If you are seriously considering the option of moving to the countryside, the question of which is best to build a house for permanent residence comes to the fore. The choice of materials for construction depends on the preferences of the owner of the future home, his financial capabilities, and in some ways, on established local traditions. Of course, the specific climatic conditions of the region and the characteristics of the soil on the site acquired for the construction of housing are taken into account.
Today, both traditional and new technologies are used for the construction of private houses. In order to choose one of them, you need to understand what problems you will have to face during large-scale construction work and during the operation of the finished building.
Criteria for choosing materials for construction
When choosing a material for building a house, you should take into account a number of important criteria:
- To make the house comfortable to live in at any time of the year, when choosing material for construction, it is necessary to take into account the average winter temperatures of the region where it is planned to be built, comparing them with the thermal insulation qualities of future walls and ceilings.
- In addition, most potential owners strive to make their homes energy efficient. That is, when minimum costs on energy resources to obtain a comfortable temperature in the premises both in winter and summer.
- The ability of a building material to become an effective barrier against external noise is especially important if the building is being built near a busy highway or railway tracks.
- The durability and reliability of a residential building will directly depend on the strength of the selected material.
- The appearance of the building also plays an important role. Therefore, it is immediately necessary to decide which material option is preferable - one that requires or does not require additional finishing.
- Of course, an important criterion is always the affordability of the material. It largely depends on the region of construction.
- If the owner plans to carry out construction on his own (in whole or even partially), then the priority criteria may also be the degree of complexity of working with the selected building material.
Main types of materials for building a private house
Today, both traditional materials that have been used, without exaggeration, for centuries, and those developed relatively recently, but which have already managed to show their positive side, are used to build houses.
So, when deciding on the materials to build a house, you need to know that they are conventionally divided into four groups:
- Natural wood (log or timber).
- Brick, stone and shell rock.
- Porous blocks.
- Wood-based composite materials.
To determine which of the listed materials is best to choose for a particular case, it is necessary to consider their physical and technical characteristics and other features.
Brick
Sand-lime and ceramic bricks are used to build houses. Both one and the second option are produced in two types, which differ in the internal structural structure - the brick can be hollow and solid.
Both types are widely used for the construction of house walls. However, different bricks can have very different characteristics.
Solid and hollow ceramic bricks Solid brick has higher strength and can therefore withstand high loads. However, it has high thermal conductivity, and because of this, walls made from it usually require additional insulation and cladding.
Ceramic and silicate, solid or hollow bricks - each has its own advantages and disadvantages Hollow products retain heat in the house better, so they are often used to cover a wall built of solid bricks, leaving a space between the walls that is filled thermal insulation materials- slag, expanded clay, foam concrete or expanded polystyrene.
Agree, it is very difficult to compete with neat brickwork in matters of facade aesthetics Brick houses have a respectable appearance and a long service life, which sometimes exceeds the deadlines set during the design of the building. Buildings made from this material compare favorably with other buildings due to their strength and reliability. That is why, despite the appearance innovative materials, brick has not lost any of its popularity, as it has successfully passed the test of time. Proof of this is that buildings, sometimes erected several centuries ago, are still in use.
However, despite a large number of positive qualities brick, this material has not only advantages, but also obvious disadvantages.
To the main benefits brick, and therefore houses built from it, include:
- Environmentally friendly material.
Nowadays, future home owners always pay attention Special attention for this quality of the material. Brick buildings are impeccable in this regard, since the mortar from which the products are made does not contain artificially produced or toxic components. Ceramic brick is made from purified clay, and silicate is made from sand and lime.
- The strength of the structure built from it has a long service life.
For centuries in different countries Both one-story and multi-story buildings were erected from brick, some are still in use today, without even requiring restoration of the facades. Walls built from bricks made without violating technology and laid on high-quality mortar are resistant to exposure ultraviolet rays, to moisture, wind, to biological damage.
In addition, brick buildings are able to withstand various natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, etc.
- Frost resistance.
This quality indicates that the material is able to fully retain its operational and decorative qualities during numerous cycles of deep freezing and thawing. On sale today different brands bricks, the frost resistance of which may vary. Therefore, when purchasing this material, you should pay attention to the F indicator, which precisely shows this number of cycles. The higher the indicator, the more durable the material.
- Natural regulation of humidity in the building.
- Fire safety.
Unlike wood, brick is resistant to open fire, as it is made of non-flammable material, which has also been hardened high temperatures when firing it. Brick does not ignite and does not support the combustion of adjacent building elements. True, when exposed to it open fire over a long period of time, it loses its margin of safety. This means that the service life of walls that survive a fire is significantly reduced.
To the list of essential shortcomings brick buildings include the following factors:
- Cost of material.
When choosing a brick to build a house, you need to be prepared for quite high costs, since, given the “modest” size of the products, a lot of them will be required. In addition to the brick itself, you will need to carry out interior finishing of the walls - this is plastering followed by putty, painting, or. All these processes are also quite costly and require some time.
- High thermal conductivity of brick. If the house is being built in a region with cold winters, where the temperature drops to -35÷40 degrees, then the brick walls must be thick and be at least 640-770 mm. Another option could be a “sandwich” wall, that is, made according to the “well masonry” principle. In this case, two relatively thin brick walls are simultaneously erected at a certain distance from each other, the space between which is filled with thermal insulation materials. Sometimes another method is used for insulation - a lathing is fixed on the front side of the wall, between the elements of which mineral wool or expanded polystyrene is mounted, and then the walls are lined with one of the decorative materials.
- Massiveness.
Brick houses are a very heavy structure. This means that it is necessary to build a reliable and solid foundation for them. Otherwise, under high load, it will sag, and with it the brick walls, resulting in deep cracks along them.
Therefore, to build a high-quality one that can reliably cope with a high load, you will also have to spend a lot of money.
- The design of a brick building should only be carried out by a professional. Errors in foundation calculations and determination of the thickness of load-bearing walls are unacceptable. The project and calculations will also be expensive.
- Hygroscopicity of the material.
This quality is especially pronounced in bricks made in violation of technology, that is, insufficiently hardened or too porous. In houses made of such material there is always high humidity, and getting rid of it is quite difficult. Therefore, the walls have to be etched periodically, which takes a lot of time and causes discomfort in the operation of the home. It’s good that today there are many products that will help protect brick walls from moisture - surfaces are treated with them at the very beginning of the building’s operation. It will help protect brick walls and high walls that separate them from ground moisture, rain splashes or contact with snow drifts.
Sand-lime brick is more hygroscopic than ceramic brick. Therefore, it is not recommended to use it to build a house in regions with a humid climate. And it is completely excluded when laying the base.
In digital terms, the main characteristics of the brick are as follows:
| Name of characteristics | Solid brick | Hollow brick | Sand-lime brick |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density, kg/m³ | 1600÷1800 | 1400÷1700 | 1700÷1900 |
| Thermal conductivity, W/m˚S | 0.81÷0.87 | 0.44 | 0.95 |
| Strength, kgf/cm² | 125÷200 | 100÷200 | 150 |
| Moisture absorption,% | 7÷8 | 7÷8 | 8÷10 |
| Frost resistance cycles | 50÷100 | 50÷70 | 35 |
| Recommended wall thickness, mm at air temperature -20/ -30/-40 ˚С (mm) | 510/640/770 | 380/510/640 | 510/640/770 |
The cost of a brick is deliberately not indicated in the table. This parameter varies very widely, depending on the type, brand, size, manufacturer, and region of construction. Even among one seller, the spread of prices for seemingly identical products, but coming from different factories, can be very significant.
