Have you noticed orange-yellow spots on the leaves of your apple tree? A healthy tree's leaves do not change color or shape. Lesions are a symptom of a plant disease or attack by pests. Rust stains may indicate a fungal infection fruit tree, especially since apple and pear trees are the most vulnerable types of garden plants. How dangerous is the disease, what consequences can it lead to? Why does it affect apple trees and is there a risk of affecting others? garden crops? Let's figure it out.
Rust on apple leaves
Apple tree rust is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Gumnosporandium tremelloides. Typically, the first symptoms of the disease appear in mid-summer: small protrusions appear on the leaves and quickly grow over the entire surface. Soon stripes or round spots of brown color appear on the outer part of the leaves.
Black spots are visible on the spots - they appear in places under which there is an accumulation of spores.
Periodically, this nursery opens up and releases a new batch of pests onto the plant. Multiple yellow-brown spots occupy 2/3 of the leaf surface; the tree quickly sheds the affected leaves and already in August - September its branches become bare.
What is the danger of rust?
Rust most often affects the leaves, but the fungus can spread to the branches, bark and fruits of the plant. Young shoots are at risk - some of them die, and those that develop will not produce healthy growth and fruit in the future. The development of shoots can last up to 3 years, but then the bark in the affected areas and on the trunk begins to crack. Apples do not ripen - at some stage (for each plant individually) they slow down their growth and fall off.
A sick apple tree does not receive the nutrition necessary for normal growth, as a result of which photosynthesis and metabolic processes slow down and the plant does not have enough moisture. As a result, gardeners receive a poor-quality harvest - the fruits are small, they lack the usual juiciness, and the core is often rotten.
Causes of the disease
The most vulnerable is an apple tree that grows in the same area as a juniper, because this plant is the causative agent of rust. During the cold season, fungal spores accumulate and overwinter in juniper needles - they can remain in a preserved state for several years. With the onset of warmth, the active development phase of the spores begins - they settle on the leaves of apple trees and infect the plants.
Rust is a common disease in southern and coastal regions. In humid climates, spores develop faster, and strong winds carry them over a distance of 40-50 km, affecting fruit trees within this perimeter.
How to fight rust?
Yellow-brown spots must be treated so as not to harm the tree:
- If the cause of the damage is juniper, it is advisable to remove it from the garden and dig deep into the soil in the place where it grew.
- Branches and leaves with stains will have to be removed. They need to be cut 10 centimeters below the affected area.
- After removing the diseased areas, the plant is treated with Bordeaux mixture (1%) or other meld-containing solutions. The apple tree is sprayed three times, every two weeks.
- A common mistake gardeners make is that they begin to treat the tree at the end of summer, when the apple tree has already dropped its leaves. Such measures will not have any effect.
The best time for treatment is early spring, before the buds bloom. First you need to clean the wounds on the shoots (cut as described above) and disinfect the cuts with a solution copper sulfate. After this, you can spray the tree:
- spraying - in the “green cone” phase;
- spraying - in the “bud” phase;
- spraying - after flowering of the tree.
How not to cause harm?
It is impossible to treat spots and other lesions on leaves with Bordeaux mixture in the heat. At high air temperatures, the toxic chemical begins to actively evaporate, its concentration on the leaves of the fruit tree increases several times. The apple tree can get burned, and the gardener can get poisoned by toxic fumes. Breeders recommend spraying plants in the morning or evening, when it is cool outside.
Treating plants in wet weather will not give a positive result, because the solution will drain from the foliage along with dew drops.
Spraying is carried out when the apple tree is dry. At least 6 hours must pass after the rain. There will be no positive effect from the treatment fruit tree at temperatures below +5 degrees, and the apple tree may get burned.
The same thing will happen if you spray the plant in the heat or immediately after rain. In such climatic conditions, copper sulfate, which is part of the Bordeaux mixture and similar preparations, is released in excess. It causes burns of leaves, shoots, and trunk.
You do not want unnecessary problems? Then do not plant coniferous trees in the same area as fruit trees. And if you take a risk, choose varieties of apple trees with strong immunity to scab and fungal infections, surround the plants with other varieties of fruit trees and properly care for the garden.
