01. We obtain high-strength concrete in ANYONE region
02. We are nothing NOT sell
03. To you NOT will have to buy equipment
04. Concrete only from yours LOCAL components
05. Someone will do better? We will pay you ourselves!
Why are we the best
on high-strength concrete?
Candidate of Technical Sciences
Vladimir Volodin
gets concrete
brand M2500 (B180)
Volodin Vladimir Mikhailovich(Technical Director)
01. Brought the grade of concrete to the incredible M2500
(having obtained the strongest mass-produced concrete in Europe)
02. Participated in exposing concrete in the Moscow City high-rises
03. Developed high-strength concrete for the Vostochny Cosmodrome
04. Wrote a dissertation on high-strength concrete
05. Candidate of Technical Sciences ()
06. Winner of international competitions in concrete science ()
08. Inventor (patent holder)
Abramov Dmitry Alexandrovich(director)
01. Introduced the technology at more than ten large factories in the CIS
02. Found a site with a raw material base for the production of the cheapest high-strength concrete (in Europe)
03. Inventor
Where is high-strength concrete used in Russia?
In Russia absolutely
don't know how to make
high strength concrete
(in tangible volumes)
According to the latest research...
Less than 0.3% profit concrete plants spend on R&D
“High-strength concrete” in Russia is:
High-rise buildings (above 40 floors)- strength about M1150 (B90)
Glass fiber reinforced concrete- M900 (at the same time super-expensive, super-cement-intensive)
Floor hardeners- maximum strength M800 (B60)
Architectural products (facades, etc.)- less than M800 (B60)
Paving slabs- less than M700 (B55)
Interchanges (for roads of the 1st category)- occasionally M600 (B45-B50)
Special products made of reinforced concrete- M600 (B45-B50)
Why is high-strength concrete sold at 2-3 times higher than cost?
The lack of standards for selecting recipes for high-strength concrete gives rise to a lot of intermediaries and sellers of additives.
No one guarantees high-strength concrete (except us).
Factories spend 0.3% of expenses on research (concrete science).
Prices for concrete for Moscow City high-rises
Price list of Ingeokomprom CJSC, supplier of concrete for Moscow City high-rise buildings, for concrete mixtures dated June 01, 2014.
Source of information: http://eprom.su/prajjs-list/ (screenshot from 07/03/2015)
How do we get the most durable concrete in the Russian Federation?
We "spied" on the Germans
We have worked for many years
over high strength concrete
As a result, they surpassed their Western counterparts
In which cities did we receive high-strength concrete?
Moscow - from M1450 (to M2500)
Ulyanovsk - M1200
Almaty (Kazakhstan)- M1200
Samara Region- M1300
Vladivostok - M1200
Yakutia - M1000
Republic of Bashkortostan- M1200
Chelyabinsk - M1300-M1400
Krasnoyarsk - M1300-M1400
Ekaterinburg - M1200
Penza - M1400
Vladimir - savings from 85 to 850 rubles. per cube
Naberezhnye Chelny- M1300
Kaluga - M1200
St. Petersburg - M1400
and others
Minimum 100,000 rub. per day
we save for our clients
How much do our services for setting up the production of high-strength concrete cost?
The price depends on the degree of our involvement.
Minimum price for the introduction of high-strength concrete:
The amount of your savings
per 500 m 3 high-strength concrete
Unclear? Call us and we will explain
THREE WEEKS is the average time from the start of working with us to the release of the first batch of high-strength concrete in your production.
If we start working with you, You will receive unlimited annual technical support for concrete science (telephone, mail, additional modifications of compositions, business trips if necessary).
What if it doesn't work out? If something doesn't work out, we will return all the money.
Need more information?
Come for a visit!
We are in a HUGE concrete plant.
Address: Russia, Tolyatti, Nikonova 52
International. Airport: KUF (Kurumoch) (40 min. drive to us)
Railway station: “Zhigulevskoe Sea” (6 min. drive to us)
The brand and class of concrete determine its strength characteristics and are the main indicator of quality when choosing a ready-made solution or proportions for mixing it yourself. The remaining criteria - frost resistance, water resistance and mobility are considered secondary. These values are regulated, in project documentation The required strength class must be indicated; it is different for each design. But in private construction, sometimes it becomes necessary to select mortar parameters without the help of professionals; it is important to understand general principle current classification.
The relationship between brand, class and other characteristics of concrete
| Concrete class | Matching Brand | Average strength, kg/cm2 | Mobility | Frost resistance-bone | Waterproofness |
| B7.5 | M100 | 98 | P2-P4 | F50 | W2 |
| AT 10 | M150 | 131 | |||
| B12.5 | M150 | 164 | |||
| B15 | M200 | 196 | F100 | W4 | |
| IN 20 | M250 | 262 | |||
| B22.5 | M300 | 295 | F200 | W6 | |
| B25 | M350 | 327 | W8 | ||
| B30 | M400 | 393 | F300 | W10 | |
| B35 | M450 | 458 | P2-P5 | F200-F300 | W8-W14 |
| B40 | M550 | 524 | W10-W16 | ||
| B45 | M600 | 589 | F100-F300 | W12-W18 |
This table additionally indicates such important indicators as:
1. Frost resistance: indicated by the letter “F” and characterizes the number of cycles of freezing and thawing of concrete. It has important when choosing a brand for pouring a foundation in flooded areas or under conditions of constant soil freezing. The higher this indicator, the better.
2. Water resistance (from W2 to W20) - reflects the bond strength of the concrete structure and resistance to moisture penetration inside. The higher this characteristic, the fewer microcracks in the material and the lower the risk of destruction of building structures during freezing.
3. Workability or mobility grade of concrete (indicated by the letter “P” and indexed from 1 to 5). A temporary indicator reflecting the ability of a solution to uniformly fill and distribute the proposed form under the influence of its own weight (without additional vibration). Compositions with high mobility (P4) are used when filling hard-to-reach areas; in standard cases it is convenient to work with P2 and P3.
