Learn to grow real wild mushrooms in your dacha or personal plot It seems like a rather difficult task, but in fact, the task is quite doable.

Boletus and aspen mushrooms, boletus, chanterelles and porcini mushrooms that you grew yourself will delight you with nutritious dishes in the summer and delicious preserves in the winter.

The big advantage of such mushrooms, unlike store-bought ones, is the confidence that they are grown without the addition of chemicals, in an environmentally friendly place.

For successful cultivation mushrooms in the country need to be created certain conditions: the site must contain trees of the same species as the trees near which the mushrooms grew in nature.

Mycelium (fungus root) penetrates into root system tree, receiving nutrition and giving away excess moisture. A close connection is established that the fungal spores “remember.” Most often such trees are: birch, aspen, pine, spruce or oak. Two or three trees on your site are enough to create a favorable microclimate.

Growing forest mushrooms depends not only on correct landing, but also from other factors: weather conditions, natural precipitation, average daily temperature. At favorable conditions The first harvest can be harvested already at next year, and this harvest can be 2-3 kg of mushrooms per 1 sq.m. your garden.

To grow wild mushrooms on a plot, several methods are used. They are suitable both for obtaining planting material and for directly growing the mushroom.

Method 1 - Grind and crumble

The easiest way to sow porcini mushroom, boletus and boletus:

1. in the area of ​​the tree's root system, remove a layer of soil, approximately 10 cm
2. chop the young mushrooms, which consist of mycelium threads
3. scatter finely chopped mushrooms over the removed soil
4. Cover everything on top with a layer of damp leaf or spruce compost
5. As the cover dries, it must be moistened.

You will get your first harvest (of several mushrooms) next season.

Method 2 - Transfer the soil layer

One of the simplest ways to grow forest mushrooms (butterfly, saffron milk cap, boletus, boletus) is to transfer the top layer of soil, along with the sprouted mycelium, from the forest to the summer cottage:

• mark the place in the forest where the mushroom you like grows
• at the end of the season, remove a layer of soil, about the size of a spade, and transfer it to the site
• the time between removing the soil and planting should be minimal to avoid drying out.

Important: Please ensure that inedible mushrooms do not grow nearby. Make sure the soil is not contaminated with their spores. The mushroom is more likely to take root under the same type of tree from which you took the soil.

Method 3 - Mushroom "seedlings"

This method is more complex, but brings best result, since the seeds (mycelium) of the fungus will be adapted to planting and have a sufficient food supply.

1. select old, overgrown mushrooms
2. place them in a container or bucket
3. fill with rainwater or well water (do not use tap water)
4. Place the container in a dark room with a constant temperature of approximately 20 degrees for several days. After a while, the mushrooms will spread into threads.
5. add gelatin and wheat flour to the mixture, one tablespoon at a time, stirring wooden spoon or with a stick
6. Spray this solution on the areas in the area that you have designated for growing mushrooms.

In a year, the fungal spores will germinate, penetrate the root system of the tree, and after 2-3 years they will begin to bear fruit.

There is another option for awakening spores: after you chop and add water to old mushrooms, you need to add “French” (dry) yeast to this mixture at the rate of 2 teaspoons per 1 liter of mixture.

After a month, the mushroom pulp will settle to the bottom, and you can use the resulting liquid for sowing. Keep in mind that the solution is concentrated. For sowing, add 1 cup of solution per barrel of water.

After this, you can start sowing mushrooms: using garden watering can water the tree trunks under which the mushrooms will grow.

Method 4 - Tree replanting

The longest and most labor-intensive method. It consists of transplanting several young trees from the forest, near which the mushrooms we need were already growing, into the garden. Here you need to be patient, because the harvest will take quite a long time, several years.

Although the method is not simple, thanks to it, you can grow the most complex mushrooms, for example, butterfly, which will bear fruit from May to September. Overall, it's worth trying!

When growing wild mushrooms, you should follow a few tips. They will help you, no matter which method of planting mushrooms you choose:

1. Choose the coolest time of day for planting
2. the soil must be constantly moist. If possible, arrange drip irrigation
3. Place the planting site in dense shade, within a meter radius from the tree trunk
4. in the spring, add fertilizers with a growth activator to the soil
5. best time for planting mycelium - the period from late summer to early autumn
6. wild mushrooms do not take root well under fruit trees

Method 5 - Oyster mushroom

Of all the mushrooms, the most not picky and not demanding special care- oyster mushroom. IN Lately Many enterprises have appeared that breed, grow and sell planting material - grain sterile mycelium.

Oyster mushroom naturally grows on dead wood, preferring birch and poplar. For self-cultivation you will need to prepare chocks hardwood tree no more than 30cm long and no less than 15cm wide. Soak them in water for two days. In the prepared logs, drill holes at least 10 cm deep or make cuts with a saw. These holes are filled with moistened mycelium.

To ensure that the wood retains moisture, dig the base and cover it with moss, straw or sawdust, and cover with burlap. This method allows you to harvest for 2-4 years, until the logs completely rot.

Typically, mushrooms that you transplant from their natural habitat begin to bear fruit at the same time as their forest “counterparts,” but under favorable conditions the harvest can be several times greater. Don’t be afraid to experiment, and also be patient, and you can create a real forest clearing on your site.

Published by DecorateMe. Updated January 31, 2019.

Do you love mushrooms, but don't have time to pick them? Don’t worry, start growing mushrooms in your dacha yourself. The main thing is to know how to do it correctly in order to get a guaranteed harvest.

