Many people love mushrooms, but often there is not enough time to go to the forest for them. You can, of course, just buy them. But there are some doubts: it is not known where they were collected and whether they are poisonous. Yes and expensive. Therefore, you can learn how to grow mushrooms in the country. And try to do it yourself. This not only saves time and money, but is also a fun activity.
The necessary conditions
On their own in a regular garden bed Forest mushrooms will never grow. There must be at least one tree on the site. This is prerequisite for the growth of many types of fungi, the mycelium of which is formed by the introduction of a fungal root into root system tree. From there it gets amino acids and carbohydrates. In return, it gives minerals that protect the tree from diseases and insect pests. The place for planting mushrooms should be chosen away from berry, fruit and vegetable plantings. It should be as close as possible to the natural forest environment.
Growing mushrooms using a special solution
For a small but constant harvest, summer residents often use a special solution. It is prepared from overripe mushrooms (which are crushed into dust), one spoon of flour and gelatin powder. This mixture is slightly diluted with water and watered onto the moist soil under the trees. Fungal spores germinate to form a fungal root. After two seasons, abundant fruiting begins.
at the dacha by instillation method
The collected young mushrooms are heavily crushed and buried in the ground next to the tree, which consists of enveloping mycelium threads. Then you need to keep this area moist. Within a year, several mushrooms will appear there. You can simply scatter small pieces and cover with fallen leaves.
Breeding honey mushrooms and butter mushrooms
The optimal, but rather inconvenient and time-consuming method is to transplant young trees along with mycelium from the forest to a summer cottage. It is most suitable for breeding boletus and honey mushrooms. You need to prepare a place on the site in advance; if there is not enough lime in the soil, then fertilize it. Trees should be planted so that they have enough sun rays. Young specimens easily tolerate transplantation and take root well. The soil must be watered regularly, and in a year or two an overgrown mycelium will appear, producing a good harvest.
Growing boletus in the country
First you need to find old boletus mushrooms in the forest. Then place them in a bucket filled with rain or well water. Mushrooms should be kept in it for several days, but always in the house, when room temperature. During this time they will “spread” along the threads. The result is a mixture that, after stirring, is used to water the area near the tree.
Growing using mycelium
How to grow mushrooms in the country using mycelium? First you need to find her in the forest. The soil is carefully cut off in a small layer and transferred to the summer cottage (so that it does not crumble). The brought myceliums must be planted in a new place immediately. To do this, you need to prepare a small hole in advance. This transplant is done only in the morning or evening. The most best time for her - the transition from summer to autumn (plus or minus one week). At this time, there is still enough moisture and heat in the ground.
It is necessary to water the place where the mycelium was transferred daily, even in inclement weather. If everything is done correctly, then in a year you can expect a harvest. To maintain it, you need to throw pieces of mushrooms into this place every year.
Growing porcini mushrooms using mycelium
You can grow porcini mushrooms in your country house using mycelium. Removed before planting under a tree upper layer land. Compost is laid on the bare area, and the pieces should be laid out on top in a checkerboard pattern. Then place the removed turf on top and water well. One tree requires 3 buckets of water. But you need to water carefully so as not to wash away the soil.
To achieve a better and faster result, cover the area with fallen leaves or straw. This helps retain moisture, since the mycelium should not be allowed to dry out. It is best to add fertilizer to the water with which the area is watered. In the cold season, the mycelium is covered with branches, straw and fallen leaves - a thick layer so that the soil does not freeze too much. In the spring, this “cover” needs to be removed. Porcini mushrooms will appear as soon as the mycelium takes root. And they will grow in this area for up to 4 years. When watered with fertilizers - up to 7 years.
Sowing porcini mushrooms
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is not such a difficult matter. The main thing is to summer cottage Deciduous or coniferous trees must grow. Mushrooms are soaked for a day in a bucket of water. Then they are kneaded by hand until smooth. The water is filtered through a rag or gauze. The remaining liquid is poured onto the roots of the tree, and a cloth with the remaining mushroom mass is placed on top, covered with turf and watered abundantly. Then the humidity is constantly maintained. In a year you can get the first harvest.
Growing chanterelles
How to grow mushrooms in the country if there are no trees on the site? In this case, they must first be planted or moved from the forest. The mycelium with chanterelles forms mycelium (mycorrhiza), which grows into the roots of trees. These mushrooms love pine and spruce trees. They can also be found near beeches and oaks. But next to garden plantings they don't grow. Therefore, there should be young forest trees on the dacha plot.
One of the most favorite mushrooms of many gourmets, there are two ways to grow them in the country: by sowing spores or by moving mycelium from the forest. In this case, it is best to grab some of the soil on which the mycelium was located. This is the most reliable and fastest way to grow chanterelles in the country. Disputes are sown in the ways described just above.
Oyster mushrooms: cultivation, care and collection
Oyster mushrooms grow very quickly and give a good harvest . How to grow wild mushrooms at home and in the country? First, you need to select a room that will be used for growing mushrooms (garage, basement, cellar, etc.). It is disinfected with a four percent lime solution. Then it is closed for two days and then ventilated well until the smell goes away. Two such rooms should be prepared: a germ room and a plant room.