There is a clear connection between the quality of the binder, the selected proportions and grade of concrete and, as a result, its strength. Other characteristics can be controlled and changed by introducing antifreeze additives or using hydrophobic cement, but only taking into account permissible limits and the inevitable price increase. Standard ratios are shown in the table:
| Concrete strength grade | Number of parts in proportion, subject to the use of Portland cement M400 | Same for M500 | ||||||
| cement | crushed stone | sand | water | cement | crushed stone | sand | water | |
| M100 | 1 | 4,6 | 7 | 0,5 | 1 | 5,8 | 8,1 | 0,5 |
| M150 | 3,5 | 5,7 | 4,5 | 6,6 | ||||
| M200 | 2,8 | 4,8 | 3,5 | 5,6 | ||||
| M250 | 2,1 | 3,9 | 2,6 | 4,5 | ||||
| M300 | 1,9 | 3,7 | 2,4 | 4,3 | ||||
| 1,5 | 3,1 | 1,9 | 3,8 | |||||
| M400 | 1,2 | 2,7 | 1,6 | 3.2 | ||||
| M450 | 1,1 | 2,5 | 1,4 | 2,9 | ||||
| M500 | 1 | 2 | 1,2 | 2,5 | ||||
In addition to using the specified proportions to obtain concrete with the required strength grade, attention is paid to the quality and preparation of the components. The introduction of unsifted sand with impurities, stale cement or dirty crushed stone worsens the structure of the material and negatively affects the process of strength gain. Despite the increase in the mobility of concrete when diluted with water, it is strictly not recommended to violate the proportion indicated for it. The same applies to ready-to-purchase solutions.
Area of use
The scope of application of various brands is determined by the operating conditions and the loads experienced; in particular, one of the following options is selected:
1. M75 – “lean” solution for filling drainage layers.
2. M100 – used in road construction(curbs) and when preparing the base of a building for pouring the main structures. Not suitable for concreting critical and loaded areas.
3. M150 – brand of lightweight concrete for auxiliary purposes. The scope of application includes screeding floors, constructing garden and pedestrian paths, curbs, foundations for light buildings, and pouring monolithic slabs.
4. M200 is a strengthened concrete grade, optimally suited for retaining walls, floor screeds, foundation structures, blind areas, garden areas and paths.
5. M250 - a heavy variety, in demand in private construction. Used when pouring foundations, flights of stairs, bases for fences and outbuildings, tiled floors with low load. It is allowed to use M250 concrete in industry, but only for low-rise buildings.
6. M300 – for pouring foundations of any complexity, including slabs, flights of stairs and landings.
7. M350 – the initial grade for the foundations of multi-storey buildings. This concrete is characterized by high strength and water resistance and is suitable for both hollow-core slabs and beams, as well as concreting monolithic structures. It is from this that bowls of public swimming pools, airfield roads, columns, supports, grillages and other loaded concrete products are poured.
8. M400 – super-heavy quick-setting grade. Due to the high cost, it is practically not used in individual construction, exceptions are private houses with basements in areas with risks of groundwater flooding. The main scope of application is hydraulic structures, bank vaults and other reinforced concrete facilities with increased requirements for concrete strength and building safety.
9. M450 - another professional brand with a high setting speed. Selected for regulated objects: dams and dams, bridges, metro tunnels.
10. M500 – a grade of concrete with a high cement content, exclusively for hydraulic structures and specialized products.
There is a clear relationship between the quality, performance indicators and cost of solutions; in private construction, the use of concrete above M400 is not economically feasible. The main operating range includes M100-M450 and V7.5-V35, respectively. Checking the characteristics of the concrete mixture specified by the manufacturer (the recommended stage for the construction of critical objects) at home is impossible. To conduct a laboratory examination, a 15x15 cm cube is poured, the final results will be known only in a month (28 days are allotted for hardening and achieving the design strength).
In addition to choosing the right brand, to obtain a reliable building structure, it is important to organize appropriate hardening conditions: concrete needs to be maintained for at least 15-20 days after pouring. The surface is protected from direct rays, moistened and covered with plastic films.
You should remember the main rule of cement hydration - when sub-zero temperatures this process stops, which leads to a decrease in the final strength and frost resistance. In case of sudden cold weather or the need to carry out work in winter time the concrete is covered with a film or heated.
Concrete has held the leading position among building materials for many years in a row. It owes such popularity to its unique performance qualities, incl. high strength, frost resistance and moisture resistance. Moreover, varying the ratio of the constituent components of concrete makes it possible to obtain a material with slightly different properties, which makes it possible to use it in almost any conditions. The question of choosing suitable concrete remains the most important and difficult, because the further properties of the structure depend on this.
It is equally difficult to choose a suitable concrete manufacturer. The growing demand for this building material has led to the emergence of a huge number of proposals, which are quite difficult to navigate. To ensure that a potential buyer of concrete can quickly find the best offer for themselves, the M350 concrete tender system was developed. It is presented on the page http://m350.ru/price/m350/ and allows the user to quickly familiarize themselves with all offers for the sale of M350 concrete and other brands in the Moscow region and choose the most suitable one for themselves, based on price, plant location or operating mode manufacturer. The system allows save time and money.
To be able to choose the right concrete mixture for specific purposes, you need to know what indicators to pay attention to. Among the most important are the brand and class of concrete, the characteristics of moisture and frost resistance, as well as the mobility of concrete.
Concrete grade
The most important characteristic of concrete is its ability to withstand compressive loads. This parameter is denoted by the letter M, and the index behind it indicates what load each square centimeter of concrete can withstand. The exact value is determined in laboratory conditions by testing concrete that has hardened for 28 days, and the rounded value is recorded in the marking. For example, concrete that can withstand 98 kgf/m2 is designated as M100, and concrete that can withstand 196 kgf/cm2 is M200. Simply put, the digital index indicates the number of kilograms that can press on 1 cm2 of concrete without destroying it.
Today concrete is produced from M50 to M1000, But Concrete grades M100-M500 are consistently in greatest demand. The different levels of concrete strength are explained by differences in composition: the proportions of the components used and their quality affect. Concrete contains sand, cement, crushed stone or gravel. Sand together with crushed stone (the so-called skeleton) are responsible for bearing capacity future design, and cement, combining with water, is responsible for the strength of molecular bonds. The higher the proportion of cement in the concrete composition, the higher the strength of the concrete itself.
The quality of the components also plays a role. Sand can be either river or quarry sand– it is important that it be large and with a minimum amount of clay impurities. Optimal size crushed stone - 20-25 mm, it must be made of strong rocks. The grade of cement also affects the strength of concrete. As a rule, M400 and M500 cement is used; less of the latter will be needed to prepare concrete of a given strength.