Growing mushrooms in the country is convenient because you can control this process, creating the most favorable conditions for their growth. And what about in the forest: there was a dry summer, and then early frosts of the soil and that’s it - there will be no harvest of forest mushrooms! If you don’t want to depend on the vagaries of nature, feel free to try growing mushroom plantations on your site.

White mushroom (boletus)

This handsome man, the king of all mushrooms, can be safely moved from the forest to your own plot, and if the outcome is favorable, you will receive an impressive harvest next year.
There are several ways to breed forest boletus.

Mycelium transplant

Few resort to this method, since the outcome of the operation depends on careful adherence to the technology. Judge for yourself, it is quite difficult to dig up a mycelium and move it to your site without damaging it. Nevertheless, many have succeeded, and you should try it too.

The transferred mycelium should interact with the roots of shrubs and trees, so choose a place on the site where you have deciduous or coniferous trees and bushes! It is extremely important to plant the white mushroom under the same tree from which the mycelium was dug out.

So, choose on your site appropriate place and prepare the ground next to the right tree. To do this, remove 20-30 cm of the top layer of soil at a distance of 0.5 m from the tree trunk. At the bottom of the formed hole, lay ready-made compost from fallen leaves and tree dust, and sprinkle a small layer of earth on top. Now you can lay a layer of soil with mycelium, water it and sprinkle it with a layer of leaves. If the weather is dry in the first 14 days after planting, periodically water the mycelium.

Growing mushrooms from mycelium

One of the most popular methods among mushroom pickers. You can buy ready-made mycelium - it is freely available in many garden stores. Before implementing this method, prepare the site and soil. Choose a location in the shade of trees where the soil is moist. At a distance of 0.5 m from the tree trunk, remove upper layer soil to a depth of 0.5 m. Calculate the area of ​​the hole in advance based on the amount of mycelium acquired.

This is what mushroom mycelium looks like

Prepare a substrate from dust, sawdust and leaves. Place it on the bottom of the hole in a layer of about 20 cm. Sprinkle it with soil on top (about 10 cm). Next, lay a mixed layer of soil and compost. Now you can lay mycelium mixed with soil on top of this. Distribute it by hand, compacting it evenly. Sprinkle soil on top and water, cover with fallen leaves.

Ready-made substrates for planting porcini mushrooms, as well as mycelium, are sold in specialized stores. These mixtures are an excellent alternative to forest mycelium.
After planting the mycelium, the area must be watered regularly. If planting the mycelium is successful, the harvest will appear next year. This mycelium can bear fruit in 2 to 5 years.

Mushroom seedlings

The easiest way to grow porcini mushrooms is from mushroom seedlings. To do this, just finely chop or mince the mushroom caps. Then pour the resulting substance with water and leave for a day. During this time, you can start preparing the site. Dig up the soil under the selected tree and generously fertilize it with compost (same as in the methods described above). Pour mushroom infusion over the prepared area and sprinkle leaves on top.

If there are no forest trees on your site, do not despair - try planting mushrooms near wooden buildings with shadow side. And remember that the porcini mushroom does not like fruit trees, so try to avoid such proximity.

In cold winters, do not forget to sprinkle the mycelium with compost, and, if necessary, cover with polyethylene or roofing felt.

The optimal time for planting porcini mushrooms is from May to September. Mushrooms should be planted in the ground at dusk.

Boletus (redhead)

As you already understood from the name, this mushroom mainly grows in aspen groves. Sometimes it can be found in mixed forests. If you undertake to grow a mushroom in the country, then the issue of choosing a site should be approached as carefully as in the case of porcini mushroom.

Boletus, like many other forest mushrooms, is a mycorrhizal fungus. This means that it forms a symbiosis with the roots of trees, i.e. mutually beneficial cohabitation. Therefore, the site must have aspen, birch or oak. Plant your future plantation in the shade of these trees.

Boletuses can be bred using:

Spore (mushroom seedlings)

Spores are formed on bottom side caps of overgrown mushrooms. This is what you should prepare: add water and leave for several hours. Use the resulting infusion of spores in water to water the area you have chosen for growing mushrooms. The caps can also be dried and used as seed material. Germinating spores form mycelium (mycelium).

Fruiting bodies

Collect young boletuses in the forest, chop them and bury them in your area in the top layer of soil in the shade of trees.

Mycelium

Wild mycelium can be collected from the forest by digging up along with the soil and trees. This way you will move the mycelium to your site, just as in the case of boletus mushrooms. Or you can buy ready-made mycelium in the store.

Setting up a mushroom plantation and care

Prepare compost. Spread it on the ground plastic film, lay leaves and wood dust with manure on it in layers, taken in a ratio of 9:1. Fill the pile warm water and leave for a week. During this time it should warm up to a temperature of 35-40°C. Now you can shovel it until smooth and leave it for another 5 days.

Redheads can be planted from mid-May to September (in warmer regions - from early May).

In the selected area around the tree, dig a hole 30 cm deep and 2 sq.m. in area. If the tree's roots are at or close to the surface of the soil, remove only the top layer.

Fill the hole with compost. If it is deep, then lay the compost to ground level; if it is shallow, lay it out in layers, alternating compost (10-12 cm) and soil (5-6 cm), until the height of the layers reaches 50 cm above ground level.

Then, at a distance of 25-30 cm, make holes 20 cm deep. Dip pieces of boletus mycelium into them and cover them with soil. Immediately water the plantation with water at the rate of 20 liters per 1 sq.m and cover with a layer of fallen leaves or forest litter.