The appearance of brown spots on apple tree leaves is a common problem that occurs during the growing season. Defects in the green part of the tree crown can lead to further death of the plant and a reduction in the amount of harvest. Having discovered stains, you should understand the cause of their occurrence and perform a set of actions to save the fruit plantings.
To get rid of darkening of foliage, it is necessary to correctly determine the cause of the disease. As a rule, small dots are formed due to the development of a disease or unfavorable environmental conditions, a fungus. Having found out what kind of disease or other factor has affected the leaves, all that remains is to carry out the appropriate treatment of the trees.
Fungal infections
The main cause of rust on leaves is a fungus. Darkening appears along with spores of nearby plantings. First, the tissue grows, and star-shaped outgrowths are formed, on which new spores are formed, carried by the wind to the fruit trees.
Sickness and lack of minerals
In the event of a tree being damaged by copperhead or if there is insufficient quantity minerals in the ground, the leaves become covered with a dark coating and fall off. Most often this happens when wrong choice landing places.
Scab
The development of scab on apple trees is facilitated by an inappropriate place on the site, excess humidity soil and low temperatures.
The disease is more common on young seedlings that have not had time to adapt to environmental conditions.
Weather
Unfavorable weather often leads to the appearance of spots on the leaves of apple trees in northern regions. Prolonged frosts a large number of precipitation and insufficient light provoke the development of rust on trees.
Lack of feeding and fertilizers
For proper and healthy growth of trees, soil must be provided. required quantity fertilizers and vitamins.
Consequences of rust disease and its development cycle
Rust on an apple tree occurs in several stages. The development cycle includes the following steps:
- At the beginning of autumn, fungal spores begin to germinate and form a mycelium.
- With the onset of autumn, the mycelium forms teliospores, which spread on the leaves of the tree.
- Spots appear on the surface of the leaf plates, which increase in the absence of protective treatment.
The consequences of rust are: drying and falling of leaves, reduced yield, deterioration in the taste characteristics of fruits.
The effect of rust on the growth and development of apple trees
In affected trees, photosynthesis and metabolism are impaired nutrients. As the spores consume necessary for the plant moisture, the water balance is lost. When apple trees are infected with rust, they lack vitamin and mineral components, as a result of which development and fruiting slow down.
Tips: what to do, how to treat and how to protect the apple tree from damage by rust fungi.
To eliminate dark spots on the leaves and further protect the apple tree from negative impact a set of measures is required. To grow healthy trees and get a stable harvest, you should use fertilizers, do not neglect the rules of agricultural technology and create favorable conditions for growth.
Prevention of damage
In order to prevent the disease, it is recommended to plant apple trees away from coniferous trees. With the onset of spring, it is necessary to clean the affected areas until a layer of healthy wood appears. For preventive treatment, it is enough to spray the seedlings with a solution of copper sulfate.
Agrotechnical measures
The rules of agricultural technology require planting and growing apple trees, taking into account a number of conditions. In particular:
- the distance between should be more than 3 m for free formation of roots;
- plantings require an area protected from drafts, constantly illuminated by the sun;
- When planting, it is necessary to add fertilizer to the hole for the seedling.
Treatment of plants with chemicals
Chemicals have a more active effect on fruit trees and destroy sources of infection. When using chemicals to treat apple trees, it is important to follow the dosage so as not to harm the leaves and shoots.
Protection of apple trees with biological products
Biologics are an alternative chemicals, but have a milder effect on plants. It is recommended to use products based on biological toxins for spraying young seedlings in order to increase immunity, protect against diseases and eliminate the effects of rust.
Preparation of solutions of biological products
You can prepare a biological solution for treating apple trees yourself. To create a solution, no special preparation or knowledge is required, since it is enough to mix the components in the correct proportions.
"Trichodermin"
To prepare the Trichodermin solution, you need to use the powder of the same name and, separating 50 g, dissolve them in 1 liter clean water. The resulting mixture is stirred, filtered and the volume is adjusted to 5 liters with water.
"Planriz"
The drug Planriz contains rhizosphere bacteria that actively suppress the development of rot and form protection against harmful microflora. To water the plants, you need to dissolve 100 ml of the drug in 10 liters of water. Planriz is also suitable for pre-sowing seed treatment in a ratio of 10 ml of substance per 1 kg of seeds. The properties of “Planriz” are useful when applied to planting holes and periodically used during the growing season.