The least durable grades of concrete are used in the construction of the lightest and least critical structures. Foundations of private and multi-storey buildings, industrial buildings created using more durable compounds (M200 and higher). As strength increases, the price of the composition also increases, so there is no point in using overly strong compositions, nor is there any need to save money.
Concrete class
The class of concrete also indicates the strength of the material, this modern derivative of concrete brand. If, when determining the grade, the average value of the strength of the material is used, then the strength class involves determining the strength with guaranteed security. This is a more accurate value and is expressed taking into account a coefficient of variation of 13%. Despite the fact that the class more accurately defines the characteristics of concrete, today most experts use the concept of grade.
Classes define letterBand numbers from 3.5 to 60: the higher it is, the more durable the composition in front of you. There is a direct connection between classes and brands: for example, the M100 brand corresponds to class B7.5, the M200 brand to B15, etc.
The relationship between the class and grades of concrete in terms of strength
Waterproofness of concrete
The waterproofness of concrete refers to its ability not to allow water to pass through. Previously, this characteristic was denoted by the Russian letter B, now useW, and the numerical designation next to it may begin from 2 to 20, equal to the pressure of the water column in kgf/cm2, at which a cylindrical concrete sample standard height does not allow water to pass through.
If a foundation is being built from concrete in conditions elevated groundwater level, then it makes sense to choose a composition with a high water resistance value, to which special hydrophobic additives are added. By the way, the use of such material will reduce the cost of complete waterproofing of the foundation.
Has the highest levels of waterproofness and water resistance hydraulic concrete. For its production, hydrophobic or plasticized Portland cement, sand and crushed stone of higher quality are used than for conventional concrete. High levels of water resistance are also achieved through installation with maximum compaction.
Frost resistance of concrete
The frost resistance of concrete is indicated by the letter Fwith a numerical value from 25 to 1000: the higher it is, the greater the number of freezing and thawing cycles concrete can withstand without losing its strength properties. The choice will depend on the conditions in which the finished structure will be operated, on the climate, the number of periods of freezing and thawing during the cold period of the year.
For the construction of hydraulic structures, airfield pavements and bridge supports, it is better to choose the most frost-resistant compounds. In private construction, concrete class F100 or F200 is suitable for constructing the foundation. You can also focus on density: the higher its value, the more frost-resistant the composition will be. 
Mobility of concrete
The mobility of concrete (P) indicates degree of its fluidity, which directly affects the ease of working with the composition. The numerical coefficient is expressed in the range from 1 to 5: the higher it is, the more liquid the composition will be. In private construction, concrete is used for foundation construction. P2 and P3. More fluid compositions are used only in cases where it is necessary to pour a densely reinforced base, or when concrete is supplied using concrete pumps.
It is, of course, more convenient to work with a more fluid composition, but water cannot be added to ready-made concrete to increase the mobility of the composition. In this case, the grade of the solution is immediately reduced, reducing the final strength. 
Areas of use of different grades of concrete
Concrete has become widespread and is used to create foundations and many other structures. Depending on the purpose of use, concrete of one or another brand is selected. Here are the main areas of use of the most common grades of concrete:
Choosing concrete for the foundation
Since concrete is used in the organization of the vast majority of foundations, the question of its choice specifically for these purposes requires more detailed consideration. To select the required brand, you need to know the weight that will be placed on the structure, its operating conditions, take into account the type of soil, groundwater level, etc. All this should be mentioned in the design documentation, and for those who carry out construction on their own, we will provide information on the scope of use of different grades of concrete.
The less the load from the building being erected, the less durable concrete will be needed. If it is built frame house, then you can get by with M200 concrete, For wooden house It is better to make the foundation from M250 concrete. For two-story wooden houses, houses It is better to choose M300 concrete from gas silicate and expanded clay concrete blocks. If reinforced concrete wall panels will be used or construction plans brick house, then concrete M350, M400 and higher is used for the foundation.
Affects the choice of concrete grade and soil type. The more heaving the soil, the big differences the load is placed on the foundation. So, for clayey soils it is better not to use concrete below M350, and for sandy and rocky soils M200 is also suitable. If the groundwater level in the place where the house is built is high, then it is better to choose concrete with increased water resistance: even if M250 is suitable for loads, it is better to use M350, for which W is almost twice as high.
Whatever brand of concrete is used, the characteristics finished design The correct dilution of the mixture with water, as well as the process of filling the mold with concrete and the uniformity of concrete distribution also largely influence.
Concrete is a material that is in great demand in modern construction. It is used in the construction of foundations, walls, paths, bridges, etc. In this case, a different composition must be used in each specific case. The specific purpose of concrete is determined by its class or brand. The latter are usually indicated on the packaging.
Types of concrete
Currently, the following grades of this material can be used in the construction of buildings and structures:
very heavy.
super light;
The concrete mixture is made using different types fillers. The brand of the finished solution is determined by the type of the latter. Both light materials (for example, expanded clay or sawdust) and heavier ones (sand, crushed stone) can be used as filler. In industrial construction, special specialized concretes are sometimes used. They use metal shavings as filler. This solution is considered very heavy.
Concrete grade
This indicator is determined empirically in specialized laboratories. In order to find out what brand of concrete is, a cube made from it with a side length of 15 cm is subjected to a certain pressure. At the same time, they look at compressibility indicators.
Currently, there are the most commonly used main grades of concrete on the market. Both their characteristics (the table below presents them clearly) and methods of application will be discussed by us a little later. There are seven such types of material in total. Each of them is designated by the letter M and a number indicating what pressure in kgf per cm² the material can withstand. So, for example, M200 concrete is capable of maintaining integrity under a load of 200 kgf/cm².
Concrete class
The strength grade of concrete is directly related to the class of this material. However, the latter is a more accurate and specific meaning. After all, the quality of the finished concrete, in addition to the filler and the brand of cement, can be influenced by many other factors. For example, the type and purity of filler, sealer and binder, as well as pouring methods, hardening conditions, etc.
When determining the class of concrete, its grade, as well as correction factors, are taken into account. It is calculated according to the formula:
B = R*(0.0980655*(1 - 1.64*V)),
where R is the average strength of the material (grade),
V is the coefficient of variation.
We found out that there is such a thing as concrete grades. Both their characteristics (the correspondence table will clearly show this) and the scope of use in most cases coincide with the classes. However, the latter indicator is indicated not in kgf/cm², but in pascals. The parameter 0.0980655 in the above formula is precisely the transition coefficient from one unit of measurement to another.