Don’t forget to insulate the mycelium for the winter

In order for the mycelium to take root, it is useful to feed it with a sugar solution: 10 g of sugar per 10 liters of water. In summer, keep the soil slightly moist. Water the area periodically, especially during dry periods. For the winter, cover it with a layer of fallen leaves, moss or spruce branches, and in the spring do not forget to remove them.

Under favorable conditions, boletus fruiting begins the very next year after the plantation is established. The yield is 5-15 mushrooms per 1 sq.m. With proper care, the mushroom clearing will delight you with a harvest for 4-5 years. After this period, the mushroom mycelium must be replanted using the same method.

boletus

The next “forest dweller” beloved by many mushroom pickers is the boletus, which is also not difficult to grow on your own.

The boletus, like any forest mushroom, for normal life and growth requires not a stump, but living tree. From its root system, the mycelium absorbs carbohydrates and amino acids, giving the tree moisture, mineral compounds and natural antibiotics that protect it from pests and diseases. Therefore, it is extremely important that the mushroom zone is as close as possible to the natural habitat of the fungus.

As for the growing methods, they are the same as for boletus and boletus.

Reproduction by spores

Finely chop the overripe mushrooms and mix with one spoon of flour and gelatin powder. Pour the mixture into the moist soil under mature trees. The spores will germinate and form a mushroom root. After a few seasons you can expect the first harvest.

Growing from fruiting bodies

Select young boletus specimens, chop them and bury them in the top layer of soil next to the root system of the tree. The fruiting bodies form mycelium, and within a year, with good soil moisture, you can get a small harvest of 2-3 mushrooms.

Alternatively, in rainy weather, you can scatter small pieces of young mushrooms under the trees and cover them with fallen leaves. The formation of mycelium will be no less effective.

Mycelium transplant

This is a labor-intensive and not always effective process. Find a young tree in the forest with boletus under it. Carefully dig up the mycelium and transfer it to your site. Place it under a deciduous or coniferous tree.

Do not place mushroom plantings next to fruit crops, since mushrooms form mycorrhizae and grow in symbiosis only with forest trees. Many mushrooms are even named after the trees near which they live (boletus, boletus).

Oiler grainy

This mushroom is very convenient to propagate by transplanting the mycelium.

If you notice a couple of small pines with a constant harvest of boletus mushrooms, you can safely transplant the mushrooms to your plot. Remember, boletus prefers lime-rich soils and indirect sunlight. The mycelium tolerates transplantation quite comfortably and takes root well. With regular watering (you need to water it especially generously in dry weather), after 3-4 years the first mushrooms will appear and will delight you with abundant fruiting throughout the season - every three weeks, starting in mid-May.

Country boletus is almost not susceptible to attacks by worms, and the size of their caps can reach 10 cm.

Ryzhik

Another wonderful mushroom that is so easy to “domesticate” is saffron milk cap!

For him, as for his forest brothers, it is also important to create the right conditions, as close as possible to natural ones. Saffron milk caps prefer to grow in the shade with good air circulation. The soil should be moist and contain rotting leaves and needles. It is important to ensure that with the onset of spring the area is not flooded with water, otherwise the mushrooms will die.

There are several ways to grow a plantation of saffron milk caps.

Sowing mycelium

As in previous cases, collect the caps, but this time of old mushrooms. Cut them finely and, after drying them on a cloth, carefully place them on damp soil. Tamp it down well, cover it with moss and water it with warm water. After 2 weeks, lift the moss: if greenish-purple threads are visible underneath it, similar to ordinary mold, and the caps have disappeared, then the mycelium has taken root.

Spruce saffron milk caps should be placed under spruce trees, and pine saffron milk caps should be placed under pine trees.

Transfer of mycelium

This method is also very effective in the case of sowing saffron milk caps. Carefully dig out the mycelium with a layer thickness of at least 25 cm, being careful not to damage it. Plant the mycelium as soon as possible so that it does not have time to dry out, and do not forget to regularly moisten the soil.

The first mushrooms will germinate only next year after you have planted the mycelium or transferred the mycelium. You need to collect them by carefully cutting the stem and trying not to damage the root. If you do not follow this rule, then the number of mushrooms will only decrease every year.

Of course, not every summer resident can grow a crop of wild mushrooms on their own the first time. However, don't despair. Try to tame different “forest inhabitants”, look for optimal breeding methods, and very soon this labor-intensive process will be rewarded with the first harvest of homemade mushrooms.

1. Choosing a location. Sowing of mushrooms should be carried out under those trees under which they will form myceliums. To do this, scatter the spores under the trees. For example, porcini mushrooms grow well under pine trees, morels - under apple trees, boletus mushrooms - under blue spruce trees.
2. Sowing spores. The method is more effective than scattering pieces of mushrooms across a clearing or under trees. To obtain spores, simply soak the porous part of the mushrooms in water, let it sit overnight, and then water the areas under the trees with this water. Within a year, it will be possible to observe rooted mycelium.
3. Selection of trees taking into account the survival rate of forest mushrooms under them. To breed mycelium, one birch tree and as much space as possible under it is enough. The main thing is to choose trees for planting and propagating mushrooms that are naturally suitable for one or another species.

Reproduction methods

Mushroom propagation garden plot possible in several ways.