"Phytodoctor"
To use the drug "Phytodoctor" you need to dissolve the powder in water and treat the area around the roots. “Phytodoctor” is included in the category of biofungicides and stops the proliferation of fungus. The product is valued by gardeners due to the following advantages:
- Long-lasting protection throughout the growing season.
- Versatility of use (for disinfecting seeds, destroying infections, increasing plant immunity).
- The properties of “Phytodoctor” help increase the yield.
"Fitosporin-M"
The product "Fitosporin-M" in powder form dissolves in water and is used to treat rust on apple tree leaves, treat seed material and in for preventive purposes. Trees can be treated with the drug in any weather, but it is worth considering that rain can wash away some of the beneficial components from the vegetation.
Traditional methods
Besides chemicals and biological products, can be used for spraying apple trees traditional methods protection. Various infusions and decoctions are suitable for this. The most common is a decoction horsetail, for the preparation of which you need to fill half a bucket of plant material with water, boil the mixture and leave for 24 hours. The green part of the apple trees is sprayed with the strained solution.
Also from folk remedies beneficial effect provides iodine solution. For 10 liters of water, you need to use 10 ml of alcohol tincture of iodine and spray the leaves at intervals of 3 days.
Apple trees are often affected by various diseases. All pathologies have characteristic symptoms, which can be used to quickly identify the disease and take the necessary measures to save the plants. Let's look at the main diseases of apple trees and methods of treating them.
Apple trees can get sick for many reasons. It may be unfavorable weather, neglect of the rules of agricultural technology, nutrient deficiency and many others. Any disease negatively affects the yield and can cause the death of the tree.
Signs of damage depend on the pathogen.
Pathologies are divided into 3 groups:
1. Fungal (mycoses):
- fruit rot (moniliosis);
- powdery mildew;
- scab;
- rust;
- brown spot (phyllostictosis);
- black cancer;
2. Bacterial:
- bacterial burn;
- bacterial root cancer;
3. Viral:
- star-shaped cracking of fruits;
- paniculation (proliferation);
- rosetteness (small leaves).
The sooner you start treating the apple tree, the greater the chance of saving the harvest and the plant itself.
Fungal diseases
Fruit rot (moniliosis)
Description of symptoms: small brown spots appear on ripening fruits (pictured above). Later they grow and the apples become inedible. The disease spreads very quickly, covering the entire crop. It is almost impossible to detect in the initial stages.
Treatment of fruit rot in the active stage is not possible. It is necessary to carry out prevention, which gives excellent results. In early spring, treat the trees with 3% Bordeaux mixture; you can use fungicides (for example, Horus). The second treatment should be carried out before flowering, using Bordeaux mixture (1%).
After harvesting, repeat spraying the trees with a solution of copper sulfate (0.1 kg per 10 liters of water). Each plant will require 3 liters of solution. Collect mummified apples, you need to get rid of them.
Powdery mildew
The pathogen affects the bark, buds, shoots, and leaves. The main symptom is an off-white coating, which later turns brown. The leaves turn yellow, dry out, and fall off. The apple tree stops producing new shoots and does not bear fruit.
Therapeutic and preventive measures against powdery mildew start in the spring.
2 treatments will be required:
- Before flowering, spray the apple trees with a solution of fungicides (Skor, Topaz) at the rate of 2 ml per 10 liters of water.
- After flowering, treat the plants with a solution of copper oxychloride (40 g per 10 l of water) or with Hom in the same concentration (40 g per 10 l of water).
In autumn, a 3rd treatment is required. Spray the tree with Bordeaux mixture (1%). You can try to treat the plant with a solution containing: 20 g liquid soap, 50 g of copper sulfate, 10 liters of water.
Scab
The main symptom is the appearance of an olive-brown coating on the leaves of the apple tree, they begin to crumble. Subsequently, cracks and dark gray spots form on the fruits.
Treatment consists of spraying plants with biofungicides (Fitosporin-M, Fitolavin, Gamair, Horus, etc.). Carry out the first treatment before the buds open; throughout the entire season you need to perform 2-4 sprayings with an interval of 2 weeks.