So, a certain brand of concrete usually corresponds to its specific class in terms of strength. However, sometimes the average and actual strength of this material differ quite significantly. In this case, the brand and class may not match. For example, concrete grade M200, due to the not very high quality of the filler or cement, may be designated as B10, not B15. The number in the class of a material shows its ability to withstand certain loads in MPa. Thus, B25 concrete can withstand pressure of 25 MPa without harm.
Of course, its cost also depends on the class of material. The solution is usually sold by volume. That is, the unit of measurement for which the price of such material is determined is a cubic meter. So, 1 m³ of a solution of class M100 costs about 2000 rubles, M200 will cost about 2200 rubles, and M300 can be bought for 3500 rubles.
Compliance with brand and class
When carrying out various types of construction work Often you need to know what properties a particular type of solution differs from. Next, let's look at the qualities of specific brands of concrete. Both their characteristics (the table presented below will certainly be useful to many builders) and the scope of application, as already mentioned, in most cases correspond to the properties of a certain class.
Strength | Application |
||
As plaster |
|||
Installation of curb stones |
|||
Screeds, tracks |
|||
Foundations |
|||
Monolithic walls, reinforced concrete products |
|||
Bridges, bank vaults |
Concrete M100
Thus, we have reviewed in general terms what concrete grades are and their characteristics. The table shows that the scope of application of this material depends mainly on its strength. Next, let's take a closer look at how each class is specifically used. Material brand M100, for example, is not very strong. Therefore, it is usually used for plastering walls and carrying out preparatory work when pouring road surface or building a foundation. In the latter case, the so-called footing is made from this material - a flat platform on which the reinforcement frame is installed.
Often this concrete is also used when installing curbstones that are not subject to special loads, pouring low-traffic sidewalk paths, etc.
The scope of application is approximately the same. The material is quite durable for the construction of structures that are not subject to loads, but not reliable enough for pouring “serious” objects.
Brand M200
Concrete floors and screeds are usually made from class B15 concrete. This brand is also well suited for filling small stairs, paths, platforms, etc. Sometimes owners suburban areas Even foundations for houses with walls made of lightweight materials are built using such a solution. However, the M200 grade of concrete can be used for this purpose only on stable soils. Wherein groundwater must lie deep enough.
Concrete M300
A solution of this composition is an excellent answer to the question of what brand of concrete is best suited for the foundation. Also, stairs and fences are often cast from this class of material. This option is also good for construction. monolithic walls low-rise residential and commercial buildings. Brand M300 today is the most popular look concrete from owners of suburban areas.
M350
Pouring foundations and monolithic walls is what this brand of concrete (and class of concrete) is mainly used for. The table shows that material of such strength is also used for the manufacture of reinforced concrete products. These can be beams, floor slabs, etc. In addition, M300 concrete is often used for pouring screeds and floors. Sometimes homemade ones are made from it monolithic floors in formwork.
Concrete M400
This is a very durable type of material, used mainly in the construction of buildings and structures for special purposes. For example, pillars and decks of bridges are cast from it, bank safes and hydroelectric dams are made. The same concrete is also used to fill airfield runways.
Other indicators
So, most important parameters- this is the grade of concrete and the class of concrete. The table of their correspondences shows how durable one or another variety can be. Of course, the ability to withstand certain loads is the first thing you need to pay attention to when choosing concrete. However, there are other parameters that are no less important and determine the suitability of the material in a particular case. Therefore, there are grades of concrete not only in strength, but also in such indicators as frost resistance, moisture resistance and ductility.
The ability of concrete to withstand low temperatures
In conditions of average and northern latitudes the durability and reliability of finished concrete structures largely depends on such indicators as frost resistance. Previously, the brand of solutions in this regard was designated as MP3. Nowadays, concrete is classified by frost resistance with the letter F. The number following it characterizes the maximum number of freezing and thawing cycles that the material can withstand without loss of quality.
Like strength, a particular composition is determined experimentally. Samples are examined serially. In this case, the strength of concrete is preliminarily measured. Next, it undergoes several freeze/thaw cycles. On final stage its strength is again determined.
Currently, concrete of frost resistance grades from F25 to F1000 is produced. In private housing construction, the greatest resistance to low temperatures must, of course, have concrete for exterior use.
However, you should pay attention to this indicator not only when constructing houses in regions with a cold climate, but also when constructing such important structures as bridges, dams, airfield pavements, and roads.
Moisture resistance grades
This indicator is important to consider when choosing concrete intended for the construction of buildings and structures operated in conditions of high humidity. Water resistance is the ability of a material not to allow moisture to pass under pressure. In this regard, there are different types of concrete. There are only five main brands of water resistance: W2, W4, W6, W8, W12. Previously, the letter B was used to determine the quality of concrete by this indicator.
The number after W in the marking shows at what pressure in the water column the prototype does not allow water to pass through. Testing of concrete for moisture resistance is carried out using the “wet spot” method. In practice, two indicators of water resistance are usually used:
Modern industry produces not only ordinary, but also special, hydraulic concrete. This material is highly resistant to water. In its production, high-grade Portland cement or its plasticized version is used. There are special requirements for the quality of fillers. They should not contain any organic residues. The maximum permissible grain size used for manufacturing should be 5 mm.
Grades by plasticity
This parameter primarily affects workability. In certain cases, this indicator can be very important. For example, for pumping through pipelines or when pouring structures using machinery, sufficiently flowable concrete must be used.
The plasticity of a solution, as is known, increases with the addition of water. However, if there is too much of it, the concrete will lose strength. Therefore, to increase the mobility of the solution in our time, special additives are used - plasticizers.
This material is marked by fluidity with the letter P. In this regard, there are the following types concrete:
PK1 - the immersion depth of the cone is 1-4 mm.
PC2 - 4-8 mm.
PK3 - 8-12 mm.
PK4 - 12-14 mm.
Plasticity is determined as follows:
- They look at how much the concrete shrinks over a certain period of time.
A cone is made from tin with a wide side diameter of 200 mm and an apex angle of 30 degrees.
Fill it with concrete mixture using a tamper in three steps.
Level the concrete and turn the cone over onto a flat surface.
So, when buying a ready-made solution, first of all you should look at its strength class. If necessary, you should also make sure that the grades of its moisture resistance, frost resistance and mobility correspond certain conditions. In this case, the finished structure will be reliable and durable.