Cement-based masonry blocks
IN last years For the construction of a private house, cement-based building blocks are increasingly being chosen. Such masonry materials have a number of advantages over traditional brick, and the first of them can be called affordable cost. In addition, the blocks have impressive linear dimensions- one can replace from 4 and even up to 14 standard bricks, so the construction of the house will go much faster.
Manufacturers today supply the construction market with blocks for cement based, but made by different technologies and with various physical, technical and operational indicators:
- Foam blocks and aerated concrete blocks.
- Cinder blocks and expanded clay concrete blocks.
To understand what each of these materials is and how they differ from each other, let’s take a closer look at their characteristics.
Aerated concrete and foam concrete blocks
These building materials, at first glance, are similar in their characteristics. However, their manufacturing technologies differ somewhat.
Aerated concrete is made from cement, lime, sand and water with the addition of aluminum powder. Thanks to these components, during the manufacturing process of the composition, it is activated chemical reaction, accompanied by the release of gas, which ensures the creation of a porous structure with an open cell. This determines the very high hygroscopicity of the material.
Foam concrete products are made from cement, sand and water. But the main thing for the formation of the structure of the material is the foaming agent, which is added at the stage of mixing the solution before pouring it into molds. The cell turns out to be closed.
Both some and other blocks can have different densities, and are divided into brands. The numerical indicator in the brand indicates the density of the finished material (kg/m³):
— D 1000– D 1200 - structural products, that is, intended for the construction of load-bearing walls. Their insulation qualities are not the most outstanding.
— D 500-D 900 - structural and thermal insulation materials. They are the ones most often chosen for individual construction, combining, so to speak, “business with pleasure.”
— D 300- D 500 - thermal insulating blocks. For load-bearing structures The strength properties of such a material are clearly insufficient.
Foam concrete is also produced in another version, which is marked D1300 to D1600. These are structurally porous blocks that have a high density, but also very significant thermal conductivity. As a rule, material of this brand is made to order and is practically not used in residential construction practice.
Aerated concrete and foam concrete blocks have the following characteristic features:
- Easy to process. The blocks are easily sawed using a regular wood saw. Thanks to this quality, anyone, even an inexperienced builder, can handle adjusting the material during wall construction. Moreover, the block can be given any intricate shape.
- Strength of the material. The indicators of this parameter may vary depending on the porosity and brand of the product.
- Low thermal conductivity. This figure averages 0.08÷0.22 W/(m×˚С). Brands D300 and D 500 have a particularly low coefficient, so they are excellent for additional insulation of houses for permanent residence. Walls made of this material perfectly retain heat in the house during winter cold and coolness on hot summer days.
- Soundproofing. Aerated concrete and foam concrete have significant noise absorption properties, and the final parameters depend on other characteristics of the material, as well as on the thickness of the walls. According to SNiP II-12-77 standards, in private houses the level of noise insulation should be 41÷60 dB, and the sound insulation qualities of aerated concrete usually exceed these indicators:
| Brand of material most often used to build a private house | Sound insulation level, dB, with wall thickness of the enclosing structure, mm | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 120 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 | |
| D500 | 36 | 41 | 44 | 46 | 48 |
| D600 | 38 | 43 | 46 | 48 | 50 |
- Environmentally friendly material. Industrial production of blocks is carried out under strict control (this is especially true for aerated concrete). The laboratories check for the presence of radioactive materials and toxic components - they are completely excluded.
- Mass of blocks. This parameter depends on the density of the material:
As you can see, this parameter can vary somewhat in one direction or another. It must be remembered that the higher the density of the material, the higher its thermal conductivity and the worse the sound insulation.
Along with the positive characteristics, these building materials there are also their own flaws , about which you also need to have information:
- Foam and gas blocks are fragile, so during work, if the material is handled carelessly, it can crack or split. In addition, this can also happen when the foundation shrinks. Therefore, the base for the walls should be as reliable as possible. To avoid subsidence and cracking, every second to third row of masonry must be reinforced with metal rods.
- The hygroscopicity of aerated concrete can be considered a serious disadvantage. This feature predetermines an increase in the volume of work that includes waterproofing measures.
- Mandatory interior and exterior finishing involves additional costs.
What to choose - foam concrete or aerated concrete?
With mass common features, these materials have significant differences. By what criteria can you compare More detailed information can be found in a special publication on our portal.
Expanded clay concrete blocks and cinder blocks
These blocks, like the materials described above, can be classified as very affordable and have decent characteristics.
Their frost resistance and strength are comparable to similar parameters of brick walls. The blocks have very large linear parameters and relatively light weight, so they can be laid in a short time.
Expanded clay concrete blocks are made from cement mortar with the addition of fine expanded clay of 5÷10 mm, or coarse expanded clay sand.
Now, having figured out what frame house structures are, it is necessary to highlight their positive and negative sides.
TO merits correctly lined up frame houses the following can be attributed:
- Possibility to do the work yourself.
- The low thermal conductivity of the walls helps retain heat inside the house.
- Relatively quick and fairly simple installation of structural elements.
- There is no need to arrange a massive foundation, since the construction is easy.
- The design does not shrink, so you can move into the house immediately after finishing work.
- There is no need to level the surfaces of the walls and ceiling, since they are already ready for decorative finishing both outside and inside.
- Relatively low cost.
However, the frame structure also has a fairly large number shortcomings , which can bring disappointment to future residents of the house during its operation:
- Low tightness of all frame structures, except for half-timbered structures.
- Insufficiently long service life due to low strength and reliability of the structure.
- Frame houses must be properly equipped, otherwise mold may appear on the walls and underground due to insufficient air exchange.
- Low quality sound insulation.
- High fire hazard.
- Insulation material in the floor and walls can be used for housing by rodents and various insects. And it will be very difficult to get rid of such a “neighborhood”.
So which is better, timber or frame construction?
If you have to decide which form of wood is best to choose for construction - timber or logs, or to give preference to a frame structure, then it would be useful to refer to a special comparative publication. The recommended link leads to it.
* * * * * * *
Above we figured out what materials can be used to build houses for year-round use. Taking into account their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and approximate prices in your region, you can decide which one is best suited for a particular case based on a combination of all evaluation criteria.
If desires and possibilities coincide, then you can stop at optimal option and start developing a house project.
The information reflected in the article will be supplemented by an interesting video on the same topic:
Video: What material is better to choose for your own residential building?
If you have recently purchased a summer cottage, then the issue of building a small country house is very relevant for you. You can store household items, expensive tools in it, as well as create a small lounge and kitchen. In this article we will look at how to make construction of a country house inexpensively with your own hands, and also find out which materials you can save a lot on.
Construction of a country house inexpensively with your own hands
Of course, like any construction, it also needs to start with calculating the budget. How much money are you willing to spend on this project? If enough, then you can think about building a brick house. Otherwise, it is recommended to use borrowed technology frame house. The advantages of this method are obvious - saving money, as well as the efficiency of the work performed. In just a couple of weeks your house will be ready for use.