A method of treating scab is spraying with Bordeaux mixture. For the first treatment (before buds open), a 3% solution is required; later (after the leaves appear) use a 1% solution. Spray at intervals of 2 weeks. Up to 7 treatments will be required per season.
Spraying with mineral fertilizers has a good effect.
For treatment purposes, the following solutions can be used in the following concentrations:
- potassium salt - 15%;
- ammonium nitrate - 10%;
- potassium nitrate - 15%;
- ammonium sulfate - 10%.
If fertilizers are used to prevent the spread of fungus, reduce the concentration of the solutions.
Carry out additional work:
- trim dry branches;
- strip the affected bark to healthy wood;
- whiten the treated areas.
Rust
Symptoms: the appearance of stripes and brown spots on the leaves, on which black inclusions (accumulation of spores) are visible. In the future, the fungus spreads to branches, bark, and fruits. Some of the young shoots die off. The bark in the affected areas cracks, unripe fruits fall off.
Treatment needs to begin in early spring, before the buds open.
How to treat:
- Remove affected leaves and branches, cut them 10 cm below the diseased areas.
- Disinfect the sections with a solution of copper sulfate (5%).
- Treat the trees with Bordeaux mixture (1%). Spray 3 times at 3 week intervals.
If juniper grows in the garden, it needs to be removed and the area needs to be dug up. The plant is a source of rust infection.
Brown spot (phyllostictosis)
Symptoms: the appearance on the leaves of small brown spots with a dark brown rim. In the center there are black dots (fungal spores). The spots can cover the entire surface of the leaves.
Start treatment at autumn period. Procedure:
- Destroy fallen leaves.
- Dig up the tree trunk circles.
- Trim the thickened crown; this should be done annually.
- In the fall, spray the trees with a urea solution (5%), treat the soil with the same preparation, but at a concentration of 7%.
What to do in spring:
- Spray the trees with Bordeaux mixture (3-4%) before flowering. After the buds have formed, treat only with a 1% solution.
- Perform a second spray after flowering is complete.
In the future, 1 more treatment will be required (no later than 20 days before harvesting).
Cytosporosis
Signs of damage: the appearance of ulcers on the bark dark color. In the future, they penetrate the trunk, increase in size and become brown-red. The bark and branches gradually die off.
Treatment is as follows: in the spring it is necessary to treat the tree 3 times:
- during the period of bud swelling (Hom fungicide - 40 g per 10 liters of water);
- before flowering (copper sulfate solution - 50 g per 10 liters of water);
- after the end of flowering (Hom - 40 g of substance per 10 liters of water).
In late autumn, trim off the affected branches and burn them. Clean the wounds with a sterile instrument. Up to 2 cm of healthy tissue needs to be removed.
Disinfect the cuts with copper sulfate (3%), cover with garden solution. Treat tree trunks with lime, feed apple trees with mineral fertilizers (phosphorus or potassium).
Black cancer
Signs of damage: the appearance of black spots on the leaves, the formation of black rot on the fruits. In addition, the bark begins to darken, multiple cracks appear on its surface, and it begins to turn in the opposite direction.
Start treatment in the spring, before the temperature environment will rise to 15 °C and above. Using sharp knife, remove the affected areas (down to the wood), capturing healthy bark (1.5-2 cm). They need to be burned.
Disinfect the wounds with a solution of copper sulfate (1-2%) and cover with garden varnish. After the trees bloom, spray with Bordeaux mixture (1%). Black cancer may reappear within a year or two. In this case, it is better to cut down the diseased trunk or the entire tree and burn it.
milky shine
The disease affects the bark of the apple tree. The first symptoms of the disease can be seen on the leaves. They turn yellow and white-silver stripes appear on them. Then the leaves fall off. Subsequently, dark spots form on the bark.
Methods of control: remove the affected areas of the tree bark, treat the cuts with a 1% solution of copper sulfate and garden pitch. It is recommended to spray the tree with Bordeaux mixture (1%). Carry out 2 treatments in the spring - before and after flowering. Timely spraying with fertilizers has a good effect.