Concrete is the most popular building material. It is very durable, does not burn, and is not susceptible to destruction by mold and mildew. Over time, properly made concrete only becomes stronger. Concrete is very environmentally friendly material, so it consists of 100% natural components - sand, water, crushed stone (crushed stone) and cement (specially burnt and finely ground lime). Only in the rarest cases is construction done without concrete, and then only in those cases when it is not possible to prepare it.
Strength grades. Composition of concrete.
What is a strength grade for any building materials (concrete, mortar, brick, etc.) - this is the maximum load that the material can withstand per square centimeter.
If, for example, the brand of brick is 200, then this brick can withstand 200 kg per square centimeter. The surface area of the brick is 300 cm2. This means that one brick can withstand 300 cm2 200 kg = 60,000 kg.
In general, the strength of concrete is a rather variable parameter, and during the entire hardening process it increases. For example: in three days - there will be one strength, in a week - another (up to 70% of the design, with appropriate weather conditions). After a standard period of 28 days of normal hardening, the design (calculated) strength is achieved. Well, after six months it becomes even higher. In principle, concrete hardens and gains strength over many years.
Concrete grade M100.
To prepare concrete M100 you need:
- 1 bucket of cement grade 400
- 3 buckets of sand.
- 6 buckets of crushed stone (limestone), fraction 35.
Mainly used for grillage (foundation base) in the ground.
Concrete grade M200.
- 1 bucket of cement M 400.
- 2 buckets of sand.
- 5 buckets of crushed stone (from limestone), fraction 35.
We use it for the manufacture of load-bearing jumpers, purlins, reinforced belts along the perimeter of the building, blind areas, reinforced concrete floors, fill the brick columns inside with concrete.
Why does concrete burst?
Very often the concrete surface bursts, in finished products(ties, reinforced concrete lintels, reinforced concrete belts, etc.) when setting. This happens for several reasons and the most basic inaccurate formula for concrete is:
Much water
Theoretically, there is a strict formula for how much water needs to be poured to prepare concrete. If you pour too much water into concrete, it will delaminate, become airy (there will be a lot of air bubbles in the concrete) and lose some of its load-bearing capacity.
When you fill liquid concrete, then cement laitance (astringent) usually leaks out and it slightly loses its load-bearing capacity.
Most best concrete– very thick. Thanks to a vibrator or vibrating table, it is compacted, the pebbles in the concrete (crushed stone) fit as close to each other as possible. During the construction of nuclear power plants, water should never be added to imported concrete; this is strictly monitored.
Thick concrete
This kind of concrete is quite difficult to make and properly lay in “makeshift” conditions on a construction site.
We usually make concrete in a concrete mixer, neither thick nor liquid. When we place concrete into a product, we use a tamper or a vibrator or an ordinary stick.
To build a private house (compared to a nuclear power plant), there is no need to be too painstaking about concrete.
Even if here I write out the exact formula for adding the required amount of water to concrete, the first rain will wet the sand and this formula will no longer work correctly, since the sand is wet, the concrete will turn out to be too liquid. Sometimes they also bring wet crushed stone.
The exact formula for adding water to concrete is mainly used in production, where the materials are under cover and have relatively uniform humidity.
So: it is best to navigate by cement. That is, if you add one bucket of cement to the mixer, then there is slightly less water than a bucket. There's less to see after the rain. Ideally, the result should be slightly thick concrete.
If, for example, you make a reinforced concrete screed that is too liquid, it will definitely sink a few mm to the bottom and burst:
Why does a reinforced concrete screed burst?
This happens because the concrete delaminates - the heavy filler (crushed stone) goes to the bottom, and the lighter filler (sand) goes to the top. It turns out that there is too much sand on the surface of the screed, and sand screed without mesh and plasticizer it will definitely burst.
If there is too much water in concrete, then the surfaces of almost all reinforced concrete products will burst.
If, for example, after a few hours you find cracks on the surface of the concrete, then do not be too upset; as long as the concrete is fresh, you can smooth out the cracks with a trowel.
Not enough coarse filler (crushed stone)
The fact is that if you know the formula for the brand of concrete you need, you successfully pour the concrete, but after some time the quality of the concrete is not the same. For example, in one place the concrete surface is perfect and in another it is cracked.
This can happen if you first used large crushed stone, and then small ones!
Very often, cracks on the surface of concrete can appear if you were brought too small crushed stone (or with garbage). Then it is necessary to pour more crushed stone (fine) and less sand. For example, pour more crushed stone into one bucket, and one bucket less sand.
The concrete must be “hard,” that is, there must be as much mortar in the concrete as needed to envelop each crushed stone (pebble).
If there is little solution (cement and sand) in the concrete, then the crushed stone will not be completely enveloped and the concrete will be weak.
If there is too much mortar in the concrete, its surface will burst (tear). Visually, concrete should not be “greasy” from large quantity solution in it.
Therefore, even if you know the exact formula of concrete, you must ensure that the concrete contains the maximum amount of crushed stone and that it is “hard.”
Scorching sun rays.
It is not advisable for poured reinforced concrete products to be exposed to scorching heat for a long time Sun rays. If it is too hot and dry, the surface of the concrete may crack from drying too quickly. Concrete should set under normal conditions.
If you cannot avoid the scorching sun, then it is enough to simply water the concrete more often.
Poorly mixed concrete.
It is also important to completely mix the concrete mixture in a concrete mixer. To ensure that the concrete does not stick and is quickly mixed in the mixer, it is necessary to follow the order in which the materials are loaded into it.
First, pour water into the concrete mixer, but not completely, but slightly less than normal. Then we throw half the amount of crushed stone into the concrete mixer, then all the cement. Let's wait a little and throw in all the sand.
At the end we throw in the remaining half of the crushed stone. Wait a few seconds and, if necessary, add the rest of the water.
Due to the fact that we throw the cement after the crushed stone and water, it will not stick and mixes well with the crushed stone.
For clarity, let’s look again at the supply of materials to a concrete mixer for preparing a concrete mixture. To make concrete quickly and without it sticking in a concrete mixer you need to:
- Pour almost the entire amount of water into the concrete mixer (just add a little).
- We throw half the amount of crushed stone into a concrete mixer (a little more is possible).
- We fill in all the cement.
- We throw in all the sand.
- We fill in the remaining half of the crushed stone.
- If necessary, add the rest of the water a little at a time.