Stages of construction of a country house:
Creating a project. If you do not want to contact a specialized agency, then you can create your own project that will be convenient for you personally. The main thing that you have to do in any case is to show your finished project to professionals in order to avoid possible problems in the future. As for the area of the future home, it all depends on your personal preferences and capabilities. 40 sq.m. is quite enough.
Purchase of building materials. What materials are needed to build a country house with your own hands? Today the market offers a huge variety of high-quality, efficient and durable materials that are suitable for any construction:
- Log or beam. Wood will be needed in any case. Depending on the quality of the raw materials, the cost of the timber will fluctuate. Carefully inspect the material; it is important that it is thoroughly dried.
- Brick or cinder block. They have low cost, durability and reliability. Although building a house using these materials will not greatly affect costs, be prepared to spend a significant amount on subsequent wall finishing.
- SIP panels. High quality, modern materials, which not only save your money, but also time. A house made from SIP panels is warm, dry and comfortable.
Important! If you want to save money on materials, study the market thoroughly. You will be able to find high-quality raw materials at a big discount. You should not focus on branded companies, since they are the ones who mark up more than 50% on the price.
Where to start building a country house on a summer cottage?
The most important element of any country house is the foundation. The service life of the structure, its reliability and strength depend on it. Of course, the foundation should not be neglected, since any mistake or wrong action will immediately result in cracks and splits in the walls. Before digging a trench for the foundation, carefully calculate the weight of future materials - walls, roofing, sheathing, insulation and finishing. All this adds kilograms. Typically, the depth of the foundation of a house should be at least 1 m. After pouring, it must be left for a month to compact and dry.
Immediately after the foundation, you can begin building the frame and installing the roof truss system. It is also worth considering high-quality sewerage. If there is a central sewer system, then you should buy a septic tank with outlets to the irrigation fields.
So, is it possible to build a country house? inexpensively with your own hands? Certainly. The main thing is to plan and not rush to buy materials from the first person you meet.
See also video:
DIY garden cottage
Do-it-yourself summer houses for relaxation
Most summer residents live outside the city only in the summer and do not need expensive permanent homes. They want a roof over their heads and living space large enough to accommodate family members.
How to build a house with your own hands?
An optimal economic pension is best suited for this purpose.
Advantages of summer cottages
House boards are popular due to the following advantages:
- High level of construction - 2-6 weeks
- Low cost - from 3 to 8 thousand rubles per square meter. m versus 18 thousand rubles. per square meter. m for houses with brick walls
- Low weight, allowing the use of cheap, shallow foundations
- Resistance to freezing forces
- The ability to manufacture parts at the factory, which improves the quality of construction and simplifies assembly
- No shrinkage
- Wide range architectural solutions
- Ability to warm up and adapt at home for life
Panel house design
The house consists of a wooden or metal frame covered with panels.
The metal frame is made of a rectangular cross-section, and the wooden frame is made of a rod. For external coatings:
- Lamels
- OSB panels
- Profiled film
- Moisture resistant plates
- Asbestos cement slabs
- toilet
The inner leather is made of moisture-resistant materials.
If a house should live all year round, the walls are laid out insulated.
Construction of panel houses
Construction companies offer construction services panel houses turnkey recreation or a set of parts for own construction. The first option frees the builder from most of the problems, while the other allows you to build a house for your dacha and save money.
Project selection
A quality project is the basis for success in building a house.
Serious companies that produce panel houses and key building kits offer dozens of standard models and offer custom design services.
Individual projects are quite expensive, so they are rarely used for economy-class houses.
Creating a standard project allows you to save on design and a wide selection of already prepared architectural solutions - choose the desired design and location of the house.
foundations
Under the light panel house, spacers and notches are used with columns and strips and screw pilots.
- Small hidden pillars reduce costs and shorten construction time.
Columns are installed at intervals of 1.5 to 3 meters under external walls and columns, at the corners of the building and in places where internal walls connect to external walls. They are made from logs, concrete, red brick, bentonite and base blocks. The depth of the coating is up to 40 cm, the cross-section should exceed the thickness of the walls. To increase stability, the columns are connected to wooden or reinforced concrete beams
- Countertops do not allow for a warm basement.
If the design is included in the design, a shallow recessed base underlay is applied under the exterior walls and a foundation base is provided under the interior walls. The depth of coverage and width of the tape are the same as for pillars. The belt is made from concrete, quarries or foundation blocks
- On weak floors it is based on screwdrivers.
Using them allows the house to rest on solid ground that is deeper than the surface. Helicopter bases can be built in 1 to 2 days without the use of heavy equipment
frame
Panel panel house can be made from a kit made in a factory or from purchased materials, in-house or from a contractor.
Turnkey construction of a house eliminates most of the problems for the developer, with the exception of monitoring the execution of construction work - it is impossible to check the quality of the frame assembly on its surface.
To self-assemble the frame from factory parts, you must follow the instructions and wiring diagram included with the kit.
The work resembles a design meeting and is entirely possible for a developer with experience in construction.
The cheapest, but most worrisome option is to build the lumber itself. Depending on the size and number of floors of the house, the frame is made of a rod 100x100 - 150x150 mm or 50 mm thick.
The frame is installed in the following order:
- At the top of the base there is waterproofing of the roofing material
- For the foundation using built-in parts and anchor bolts to attach the frame (thresholds) - beams, it is located at the edge of the house and under the prairie
- Place logs and give rough soil.
Fits on the edges of the base or beam beam
- Install vertical skeleton posts - first on the corners and then on the walls of the 0.6 m shelf, installed on the cutout, sawn in the bottom panel, securing the clamp and nails and securing the first temporary and then permanent remainder.
At the same time, they constantly control their verticality and position in the same plane. The corner posts are made of sticks and you can use the same 50mm width edge plate for intermediate use
- In the upper places the top tape works. Framed door and window openings
All wooden structures must be impregnated with antiseptic compounds.
Overlapping and covering
Wooden columns are placed on the top frame of the frame and secured using structural clamps.
Width 3-4 meters - plate size 50x150 mm with a large range - 100x150-150x150 mm. The beam is 0.6 m. In this case, 1.8 m wide screens (modules) are used to cover the ceiling.
Rafting clusters are made on the floor on a panel 50x120-50x150 m.
First install the outer rafts, and then the intermediate elements that control the position of the rafters in one plane. Then make a box and close the roof. Roofing materials for a home should be light, for example:
- Bituminous shingles
- Metal panel
- Profiled film
- Bituminous slate
Wall coverings
The width of the screens should be equal to the degree of installation of the frame rails and the length to the height of the walls.
Security guards are on offer at the workplace in the following order:
- Plates assembled
- On a frame polyethylene film was a vapor barrier
- Guide the inner frame frame
- Frame facing, heater inserted inside
- Wind resistant protective membrane
- Get outer skin
The coat should be compressed over the frame by half the width of the frame frame to hide them.
The perimeter protective frame is covered with heater and tightly inserted between frame frames. Application is done using nails. Using sheet material it may be without frame. The cutting blades are attached directly to the frame and the heater is inserted between the posts.
As can be seen from the description, the construction country house with a team of two or three people of average qualification.
Using factory modules significantly speeds up assembly. In just a few weeks after you start installing the frame, you can move into your cottage and enjoy the outdoors.
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Country houses made of foam blocks: building a house over the summer
Country houses made of foam blocks are lightweight and fireproof.