Prepare the substrate. It can be made from sunflower seed husks, corn cobs, sawdust, straw or cereal plants. You can use several of the materials listed at once. Substrate preparation:
- the mixture is poured with warm water for 20 minutes;
- the dirty water is drained, the mixture is wrung out and poured in for 7 hours, pressure is placed on top;
- The water is drained again and the mass is wrung out;
- superphosphate, urea and a little ground limestone and gypsum are added to the resulting mixture.
Next, bags are prepared on which oyster mushrooms will grow. Any polyethylene will do. Holes with a diameter of 2 cm are made in them, through which mushrooms will then grow. The distance between them should be 15-20 cm.
The bags are filled with ready-made wet substrate. First 15 cm, then a layer of mycelium, etc., until the bag is 2/3 full. Then it is tied and carried indoors. The bags can be hung or simply installed in rows.
The temperature in the growing room should be maintained between 22 and 24 degrees. In bags - no higher than 28. Indoor humidity is from 90 to 95%. No lighting required. The bags are transferred to the plant room as soon as the substrate is overgrown with mycelium. Place or hang them at a distance from each other for good ventilation.
The growing room should maintain humidity between 90 and 95% and temperature between 12 and 18 degrees. You can install automatic sprayers or leave containers of water in the room. But you must not allow it to get on the bags. Lighting should only work 12 hours a day. Regular ones are used daylight lamps. Good ventilation is necessary.
When the oyster mushroom begins to grow, the holes become larger. You can cut mushrooms already on the eighth day. They are stored in special containers or plastic bags. The second harvest appears within two weeks.
Oyster mushrooms can also be grown directly in the garden. For this, a base is selected - logs or pieces of wood. Then holes and grooves are made in them and the wood is moistened. Mycelium is poured into the holes and covered with bark. Then these pieces of wood are placed in small holes in the ground (on a layer of sawdust) and covered with film. Good humidity is constantly maintained. Oyster mushrooms will appear in the second month and will bear fruit for several years.
What increases the chances of mycelium taking root?
How to grow mushrooms in the country? If the site already has deciduous or coniferous plantings, then it is better to take mushrooms that grow in the forest near the same tree. After collection, they can be stored for no more than 10 hours. Mushrooms should not be frozen. After defrosting, it is useless to plant them - they will not grow. When soaking, alcohol (4 tablespoons per 10 liters) or sugar (50 grams per the same number of liters) is added to the water.
The site of the future mycelium is watered with a disinfectant solution 3 hours before planting. Mostly solutions made from tannins or black tea are used). They need to be cooled before watering. Mushrooms take root well if planted before mid-September. If later, they may not grow at all or the mycelium may not take root. In hot weather, the planting site is watered once a week with four buckets of water.
Many people are interested in how to grow mushrooms in the country so that there is a good harvest. There are several tips that you can follow to achieve good results:
- It is better to choose a planting site in the shade;
- if the soil lacks moisture, you need to water additionally;
- mushrooms are planted no further than 1.5 meters from the tree, in the cool season;
- Mushrooms do not take root well near fruit trees.
Now you know everything to successfully grow mushrooms.
Edible and tasty mushrooms grow not only in forest areas. For growing some species, a regular garden or summer cottage plot is quite suitable.
Edible and tasty mushrooms grow not only in forest areas
To grow forest mushrooms in your garden plot, you need to know which edible species can be planted outside the forest. The following types of planting will be successful:
- oyster mushroom;
- champignon;
- honey mushrooms;
- saffron milk caps;
- boletus;
- chanterelles;
- milk mushrooms
You can also sow boletus or boletus on the site by burying mycelium threads in the root zone of the trees. With some skills, it is quite possible to grow even porcini mushrooms.
Gallery: mushrooms in the garden plot (25 photos)
How to grow porcini mushrooms in the country (video)
Conditions for growing mushrooms in the garden
Plant and grow on local area making your own wild mushrooms is not too difficult. However, cultivation requires mandatory compliance with a number of requirements, as well as taking into account such a natural phenomenon as mycorrhiza.
Thus, in order to successfully grow forest mushrooms and get a high yield, it is necessary that forest trees be present on the site. For example, the porcini mushroom cohabits with trees such as oak, pine and birch, and in order for boletus and boletus to grow, vegetation of the appropriate type is also needed.
To successfully grow forest mushrooms and get a high yield, it is necessary that there are forest trees on the site
Popular methods of growing mushrooms in the country
If we grow mushrooms in the local area, then mandatory It must be taken into account that each forest edible species has its own strictly defined breeding method.
Breeding boletus
At the dacha we grow the true oiler (Suillus luteus) and the granular oiler (Suillus granulatus). The second type is more unpretentious and productive, therefore it is grown much more often. The most in a convenient way propagation is the replanting of a young tree from the forest, under which the mushroom grows and there is a richly fruiting mycelium. Standard care for such a mushroom plantation includes regular watering and providing sufficient protection of the area, which will not allow the growing mycelium to be trampled.