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial burn (bacteriosis)
Main signs: the appearance of black spots all over the apple tree. The leaves begin to darken and curl, but they remain on the branches. The flowers turn dark brown and fall off. The fruits acquire a dark shade and do not ripen.
Treatment measures include:
Main symptoms: the appearance of growths on the roots (main, lateral), root collar. At first the formations are small and soft, then they increase in size and harden. IN autumn time the growths rot and collapse. At the same time, a large number of bacteria are released into the soil.
Bacterial root canker is introduced into the garden only with seedlings; the disease cannot be treated.
Prevention measures include:
- Careful selection of seedlings (no growths on the central root, root collar).
- Trimming lateral roots with growths.
- Disinfection of the root system after pruning in a solution of copper sulfate (1%) for 5 minutes, followed by rinsing in clean water.
It is necessary to add phosphorus and potassium to the soil mineral fertilizers. You cannot use only nitrogen. It is better to take manure from organic fertilizers.
Bacterial necrosis
All parts of trees are affected (from bark to fruits). The flowers turn brown, then black, and fall off. Spots appear on fruits and leaves. The edges of the leaves become necrotic, the leaf blade curls along the main vein and dries out. Spots appear on the shoots, which then cover the entire young shoot.
A necrotic spot forms on the branches and trunk of the tree, which subsequently increases in size. Oily spots appear, from which liquid oozes. Cambium, inner layer the bark swells, turns yellow-orange, and peels off from the wood.
Treatment consists of the following activities:
- Trim the affected branches, including 2-3 cm of healthy tissue, and burn them.
- Disinfect the sections with carbolic acid (5%) or copper sulfate (1%).
- Cover the cuts with oil paint or garden putty.
- Treat stains on trunks with a 5% solution of zinc chloride. There is no need to clean the wounds. This procedure should be carried out every 3-4 years.
Biological bactericides with targeted action are effective: Gaupsin, Pentofag-S, Fitosporin, Alirin-B. To prevent the spread of bacterial necrosis, treatment with Bordeaux mixture (1%) is necessary.
Viral diseases of apple trees
Mosaic
Symptoms: the appearance of pale green or yellowish spots on young leaves. The veins are colored normally. As the disease progresses, the leaves become fragile and fall off. The apple tree grows and develops poorly.
Control measures: the disease cannot be treated; a tree with signs of damage must be uprooted and burned.
As preventive measures use the following:
- Purchasing healthy planting material.
- Compliance with quarantine measures.
- Spraying against sucking insects will prevent the spread of the virus.
Star cracking of fruits
The disease affects young fruits. Shapeless spots appear on them, in the center of which star-shaped cracks form. The surrounding tissues become dark brown, almost black. The leaves on the branches of the upper tier become lighter, and the tree grows poorly.
The apple tree will remain sick for life, having become infected with viruses. Fighting them is impossible. If a disease is detected, the tree must be uprooted and burned.
Preventive measures:
- use of virus-free planting material;
- spraying against sucking insects (aphids, mites);
- weed control.
Paniculation (proliferation)
Signs of damage: side shoots appear on apple trees in huge quantities. They are distinguished by short internodes, the bark acquires a reddish tone. A sick tree stops growing.
Sharp, large teeth appear on the edges of the leaves. The flowers become green and ugly. Fruiting slows down, the fruits become very pale and tasteless.
Diseased apple trees cannot be treated; the trees must be uprooted and burned as quickly as possible. As a preventive measure, also use sprays against sucking insects that carry viruses. You can purchase varieties that are resistant to damage viral diseases, for example, Antonovka vulgaris.
Rosette (small leaves)
Signs of damage: leaves become small, hard, ugly, yellow-green. The edges curl and the leaf blades take on a cup-like shape. The fruits of a diseased apple tree are small and tasteless. The internodes of the shoots are greatly shortened, and rosettes of leaves (normal and deformed) appear at the tops.
Treatment consists of timely removal and destruction of the part of the tree with signs of the disease. Process the cuts oil paint, adding zinc sulfate to it.
Before buds open, spray the plant with a solution of zinc sulfate. If the disease is not very advanced, use a 5% solution, for moderate lesions - 8%, for severe lesions - 12%. If necessary, re-treat with a 0.5% solution. Prevention measures include: spring application of fertilizers for trees and timely removal of weeds.