Thanks to the large dimensions of the blocks and precise dimensions, construction is carried out at high speed. It is quite possible to build a house over the summer.
The use of foam blocks in the construction of various structures guarantees heat conservation and fast pace of work. A country house made of this material will cost more than one made of wood, but less than one made of brick.
What are the benefits of foam blocks?
- Have accurate geometric shape, the dimensions are well maintained.
Therefore, they can be installed quickly
- Moisture resistant
- Inexpensive
- Strength increases over time
- They have very low thermal conductivity.
According to this indicator, it is one of the most the best materials for construction
- They have a small specific gravity. Therefore, they are manufactured in fairly large sizes, which has a positive effect on the speed of wall construction
- Easy to handle
But there are also disadvantages
- Cannot bear heavy loads
- Slowly gaining strength.
In this case, shrinkage occurs.
DIY country house 6x6. Photo report. Part 1
And as a result, cracks may occur.
Use high-quality autoclaved foam concrete - it is less susceptible to shrinkage.
For the construction of one-story country houses, the strength of foam concrete is quite sufficient. In this case, it is necessary to bearing row reinforce with reinforcement.
Foundation
Usually, when building a country house, a shallow strip foundation is used.
It can be done in different ways. 
- From prefabricated blocks laid without connection, freely
- From blocks, with device reinforced belts above and below blocks
- Made from rigidly connected reinforced concrete blocks
- Made from monolithic reinforced concrete
The choice of method is made depending on the properties of the soil.
The reinforced tape option is suitable for both subsidence and highly heaving soils. The width of the tape is made to exceed the thickness of the walls by 10-20 cm. Laying depth is up to 60 cm.
Base – within 40 cm.
On heaving soils, it is necessary to install a cushion made of non-freezing material.
Construction of the foundation
Stages of making a strip reinforced foundation with shallow depth.
- Marking
- Development of trenches.
If the soil does not crumble, trenches are made the width of the foundation. Their walls will act as formwork
- Filling a 30-centimeter sand and gravel bed in layers, compacting each layer.
The thickness of each layer is 10 cm
- Laying waterproofing material on the bottom and walls of the trench
- Installation of formwork under aboveground part foundation (basement)
- Installation of fittings
- Pouring concrete
Foundation quality conditions
To build a quality foundation, the following conditions must be met. 
- The correct proportions of components in the concrete mixture
- Concrete should not contain air bubbles(emptiness).
To achieve this, use a vibrator or bayonet the concrete with a metal rod.
- There should be no interruptions during filling
After pouring, until the concrete hardens, it requires maintenance. It must be protected from the sun and watered in hot weather. Insulate in cold weather.
Rolled waterproofing material is laid on top of the foundation.
The overlap of stripes must be at least 15 cm.
Wall masonry
Before you start building walls, you need to check the horizontalness of the foundation. The permissible height difference is 3 cm.
If necessary, leveling should be done cement mortar.
The upper plane of the blocks laid in the wall must be horizontal. That is, not only the edges running along the wall must be horizontal, but also those across them.
Horizontal control is carried out using a level. The position of the block is adjusted if necessary with a rubber hammer.
First row
The laying of the first row must be done with extreme precision - the accuracy of the construction of the entire house depends on this.
- Find the highest point of the foundation using a level.
The first block is laid in the corner closest to this point
- Then blocks are installed in all other corners
- A mooring cord is stretched between the corner blocks along the outer edge of the wall.
The first row is filled in using it
- If any unevenness in the masonry is formed, they are eliminated with a plane or sanding board. Dirt and dust are removed with a brush
Reinforcement
The reinforcement is laid on foam blocks after filling the first row, and then after laying every fourth row.
A smoothly curved rod is placed in the corners. 
- Using a grinder, grooves are made 4x4 cm at a distance from the edge of the block of at least 6 cm
- The grooves are cleaned of dust and moistened with water.
- Cement mortar is placed in the groove to half the depth
- A rod moistened with water is laid
- The recess is completely filled with solution
A monolithic belt is made at the floor level.
It connects load-bearing walls along the entire perimeter and gives spatial rigidity to the entire structure.
For laying foam blocks the following can be used: 
- Cement-sand mortar
- Cement-sand mortar with added lime
- Adhesive for wall blocks
The solution with lime does not set so quickly and has good plasticity.
The glue allows you to make thin seams.
It has a fairly liquid consistency and does not set for a long time.
Block cutting
Usually a row cannot be laid using only whole blocks. You have to supplement it with chopped ones.
You can cut blocks with a hand hacksaw. The cutting line is drawn with a pencil on two adjacent sides to ensure an accurate cut. The cut surface is leveled with a sanding board or plane. A smooth surface is necessary to ensure good adhesion between the solution and the block.
Load-bearing walls
After laying the first row, you need to wait 1-2 hours until the solution sets.
Then the wall masonry continues.
- Corner blocks are laid and leveled
- The mooring is being stretched
- The row is filled with foam blocks
- Irregularities are removed with a plane or sanding board
The ligation sutures should be at least 10 cm.
The minimum length of the outer blocks (corner, opening) is 11.5 cm.
Internal load-bearing walls are connected to external ones by bandaging.
Partitions
- The junction of the partition is indicated on the load-bearing wall
- At this point, flexible connections (anchors) made of stainless steel are inserted into the seam. One end is in the load-bearing wall, the other is in the seam of the partition
- Anchors are secured with nails
Anchors are inserted into the load-bearing wall through a row.
It is allowed not to secure them with nails, but simply press them into the solution.
Door and window openings
You can buy factory-made lintels for ceilings, or they can be made from homemade hollow foam blocks, having a P-shaped cross-section.
- Mark the locations of the cuts on the foam block
- Having cut through the grooves, chop off the inner part with a construction hammer
- Hollow blocks in the shape of an inverted letter U are laid over the opening on wooden supports.
These can be boards or beams. The supports can be nailed to the side walls of the opening
- 12-16 mm reinforcement is placed inside the cavity and concrete is poured. The supports remain until the concrete hardens.
You can lay foam blocks over the opening and on metal corners.
Roof
Wooden beams are usually used to construct floors in a foam block house.
The type of roof, its design and shape may vary. Its construction is not much different from this type of work when constructing houses using other building materials.
Exterior decoration
Although foam concrete does not penetrate to a great depth when exposed to moisture, the surface layer absorbs it quite well.
So if the walls are not covered with exterior finishing, they darken and begin to collapse.
The following can be used as exterior finishing for walls made of foam blocks:
- Hinged cladding installed with a gap (siding, decorative panels, covering the house with imitation timber)
- Decorative plaster
- Composite panels
- Natural and artificial stone
- Painting with silicone paints
The construction of a country house from foam blocks is relatively inexpensive, and construction occurs quickly.
If you have some construction skills, it is quite possible to make such a house with your own hands.
Video about how to build a house from foam blocks
Building a house on summer cottage, everyone wants to build exactly one that will be comfortable to live in.
But coziness and comfort depend on the internal layout of the house. First of all.
And the layout itself depends on the size of the building, the number of people in the family, and the presence of small children. It also depends on whether you plan to live in the country only in the summer, or whether you want to come here all year round. There are some things you should definitely consider when deciding how to layout your home.
Layout of a one-story country house
Even in small house There must be at least three rooms:
The kitchen can be positioned so that the entrance to the house is through it.