Breeding saffron milk caps
To grow delicious camelina (Lаstarius deliciоosus) in the countryside, a young pine tree with mycorrhiza is transplanted from the forest onto calcareous soils. This species is characterized by larger sizes and less bright colors. And the peak of fruiting occurs in late autumn. During the growing process, it is necessary to ensure the availability of sufficiently tall, unmown grass.
Breeding chanterelles
Forest chanterelles (Cantharellus sibarius) quite often grow spontaneously in a summer cottage, but only in the presence of trees. Also it is quite possible to transplant a young forest plant , under which abundant fruiting of chanterelles was observed. Special care this type of edible mushrooms does not require, and bears fruit well even in dry or relatively cold years.
Forest chanterelles quite often grow spontaneously in a summer cottage
Breeding milk mushrooms
The most successful is the cultivation of white podgrudka (Russula delica) in the local area, the white and sweet pulp of which is almost completely devoid of bitterness and milky juice. Quite often this species is found in the garden under birch trees., where the plant bears fruit abundantly and for a long time from mid-summer. You can also sow your own spore suspension with pulp diluted in water at room temperature.
Real breast milk (Lastarius resimus) and nigella (Lastarius necator) can be grown in the local area by transplanting a tree with well-developed, overgrown mycorrhiza from the forest.
The most successful way to grow in the local area is to load white
Champignon breeding
A special planting nutrient substrate is first created, represented by equine or cow dung, lime, gypsum and straw.
- The entire component needs to be well compacted, watered and covered with plastic wrap for about two or three weeks.
- Then you need to dig a trench of sufficient width and depth of one shovel bayonet.
- The bottom of the dug trench is compacted, after which the space is filled with a nutrient substrate and watered abundantly with warm water.
- On final stage the mycelium or mycelium of the champignon is colonized on the improvised ridge.
Growing champignons in your own garden is not difficult.
Breeding oyster mushrooms
For cultivation, it is necessary to prepare trunks of trees such as aspen, poplar or alder with a diameter of a quarter of a meter.
- The prepared trunks are sawn into logs 40 cm long, after which about twenty holes are made on one side with a depth of 40-50 mm and a diameter of 20-30 mm.
- The holes are filled with mycelium and covered with a piece of moss.
- Then the logs prepared in this way are dug in in a shady area, buried approximately 10-15 cm into the soil.
Throughout the entire period of mycelium growth, it is necessary to thoroughly moisten the plantings. Using the same technology, you can breed forest mushrooms.
How to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps (video)
How to increase the chance of mycelium survival
To increase the efficiency of growing forest mushrooms from mycelium, It is very important to adhere to the following simple recommendations:
- When choosing fruiting bodies for further planting, you need to pay attention to the type of tree under which mushrooms are collected. The optimal collection is " seed material" under different trees who must be completely healthy;
- The collected mushrooms must be processed as quickly as possible. Soaking must be done no later than ten hours after collection, and sowing of the “seed” must be carried out the next day. Frozen mushrooms are not suitable for growing;
- In the process of soaking collected forest mushrooms in order to prepare “seed material”, it is recommended to add a small amount of sugar or alcohol to the water. Such additions significantly increase the survival rate of mycelium in the local area. The total amount of alcohol added should be approximately four tablespoons per bucket of water. The amount of sugar is about 45-50 g per bucket of water;
- approximately three hours before planting the mycelium, it is very important to sufficiently water the area allocated for growing forest mushrooms with special disinfectant solutions. To disinfect soil and destroy pathogenic soil microflora, solutions based on brewing black tea or oak bark are most often used.
The timing of planting wild mushrooms may vary, but it is best to complete the entire scope of planting activities before mid-September. Later planting has a negative impact on the survival rate. After planting, it is necessary to strictly control the humidity levels in the area. In too hot or dry periods, irrigation activities can be carried out every other day, spending about three buckets of water for each plant.
Collected mushrooms must be processed as soon as possible
How to propagate edible mushrooms in your garden
After choosing a place for planting, one of two methods of growing forest mushrooms in the local area is selected.
Application of mycelium
In this case, a mycelium purchased at a specialized store or independently prepared is used. The mycelium is carefully dug out, after which a number of simple measures are performed:
- place a small layer of compost based on grass, wood dust and peat soil in the resulting trench;
- on top of the nutrient compost layer in a checkerboard pattern, with a distance of a quarter of a meter, the mycelium is located;
A high-quality mycelium has a color characteristic of the mushroom species, and should not emit the smell of ammonia.
A high-quality mycelium has a color characteristic of the mushroom species and should not emit an ammonia odor
Spore reproduction
For the purpose of such reproduction, it is necessary to use the caps and hymenophores of forest fruiting bodies. In this case, the breeding technology includes the following step-by-step measures:
- collect rain or melt water in a bucket;
- collect a sufficient number of clean and undamaged mushroom caps;
- cut the mushroom caps into pieces and soak in rain or melt water for about a day;
- knead the soaked caps with a wooden handle to obtain a solution with the most homogeneous consistency;
- filter the solution through one layer of pharmaceutical gauze;
- select a symbiont tree on the site;
- mark a radius of one and a half meters around the tree;
- along the marked circle, a layer of soil about a quarter of a meter deep is removed;
- evenly pour the filtered solution onto the bottom of the dug trench, consuming about 2.0 liters of liquid per square meter;
- carefully place the mushroom pieces remaining after straining on the root system of the symbiont tree;
- Sprinkle the planting with the removed soil, then water it generously with settled and warmed water in the sun.
