed that the purpose of a poet is “to embody the unembodied.” He understood that the poet sees what is inaccessible to an ordinary person, sees as a common person can't do it without prompting. Where the first sees grass, the poet contemplates diamonds. Only a poet is able to embody in words spring, autumn, wind, sunset, hope, faith, love. Or see the soul in the violin...
I'm waiting... the nightingale's echo
Rushing from the shining river,
Grass under the moon in diamonds,
Fireflies are burning on caraway seeds...
The willow is all fluffy
Spread out all around;
It's fragrant spring again
She blew her wing...
A lonely light in the distance
The sticky trees tremble under the darkness;
Filled with cruel mystery
The soul of dying violins...
Oddly enough, most people know romances based on the words of Afanasy Fet, but do not know the author of the words. Sing: “At dawn, don’t wake her up, at dawn she sleeps so sweetly...” - and anyone will continue: “... The morning breathes on her chest, shines brightly on the pits of her cheeks.”
It is not at all necessary that everyone admire the image of the morning breathing on the girl’s chest. It is not at all required that everyone knows why the poet used anaphora “at dawn.” And perhaps it is not so important that, knowing Fet’s poems, not everyone knows that they are exactly Fet. “Double existence” always confused the poet, but he dreamed of the opportunity to “strengthen the battle of fearless hearts.” And he succeeded.
Give life a breath.
Give sweetness to secret torments,
You can instantly feel someone else’s as your own.
Whisper about something that makes your tongue go numb,
Strengthen the fight of fearless hearts
This is what only a select few singers possess,
This is his sign and crown!
"Motherland in the lyrics of A. Fet and F. Tyutchev"Kurbashnova T. N. , teacher of Russian language and literature
In the 9th grade, this was the first acquaintance with the works of A. Fet and F. Tyutchev. Therefore, it is important to convey to students the beauty and depth of their poems, how knowledge of the homeland occurs in the lyrics of Tyutchev and Fet; find out the featuresmelodious verse by A. Fet , philosophical verse by F. Tyutchev ; learn to understand the meaning of a poetic text. This is the first lesson on the lyrics of these poets, so it is reasonable to conduct it, in our opinion, brightly, unconventionally, so that students see the fullness of perception of the world and love for everything that surrounds us in the poems of these wonderful poets.
Before the lesson, students were tasked with getting acquainted with the biography and work of A. Fet and F. Tyutchev, reading and understanding the similarities and differences in the poems of the poets: A. Fet “I am shocked when all around // Forests are buzzing, thunder is roaring...” , “How tender you are, silver night...”, “Whisper, timid breathing...”, “For a long time I dreamed of the cries of your sobs...”, “The night shone. The garden was full of the moon..." and others; F. Tyutchev “Whatever life teaches us...”, The sun is shining, the waters are sparkling...”, “The gray shadows mixed...”, “Silence”, “Oh, how deadly we love...” and others.
Lesson equipment:
Portrait of A. Fet
Portrait of F. Tyutchev
Recordings of romances based on poems by F. Tyutchev and A. Fet.
Epigraphs for the lesson:
“A whole world of beauty..." A. Fet
“ Everything is in me and I am in everything...” F. Tyutchev
1.
The lesson begins with performanceromance based on poems by A. Fet “At dawn, don’t wake her up” (you can listen to the romance on a recording; in our lesson, it was performed by a student to the accompaniment of the music teacher).
Teacher's word. This wonderful romance based on the poems of the famous Russian poet A. Fet. Amazing poetry, amazing music...
Our lesson today is dedicated to the captivating poems of two of the most amazing poets of the 19th century - F.I. Tyutchev and A.A. Fet.
This is not the first meeting with them; you already know a lot about their fate and works. But today we will touch upon the complex world of their lyrics in order to understand even more deeply how these poets understand their homeland, Russia. Using the example of the poems of Tyutchev and Fet, we will try to see how, reflecting the world in its subtlest modulations, poets touch the secrets of the human soul, the soul of nature, showing love for life, and therefore love for their homeland.
- What, in your opinion, does love for one’s homeland consist of?
(Russian birch, spring thunderstorm, “cowardly little gray bunny,” a beloved woman who met along the way, and many other important and unimportant manifestations.
Love for the homeland is love for life, and love for life is co-creation with all living things. Love for a woman cannot arise without love for one's neighbor. And love for one’s neighbor does not exist without a sympathetic response to all manifestations of existence: be it a thunderstorm, the sun, grass, a river, a field mouse - and you never know what else.)
- So, you can say that “the whole world is full of beauty”?
A. Fet “The whole world is from beauty...”. (Bykov M.)
Every student has this poem on their desk.