In this case, the kitchen room will also serve as a vestibule, which traps cold air if you come to the dacha in winter.
During cooking, the air in the kitchen heats up noticeably, which is also good for heating the house. This option is much better than building a cramped vestibule.
If you want to make a canopy, you can make it out of glass. Using profiles, double glazed windows and glass doors.
If you use your dacha all year round, you need to provide additional heating.
For example, you can plan a country house with a stove in the kitchen, the back wall of which opens into the next room.
This stove will heat two rooms at once. Well, you can install an electric heater in the bedroom. There are many economical modern models.
It is necessary to take into account that the house heats up much faster if double-glazed windows are installed. good quality. It should be noted that the warmth in the house does not depend on the size of the windows, but on how well they are glazed. The best option is high quality plastic windows with several glasses.
If country house made of laminated veneer lumber contains one room and a kitchen, then the living room is divided by a partition.
A bed is installed behind the partition. This house is suitable for a family of two.
If there is one more room in the house, albeit a small one, then it is quite possible to arrange a nursery there.
And the dacha will already accommodate a family of four.
These tips are also suitable for those who already have a small garden country house. But many people want to increase the number of rooms and are thinking about building a second floor.
Features of the construction of the second floor
Many people think that a great option for increasing living space would be to arrange a second floor.
But you first need to find out how strong the foundation under the house is. It is likely that it will not be able to support the additional weight. You need to find out about this in advance, and not after cracks begin to appear in the walls and the house begins to collapse.
In addition to this, there are some other features. They must be taken into account before building the second floor.
If there is enough free space on the dacha plot, then it is always better to build a spacious one-story house.
It costs less, and living in a one-story house is more pleasant.
No need to climb stairs. This is especially important if there are elderly people in the house. After all, stairs in two-story dachas are usually steep. They are easier to build than flat ones. In addition, it is much more difficult to heat a two-story house than a one-story house.
If you are installing a second floor, there is no need to concrete floors. It's easier to make them from wood. The house will be warmer. It is best to lift the stairs from the kitchen if it is located immediately outside the front door.
Heat will not escape to the second floor from the living room.
On the second floor there are usually one or two bedrooms. It is best to keep bedrooms small to make them easier to heat. After all, living in a country house, a person enters the bedroom only to sleep.
But, it must be repeated that if the area of the plot allows, then it is better to build a more spacious one-story house instead of the second floor.
Construction of a terrace
Since people spend almost all their time outside in the summer, a covered terrace needs to be added to the house.
It can be located on the entrance side, then the terrace will also play the role of a porch. It must be provided good roof, which will protect from bad weather and hot sun. It is also necessary to provide for the fastening of mosquito nets.
Some tips were given on how to make your country house more comfortable.
10 steps on how to build a country house over the summer
If a person plans to build a dacha from scratch, then he can plan it the way his heart desires. But not everything is as simple as it might seem. Below are the most common mistakes that people make when thinking about what kind of house to build on their summer cottage.
Of course, everyone’s tastes differ, but still, we will talk about those things that help reduce construction costs and increase comfort.
Mistakes when planning a country house
The house is too big
There is no need to build a house too big.
Thick walls in the house
Walls that are too thick require a more powerful foundation, and therefore extra costs.
Modern technologies make it possible to build lightweight houses, for example, frame houses, or from timber. Good insulation solves all heating difficulties, and the choice of high-quality material and qualified builders makes the house very durable.
Construction of a basement or ground floor
There is no need to create a large basement or basement floor unnecessarily.
These premises require high-quality waterproofing, insulation, ventilation and heating. For all this you need to hire specialists. Additional costs for building materials are required. Very significant. Also, do not build a base that is too high. This also increases costs.
If you plan to build a fireplace in the house, then you need to build it in the middle so that the heat from it spreads to adjacent rooms.
A fireplace built against an outer wall is completely irrational.
It seems that all things are very simple. But if you avoid these mistakes when planning your house, you can significantly save on building materials and construction time.
Video example of planning a country house using a special program
Posted on: 4-2-2016
For summer residents who are just going to build their first small house, my selection of 15 photos of country house design ideas will be very helpful. I must say, there is something to learn here and something to be surprised by, but what can I say - it’s better to see for yourself!
I draw your attention to the fact that there are no diagrams or plans here.
All material is provided for inspiration only. But, an experienced builder, if you show him a picture of a structure you like, he can easily build, if not exactly the same, then close to the original.
The first house simply captivated me with its canopy with a pointed roof. If it weren’t for this roof shape, it would have been just an ordinary country house! Agree, such a canopy roof, supported by slender wooden columns, gave the whole house sophistication and elegance!
A beautiful country house, to say the least!
And in this miniature house I really liked the turret at the very top. In terms of area, it is like a temporary shed, but the beautiful decoration of the walls, windows, tiles on the roof and this turret make it almost a palace!
By the way, flower boxes mounted under the window greatly improve the appearance of the facade, no matter how small it is!
This house is just very cute, especially the lattice windows and door.
This country house caused a storm of delight among my whole family.
I showed it to them, saying that we would build the same one for ourselves at the dacha. And a miniature terrace, and dormer windows on the roof! Just a peek. A miniature copy of a beautiful country mansion!
There is a lot of light in this house.
Choosing a garden house and its phased construction
because it has very large windows. But even in cloudy weather it is light and gives you a feeling of greater unity with nature! The pediment of this house is designed in an unusual way - it is decorated with two balusters.
And in this house there is a second light under the roof. Since there are no windows on one side, something like dormer windows are made under the roof itself.
True, from the photo it is clear that the owners use it as a workshop, but for newly-minted summer residents it could also serve as a shelter at night and from the rain.
Small wooden house ik with a canopy across the entire width of the roof.
A good solution - here you have a patio terrace, the wall of the house will protect you from the wind, and the roof canopy will protect you from rain and sun.
This little white house is just a fairy tale!
Elegant, romantic, with a pergola attached to it, it invites you to settle in and not know any grief! Still White color adds sophistication to any building, even very small ones.
This interesting asymmetrical house has frame structure and lined with wood.
The uniqueness of this building lies not only in its unusual roof, but also in the glazing of two walls, forming a “transparent corner” at the exit.
This house is simply attractive and well built.
Blue house under tiled roof with white curtains it looks very attractive.
It feels like the house has a caring owner!
And this bright house in front of a small pond made me feel tender. It is so small and so harmonious with its blue door and windows with tulle curtains that I wanted to sit down in front of it, dip my feet in the pond and daydream for an hour or two.
This house is made of wood, although it is low, it is very nice.
Well, the last house in the series of 15 best is a house with a trapezoidal canopy.
Beautiful, elegant, tastefully decorated - what else can you say! And there is a terrace next to it - there is a place to admire the stars in the evening!
Ideas for small cozy country houses
We could stop here, but there are so many ideas for small houses that I always want to look for something and share my finds with you.
Let me remind you that in America and Canada, the hobby of designing and creating houses on wheels of unusual shapes is very common. These are real residential buildings. I will continue to introduce you to interesting ideas for such houses. After all, if we exclude the wheels, then such houses will look great on our plots! Here is an overview video from the creators of this wonderful house.
There is no translation, but everything is clear.