The sand is of poor quality.
If you use sand that contains too much clay, this will adversely affect the quality of the concrete.
Too much cement
If you put too much cement in the concrete mixture, it may break as the concrete sets.
Freezing
Oddly enough, no matter how high the grade of concrete, it is very afraid of frost (without special additives).
For example, they made a blind area around the house late autumn. The weather is damp and cool. The concrete set slowly. Two weeks later there were frosts for a couple of nights.
On next year In the spring, the blind area began to peel off (peel off). The frozen blind area burst and upper layer(30 mm) peeled off.
Complete setting of concrete (almost 100%) under normal conditions occurs after 28 days. That is, if you poured a reinforced concrete slab, you can install it earlier, but it will only be able to bear the design load after 28 days.
In cold times (winter), concrete can be protected from freezing in several ways:
- Cover concrete products with foam plastic or other insulation.
- Add special additives (anti-freeze).
- Most effective remedy, so that concrete does not freeze - it is potash.
Instructions for using potash should be on the packaging.
You can speed up the setting of concrete by heating it. To do this, we place in a concrete product (for example, a reinforced reinforced concrete belt) tungsten filament braided and connected to the transformer.
Another way to warm up concrete is to insert electrodes into a concrete product (fresh concrete), for example a reinforced concrete floor, and connect the electrodes to a transformer or welding machine.
As long as the concrete has moisture, electricity and therefore heat will pass through it. The heated concrete will set, the moisture will disappear, and the transformer (welding machine) will stop working.
We choose the right materials for making concrete.
The water should theoretically be clean. It is not advisable to use it for preparing concrete. rainwater, fatty water, water containing oils (for example, an oil barrel for water).
Most the best option for the production of critical concrete (load-bearing lintels, reinforced concrete floors, etc.), use clean tap water.
For the manufacture of screeds and the like (not responsible concrete), you can use not entirely pure water, for example: water from rivers, lakes, rain and the like.
Very often we use water from wells and wells to make concrete - good result.
Crushed stone
Most often for the production of concrete we use crushed stone - limestone, fraction 20 - 35. Limestone is not a bad material and is also the cheapest in our area.
To increase the strength of concrete, you can use stronger crushed stone, for example dolomite or granite. But as practice shows, granite is more often phonite (the background radiation is exceeded).
Types of crushed stone fraction: 
Cement
Most often, we use grade 400 cement to prepare concrete. Almost all cement manufacturing plants produce cement of the same brand, but unfortunately the quality is different for everyone (as practice shows).
Detailed description some cement manufacturers, which cement is better and which one is not worth buying can be found here.
Most often we use Balakleyevsky cement M 400 marked ShPTs ӏӏ/B-Sh-400.
Sand
Theoretically, the best sand is quarry sand. Since the grains of sand are irregular in shape (rougher), the adhesion area of the sand is correspondingly higher. River sand (sea sand) has a smoother grain shape than quarry sand.
A serious disadvantage of quarry sand is the presence of clay! For example, our quarry sand is mined by washing. That is, sand is washed out from the depths and supplied to the surface through a pipe (such as a dredge). In such alluvial sand, there are some layers of clay.
River sand is also not always ideal; there is clay.
Usually we remember that there is more clay in such and such a quarry, but it is cheaper, then we use it for backfilling or in non-critical concrete.
Or in another quarry there are a lot of small stones in the sand, but no clay, then we use it to prepare concrete. Since there are many small stones in the sand, the solution (for brickwork) we do not order it (or sow it through a sieve, if necessary).
Myths of concrete steaming
There is a myth that steamed concrete products (cinder block, euro fence, etc.) have increased strength.
Manufacturers of steamed concrete products tell developers that steaming makes their products stronger than their competitors and increases the price.
Unfortunately, steaming does not increase the strength of concrete (well, the maximum is 0.5%). The only and main task of steaming concrete products is to accelerate the setting of concrete.
You may ask, why then increase the cost of a durable camera?
Just for example:
- Release the form faster (remove the form).
- Do not increase the size of storage facilities (in which concrete products will mature).
- Sell concrete products faster, and the like.
Steaming concrete products speeds up their setting by approximately two times. That is, for example concrete block under normal conditions, it takes 28 days to acquire almost 100% strength, then a steamed block will gain almost 100% in 15 days.
Summary: steamed concrete is practically no different from ordinary concrete that has matured under NORMAL CONDITIONS!
Normal conditions for concrete ripening are:
- So that the concrete does not dry out (from the scorching rays of the sun).
- To prevent concrete from freezing (without antifreeze additives).
- For concrete to mature at temperatures from +5 ˚С to + 25 ˚С
Technical characteristics of concrete.
A little about the weight of concrete. This information will be useful to you during the manufacture of concrete formwork. Concrete is heavy, so when making formwork for concrete, care must be taken to ensure that the formwork can support the weight of the concrete.
One m3 of concrete weighs from 0.5 to 2.5 tons, depending on the filler. The weight of any material is calculated thanks to its density. Concrete density ρ (rho) from 0.5 t/m3 to 2.5 t/m3. We multiply one m3 of concrete by density (rho) and get the weight of concrete.
1 m3 of ordinary concrete weighs about 2.2 tons.
If you are making ceiling formwork (for concrete), then it will be very easy for you to calculate how much kilogram of pressure per m2 of formwork. For example, you just need to multiply one by the thickness of the concrete and the density of the concrete (2.2 tons): 1 (m2) 0.2 m (thickness concrete ceiling) 2.2 t = 0.44 t (or 440 kg).
One m2 of formwork is pressed by 200 mm thick concrete weighing 440 kg.
Summary: as you can see, concrete weighs quite a lot, so when making formwork (for concrete), you should not skimp on materials, so as not to redo it later.
Composition of concrete for construction small house:
- Concrete of two grades: M 100 for grillage and M 200 for other reinforced concrete products.
- The composition of the concrete is not very thick, with a maximum amount of crushed stone, from good cement And good fillers.
- Create normal conditions for the maturation of concrete (to make it durable and of high quality).
- Do not steam concrete (unless there is a need to accelerate the setting of concrete).
- When making formwork, first calculate the weight of the concrete product so that the formwork does not get crushed.
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Preparation of concrete for the foundation
- Concrete selection
- Preparing the mixture
- Quantity calculation
The foundation is the basis for any building. It must be strong enough to support the weight of the building. The foundation can be strip, pile, columnar or tiled.