The rules for caring for the planting are standard and consist of weekly watering, using five buckets of sun-warmed water per symbiont tree. To prevent the mycelium from freezing, the plantings can be covered with plastic film or non-woven gardening material.
How to plant mushrooms in the country (video)
How to get rid of inedible and poisonous mushrooms in the garden
Wood-destroying toadstools, as well as the rose-plated or poisonous entoloma, are frequent visitors to personal plots. To get rid of such mushrooms, use different ways, including surface removal by mowing or tearing, deep excavation with a soil layer, improving site lighting and reducing soil moisture.
When you have your own plot of land, it’s simply a sin not to start growing such delicious and beloved mushrooms on it. There is nothing complicated about the technology of growing mushrooms. You just need to follow certain recommendations and you will be able to enjoy delicious food grown yourself every year.
Planting mushrooms: choosing a good place
It is very important to choose a place where the mushrooms will be as comfortable as possible. Therefore, you need to choose places with deciduous or coniferous trees. Mushrooms especially like to grow near such plants. It is best to plant porcini mushrooms near trees such as oak, hornbeam, and beech.Do not plant mushrooms near agricultural crops under any circumstances, as this may negatively affect the growth of mushrooms. If there are no forest trees on the site, it is allowed to plant mushrooms from shadow side wooden building.
As for champignons or oyster mushrooms, they are much less hassle– these types of mushrooms need a moist and shaded place.
How to choose a growing method?
It is necessary to consider methods of growing mushrooms in order to know which method will be more time-consuming and expensive:1. Mushrooms are grown using spores. Planting material can be prepared independently without additional financial costs. To do this, you will need mushrooms with overripe, slightly wormy caps, because it is in them that the spores (seeds) of the mushrooms develop.
Be sure to prepare containers with rain or river water in advance. To start the fermentation process, you need to add 50 g of sugar to the water, then mash the caps and add them to the sugar water. It is necessary to achieve homogeneity of the mass, which should be infused for at least a day. In this case, the resulting composition must be stirred regularly.
To prepare sourdough, it is better to use the caps immediately, since they do not last long and therefore may simply be unusable in the future. Before planting, be sure to strain the starter. For 1 liter of starter there are 10 liters of water. Water the selected area ready-made solution. If you plant mushrooms in this way, be sure to mulch the area using fallen leaves. This should be done twice - after planting and before winter.
2. You can also use a more effective and simpler method - use mycelium, which can be grain or compost. It is better to give preference to the grain type, since there is not much hassle with it, and planting is much faster and without much difficulty. You will need to prepare the area where the mushrooms will be planted. Most often, the permissible area size is indicated on the packaging.
3. The third, no less easy method is mycelium. If you have a summer cottage at your disposal, you can transplant the mycelium onto it. This growing method requires the presence of forest trees on the site. But at the same time, mushrooms should be planted exclusively under the same tree under which they grew in the forest. The garden space should be prepared in advance. To breed boletus in this way, you will need to plant them in soil with a high content of lime and pine trees located nearby. It will be possible to collect the first harvest no earlier than 3 years after transplantation, but then the mushrooms will bear fruit every three days, starting in May.
How to plant and grow porcini mushrooms, saffron milk caps and honey mushrooms?
There are several ways to plant porcini mushrooms: seedlings, planting finished material, transfer. Planting should be done between May and October. It is especially important to practice planting work only after the sun has set.- Place the dug out mycelium in a place where conifers or deciduous trees and shrubs. It should be planted in the roots of the same tree from which the family was dug up.
- For germination to be truly successful, the soil must be prepared first. In front of the selected tree, dig up a 30 cm layer of earth half a meter away. Place fallen leaves, dust and sawdust at the bottom of the trench. Sprinkle the soil on top, on which the brought layer with ready-made spores should be placed. After planting, irrigate and throw fallen leaves on top. During the first 2-3 weeks, in case of severe drought, mushrooms should be watered generously.
Planting of the finished material is carried out as follows:
- Before planting mycelium, you should choose a place under the tree where the environment is humid.
- Step back 70 cm from the tree, remove the top layer - about 50 cm.
- Place a mixture of soil, leaves and sawdust at the bottom of the hole to a depth of 20 cm. Sprinkle a 10 cm layer of soil on top.
- Apply compost, place mycelium, sprinkle with soil and fallen leaves.
Champignons: planting and growing
Champignons prefer places with high humidity and a lot of nutritious organic matter. Mushrooms require virtually no sunlight to germinate. They are not capricious, and therefore can easily grow in orchards. Growing requires soil saturated with organic additives. If this is not the case, then you can do it yourself:- Mix 50 kg cow's or horse manure, 12 kg of gypsum and lime, 20 kg of straw.
- Combine everything together. You can add food waste to the composition.
- Compact the entire mixture tightly and sprinkle with water.
- Cover with plastic wrap and leave for several weeks until the ammonia smell disappears.