My construction and life in the country
I would like to tell my story when we decided to live in the country and start all over again. In general, it so happened that our apartments did not exist, and in recent years we lived in rented apartments. And so life within the walls of others and frequent trips brought us - I wanted my own, peace and stability. But the way we live is not rich and can't buy anything, you decide to buy a Dacha (4sotki) and then another, we left the pages very cheap.
These sites are the same, we prepared that they were forced to leave all the bushes and trees from their homes, and yet they had the resources that I introduced sandstone and sand into the future of our home.
But after a few days we decided to give them a chance to defeat the house in the village, and then I brought the plate and two evenings (as I worked during the day), the house was almost ready. It looked like a trailer, but we were not aware of the beauty, it was already the end of September and cold and winter would soon be upon us. Below is a photo of creating a time zone
Construction of a cottage in the country - the beginning
He built it twice - he wanted it faster, but it got dark early, so he took a battery and a lamp with him. So, this house was looking for another night - it was not yet dark.
It worked like a screwdriver and wire, the design was very simple, so everything was done very quickly.
Cabin construction in the country
I then brought in some foam and the house was insulated with 10cm thick foam and foam sealed all the seams between the foam and all the slots.
He made the front door. And the interior, while there were bare slab walls. The next day he brought 200 pieces. red brick and it took two nights to build the brick. A photograph of the furnace design has not survived.
Construction of holiday homes
House dimensions 6.3 * 3m.
interior space 6 * 2.7, common living room 16.2 square meters, which had to include four adults (me, my mom and my two sisters) in the country, electricity, and that's what I thought about beforehand. I made a wind generator, I installed a small battery and bought a 12/220 volt converter. The power of such a power plant was very small because wind turbine was small and was the wrong dean, and a very low one at that. But sometimes one energy-saving light bulb is enough.
All in all, it was a painful start, but a week into this construction, we moved into this period. The transfer took place on October 2, the same day as my sister’s birthday.
In the fall the woods were ready for the winter and a porch was added to the house.
The house is insulated externally with a vapor barrier, covered with film and internal shiny insulation. As a result, in the first winter we found out.
Winter in the country
We were already in winter home energy wind for every 150 watts, the electricity was enough for light and sometimes on the TV, just as the wind was very weak and there was not enough battery power, but I saved everything for improvement, including the power station.
I described everything about the plant in the section “My little adventures”,
Therefore, winter lived in such spartan conditions. My sister and I worked, paid in the spring, having accepted a loan 3 years ago, and at the beginning of the summer a new loan appeared, which spent the money on small items and bought a Chinese engine (110ss) to kill a tree, I went to him for a trailer trailer.
We bought a chain saw and two solar panels. up to 100 watts, so they were buying new batteries for the power plant until March.
In the summer, the porch was covered with luminous insulation to keep it cool in the sun, and solar panels were installed on the wall.
Even the lights on the street and in the house repeated the wiring.
Solar panels
In the summer, the wood was prepared for the entire year, and the motorcycle made 35 trips from nearby forest stands.
So I bought corrugated cardboard, wood, cement and I put new fence made of corrugated panels at the front.
Wood collection
At the same time, I poured a concrete pad under the base of the future of our house.
There was no swimming under the foundation, it simply grew and leveled the surface and spilled a 40 cm wide strip around the perimeter of the house.
How to build a house in Dachau: characteristics and construction phases
The thickness of the concrete is 10-15 cm. Below the photo are parts of the concrete. This is how we lived in the fall, photo after the rain, there was a bit of a mess outside as I searched and twisted the jars under the winter potatoes.
Life in the country
Life in the country
In addition, 11 meters were excavated in Dachau, I dug it myself, I was in a hurry for almost a month and poured concrete with concrete, but I finished it.
So, the tile broke through. He dug a basement on the site of the future house, filled the basement with concrete, and then made a hatch into the roof. Small details were done on details, but I will not list all the little things, only the important ones. I wrote about the break here - Well, with my job 2.
Fine
This year, at the beginning of spring, I took 7 plate cubes, bought ruins and cement and started with the main overflow.
The bottom part of the photo is the preparation of the irrigation panels. Last year the center of the concrete base under the furnace was flooded.
Foundation formwork
After installing the panel panels around the perimeter, he reinforced with a 10mm cast in two threads.
Then I invested in concrete and ended up like this.
Filling the foundation
The panel was attached with 6mm hex pins and once ejected it was easy to remove and remove the shell.
Filling the foundation
Then build the wall frame. The dimensions of the house are 6.30 * 10.80 m. The skeleton was placed alone, sometimes the truth helped the sister give or save something. All this has turned him into screws that pull themselves. below and above, then he used homemade plate made of galvanized sheet metal.
DIY decorated house
DIY decorated house
DIY decorated house
DIY decorated house
Currently, the money for further construction has been completed.
Now you need to make money from corrugated cardboard and place a frame around the roof.
Continuation - second part of the frame
Without the financial capacity to attract professional builders You can, armed with special literature and patience, build a house yourself. In practice, this requires effort, but can save up to half the construction cost.
Many self-builders invite others to view their projects and provide detailed reports, accompanying the process of building a house with detailed photographs.
Features of the house layout
Through the efforts of two men it was built cheap house for permanent residence with attached garage. Initially, the project did not include a garage and was added after the house was completed.
In general, the project changed as the discussion progressed on the advice of other builders and the requests of the wife. The original layout of the house included 6 rooms on two floors.
During construction, it was decided to equip two bathrooms, while on the ground floor the toilet and bathtub should be separate. The area of the living room and the location of the stairs have also changed. Compared to the initial project, the living room was too narrow and elongated. The stairs were also planned to be awkward and steep. After the changes, these shortcomings were eliminated.
The cost of building a house with your own hands
In May 2010, the father of a small family planned to build a cheap house with his own hands for the amount of 300 thousand rubles. This amount included costs not only for materials, but also for connecting gas and electricity. According to the estimate, the following expenses were incurred:
- Concrete - 20,700.
- Edged and unedged timber - 70,000.
- Foam plastic - 31,200.
- Plywood - 8023.
- Metal profile - 16,200.
- Siding - 22,052.
- Used windows - 4000.
- Nails, screws, etc. - 15,000.
- Delivery of material and excavator services - 5200.
- Septic tank - 10,000.
- Plumbing, radiators - 35,660.
- GKL and finishing costs - 21280.
- Design and installation of a gas pipeline, connection fee - 37,000.
- Gas equipment (stove, boiler) - 29,000.
- Electrical connection with materials - 3000.
- Water supply connection - 2000.
According to the builder himself, the estimate lacks a number of small items. However, this also requires additional expenses. It should also be noted that some of the windows were received from friends and did not require financial costs. In total, 327,315 rubles were spent on the construction of the house without any small details. This amount does not include the attached garage. It was added later according to a separate estimate. Additionally, the construction of the garage required an amount of about 34,000 rubles. Subject to unspecified expenses the house cost no more than 400 thousand rubles.
Installation of a shallow strip foundation
The foundation is pre-planned with a width of 35 cm and a height above the ground of 25 cm and 20 cm below the ground. A die-cut section of 2.5x100 mm was chosen as a reinforcing element. The reinforcement of the tape was planned in 2 layers, top and bottom, with three connected sheets of die-cutting in each.
According to advice experienced builders Vertical elements were added, and the number of linked sheets was increased to 5 pieces. Additionally, the height of the foundation above the ground increased and amounted to 45 cm.
reinforcement with die-cutting - you can’t do that! 