1. Grind young mushrooms, dig them with mycelium threads closer to the roots of aspen or birch. Even porcini mushrooms can be grown in this way.
2. Collect young mushrooms in the forest in rainy weather, arrange them in a pile under a birch or aspen, covering them with leaves. If you moisten the soil regularly, then within a year the first new mushrooms will appear.
3. Sow the mycelium from the spores, adding gelatin (1 tbsp) and food flour, watering the area under the tree with a suspension of mature mushrooms. In a year, the spores will germinate, and in 2-3 years they will begin to bear fruit.
4. Plant several small trees on the site, under which mushrooms previously grew. The first harvest can be expected in 2–3 years. Young pines are not afraid of transplantation. They can be buried in the area near the berry bushes and watered more often in the future. Butterflies grow well in the country and are quite prolific on calcareous soils throughout the season, but the appearance of the first mushrooms after planting the trees will have to wait 2-3 years.

Features of growing oyster mushrooms in the garden

To grow oyster mushrooms, you will need to arrange a mycelium and purchase a nutrient mixture with mushroom spores - mycelium. Take care of mycelium better in autumn without covering the log until spring. It must be saturated and saturated with water for better reproduction of the mycelium with the onset of spring and the summer season.

1. To arrange the mycelium you need to prepare chocks from poplar, willow, birch with a diameter of 20–25 cm and up to 150 cm in length. The logs must be freshly cut or kept dry for no more than 1 year. Spores do not form in rotten wood.
2. Chocks need to be processed copper sulfate(2%), let dry.
3. Make indentations in the log up to 4 cm deep on the side that will further adjoin the ground, also saw through the ends of the chock.
4. Place the log in a shaded place with moderate humidity.
5. There is no need to dig up the area to place the log, the main thing is that it fits snugly along its entire length to the ground.
6. First you need to lay a layer of humus up to 5 cm thick, then drown the chock in it.
7. Sprinkle humus from the leaves on the sides of the chock, without filling the cuts made.
8. Mid-May is the best time to plant mycelium. The cuts need to be disinfected, spilled with a solution of potassium permanganate at boiling point, then rinsed with water and dried a little.
9. Sprinkle the log with hay and straw. It is important to create a moist but warm environment in the cuts for better mycelium propagation. The top can be covered with burlap treated with potassium permanganate, then with a film with holes made up to 50 pieces per 1 square meter. meter for air penetration.
10. For 2 months, the burlap should be sprayed regularly with water, keeping the area around the log moist. After 3-4 weeks you need to add more wood ash around the circumference of the log.
11. Has mycelium appeared? You can check it after a couple of months by removing the burlap with film or straw. Should appear in the cuts white coating. If it's not there, you can wait a little longer. The main thing is to always maintain humidity near the log. To avoid damage to the mycelium, it is better to water the log with settled warm water.
12. If everything is done correctly, oyster mushrooms should soon appear, which must be collected carefully, without harming the mycelium. In 1 year you can collect up to 3 mushroom harvests.
13. If there are no mushrooms in the cuts, the old mycelium must be removed, Disinfect the place and add a new portion of mycelium. If the harvest does not appear on all logs, it means that the wood logs are barren and infected with mold. The log must be burned, otherwise it will become a source of infection for other nearby logs.
14. Before winter, the block of wood should be covered with sawdust, pine needles, and spruce branches. Sprinkle snow on top. When the snow melts, you can check the condition of the mycelium.

Features of growing porcini mushrooms

To grow porcini mushrooms, you need to purchase mycelium in dry powder.

1. Choose a place to place it, preferably in the shade, under trees.
2. Dig a pit up to 30 cm deep, line it with tree bark and fallen leaves in a layer of up to 10 cm.
3. Lay out a layer of humus, then thin layer dry mycelium, after mixing it with dry soil and sand.
4. Cover the bed with plant remains, with a layer of up to 3 cm, then with a layer of soil up to 5 cm. This will be a mycelium.
5. Water the area by drip. Water from time to time, avoiding dryness in the mycelium.
6. It is not necessary to buy planting material, that is, mycelium in the store. For example, boletus mushrooms can be cut under birch trees, and from them the hymenophore is already the layer under the cap, twisting it through a meat grinder into minced meat and adding water in a ratio of 1x2. Then infuse the mixture until the pulp floats to the top and the mycelium settles to the bottom. The floating mixture must be skimmed off with a spoon, water added and until the spores become saturated.
7. Next, mix the resulting concentrate (1 tsp) with gelatin and starch, diluting with water (10 liters). You need to water the prepared tree 1-2 times a week.
8. The mycelium in the garden needs to be watered periodically; the first harvest will be possible no earlier than in 1 year.
9. “Domesticated” mushrooms need to be fertilized periodically. You can water it with regular coffee grounds to accelerate growth and protect against invasion, moths, and mold development. IN coffee grounds you can add mineral complexes and feed the mushroom bed, spreading the mixture evenly.
10. Along with planting mycelium, you can add hydrogel to the soil, then the plantation will not need frequent watering.

Features of growing honey mushrooms

The technology for growing honey mushrooms is quite simple and is not much different from the cultivation of other common mushrooms that create symbiosis with trees.

The planting procedure boils down to introducing mycelium or other seed material into the thickness of the tree and infecting wooden logs with the seed material.

To do this, cuts are made in the wood on the end and side surfaces or several holes are drilled with a depth of 5–6 cm and a diameter of 3–5 mm using a drill, which are then filled with mycelium. All cuts and holes filled with seed are covered with a mixture of earth and straw or dry grass.

The most in a simple way Planting honey mushrooms in a rotten log involves introducing mycelium into cracks or under the bark. For artificial cultivation of honey mushrooms, it is best to use grain mycelium, which is purchased at specialized enterprises and grown under sterile conditions in mycological laboratories.