Types of foundation: strip, columnar, monolithic, pile, slab, floating, screw.
Concrete as a building material will be the most best choice.
This foundation is suitable for any type of house, even if it has a basement. In order for the foundation of the house to be strong, it is necessary to choose the right concrete for the foundation.
Concrete selection
Concrete classification scheme by grade.
Everyone knows that concrete comes in different types. The strength of the entire building will depend on the type of mixture. The grade of concrete for the foundation of a house is what people pay attention to first. The most common brands:
- M 400 is the most durable concrete. It can be used for the construction of structures that will have to withstand enormous loads. These are, for example, bridges, hydraulic structures, industrial enterprises. This class of concrete contains plasticizers and granite;
- M350 – has slightly less strength than M400. Mainly used in the construction of residential multi-storey buildings;
- M250 – used for the construction of wooden houses, landings, floors with a small load;
- M200 is the most universal brand. Strip foundations are most often made from such concrete.
To choose concrete for the foundation, you also need to pay attention to the soil. If the soil has high stability to moisture (sand or granite), then the W-2 brand is quite suitable. The problem arises if the construction of the house will be carried out on clay soil. Clay freezes in winter and increases significantly in volume. If the concrete is laid shallow under the foundation, it may rise slightly. Moreover, it will rise unevenly, depending on how much water is saturated clayey areas land. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to lay concrete on the foundation as deep as possible so that its level is below the freezing level of the clay. In this case, ready-mixed concrete for the home needs to be taken of a higher grade.
http://youtu.be/VZLZd7yKa2A
Another important factor influencing the choice of concrete grade will be the type of foundation itself. In this case, the choice depends on the presence of a basement in the house. Commercial grade concrete for a home with a basement must be waterproof. You may even have to organize additional external insulation from moisture. There are several options for getting out of this situation:
- you can buy any suitable concrete, which does not necessarily have waterproofing properties. And make external insulation using roll or coating products. It's relative cheap option;
- you can take the middle class of concrete, mixing it with additional impregnation. This is a rather dangerous option. Only professionals should do this kind of work. No one can say for sure what the result will be in this case. Perhaps the foundation will be strong, or, for example, a wall collapse may occur;
- The third way is to simply use high-quality grades of concrete for foundations that have waterproof properties. This class of concrete sets easily and quickly and is laid well. You will have to spend money on building material, but there should be no problems;
- the fourth method is the use of special waterproofing concrete compositions with various additives that increase moisture protection.
If you have to lay a foundation in a fairly aggressive environment, that is, where there is a huge amount of salts and other chemicals in the soil, then you need to pay attention to sulfate-resistant concrete. Finding this class of building material will be difficult, since stores mainly sell only ordinary ones. If possible, you can make a special order at the factory. Sulfate-resistant concrete for foundations is produced in very limited quantities. Often you have to cope on your own and add additional additives to the mixture.
Preparing the mixture
Proportions of cement consumption for brick laying.
The required brand of concrete can be purchased at any hardware store. After selecting the foundation mixture of the desired brand, you can begin making the solution. This can be done without professional help. If you follow the instructions exactly, the foundation will be strong and the house will stand on it for centuries.
To work you will need:
- concrete mixer;
- sand;
- gravel;
- crushed stone;
- sifter
River sand is good for a concrete foundation, but don’t be upset if you can’t get it anywhere. Sand and crushed stone can be different. It will even do quarry sand. The main thing is that it is clean and free of clay impurities. First of all, the sand needs to be sifted through a special sieve so that it becomes fine and without any kind of stones. Very often crushed stone is mixed with soil. Since the earth includes organic substances in its composition, it also should not get into ready-mixed concrete. Therefore, before use, the crushed stone must be rinsed thoroughly under a hose.
The concrete under the foundation will mainly consist of cement. There should be approximately three times less other additives in the solution. After the components are correctly distributed, the dry mixture is placed in a concrete mixer and rotated there several times. This is necessary so that the mixture becomes more homogeneous. And only after that you can add clean water. Water should make up about 20% of the total concrete solution, then it will have the correct average viscosity. If you pour too much water, the filler will rise to the top and the consistency of the solution will be disrupted. This class of mortar is not suitable; it will quickly begin to develop cracks. The strength of the foundation will be greatly reduced. You should be aware that sea water cannot be used to prepare the solution; it must be clean. Even factories use drinking water.
Read also: Auger for transporting cement
Quantity calculation
Scheme for calculating the amount of concrete for a strip foundation.
Ready solution It sets quickly and cannot be reused. If too much solution is prepared, then you will simply have to throw away the excess. It turns out that your money will be thrown away along with it. To avoid such a nuisance, it is necessary to accurately calculate required quantity mortar for the foundation. First you need to find out what kind of shrinkage the brand you are using has. The greater the shrinkage, the more concrete will be needed. For the foundation of a parallelepiped-shaped house, calculating the required amount of mortar is not so difficult. There is even a special calculation formula. First, the length is multiplied by the width and height, and then the resulting figure is multiplied by the shrinkage coefficient. We divide what we get by 1.05 (this is the volume that will be occupied additional elements, for example, fittings). To calculate a foundation of a different shape, you will have to remember the geometry.
http://youtu.be/LcUf9TT4QNg
There is one more interesting fact: when mixing different grades of concrete for the foundation, you can get required solution a completely different class. The finished solution must be used in two hours before it hardens. That's all you need to know about concrete foundations in order for the construction to be successful.
Page 2
- Reinforcement
- Manufacturing
- Tools
- Installation
- Calculation
- Repair
1pobetonu.ru
Brands of concrete: how to choose the right brand of concrete
Any person, even those far from construction, knows this construction concept, like concrete, and the adjective concrete associates with something very durable.
This is not surprising; perhaps there is no construction work in which concrete is not used. The foundations of houses are poured from concrete, monolithic frames buildings. Concrete is used to construct floor subfloors, pour floors in garages and factories, and make subfloors indoors from concrete. Special grades of concrete are used to pour concrete pools and build runways at airports. Concrete is the main material for the production of construction and road slabs, foundation blocks. In general, concrete is everywhere in construction. So what is concrete?
What is concrete
Concrete is a mixture of four constituent materials: cement, sand, crushed stone and water. The components of concrete are mixed in special proportions, forming a thick mortar, which after hardening forms a durable, monolithic product. Due to its fluidity when mixed, concrete can be given any shape using the so-called formwork.