After the foundation was poured into concrete, 20 anchor bolts were installed to install the lower frame.
Construction of the first floor
Before installing the walls of the first floor, the platform was installed and insulated and pipes for the sewerage system were laid. The bottom of the platform is left open, the insulation is fixed by means of fixed cuttings of boards. 3 layers of foam plastic, 15 cm thick, were used as platform insulation. The subfloor is made of 150x50 mm boards.
The walls were installed in a horizontal position. Foam plastic and 8 mm plywood protection are laid between the racks, and windows are also installed. The windows in the project were used second-hand. Installation of the assembled wall into a vertical position was carried out by two men. It was decided to abandon the installation of jibs in the construction of the walls. The builder assumed that the frame would be sufficiently rigid due to the plywood sheathing.
After assembling the walls of the first floor, installation was carried out internal partitions. Polystyrene foam was also used as insulation.
The principle of assembling the second floor
After installation of the harness, a temporary floor was partially laid from unedged boards and the walls were assembled horizontally and installed vertically. Second-floor windows were also used.
To increase sound insulation in the interfloor ceiling, non-woven cloth was laid on the floor joists under the boards. This allows you to partially dampen vibration from steps.
Installation of rafters and roofing
Upon completion of the wall assembly attic floor a rafter system was installed. The rafter overhangs were not extended. An inch board was used as lathing. The roof was covered with corrugated sheets 4 m long.
Exterior decoration of the building
For exterior finishing siding was used on the building. It was mounted with a ventilation gap of 25 mm. Also at the stage of exterior finishing, a vestibule was added. The foundation for the vestibule was not installed; the structure was installed on pieces of concrete laid on the ground and sidewalk curbs.
Features of the staircase and its installation
The location of the staircase in the project caused a lot of controversy. Initially, its location suggested excessive emphasis on the attic ceiling. After changing the location and design of the staircase, it was made without a platform with slight turns.
The staircase is made of boards 50x150 mm, the width of the steps is 30 cm. The staircase was installed after the rough finishing of the first floor. Under the upper span there is space left for installing a toilet there. According to personal feelings, the staircase turned out to be comfortable and compact.
Interior decoration of the house
Before the finishing of the premises began, insulation of the interfloor ceiling and flooring of the second floor were completed. To increase the level of sound insulation, felt is nailed between the joists and floor boards. After this it was done rough finish interior spaces of both floors of a cheap house.
The rough finishing included three points:
- Installation of fiberboard as a wind barrier.
- GVL installation.
- Puttying joints and chips of GVL.
In the finishing process, water-based paint was predominantly used. The living room, kitchen and bedrooms are painted in different colors. The floors in the rooms are covered with linoleum, the ceilings are decorated with expanded polystyrene tiles.
Every person who purchased small area land for a dacha, strives to build a house or a similar easily erected structure in a short time. To have a place to relax after a hard day at work, or to hide from inclement weather. Well, it’s natural to get settled in everyday life. Of course, it is advisable to build a house so that it can accommodate the whole family and guests who come for the weekend. The task is, of course, enormous, but quite doable if you have accumulated savings to build a country house, because a large amount of new building material will be required.
If possible, you can hire hired workers to build this structure.
Of course, this will add significantly financial expenses for your family, and if this is not possible, you will have to build a country house with your own hands.
Mostly, dacha owners build their houses with their own hands in order to save money on hiring a construction team and invite relatives and friends to help with the construction, which naturally reduces the cost of the construction process.
Summer residents also sometimes use used materials, which can be purchased at half the price compared to market prices, but this will reduce the durability of the structure by half.
When building his country house, the author decided not to skimp on the basic material and buy everything on the construction market so that it would last for a century and the house would last a long time, delighting his family and his guests with its comfort and aesthetic appearance.
The main material for construction was, of course, wood, which could be better and more beautiful than wood. The author purchased bars and boards at a local sawmill, which turned out to be much cheaper than in a hardware store.
When starting construction, I first drilled holes for the supporting pillars, inserted them and filled them with cement mortar. I tied the poles with boards and left them for a day for the solution to dry. Then he began construction, step by step moving towards his cherished goal.
And so now let's take a closer look at how he built his country house, and what he needed for this.
Materials: board 30 mm, timber 100 by 100, timber 40 by 60, floorboard 50 mm, insulation, professional sheet, lath, fiberboard.
Tools: a circular saw, drill, drill, screwdriver, hammer, shovel, electric plane, angle, ruler, tape measure, circular saw.
And so the first thing he did was invite his neighbor and together they drilled holes to install the pillars.
Then I installed the posts and filled the holes with cement mortar.
I made a screed at the bottom and top so that the pillars would stand level, and after a day, after the solution had gained hardness, I began further construction.
The author makes the top harness.
Then he moves on to creating the roof ridge.
Next he makes the roof sheathing.
Shows the rafter attachment point.
The remains from sawing will also come in handy somewhere.
Next, he proceeds to installing the roof from a professional sheet.
Then he moves on to installing the floors of the house.
So we have a place to store boards from precipitation.
Prepares a batch of boards, cutting them apart on a circular saw.
And begins finishing the cornice.
She covers the walls with boards, and seals the gaps between the boards with slats.
Next we move on to the ceiling trim.
At the current stage of development, there are more than 20 technologies used to build private houses. It is impossible to say unequivocally that this technology is the best, and this one is completely bad. They are all imperfect, they all have positive and negative aspects. To correctly answer the question “What kind of house to build”, you need to decide on the basic requirements that you place on your home. Choose a technology for them. Definition better home Everyone has their own, and so does the material and technology.
What are houses made of?
All external walls can be divided into two large groups: inertial and non-inertial. Inertia houses are built from materials with high heat capacity. They tend to accumulate heat and then emit it. Moreover, the radiation comes in the infrared range. Such houses are warm even at relatively low air temperatures. The feeling is this: infrared heat is better perceived by our body.
The walls of non-inertial houses are a “pie” of materials of different composition and sequence. But they all have one property: the materials are good or excellent. thermal insulation properties, but have a low heat capacity. The main difference between houses of this type is that it is not the walls that heat up, but the air, and it warms up quickly, but also cools down. In order for the heat to last for a long time, the rooms are made airtight. And this has its downsides. Let's talk about the properties and materials of both in more detail.
Inertial materials
Inertial wall material tends to accumulate heat and remove moisture. To retain the accumulated heat for as long as possible, external insulation is required for them. The advantage of rooms made of inertial materials is that in the absence of heating they “hold” the temperature for quite a long time. It follows that such technologies are more appropriate for permanent residences. For temporary visits - for dachas - they are inconvenient and irrational: it takes a lot of time for the walls to warm up. In the meantime, the walls are cold and the rooms are chilly.
Materials for the construction of inertia houses:
- ceramic brick (solid and hollow);
- adobe;
- ceramic blocks;
- foam block and monolith from it;
- gas block;
- expanded clay concrete blocks and monolith;
- adobe houses;
- cinder block.
The main disadvantage of houses of this type is the relatively high cost and duration of construction. Somewhere these shortcomings are more pronounced, somewhere less, but in general they are like this: a strong foundation is required, the walls take a long time to build.