For many, this method may not be applicable, but it is reliable and effective. Method of obtaining good harvest It will be useful only to those who have points of sale or farms for growing mushrooms in artificial conditions.

As seed material for growing honey mushrooms, you can successfully use pieces of mycelium obtained from fruiting parts of wood infected with fungal spores, stumps, trunks of fallen trees or used logs.

Parts of wood found in the forest or brought from a mushroom farm are examined for parts of a well-developed mycelium. They can be recognized by a white or white-cream coating or threads on the surface, with a pronounced, pleasant mushroom smell.

Carefully cut out or saw out such places and, dividing them into small pieces, place them into the cracks or slits on pre-prepared fresh logs or logs.

To speed up the development of the mycelium, it is better to wrap the “plantation” with cellophane film. Then, with proper care, the harvest can be obtained in the fall.

The growth rate of mushrooms is affected by various factors: climatic conditions, quality of mycelium, wood type, humidity and daytime temperatures. Don't wait for the harvest right away. After introducing the seed, the first harvest can be expected only next year. The number of productive years can vary from 4 to 8 years.

To avoid infecting fruit trees and gardens with mycelium wooden buildings, you need to ensure that the mushroom farm is isolated from garden plantings. For example, you can dig a small trench around and fill it with sand and gravel so that the mycelium does not spread to garden trees.

Everyone likes the gifts of the forest; it’s a pity that you can taste fresh honey mushrooms and saffron milk caps only at the end of summer and autumn. Growing mushrooms in the garden and in the basement will help solve this problem. If the area of ​​the plot allows, you can create a forest corner at the dacha: plant birch, spruce, and oak trees. Transfer the mycelium under the trees, and you can pick mushrooms right on the porch of your house. The season is over, but you still want a forest delicacy? Grow champignons, oyster mushrooms and honey mushrooms in the basement or greenhouse, and they will be on the table all year round.

At the dacha, mushrooms are always at hand

Avid mushroom pickers do not understand what is the interest in growing boletus and boletus mushrooms in your own garden plot. A trip to the forest brings enormous pleasure: a walk in the fresh air, communication with nature. Mushroom picking can be compared to an exciting game: you need to guess where the most delicious species are hiding. You can’t predict in advance whether you’ll be able to return home with a full basket or whether you’ll have to bashfully show your family a few crumpled russulas. There is no need to give up hiking through a dense forest or a cheerful birch grove, only now you can go there not out of necessity to provide food for your family, but for your own pleasure.

What other benefits does growing mushrooms in the country provide? You can be confident in the quality of the products. Many small firms prefer not to spend money on waste disposal, but to slowly throw it into the nearest forest. Delicious boletuses can grow where a whole tank of toxic chemicals was recently poured out or even a decommissioned X-ray emitter was buried. Mushrooms absorb all harmful substances, and you can bring a whole basket of dangerous poison from the forest.

There are many benefits to growing mushrooms in a greenhouse or garden.

• No one but you will reap the harvest; you can calmly wait until the mushrooms reach the desired size.
• You will always have exactly the type you need at hand.
• If you need mushrooms urgently, finding them will not take much time.
• You can use a warm room for growing and harvest in any season.

First experience

It is advisable to start with the simplest and most unpretentious mushrooms, so that the first unsuccessful experience does not discourage you from doing this exciting activity. It’s better to start with oyster mushrooms; you can grow them both in the summer in the garden and in the winter in a greenhouse, or find something else suitable premises. It is better to purchase mycelium from reliable suppliers. In the forest, you can take the wrong kind of mycelium or bring home an infected substrate.

Under natural conditions, oyster mushrooms grow on rotting wood: fallen trees, branches, stumps. Their favorite species are birch and poplar. Prepare logs 30 cm long and 15 cm wide, keep the logs in water for 2 days, and then make holes or cuts 10 cm deep in them. Place wet mycelium in the slots. Planting material It should not dry out, otherwise it will not take root.

Place the logs on moist soil. Cover the lower part with earth or cover it with moss. Make sure the wood is constantly moistened. Mushroom cultivation will continue for several years until the chock turns into rotting dust. In this way, you can harvest oyster mushrooms all year round in a greenhouse.

Planting mushrooms in the country

The most convenient time for planting mushrooms is the end of summer. For the mycelium to take root well, at least 1.5 months must pass before frost. There are several ways to plant mushrooms on your site.

To prepare planting material you can:

• buy mycelium;
• dig up a mycelium in the forest;
• transfer a piece of rotting wood permeated with mycelium to the site;
• sow the seeds.

The easiest way is to purchase mycelium. Along with the mycelium you will receive instructions for planting and care. In this case, there is a guarantee that it will be oyster mushrooms or champignons that will be planted, and not toadstools. Do not take planting material from random sellers, so as not to bring it onto the site. basement various infections. Buy mycelium from companies that specialize in mushroom cultivation.

The second simple method is to dig up a mycelium in a place where mushrooms of the type you have chosen grow. It must be taken into account that each species loves its own tree. If you took mycelium from a birch grove, that means you need to plant it under a birch tree; If you dug it up in a pine forest, take it under the tree. If mushrooms are covering a rotting stump or fallen trunk, you can cut off a piece of the tree and place it in your garden plot or greenhouse. Please note that when transferring forest mycelium, you can plant toadstools and fly agarics in your dacha along with edible mushrooms, or introduce spores of microorganisms dangerous to plants.