If you have decided to bring the champignon family from the forest, you should know some of the edible species. These include two-ringed, hymen, white, and garden.
You need to place the mushroom family in a trench and cover it with straw on top. Mushrooms should be planted at a temperature of at least 20 degrees Celsius.
In addition to planting ready-made mycelium, you can take ripe mushrooms, crush them and sow them on the site. Water the area thoroughly by irrigation. There is no need to compact the area, as this may cause the death of the mushrooms. In just a few months it will be possible to harvest.
Mushrooms, the growth of which has already begun, require practically no care, only watering during periods of severe drought. As for vertically growing varieties, they need spraying. In the spring, for some species, it is highly desirable to add a growth activator to the soil. Mushrooms do not need any other feeding. Moreover, loosening the soil is prohibited, as this can lead to damage to the mycelium.
Planting oyster mushrooms
It is recommended to grow oyster mushrooms in an easy way - in a substrate of seeds and sawdust. The prepared raw materials should be crushed, placed in a large container and filled with boiling water. After a couple of hours, drain the water and squeeze out the substrate material so that it is moist, not wet.Crushed raw materials and mushroom mycelium should be placed in layers in plastic bag, compact firmly and tie the bag tightly with a rope. You need to make several holes in the bag. Place the bags with the substrate in a well-moistened, dark and warm place until the first mushroom germs appear. Once the ovary is noticeable, the bags should be placed in a cool and well-lit place for daily irrigation. Already a week after the appearance of the embryos, the first mushrooms may appear.
How to plant boletuses?
The planting of a mushroom bed with boletus is carried out from May to September. First of all, you need to prepare the compost. To do this, spread it on the ground plastic film, lay layers of leaves - compost base and wood dust with manure in a ratio of 9:1. Pour warm water over the compost pile and leave for 7 days. After the pile warms up to a temperature of 35-40 degrees, it needs to be shoveled so that a homogeneous mass is obtained. Leave for another week.- Dig a hole down to the roots of the tree. Be sure to stick to this size - 2 square meters in width and 30 cm in depth. When the roots are located on the soil surface, only the top layer should be removed.
- Fill a deep hole with compost to ground level, a shallow hole in layers: 12 cm of compost, 6 cm of soil. It is necessary to alternate compost and soil until the height of the layers reaches half a meter.
- Make holes in the compost up to 20 cm deep. The distance between the holes is 25 cm. Place pieces of boletus mycelium on the bottom of the holes and cover with soil. After planting, the plantation should be watered. There are 20 liters of water per 1 square meter. Then be sure to cover with a layer of fallen leaves.
In summer, it is very important to slightly moisten the soil, so you need to periodically water the area, especially during hot weather. In winter, the plantation needs to be covered with a layer of foliage, straw, and spruce branches.
Planting boletus
By using ready-made mycelium, planting boletus mushrooms can be greatly simplified. Therefore, initially you need to stock up on materials: mycelium, compost, soil for indoor plants. Mushrooms can perfectly adapt to reproduce in soil rich in peat. Then you must definitely select an area where there are many birch trees. Boletus mushrooms prefer to grow in such conditions.If you grow mushrooms from mycelium, it will be very simple, provided you prepare everything correctly. The best time to plant mushrooms is from May until the end of summer. You need to get rid of debris on the site, and then dig three holes for the seeds. The size of the holes is 10x20 cm. It is best to dig holes around the tree.
After preparing the holes, fill them halfway with peat soil. Place a small piece of compost mycelium in each hole. After this, fill the holes with soil and compact them. Water each hole with 1 liter of water. Be sure to moisten the soil around it using 1 bucket of water.
How to plant boletus in the garden?
The most optimal way to plant boletus is to transplant a small pine tree from the forest on the site. It is desirable that the age of the tree be from 10 to 15 years. Only under such a tree will mushrooms begin to grow. Butterflowers like to have light shade, but they can also grow in sunny areas.
For creating optimal conditions To develop mycelium in the selected area, 20 cm of the top layer of soil should be removed. The soil nutritious for butterflies is formed in several layers. The first, bottom layer should be made from plant materials - fallen leaves, mown grass, pine needles. The second layer should be made of soil, which is collected from the place where the mushrooms grow. Mushroom mycelium should be sown on prepared soil.
How to grow chanterelles?
The best partners of mushrooms are pine and spruce; the mushroom can also cooperate with oak and beech. Mushrooms will not make friends with garden trees.So, it is impossible to grow mushrooms without a partner tree. If there is no such plant on the site, then you will have to plant it. Better to find it in the forest young tree, immediately with mycelium. It is also necessary to grab several bags of a layer of forest soil and coniferous litter. It is recommended to plant the tree in an area where there is partial shade. When planting, the mycelium should be in forest soil, covered with pine needles on top. The mycelium does not like drying out, as well as humidity, so you will have to regularly carry out moderate watering.
If there is already a pine or spruce tree on the site, then you can plant mushrooms on the tree. This can be done in two ways: by planting mycelium or sowing spores.
When sowing, you should select the caps of old, overripe mushrooms, simply scatter them under a tree or soak them in water for a day, and then simply pour the solution over the planting site. It is very important to maintain a constant level of humidity in the future, since drying out or wetting can destroy the planting material.