Inertia-free materials
Inertia-free houses are built from materials with low energy intensity. These are mainly modern materials and technologies that provide a multi-layer cake for walls. The main point is that almost all of them have low vapor permeability or do not conduct vapor at all. It’s the same with air: it doesn’t pass through walls. This means that to regulate humidity and ensure inflow fresh air, removal of carbon dioxide, a competent ventilation system is necessary.
The main requirement for inertia-free houses is compliance with the technology and the tightness of the room, and ventilation is necessary to regulate air conditions
Inertia-free houses are built from the following materials:
- 3D panel, MDM, SOTA - inside the system there is polystyrene foam, and outside there is densely reinforced concrete;
- Thermodome, Izodom - in permanent formwork Concrete is poured from polystyrene foam;
- polystyrene concrete - a new type of material - concrete with polystyrene filler;
- sandwich panels - most often they are used to build industrial facilities, but sometimes, in order to save money, they build country houses;
- SIP panels - insulation (mineral wool or polystyrene) between two OSB boards;
- frame houses - insulation between plywood or OSB slabs:
- vacuum panels - new construction technology, which is not yet used in private housing construction, but already exists.
The main advantage of non-inertial houses is the short time and low cost of construction. Since the walls are light, foundations for such buildings require inexpensive ones. Since they account for a significant part of construction costs, the overall reduction in construction costs is significant. If you are deciding what kind of house to build and the key constraint is money and/or time to build it, you may need to choose from these materials. But at the same time, we must not forget about the design of ventilation systems and be sure to take its cost into account when making calculations, otherwise living will be very uncomfortable, and in some cases, impossible.
This is a diagram used by sellers of new technologies to demonstrate their advantages, “forgetting” to talk about the disadvantages
Wooden houses
They stand apart wooden houses. These are houses made of logs or timber (regular, profiled, glued). On one side the walls breathe, on the other there is little inertia. Previously, such buildings could be classified as partially inertial due to the fact that in the center of the building there was a stove with a large heat capacity. The heat accumulated in it warmed the house until the fire burned.
When building wooden houses today, few people install a brick stove for heating. Mainly water heating. Therefore, houses can be classified as non-inertial: if a log large diameter still has at least some significant inertia, then the heat stored in the 150*150 mm timber is definitely not enough. You have to either add fuel at night, or install combination boilers that run on electricity at night. There is another way out - to do external insulation. The measure is understandable and quite effective, but only if the insulation and finishing material are vapor permeable.
Without proper care, a wooden house will look like this
There is another important aspect: in order for wooden houses to have a normal appearance, they require annual maintenance. This means that every year or every two years (depending on the type of processing) you will either have to work with a brush yourself or hire workers. Without this, a beautiful building will turn black and unattractive. Actually, then there is a way out - to do exterior finishing, and this is also an expense, as is the maintenance of wood - impregnations, paints cost a lot.
As you can see, there really are no ideal technologies. To decide which house to build, you need to proceed from your situation, decide on the key points that will allow you to choose the material for the walls and the technology for its construction correctly and with awareness of all the nuances. Let's take a closer look at a few of the most typical home requirements.
Which house is cheaper to build?
Let's start with the fact that the costs of constructing the foundation and frame of a house from all industrially produced inertial materials are definitely more expensive than from non-inertial ones. They have a higher density, and this is reflected in the mass of the building, which leads to an increase in the cost of the foundation.
The most expensive house is brick. We will take it as a standard and compare the cost of construction using other technologies with it. The next most expensive is made from ceramic blocks - about 90% of the price of brick. The most inexpensive of this group are adobe and adobe houses.
An adobe house is 100% environmentally friendly, warm, and cheap. A fairy tale, not a technology
If you have time and the weather permits, you can make and dry it over the summer. adobe bricks for a very large house. In terms of the cost of materials, they can compete with many modern technologies. Especially if you have the opportunity to extract clay yourself. The remaining fillers are straw, manure, etc. - also either free or cost a little. The only point is that it takes time to make bricks, and sometimes it is more expensive than money - after all, there are no industrially made ones. Another limitation is the climate - not everyone’s weather will allow them to dry the clay to stone density. So this technology is available for budget construction in regions with hot summers.
More expensive than adobe, but significantly cheaper than brick and block buildings. Aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete and foam concrete blocks require approximately 70-75% of the estimate for the construction of a similar brick house. But aerated concrete requires excellent waterproofing and should be used in areas with high level groundwater risky. Cinder concrete is inexpensive. By the way, you can also do it yourself. But the service life of slag concrete is about 50 years. Further it will be destroyed.
Even less - about 30-50% of the cost of a brick house is required for the construction of non-inertial houses. The cheapest so far are SIP panels. They cost no more than a third of the price of brick construction. For frames - about 40% will be required. But at the same time, the service life is about 25-50 years, depending on the quality of the materials and the accuracy of the technology. However, for this entire group, adherence to technology is key: even small deviations can have disastrous consequences.
Once again, please note that the cost of the ventilation system must be added to the cost of all non-inertial boxes. If it works out - natural, if not - forced will be necessary (it is much more expensive to install and maintain). But there must be ventilation, and it must be calculated correctly.
The construction of a wooden house will require about 60-70% of the cost of a brick one. But it is also necessary to include caulking and sanding of the frame. You won't be able to get by without them. However, if a wooden house is immediately planned for finishing, sanding is not required.
What is the fastest way to build?
The longest construction period is for a brick house (again). Its construction will take at least a year. This is if all technical processes proceed without delays. It will take about 6 months to make a box of building blocks from finished adobe. It takes 1-3 months to build a house from all types of panels. The same amount will be required to assemble frame houses.
Once again, wooden houses do not fit into any group. If you cut the corners on the spot, you will be assembling the walls for about a month, perhaps two. If you ordered a ready-made project and a layout with cut-out bowls was delivered to the site, you can put it together in a few days. Add time to the foundation and roof. The total will be up to six months. But you won’t be able to move in immediately after the walls have been removed - you will need to wait at least six months or even a year before finishing can begin - it depends on the initial importance of the material.
Only a house made of laminated veneer lumber can be finished immediately. All other wooden houses must stand for at least six months - the wood must dry out and shrink, take on its operational dimensions. The difference in height can be up to 15-20 cm per frame, and this is a lot. Therefore, finishing begins only after 9-12 months. So in this case, putting up a box and quickly moving into it will not work.
So, there is a sea of features. But if you are deciding what kind of house to build in the country, and you plan to stay there only during the season, and you don’t want or have the opportunity to spend a lot of money, then pay attention to frames or SIP panels. They are inexpensive and can be built quickly. Just study the technology thoroughly: they don’t like mistakes.
My home is my castle
If we talk about the strength of the walls, then in first place are brick houses. These are definitely bulletproof walls. Quite strong - expanded clay concrete, cinder block, adobe technologies. Their density is also enough to stop a bullet. With others building blocks a little more complicated - you need to look at the density.
Expanded clay concrete is a good choice - dense enough to be reliable, average in price and construction speed (about 6 months)
Houses with concrete components 3D panel, MDM, SOTA, Thermod, Izod are quite durable. All other technologies are in no way an obstacle to serious shock loads. Of course, nothing can break through them, but they are definitely not a fortress.
As you can see, it is impossible to say unequivocally that any technology is the best. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages, choose the most important points and determine for yourself what kind of house will be built so that it meets your requirements.