Propagation of mushrooms by seeds

The technology for growing mushrooms from spores has several options. The advantage of this method is that you will know exactly what species will grow on the site. Depending on the conditions, you can use:

• dried caps;
• fresh hats;
• water solution.

For the first method, collect old mushrooms from the forest and dry their caps. Do not place them in an oven or other hot place where high temperature the spores will die. Crush the raw material into powder and sprinkle it on the prepared moistened substrate in the garden or greenhouse. Cover the top with rotted hay. You don’t have to dry it, but immediately lay out the caps of fresh mushrooms, broken into pieces, on the spot. After a few days, remove the scattered fragments.

To grow porcini mushrooms, it is better to use the third method. This species is very capricious; you need the same trees to grow on the site as in the forest where you collected planting material. Coniferous trees and soil strewn with fallen needles are best suited. Collect old mushrooms, the pulp of which has already acquired green tint. Use the material no later than 10 hours after collection. Freeze caps for long storage You can’t: the seeds won’t germinate.

Dial a bucket river water, pour in a little potassium permanganate and 2 tbsp. spoons of granulated sugar. Place the caps into the solution and mash them with your hands to form a homogeneous paste. Remove the top layer of soil around the tree and water the area with the substrate that has been left for about an hour. Cover with the removed soil and water the tree trunk well. Pour over the wood from all sides, use about 5 buckets of water.

If the soil is contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, it can be disinfected before planting. Use one of the following recipes.

1. Pour 100 g into 1 liter of boiling water. When the solution has infused and cooled, pour the soil.
2. Take 30 g of oak bark and boil it in 1 liter of water for 1 hour. From time to time, add the evaporated volume of liquid.

When watering, add EM preparations to the water. They promote the rapid decomposition of plant residues and create favorable environment for mushroom growth.

Planting mycelium

Mushrooms grow in moist environments, among rotting leaves and twigs. In the garden plot you need to create similar conditions for them. Choose the most shady place where they don't go Sun rays. Place a layer of straw or sawdust on the ground and water well. When the substrate has compacted, place the mycelium on it and cover it with moist, rotted hay. If the weather is dry, the plantings need to be moistened. Do not water the area, but only spray it with water from a hose through a sprayer.

You can plant mushrooms on rotting logs and stumps. Drill holes in them and place the mycelium inside. Make sure that the wood is always damp; if the weather is dry, spray the stump with water. To grow mushrooms this way, you need to have a good understanding of tree species. If you collected mycelium from an aspen tree, then the log in which you place it should be aspen. The advantage of this method is that for the winter you can take the chock off the street and put it in a basement or greenhouse and harvest in any season.

There are very capricious mushrooms, for example boletus, which have difficulty taking root in a new place. If you are not afraid to wait several years for the harvest, find a clearing where your chosen species grows. Dig up several young trees with a large ball of soil to capture some of the mycelium. Plant trees on summer cottage, and in a few years you can harvest.

Growing mushrooms in winter

If you want to harvest all year round, choose a warm room for mushrooms. On an industrial scale, special equipment for growing mushrooms is used for this purpose; you can adapt a container. Place a box in a heated greenhouse, fill it with compost and plant the mycelium.

To grow any species, the following conditions are required:

• humidity not lower than 85%;
• temperature is about +27⁰ while the mycelium takes root, and +16⁰ for mushroom growth;
• ventilation;
• lack of direct sunlight;
• soft water for irrigation.

If the room is dry, periodically spray all structures with water. Small, damp sawdust and open containers of water help maintain humidity well. At the same time, do not forget that mushrooms need Fresh air, ventilate the greenhouse daily.

Of great importance right choice substrate. To get a rich harvest in a greenhouse, you need to give the plants adequate nutrition. Mushrooms are very picky; each species prefers its own composition.

• Champignons grow well in the mixture horse manure and grass or straw.
• Oyster mushrooms will like chopped hay, sawdust, buckwheat husk or a mixture of these components.
• For porcini mushrooms, you need to take soil with fallen leaves and twigs from under the tree where you took the mycelium. Add manure and sawdust and let it sit for a week.

Conclusion

Growing mushrooms in a summer cottage is very interesting activity. If space allows, plant several fir trees, birches, oaks and create a mushroom meadow there, which can also serve as a place for picnics. It is better to purchase planting material from specialized centers. You can dig up mycelium in the forest, but there is a danger that poisonous mushrooms will begin to grow in your dacha.

If you want to enjoy oyster mushrooms, champignons or porcini mushrooms at any time of the year, organize a plantation in a greenhouse or basement. The container can be placed in any warm room if the plantings are protected from bright light. If you create the right conditions for your plants, your garden will run smoothly. Soups, roasts and stews made from fresh mushrooms are not a fairy tale in any season; with a little effort, you will have this product in abundance both in summer and winter.

And valuable forest mushrooms are porcini, boletus, boletus, boletus, chanterelle and milk mushrooms, which, unfortunately, do not grow on logs of wood and beds with sawdust. They develop only in collaboration with living forest trees and are called mycorrhizal fungi. Their mycelium envelops the roots of the tree and penetrates them, forming a fungal root, or mycorrhiza.

It turns out that growing forest mushrooms is also possible in a summer cottage, of course, if there are at least a few birch, aspen, pine or oak trees on it. When growing mycorrhizal fungi without suitable tree there's no way around it.

So, how to grow wild mushrooms in your dacha?

There are several ways to do this.