The most reliable and fastest way is to plant mycelium dug out in the forest. You should dig holes under the tree, 20 centimeters deep, place the mycelium there along with forest soil, cover the top with pine litter and moss. Water in the same way as in the previous method. The mycelium should be planted no earlier than June and no later than September.
Be sure to dig out the mycelium from under the tree that will later become a symbiotic partner.
If you follow all the above recommendations, especially maintaining humidity, by the beginning of June next year you will be able to enjoy mushrooms grown on your own.
Plant mushrooms and grow them on your plot of land It’s quite easy if you follow all the necessary rules, adhere to technology, and choose high-quality planting material. Only if you approach planting responsibly can you achieve good results and enjoy healthy products, grown with your own hands.
Ecology of consumption. Homestead: Plant mushrooms. “Who will plant them, these are mushrooms.” But you can plant them, I checked it in practice. The fact is that mushrooms reproduce in two ways. With the help of mycelium (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And also - spores that ripen in the cap.
Plant mushrooms. “Who will plant them, these are mushrooms.” But you can plant them, I checked it in practice. The fact is that mushrooms reproduce in two ways. With the help of mycelium (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And also - spores that ripen in the cap.
Everyone knows the “witch’s rings”, when mushrooms grow in a ring. The explanation here is simple. The cap is round, not far from the ground, the spores are poured out "under itself". On next year fungi grow in a small dense ring. And again, everyone gathers dust for themselves. And after 10-15 years the ring reaches a diameter of 1-2 meters. This effect should be used, especially for the propagation of mushrooms in the forest, on a summer cottage, or on an alpine hill.
This is done simply. As a rule, a mushroom picker, having found an old flabby or wormy mushroom, simply leaves it on the ground, and even turns the cap upside down. This makes absolutely no sense. That's how I do it. I take the hat and put it on a spruce branch, or pin it on a dry one. This kills two birds with one stone.
Firstly, the cap does not rot, but dries, the spores ripen and spread dust over a large area. You look, and several new foci of mycelium are emerging. Secondly, the mushroom dries. And in winter, at the hungriest time for animals, you look and see what kind of hare, squirrel or bird will please.
Your work is 5 seconds, and the benefits are great. If each mushroom picker picks at least 20-30 mushrooms per trip, then there will be more and more mushrooms, not fewer and fewer. Leave mushrooms to your descendants, do not deprive them of this pleasure.Source - Do It Yourself magazine
Mushrooms on the plot
It’s hard to believe, but up to 30 species of a wide variety of mushrooms can be grown in a garden plot. Of course, some of them settle in our gardens on their own, but we simply do not notice some of them, others we kick with our feet, considering them toadstools. However, despite the strong commitment of our compatriots to porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms and similar gifts of the forest, it would not hurt to reconsider our attitude towards some of them, growing literally under our feet, edible and tasty, but unfamiliar.
Thus, in Europe, the purple-legged row is considered one of the most delicious mushrooms. In our area it grows on potato ridges. The dissonant name dung beetle does not detract from the value of this mushroom, which can grow on the lawn, shady place on manured garden soil. When fried to taste, the white shaggy dung leaves behind the most delicious mushrooms. Umbrella mushrooms, ring mushrooms, and several types of champignons readily grow on composts. One cap of a motley umbrella is enough for a whole frying pan. What can we say about shiitake - oh healing properties This mushroom with a Japanese name is the stuff of legends.
My own practical experience confirms that you can grow wild mushrooms in your garden plot - porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, butter mushrooms and others.
Very often on garden plots field or forest mushrooms appear by self-sowing. Slender pigweed is often found in beds with cucumbers if birch trees grow nearby. On our lawn, fertilized with fertile substrate, two types of edible plutea mushroom grow by self-sowing. Sometimes milkweeds are found in abundance in gardens. violins, morels and other mushrooms.
In addition to forest and field mushrooms, in the garden under open air tree mushrooms grow successfully -different types oyster mushrooms honey mushrooms are summer, autumn and winter, and it’s hard to believe. - shiitake. You can successfully grow champignons and ring mushrooms in compost beds. Now let’s take a closer look at the mentioned mushrooms and how to grow them in the garden. plot.
Macorhiza mushrooms
These are fungi that live in symbiosis with trees, that is, their fruiting bodies are formed only after the introduction of mycelium into the roots of trees and the formation of mycorrhiza, or. in other words, mushroom root. This is why many cap mushrooms grow only in the forest. Moreover, often a certain mushroom is associated with a certain type of tree, as evidenced by the popular names of these mushrooms: boletus, boletus, boletus, etc. Different mushrooms have different preferences to soil fertility and acidity.
Relationship between tree and mushroom general outline develop as follows: the host tree stimulates the growth of mycelium only if it lacks minerals. obtained from the soil. Then the branched hyphae of the fungus begin to supply the tree with mineral salts and water from the top layer of soil in exchange for carbohydrate nutrition in the form of tree sap with sugars. Therefore, porcini mushrooms are more likely to appear under a birch tree on poor sandy soil than on fertile soil. The question arises, how to make wild mushrooms grow in the garden?