Brown spots affect leaves throughout the growing season. A set of measures is needed to prevent and treat such spots.
- Copper shortage often develops on soils overfed with nitrogen, as well as overly moistened. Manifests itself in the appearance of brown spots on the tips of leaves in mid-summer. The shoots die, the leaves become smaller and deformed.
- Brown spot affects apple trees with a thickened crown. The development of a fungal disease occurs with high air humidity and with a lack of manganese in the soil. The spots may be round, angular or irregular shape, often lighter in the center. The affected areas will peel off over time. The disease can develop as early as early summer.
- Leaf burns expressed in yellow-brown, chaotically located spots. Burns on the leaves appear after watering the apple tree in sunny weather, when spraying leaves with fungicidal or insecticidal preparations in increased concentration.
Treatment and prevention
To eliminate copper deficiency Treating the apple tree with copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture against fungal diseases is sufficient. From foliar feeding You can treat the leaves with a solution of copper sulfate at a concentration of 0.05%.
To ensure that the apple tree does not experience a lack of nutrients, fertilizing with nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus fertilizers is necessary.
Fertilizer application requires compliance with certain rules. In spring, the apple tree needs nitrogen to stimulate the growth of new shoots. In autumn it is better to apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Any are better absorbed in moist soil. Therefore, dissolve fertilizers in water or organize watering of the tree trunk circle. Fertilizers must be applied to the width of the tree crown. Organic fertilizers– rotted manure, compost, bird droppings– it is also recommended to lay it in the fall.
To prevent damage to the apple tree by brown spot preventive treatment with fungicides, destruction of fallen leaves, and pruning of the tree for free air circulation are required.
Treatment with copper sulfate and foundationazole poses little danger to people and bees, and spraying with homme is best carried out in the absence of garden plot children, animals. Also, you should not use hom during apple tree blossoms - it is dangerous for bees. For spraying, you will need from 2-5 liters of a solution of fungicidal preparations per tree, depending on its size. Treatment with fungicides at air temperatures above 27 degrees is ineffective.
Foliage affected by brown spot should not be planted in compost heap, it must be burned.
Carry out preventive pruning of old, damaged branches, remove branches in contact with other apple trees. Treat the cut areas with garden varnish.
To prevent burns on leaves Watering rules must be followed. It is not recommended to water the tree crown, especially in sunny weather. Sprinkling can be done in the evening after sunset.
It is not recommended to exceed the doses of fungicidal preparations indicated on the packaging. The leaves are very sensitive to copper-containing drugs, so be careful. Before the leaves bloom, they are treated with a 3-5% solution of Bordeaux mixture, and after the leaves appear, the dose is reduced to 1%.
Brown spots on the leaves occur when there is a lack of minerals, non-compliance with agricultural practices and the apple tree is infected with a fungal disease. Provide the apple tree proper care and then your trees will always be healthy and bring a rich harvest.
Video
The video describes the required minimum protection for an apple tree:
Fruit tree rust is a common disease that affects apple trees, significantly reduces yields, and leads to the death of plantings. In this article we will tell you why rust occurs, how to deal with this disease and how to carry out preventive spraying of apple trees, which will completely solve the problems with this tree disease.
General definition of the disease
Apple tree rust is caused by fungal infections, which without proper treatment can quickly destroy the plantings, affecting various fruit trees on the site. Both young trees and adult fruit-bearing apple trees are susceptible to the fungal pathogen of this disease.
Identifying this disease on an apple tree and fighting the fungus is not difficult. Clearly visible spots with a characteristic rust color may appear on the leaves, which must be treated immediately after their detection. The spots may have small black spots containing fungal spores.
It should be said that the fungal pathogen of this disease overwinters in the ground and in the bark of a tree, and with the onset of the first warm days it becomes active and infects apple tree plantings.
When leaves are infected with rust, they quickly dry out, and fungal spores are spread throughout the garden by wind and rain. In most cases, only the leaves of the tree are affected by rust.
However, a mutated fungus can also be observed on branches and fruits. The most vulnerable are young shoots, which, when affected by rust, quickly dry out and die. The fruits of apple trees that have such rust spots stop growing and quickly fall off.