To sow boletus or boletus mushrooms, you can bury ground young mushrooms in the root zone. They consist of mycelium threads that can penetrate the roots of birch or aspen. This simple method allows you to grow even porcini mushrooms on your site over time.

It’s even easier to scatter pieces of young mushrooms collected in the forest under the trees in rainy weather and cover them with leaf litter. If the soil in this place is regularly moistened, the first few mushrooms can be collected the following year.

Another option for growing forest mushrooms is sowing mycelium from spores. In this case, the soil around mature trees is watered with a suspension of ground mature mushrooms. Add 1 tbsp to the solution. spoons of gelatin and food flour. The fungal spores germinate and create mycorrhizae the following season and bear fruit two to three years later.

By the way, some avid mushroom pickers use this technique when setting up “their” forest plots. On a summer cottage it is less suitable - there are few forest trees. But if there are birch or aspen trees near you, then it is quite possible to create a mushroom plantation.

A more labor-intensive option is to transplant small trees (at least three) from the forest to a summer cottage, next to which the necessary mushrooms were already growing. In this case, the harvest will have to wait several years. However, for taming the oiler, the harvest of which ripens from May to mid-September, this method is ideal.

The easiest way to grow a forest mushroom in a summer cottage is the butter mushroom. It is quite prolific, prefers calcareous soil, diffused light and the proximity of pine trees, not only in the forest, but also on the edge. You will only need to find trees with abundant fruiting of this forest mushroom and mark them with tape or pegs. Please make sure that inedible competing mushrooms do not grow nearby, for example, yellow-legged moth, which is very similar to butterfly.

Young pines tolerate transplantation well. Place trees on the lawn or among berry bushes. In dry weather, regular watering is required. The first mushrooms will appear 3-4 years after planting the pines. But subsequently the butterdish begins to bear fruit throughout the season. The first wave of mushrooms, as a rule, occurs in mid-May, the second - in early June, then mushrooms appear every three weeks.

We all know how tasty the porcini mushroom is, and how sometimes difficult it is to find it in the forest. It turns out there is a way out. In this article we will look at the cultivation of porcini mushrooms, as well as sowing porcini mushrooms, how to sow mycelium, and how to care for planted mushrooms.
The porcini mushroom is rightfully considered the most valuable among many other edible mushrooms. It has a unique taste and smell, and its distinctive features are a large fleshy cap and a thick swollen leg. The color of the mushroom is white, the flesh does not darken even when cooked and prepared, which is why it got its name.

Cultivation of porcini mushroom.
First, choose a suitable location. As already mentioned, trees should grow on the site, preferably young ones, although this condition is not necessary. As practice shows, it is best to choose trees between 10 and 20-30 years old for replanting.
When a place is found, you need to take care of the seed, which is usually the fruiting bodies of the porcini mushroom, in particular the caps. Mushrooms that will be used for mycelium must be sufficiently mature (this can be determined by the greenish color of the flesh on the break).
Sowing porcini mushrooms.
First, the seed is prepared, for which the caps (5-10 pieces with a diameter of 100-200 mm) are soaked for a day in a bucket of water, preferably rainwater. Then they are kneaded by hand in the same bucket until a homogeneous viscous mass is formed. The liquid with mushroom particles is filtered through a cloth with small pores. The retained sediment is not thrown away, but set aside.
Then the place for sowing is prepared. Near the trunk of the selected tree, use a shovel to remove the top layer of soil (100-200 mm). In this case, the trunk itself should be in the center of the bare zone, that is, a circle is made around the trunk within a radius of 1 m or 1.5 m, removing the turf.
Now you can begin to directly infect the root system of the tree with mycelium. The strained liquid is poured onto the roots (about 1 liter per 0.5 square meters). The sediment obtained earlier is shaken out immediately onto the roots. The previously removed turf is laid on top of the treated area and watered abundantly with water (4-5 buckets to the bottom of the tree). This must be done carefully, preferably on a tree trunk, so that the water drains along it onto the soil and does not erode it.
With this method of planting a mushroom, both its spore infusion and mushroom tissue are used as seed material. This creates a double guarantee of the formation of mycorrhiza either from numerous spores or from particles of the mushroom cap. You can determine where exactly the development of the porcini mushroom began by looking at the timing of fruiting.
If sowing was done in August, and mushrooms have already appeared around the tree next fall, this indicates that the elements of the cap have taken root in the root system. If the formation of fruits is two years late, it can be judged that the fungal root develops from slowly germinating spores.
Thus, in best case scenario a year after sowing, the first mushrooms will appear under the tree, the volume of which can be 2-5 kg.
Caring for planted mushrooms is very simple. During the fruiting period, that is, in summer, you only need to periodically moisten the soil.
When artificially sowing the mycelium, you can count on 3-4 years of fruiting, after which it degenerates, since it takes root on a limited part of the roots of the tree, mainly on young shoots, and they are not sufficiently developed and cannot provide the mycelium with nutrition in the amount necessary for normal long life.
The mycelium is prevented from taking advantage of the strong, already formed roots by the not entirely favorable surrounding background at the location of these rhizomes, which is formed by a variety of pathogenic microflora that produce significant amount harmful substances.
In addition, the protective mechanisms of microorganisms, enhanced by long period The struggle for survival is easily overcome by the attempts of the mycelium to slightly displace the former inhabitants of the root system, and it is forced to retreat.
In the natural environment, porcini mushrooms form fungal roots with trees at an early stage of development of the latter (roots), often even with a small sprout that has just appeared. It turns out that mushrooms and trees mature at the same time, which is the key to an effective and long-term connection. In the case of mushrooms in the garden plot, it is necessary to periodically replace the mycelium, infecting the tree again using the same technology.
If fruiting bodies are used as seed material, one must take into account the fact that the species of the tree being infected must be related to the species of the tree near which the mushrooms were collected. Otherwise, the mycelium may not take root.
For more successful development of mycelium when sowing, it is useful to add some nutrients to the soil. It is known that there are few available food sources in the soil, and therefore the mycelium is forced to expend energy and time to prepare a sufficient amount of the necessary food with the help of enzymes. To establish a high-quality connection between hyphae and the root system of a tree, adequate nutrition is required, especially glucose. So recharge in in this case more than useful.
Sugar or alcohol can be used as additives. The share of the first is best kept equal to 50 g per 10 liters of water, and for the second - 3-4 tbsp. spoons per 10 liters of water. Alcohol is added to the water before the porcini mushroom caps are poured into it.
Sugar is used only in the form of sand - lump sugar will not work due to the possible presence of blue dye, which harms the normal functioning of fungal cells. With the help of fertilizing, you can activate the process of mycorrhiza formation, and this will affect the volume of the harvest.