Porcini
Porcini mushroom, or boletus (Boletus edulis). - the trumpet mushroom is, without a doubt, the most welcome guest, both in the kitchen and in the garden. Its nutritional value and taste are difficult to overestimate. For someone who grew up in Russia, no mushrooms smell as pleasant as dried porcini mushrooms.
Describe appearance porcini mushroom makes no sense, it is not familiar, except perhaps to newborns. But the fact that porcini mushrooms growing under different trees differ from each other in appearance, not without interest.
Those. that grow under birch trees, the cap is light, the flesh is tender and, according to some mushroom pickers, the most delicious. Porcini mushrooms growing under the spruce are darker. And the most beautiful white mushroom, with a red-brown cap, grows under a pine tree. It is believed that each of these varieties of porcini mushroom forms mycorrhiza only with its own tree species.
Porcini mushroom in terms of dry matter contains 41% protein, which is more than any other mushroom and significantly more than meat (31%).
Porcini mushrooms prefer sandy soils if they grow under birch trees; on fertile soils with a high nitrogen content, their fruiting bodies are formed worse. Although under oak trees, which are much more demanding of soil fertility, porcini mushrooms are likely to grow in rich soil.
The birch form of the porcini mushroom is more common, since there are birch trees in almost every forest. The porcini mushroom prefers to grow under fairly mature trees - twenty years old and older. If they are not there, then it is best to bring young birch trees from the forest, but those that grew not far from the mature birch tree where porcini mushrooms were noticed.
In this case, one can hope that the tree roots already have mycorrhiza.
It is easier to grow porcini mushrooms in a garden plot if there are mature birch trees there. I have tested two methods. The first method is simple, but not effective enough. It consists of simply laying out pieces of mature mushroom under the leaf litter within a radius of 1.5 m from the trunks of birch trees. The second method turned out to be more productive; it is based on preparing a suspension of spores isolated from old mushrooms and sowing them.
Preparing a spore suspension at home
From the caps of large mature (and even overripe) porcini mushrooms collected in the forest under birch trees, you need to separate the tubular layer (hymenophore), where spores are formed, pass this mass through a meat grinder, transfer it to a container with water (1-2 kg of mushroom mass per 10 l water) and mix thoroughly. Then add 15 g of dry baker's yeast to the mixture, mix again and leave everything to brew (for convenience, the mixture can be poured into three-liter jars) at room temperature for two weeks. Soon, foam with pulp particles and small debris forms on the surface of the liquid.
There will be a clear liquid in the middle part of the container, and spores will collect in a layer of several centimeters at the bottom.
Adding baker's yeast spores to a suspension is very effective in stimulating their germination. Yeast is a nutritious substrate and also contributes to the mixing of the crushed mass of mushroom pulp and the release of spores.
Sunlight falling on the plantation in the morning and evening stimulates the fruiting of the porcini mushroom.
The foam from the surface should be carefully removed with a spoon, the water should be carefully drained, and the sediment with spores from different containers should be combined into one jar and left to settle for another week. After this, drain the supernatant liquid again, and pour the remaining suspension with spores into plastic containers. liter bottles and store in the refrigerator.
The finished spore suspension sometimes acquires a not very pleasant odor, but remains viable for a year.
It is advisable to use the spore suspension within a month after preparation, since the activity of the spores decreases during long-term storage.
Sowing spores and caring for a mushroom plantation
Before sowing, the suspension with spores must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:100. pour the liquid evenly under the birch trees (you can use a watering can with a strainer) and wait for the harvest. At good care behind the plantation, porcini mushroom fruiting bodies may appear as early as next year. What does this care involve?
As you know, all mushrooms love high humidity soil and air. Therefore, during the dry season, crops must be watered and protected from the hot midday sun. In the area for growing porcini mushrooms, under trees, it is advisable to plant shrubs or other plants that create light shade and protect the area from the sun on the south side.
Watering is needed not only during the development of mycelium in the soil, but also after the appearance of ovarian bodies. In the afternoon, when the sun’s rays no longer reach the plantation due to the crowns of tree trees and bushes, it is advisable to arrange a light “mushroom rain”. that is, watering with a fine spray of water that has warmed up during the day.
After the night, the mushroom caps are moistened with morning dew, then the moisture evaporates, and at this time the mushroom grows, since along with the evaporation of moisture, nutrients enter it from the mycelium. Then watering and drying the caps in the evening also stimulates the growth of the fruiting body.
Application to the soil mineral fertilizer may provide Negative influence on the development of mycelium, so they should not be used on a mushroom plantation.
Growing porcini mushrooms in garden plots with different conditions
In 2006, two different areas were “seeded” with a suspension of porcini mushroom spores collected in the forest and prepared using the technology described above: one in the Moscow region, the other in the Tver region. Rarely growing birch trees were present on a plot of two hundred square meters near Moscow of different ages, in the second area young birch trees grew. Previously, porcini mushrooms were not found in both garden plots. In previous years, pig mushrooms, russula and boletus mushrooms were found on a site in the Tver region. In addition to the different ages of birch trees in different areas, the differences in conditions were as follows: in 2007, which was considered non-fungal due to the dry summer, regular watering was carried out on the site near Moscow, while there was no watering on the site in the Tver region. Probably, these reasons led to different results, namely: on the first plot, my labors were rewarded with 20 porcini mushrooms for three waves of fruiting in August, on the second plot, porcini mushrooms never appeared.