A whole world of beauty
From big to small,
And you search in vain
Find its beginning.
What is a day or an age?
Before what is infinite?
Although man is not eternal,
That which is eternal is human -
A. Fet speaks in his poem, the lines from which I took as the epigraph for our lesson.
Teacher:
Read the poem again yourself and tell me how you understand its meaning? What phrase can be considered the key phrase? (“That which is eternal is human”).
-How do you explain it?
-What did the poet mean by the word “eternally”?
-Which artistic technique uses Fet in this poem? (Accepting antithesis using antonyms).
But today we are considering the lyrics of two poets who lived at the same time. This means that we need another look at the beauty of the world around us, the view of F. Tyutchev. Listen to his poem “The gray shadows mixed…”
(The poem is read by a trained student): Evgenia Shvetsova.
The gray shadows mixed,
The color faded, the sound fell asleep -
Life and movement resolved
Into the unsteady twilight, into the distant roar...
Moth flight invisible
Heard in the night air...
An hour of unspeakable melancholy!...
Everything is in me - and I am in everything!...
Quiet dusk, sleepy dusk,
Lean into the depths of my soul,
Quiet, dark, fragrant,
Fill it all up and calm it down.
Feelings are the haze of self-forgetfulness
Fill it over the edge!..
Give me a taste of destruction
Mix with the slumbering world!
Think about what this poem is about. How can you interpret it?
Tyutchev and Fet are often called singers of nature. But think about it, are they looking at nature separately or is it connected to something else?
(Tyutchev and Fet are singers of nature, but they do not consider it separately; for them the harmony of the human soul and nature, the interaction of nature with the human soul is important.)
Nature often makes the poet think and reflect on life. What are the names of poems in which the poet reflects on life and death, on man’s place in the world, on beauty and ugliness? (Philosophical lyrics )
(Before us is a poem about the soul at dusk and about the soul of twilight).
Which line from this poem reflects the theme of our lesson, which can be taken as an epigraph to the lesson? (“Everything is in me – and I am in everything.”
Explain it by connecting it with the first epigraph.
So, “the whole world is full of beauty”...A.A. Fet sees beauty in everything, especially in nature. He notices subtle movements of light and air, the slightest changes color range landscape and, choosing his colors, depicts his impressions, turning the momentary into the eternal. Isn't that what the poem is about?Whisper, timid breathing...", which is considered the poet’s “calling card”.
(A prepared student reads a poemA. Feta “Whisper, timid breathing...”) Glagoleva Luda
Whisper, timid breathing.
The trill of a nightingale,
Silver and sway
Sleepy stream.
Night light, night shadows,
Endless shadows
A series of magical changes
Sweet face
There are purple roses in the smoky clouds,
The reflection of amber
And kisses and tears,
And dawn, dawn!..
Teacher: What is special about this poem?
(There is no central image in the poem. Some vague outlines and unclear sounds.The poet conveys the uniqueness of what is happening . The whole poem is one big one difficult sentence, consisting of a chain of nouns. A poem in which there is not a single verb.
L.N. Tolstoy noted: “There is not a single verb in it. Every expression is a picture...”
Gradually, from the sounds, the breath of the night, the reflections of the stream, a “sweet face” appears in its “magical excitement-changes”).
What parts of speech are present? (noun, adj.)
This poem is filled with the thrill of life and movement, despite the fact that there really is not a single verb in it. The movement in it is not violent, sharp, impetuous, but hidden, barely noticeable. The nouns and adjectives in this poem, through the power of art, acquire the artistic qualities of verbs.)
This poem, like many other poems by A. Fet, is written in an impressionistic manner. What is impressionism?
(Student Post: Impressionism as an art movement comes from French word, meaning “impression.” Objects are not drawn in full and concrete terms, but in unexpected lighting, with some unexpected side how they appear to the artist).
(Note in notebooks: Impressionism in poetry is the depiction of objects not in their integrity, but as if in instantaneous and random snapshots of memory. An object is not so much depicted as recorded. Individual fragments of phenomena pass before us, but these “scraps” taken together form a complete and psychologically very reliable picture).
(Soundsromance in recordings for poetryA. Fet “Spring Waters”).
- “The whole world is full of beauty...” Can F. Tyutchev’s poetry be called impressionistic? (No, it is more philosophical than pictorial. The main thing in his lyrics is the understanding of life, nature, beauty. Thoughts about man, about the meaning of being, the individual’s focus on himself, the tragic pages of life and at the same time the optimism of its perception).
The poem is very typical in this regard“Silentium " (Reading a poem by a prepared student).
Fedor Tyutchev
Silentium!
1(silence)
Be silent, hide and hide,
And your feelings and dreams -
Let it be in the depths of your soul
They get up and go in
Silently, like stars in the night, -
Admire them - and be silent.