How to grow wild mushrooms on the plot? Proven methods!

It’s not always possible to go out into the forest to pick mushrooms, but you can plant them on your site. If you like to do everything yourself, then you will like the idea of ​​​​growing wild mushrooms: this way you will always know where to look for them.

The peculiarity of most forest mushrooms is that the mycelium grows and develops better only by interacting with the roots of forest trees. It’s good if birch, pine or spruce trees grow on the site - in this case, growing mushrooms near them will be quite simple. There are several ways to plant mushrooms - let's look at the most effective ones.

Methods for growing wild mushrooms on the site

1. Transplanting mushrooms from the forest

To plant using this method, you should dig up the mycelium and transfer it to your site. You need to move the mycelium very carefully, without shaking the soil from the excavated layer. Before replanting, prepare the soil under the tree. At a distance of about 0.5 m from the trunk, remove the top ball of soil 30-40 cm thick. Place compost of leaves and wood dust on the bottom, water and sprinkle with soil. Place the dug mycelium on the prepared place, water it and cover it with a layer of fallen leaves. For the first two weeks, if there is no rain, water the planting site daily using the drip method.

To plant wild mushrooms, choose shaded, damp place. It is better to replant the mycelium under the same tree as the mother one: if you took the mycelium under a birch, it means it is better to replant it under a birch. Be careful when choosing mushrooms for transplanting - do not bring poisonous ones to your site.

2. Reproduction by mycelium

Garden centers sell wild mushroom mycelium. Manufacturers offer on the packaging detailed instructions for landing. Planting mycelium requires site preparation.

Choose a place in the shade of a tree, at a distance of 50-60cm from the trunk. Remove the top ball of soil by 50cm. The area of ​​the sowing area depends on the amount of mycelium in the package and is indicated by the manufacturer. Place 20 cm of forest substrate at the bottom: fallen leaves, pine needles, dust and sawdust. Cover evenly with a layer of soil 10 cm thick. For the next layer, mix the soil with the substrate and add 10 cm. Next, mix the mycelium with soil and a growth enhancer (can be purchased at a garden center or specialized stores). Distribute the mixture, lightly tamping with your hands. Last layer- soil. Immediately after planting, carefully water the seeded area and cover with fallen leaves.

In order not to prepare such a complex substrate for mycelium, you can purchase a ready-made substrate for mushrooms - it can be purchased at garden centers and stores specializing in seeds and fertilizers.

For the first two weeks, strictly follow the watering schedule. In the future, make sure that the soil at the sowing site does not dry out. Mushrooms planted this way will grow the next year, and the mycelium will bear full fruit two years after planting. The mycelium will bear fruit in the period from 2 to 5 years from the first harvest.

Gently loosen the soil above the planted mycelium regularly.

3. Mushroom seedlings

The easiest way to grow wild mushrooms on your site. Chop the caps and pieces of wild mushrooms or grind them in a meat grinder, and soak them in water for a day. Around the tree near which you plan to grow mushrooms, dig up the soil and add forest substrate to it. Water the prepared area with infused water and pieces of mushrooms and cover with fallen leaves.

Experts disagree on when the first mushrooms planted in this way will appear. Some claim that they will be in the first year of planting, others - after a year.

The listed methods differ in level of complexity, but all of them are most effective for growing wild mushrooms. You can try planting porcini mushrooms, chanterelles and saffron milk caps using these methods.

Whatever method you choose to plant wild mushrooms, you should follow a few tips:

• choose a planting site in dense shade
• Keep the soil moist, add drip watering if necessary
• apply a growth activator to the soil in spring
• plant mushrooms no further than half a meter from the tree
• plant during cool times of the day
• The best time to plant mushrooms is from May to September

Remember that wild mushrooms do not take root very well around fruit trees. It’s good if there are several forest trees, deciduous or coniferous, on your site. If there are no such on the site, experiment with planting around wooden buildings from the shaded side.

You can transplant several young trees with mycelium in the roots to the site. This method is very labor-intensive and complex. It is not suitable for owners of small plots.

Advice on how to grow wild mushrooms on your property is quite controversial. The fact is that the result depends on many factors: time, weather, watering, soil, mycelium, etc., but it is worth it. Mushrooms grown on the site are almost undamaged by insects and taste no different from their forest brothers. You will also be 100% confident in their environmental friendliness, unlike mushrooms purchased on the market and collected from nowhere.

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