Proportions of cement, sand, crushed stone, water in concrete mortar are strictly calculated, but are not constant values. Depending on the proportions of its components, concrete is divided into concrete grades. The main difference in concrete grades is the strength of the resulting concrete product and, as a consequence, various areas of its application.
Concrete grades and cement grades
Often, the grades of concrete are confused with the grade of cement used. This is partly true, but not entirely correct. Let me give you an example, on M300 concrete. For concrete M300 possible following proportions components:
- cement M400 - 1 kg, 1.9 kg of sand, 3.7 kg of crushed stone.
- Or cement M500 - 1 kg, 2.4 sand, 4.3 crushed stone.
As you can see different brands cement, used for one brand of concrete.
Concrete grades and concrete class
There is such a thing as ready-mixed concrete. Ready-mixed concrete is concrete manufactured in a factory and ready for delivery to the site by special machines. The second name for ready-mixed concrete is BSG- concrete mixture ready.
According to the standards, ready-mixed concrete is designated by the grade of concrete and the class of concrete. For example, concrete grade M300, class B22.5. The grade of concrete indicates the technology of its production, and the class of concrete shows its quality characteristics. Typically, the class of concrete is tied to its grade and concrete is designated by the grade of concrete with an additional indication in parentheses of the concrete class. For example, concrete grade M150 and concrete class B12.5 are the same product, which is labeled as ready-mixed concrete M150 (B12.5).
Let's see how concrete differs between different brands.
Ready-mixed concrete grades
In listing the grades of concrete, we will go from “hard to soft”, that is, from hard grades of concrete to “softer” ones, it is correct to say lightweight concrete.
Concrete M550, class B45 is the most durable ready-mixed concrete. The proportions of cement in concrete grade M550 are maximum. Used in production processes in the manufacture of special reinforced concrete products and in the construction of hydraulic structures.
Concrete M500, class B40, similar to concrete M550. Its purpose is also for buildings and products that are constantly in contact with water. Concrete grades M500 and M550 are extremely expensive.
Concrete grades M400, class B35 and M450, class B30, also belong to high-strength concrete, and are used in civil construction of structures close to water (waterworks, metro), as well as premises for reinforced concrete products special purpose and bank vaults.
Concrete grade M350, class B25. This concrete is used for foundations multi-storey buildings. This concrete is the main one in the production of reinforced concrete products, monolithic construction, production of road slabs and hollow slabs floors. M350 concrete is indispensable for pouring concrete pools, load-bearing columns, and runways. In private construction, the use of M350 concrete is not rational.
Concrete grade M300, class B22.5. Popular ready-mixed concrete for the construction of strip, pile and other monolithic foundations, popular in private construction.
Concretes M200, class B15 and M250, class B20 are similar concretes in characteristics and applications. The foundations of low-rise buildings and small staircases are made from such concrete. This concrete is used to construct paths and blind areas around the house. It is quite reasonable to use concrete M200 or M250 for flooring in the garage.
Concrete grade M150, class B12.5, is called lightweight concrete. Concrete of this brand is most common in private construction and rough finishing of premises. It is used to install subfloors in the house, fill walking paths, and level floors with screeds.
Concrete grade M100, class B7.5. Lightweight concrete used in preparatory work before reinforcement and in the construction of foundations.
Concrete grades M50 and M75. More often called cement mortars. Used in laying bricks and wall blocks, plastering works. It is distinguished by the absence of crushed stone and a large amount of cement and sand in the composition. In the everyday life of builders, such a solution is rarely called concrete. A more correct name is cement mortar or sand mixture.
About concrete hardening
When working with all types of concrete, we remember the following:
The technological strength of concrete is achieved within 28-30 days from the moment it is poured;
Strength of 60% is achieved after 7-8 days;
Durability sufficient for walking comes after three days.
The maximum strength of high grade concrete is achieved after 6 months. That is why it is better to build private houses a season after pouring the foundation.
It is important to ensure uniform, natural drying of the concrete, and at elevated temperatures it is necessary to pour (wet) the drying concrete for a week and cover the concrete with polyethylene for the entire time it gains strength.
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High-tech concretes in Russia
We (Volodin and Abramov) Hack the recipes of any foreign concrete technologies. > > > > > Technology No. 01 Self-compacting concrete
(consistency of honey)
We can produce real self-compacting concrete SF3 according to EN 206-1 (and not the garbage that is made and passed off in Russia as self-compacting concrete).
01. Glossy concrete
02. Pouring densely reinforced structures
03. Injection (injection through a tube)
04. Construction of high-rise buildings (from 40 floors)
The development time for such concrete is 1 week.
Here's our video of (real!) self-compacting concrete:
> > > > > Technology No. 02 Perpetual cement slurries (for the oil industry) “heroin” for the oil industry Do you produce oil? A lot of oil? Did you know that the markup on dry tampon mixture is from 400% (almost like heroin)? Moreover, most mixtures have the strength of home plaster. This is one of the most conservative areas of concrete science. Oil workers are not experts in concrete. This is used by enterprising guys all over the world.Do you want us to “hack” the formulation of Western cement slurries? (only samples of these mixtures from you)
Development time (or “hacking” of Western technology): up to 6 months
Why are we the best in concrete technology?
Volodin Vladimir Mikhailovich (technical director)
01. Brought the grade of concrete to the incredible M2500
(having obtained the strongest mass-produced concrete in Europe)
02. Participated in exposing concrete in the Moscow City high-rises
03. Developed high-strength concrete for the Vostochny Cosmodrome
04. Wrote a dissertation on high-strength concrete
06. Winner of international competitions in concrete science (list)
08. Inventor (patent holder)
Abramov Dmitry Alexandrovich (director)
01. Introduced the technology at more than ten large factories in the CIS
02. Found a site with a raw material base for the production of the cheapest high-strength concrete (in Europe)
03. Inventor
Why is it easy with us?
01. We get results in ANY region
02. We DO NOT sell anything
03. You DO NOT have to buy equipment
04. Concrete only from your LOCAL components
05. Someone will do better? We will pay you ourselves!
Need more information?
Come for a visit! We are located at a HUGE concrete plant Address: Russia, Tolyatti, Nikonova 52 International. Airport: KUF (Kurumoch) (40 min drive to us) Railway station: Zhigulevskoe Sea (6 min drive to us)