How can the heart express itself?
How can someone else understand you?
Will he understand what you live for?
A spoken thought is a lie -
Exploding, you will disturb the keys,
Feed on them - and be silent...
Just know how to live within yourself -
There is a whole world in your soul
Mysteriously magical thoughts -
They will be deafened by the outside noise,
Daylight rays will disperse -
Listen to their singing - and be silent!..
Explain the meaning of the poem. (The entire poem is an appeal to all of us, to each individually. The poet speaks about the “spiritual depth” living in “you”, i.e. us, where the “whole world” is contained. This world is mysterious and unique, and its It is truly impossible to fully, in all its diversity, either “express” or “understand" to another. But each of us can and should know about the existence of this world in every soul. Tyutchev says: “I know that in your spiritual depths there is such a “ a mysteriously magical "world that cannot be expressed, but I value it - as well as the world of my soul." That is why the word “be silent” sounds like a refrain at the end of each stanza. After all, values, beauty, if they cannot be fully understood, are not accessible callous souls, cruel hearts).
Indeed, beauty is not accessible to cruel hearts that do not know how to love and feel.
3. Lyrics of love.
What theme, in your opinion, is the main one in the work of both poets? (Love theme).
Yes, love is a source of enrichment of the soul, a way of connecting a person with the world, with all living things. “Everything is in me - and in everything...” There is love - that means there is a feeling of homeland. This adds a special feeling of beauty.
Is it possible to understand beauty, love, and put them into some kind of framework? (No, you can only feel and admire, marvel and rise on the wings of inspiration. It was love that inspired Fet and Tyutchev to write poems that have few equals in Russian poetry).
Teacher : Once Fet was visiting L.N. Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana. One evening Tatyana Andreevna Kuzminskaya, a lively, charming woman, sang for them. good voice. She was one of the real prototypes of Tolstoy's Natalia Rostova. Fet valued her voice very highly. When she sang, he told her that music affected him as much as beautiful nature. In memory of this “Edenic evening,” Fet wrote a poem overnight and presented it to Kuzminskaya. Later they wrote music for it. This poem is the romance “The Night Shined.” (You can listen to this romance in a recording, or it can be read by a trained student).
Yes, an amazing poem. Did you see any parallels in it with another masterpiece of Russian poetry? (Reminds me of A.S. Pushkin’s poem “I remember a wonderful moment...”).
“Life is blissful in love alone...” - Tyutchev will say in one of his poems. Love for Tyutchev is happiness, despite the fact that often in his works love is a fatal passion that can cause the death of one of the lovers.
Tyutchev's first wife, Eleanor Peterson, died early; late, socially condemned love for Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva led to the fact that the poor woman also died
(The prepared student readsF. Tyutchev’s poem “Oh, how murderously we love...” ).Denisevsky cycle
(It sounds like romance
Teacher :Dedicated to the romance of Amalia Lerchenfeld (Baroness Krudener). he is 20 years old, she is 15 years oldTHEODOR, today I will show you the place where apple trees bloom before anyone else in Munich! - Amalia announced, and her feet in small shoes briskly glided down the stairs, at the foot of which a harnessed carriage was already waiting for them.
FYODOR hurried after her. He had recently started working at the Russian diplomatic mission located in Munich, and he still barely knew the city and its surroundings.
Amalia brought him to the river bank. On steep slope towered the ruins of an ancient estate, and nearby was a blooming Apple orchard, all in the pink rays of the setting sun. (Amalia Lerchenfeld.)
Fyodor admired his companion and the semi-wild romantic landscape around him and still could not decide: which creation of nature is more perfect - apple trees strewn with white and pink flowers, or a girl in a soft fawn dress, fresh as a May morning? A gust of wind suddenly tore a cloud of flowers from the branches and showered Amalia with them: an elegant hat, black curls scattered over her shoulders, a long transparent scarf. The girl carefully took one flower from her sleeve and put it on her palm:
Nothing special, only five petals, but isn’t this harmony itself? - She said quietly and touched the petals with her lips.
“No, she is perfection!” - Fedor finally decided.
Do you want, Theodore, let us swear to each other that until our death, whenever we see the apple trees in bloom, we will remember each other: I - about you, you - about me? - Amalia suddenly suggested.
I swear, my fairy! - Fyodor immediately responded and dropped to one knee in front of her. Taking the hem of her dress, he pressed it to his lips. And he himself thought that he would remember her no matter what he looked at: even an apple tree in blossom, even a thistle without any color. And tomorrow at the service, having laid out the documents on the table, he will again see her alone and think about her.