Porcini mushrooms and boletus mushrooms are in a competitive relationship, so it is better to sow their spores in different areas isolated from each other with birch trees.
Obviously, the presence of old birch trees and regular watering have a beneficial effect on the growth of porcini mushrooms. One of possible reasons The absence of mushrooms in the second area, in my opinion, is the presence of boletus mycelium, which is in competition with the porcini mushroom and suppresses the development of its mycelium.
Boletus and boletus
Both of these tubular mushrooms are widespread in our forests, including those near Moscow. They. undoubtedly popular among compatriots and very tasty.
Boletus (Leccinum) is represented by two species. The boletus L. aurantiacum grows in collaboration with aspen - a beautiful mushroom with a red cap and a stalk covered with red scales.
Unfortunately, aspen is a rare tree species in the garden.
Another species of boletus - L. vulpinum - is found under pine trees. It has a darker cap and black scales on the stem. Gardeners, especially in last years, willingly plant pine trees and other conifers on their plots.
Boletuses grow better in poor sandy soils than in rich ones.
The fruiting bodies of both species have a bright taste and a strong, pleasant smell that is different from other mushrooms. Boletuses are little affected by insect larvae and are well stored. This is the perfect mushroom for stir-fries. The mushroom pieces, which partially retain their shape when fried, form a tasty crust. Fried boletuses have a slightly sour taste. Mahra (tubular layer), as a rule, is also suitable for soup and roast. The broth turns out dark, but thin slices of boletus caps with terry become a decoration for the mushroom soup.
Many gourmets put boletus in first place in terms of taste when fried or boiled.
Boletus mushrooms have undeniable advantage before porcini mushrooms and boletuses: the likelihood of their appearance in the garden plot after sowing is much higher.
Boletus or common boletus (Leccinuni scabrum). The taste is closest to porcini mushroom. IN at a young age has dense flesh and a beautiful velvety cap; in older boletuses, the terry becomes loose. This mushroom is in many ways inferior to porcini and boletus in consistency. Its less dense fruiting body contains more water and is poorly stored. The legs of boletus quickly become hard and fibrous. To make boletus mushrooms more attractive in dishes, remove the terry and pre-blanch them to remove some of the excess water.
At proper care behind the boletus plantation, its harvests are more frequent and higher than those of the porcini mushroom. When the soil is regularly moistened, they can appear under birch trees on their own. In a garden plot where the growth of mushrooms is under constant observation, boletus mushrooms do not have time to worm themselves, they can be collected in a timely manner, although under natural conditions these mushrooms are severely affected by insect larvae and quickly deteriorate.
Sowing spores and caring for a mushroom plantation in a garden plot
A joint suspension of boletus and boletus was prepared in the same way as in the case of porcini mushroom. When settled in jars, boletus spores settled in the form of a dark layer. The boletus spores mostly remained mixed with the pulp and did not precipitate well, so it was necessary to use a suspension of spores along with the pulp.
Sowing of boletus and boletus was carried out in August 2006 on a garden plot in the Moscow region throughout its entire territory, except for two acres allocated for porcini mushroom.
In dry times, the soil was regularly moistened, as on a plantation with porcini mushrooms. The mushroom plot was protected from direct sunlight during the day thanks to plantings, but was illuminated by morning and evening sun. When fruiting bodies appeared, watering was done daily.
Mushroom harvest
By sowing the spores, we hoped that the boletus would take root on the roots of pine trees, and the boletus would take root on the roots of birch trees. In 2006, one boletus grew on this site, but in 2007 there were none. The boletus mushrooms gave big harvests. To be fair, it must be said that boletus mushrooms were found in this garden plot in 2006 before our sowing. But in the non-mushroom year of 2007, there were several times more of them than in the wet mushroom year of 2006.
However, we do not lose hope for good boletus “harvests” in the future: the appearance of even a single mushroom inspires confidence.
Chanterelles and dry milk mushrooms
Chanterelles and milk mushrooms are also mycorrhizal fungi. These mushrooms have gnmenophores. where the spores ripen, in the form of plates, which is why they are called lamellar. Chanterelle is in symbiosis with coniferous trees, although it is also found in deciduous forests, and dry mushroom forms mycorrhiza with birch trees. Both mushrooms prefer calcareous soil. The true chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) grows steadily from June until frost, constantly and everywhere, even in a dry year.
In Europe, and even in Russia, many prefer chanterelles to other mushrooms. There are reasons for this. They are bright yellow so they are easy to find. They often come across in groups, so you can collect quite a lot of them. Even those who are not particularly knowledgeable about mushrooms know that chanterelles are not poisonous. Chanterelles often appear spontaneously in garden plots if there are coniferous trees there.
As for the taste of chanterelles, their taste and smell, although mushroom-like, are weak. They are good for frying, as they do not fry much, but it is better to cook them together with other, more aromatic mushrooms. published