***
And in a letter to his mother, excited by memories, Fyodor admitted that Amalia was perhaps his second greatest love. He put Russia first, not his wife.
The graying Tyutchev was 66 years old at this time, the still attractive Amalia was 61.
Three years later, Fyodor Ivanovich, paralyzed, was dying heavily in Tsarskoe Selo. One day, opening his eyes, he suddenly saw Amalia at his bedside. For a long time he could not speak, he did not wipe away his tears, and they quietly ran down his cheeks. She also cried silently.
Tyutchev already had poor control of his body, but still had full command of his style. And the next day he dictated one of his last letters to his daughter Dashenka: “Yesterday I experienced a moment of burning excitement as a result of my meeting with Countess Adlerberg, my good Amalia Krudener, who wished last time to see me in this world and came to say goodbye to me. In her face the past of my best years appeared to give me goodbye kiss».
Many people will still experience a thrill of heart when reading Tyutchev’s amazing lines, inspired by the divine Amalia. And only the “culprit” of their birth never in her life enjoyed their charm. She didn't speak Russian. True, the poet’s widow sent her a carefully executed interlinear translation of the poem about “how in late autumn there are sometimes days, there are times...” But a literal translation cannot convey even half of the magical aura that is present in the original of the brilliant poems.
One day Fyodor Ivanovich, already the chamberlain of the court, chairman of the censorship committee at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, came to Carlsbad for treatment. Among the Russian and European nobility who vacationed here there were many of his acquaintances. At the sight of one of the ladies, his heart fluttered like a young man. It was all the same, only Adlerberg. They often and for a long time, as once in Munich, wandered through the streets of Carlsbad, and Fyodor Ivanovich remembered everything: the first meeting at the ball, and the apple tree that showered the girl white and pink flowers, and that funny silk chain for which his faithful uncle Khlopov scolded him so much...
Returning to the hotel after one of these walks, Tyutchev wrote down, almost without mistakes, as if dictated from above:
I met you - and everything is gone
Sounds“I met you - And all the past...” to Tyutchev’s poems.)
What feeling do you get when listening to it?
(Slight sadness, sadness for lost youth)
Conclusion : We see that the image of a beloved can evoke in a poet not only tragic memories, but also bright feelings.
Conclusions:
They say there is no arguing about Tyutchev. Whoever does not feel it does not feel poetry at all. Nekrasov wrote: “Each verse grabs his heart, just as sudden gusts of wind grab his heart; It’s painful to listen to them and it’s a pity to stop listening. Only strong and original talents are given the ability to touch such strings in the human heart.” And this is really so, because “everything” is in him – and he is “in everything”.
Result:
In the works of F. I. Tyutchev, A. A. Fet, love for nature, love for women are inextricably linked with love for the Motherland, for the native people. All his life F. I. Tyutchev believed in the special purpose of Russia, in great destiny her. The fate of the poet himself was such that his best years he spent abroad. Tyutchev long time served in Munich, in the Russian diplomatic mission. While living in Germany, Fyodor Ivanovich visited many European countries - Greece, Italy, France. However, his thoughts were always directed towards Russia; he was “Russian in heart and soul.”For the poet, this land is a land blessed by the Lord. And it is precisely in Russian patriarchy, in Orthodox traditions, in the very makeup of the Russian soul, Tyutchev saw the key to the salvation of Russia. The poet's unconditional faith in the special path of Russia.These are the prophetic words of Tyutchev himself about Russia:
You can't understand Russia with your mind,
The general arshin cannot be measured:
She will become special -
You can only believe in Russia.
Pushkin also said that a poet must be a prophet. And we are increasingly convinced how prophetic Tyutchev’s poems about Russia were.
His contemporary Alexey Mikhailovich Zhemchuzhnikov spoke well about the significance of A.A. Fet in his poem:
He is in a world of dreams and dreams,
Loving the play of rays and shadows,
Noticed the fugitive features
Elusive sensations
Inconceivable beauty.
And may he be in his old age
Changed names capriciously
Either a publicist or a poet -
They will redeem Shenshin's prose
Feta's captivating poems.
D/z It is proposed to memorize any poem by A. Fet or F. Tyutchev, as well as write a mini-essay “How love for the homeland is revealed in the works of Tyutchev and Fet.”
It seems that the poet was not mistaken in his prophecy, and at the same time he predicted the future of Russia with unusual accuracy and truth. Having gone through riots, wars and revolutions, Russia still did not change itself, returning to its origins and eternal values - to Christianity and mercy, kindness.
Tyutchev called for building relationships in society on spiritual, Christian principles:
Corruption of souls and emptiness,
What gnaws at the mind and aches at the heart...
Who will heal them and cover them?
You, the pure robe of Christ...