Spots and foci of such a fungal infection that appear on the leaves of an apple tree invariably disrupt the photosynthesis of trees, and difficulties in metabolism are noted. All this negatively affects the growth of trees.
Rust spores penetrate the foliage and shoots, drawing off some of the moisture. As a result, the entire tree suffers from a lack of life-giving water, which can also, with extensive damage, quickly lead to the death of the plantings. Treat landings in in this case necessary with appropriate agrochemicals, which can be purchased at garden stores.
How it spreads
How this disease spreads and what to do to prevent it. The smallest fungal spores of apple tree rust can be carried by the wind 50 kilometers. Therefore, it is often difficult to completely protect your garden from this disease.
At the same time, it is necessary to eliminate all pockets of possible infection, which will minimize the danger, and when the first signs of such a disease appear, you can quickly take action and cure all your trees.
It has been established that the main carrier of rust fungal spores is juniper. Therefore, if this shrub grows on your site or nearby, it must be completely uprooted, and the ground should be dug up deeply.
Fencing apple trees with various other plantings that retard painful spores has shown effectiveness. Do not forget also that the fungal pathogen of this disease overwinters in the bark of trees, so appropriate therapeutic fungicidal treatment will allow you to destroy the infection even before it begins to become active on the trees.
This is why it is extremely important to carry out correct processing trees in early spring, which will be an excellent prevention against various diseases.
Prevention of rust on apple trees
Proper prevention of fruit tree rust will protect your Apple orchard from this dangerous disease. It is only necessary to determine why the damage to the plantings occurred and provide proper care for the plantings.
As such preventive measures, we can recommend that you abandon the practice of landing on personal plot decorative coniferous plants. Therefore, if you grow in your garden decorative pine trees, fir trees, thujas or other similar trees must be uprooted, and the ground must be plowed and disinfected accordingly.
Every spring, after the snow melts, trees should be pruned, even before the buds appear, and the plantings should also be treated with a solution of copper sulfate. In garden stores you can find various antifungal fungicides that are effective; they can be used both for preventive purposes and for the treatment of this unpleasant disease.
Rust or any other diseases fruit plants do not arise out of nowhere. A suitable biology for the causative agent of the disease is required, as well as a significant weakening of the plantings.
The optimal environment for the development of rust, as well as any other fungal diseases, is heat, high humidity. To prevent this, you should properly water the plantings, and do the appropriate pruning of the crown every spring, which will avoid its thickening.
Treatment of rust on apple trees
With timely initiation of treatment for this disease, the gardener will be able to quickly cope with this disease, restoring the growth and productivity of his apple orchard. Currently, there are various effective fungicides that quickly destroy the fungal pathogen of fruit tree rust.
To disinfect leaves with characteristic rust stains, we can recommend that you use a 5% solution of copper sulfate. Treatment can be carried out in early spring and summer after rust-affected leaves are detected.
Sulfur-based products also show high effectiveness. One of the most common such fungicides is colloidal sulfur, which is easy to use.
You can also use 1% Bordeaux mixture, such as Strobi, Polyram, Cumulus and Abiga Peak. Let's talk in more detail about using these effective fungicides from rust.
Strobe is effective drug a new generation of fungicides that destroys various diseases caused by fungal spores. This drug is completely safe to use and can be used both for the prevention and treatment of trees and leaves with spots affected by fungus.
One of the advantages of using this fungicide is its complete safety, since after two to three weeks it is completely removed from the trees, without compromising the quality of the grown crop. Strobi is sold in the form of a dry powder, which is diluted in water immediately before spraying.
To spray, you will need to dilute one teaspoon of powder in 10 liters of water and use the prepared solution to treat one fruit tree. It is recommended to carry out two treatments of the affected apple tree plantings within 10 days, which will completely destroy the causative agent of this disease.
Abiga-pik is a contact copper-containing fungicide with broad action. It is sold in the form of a suspension, which must be diluted in 10 liters of water before use. The active copper contained in this product quickly destroys various fungal diseases, while it is completely safe for planting and ripening crops.
Cumulus is actually colloidal sulfur, which is made in an easily digestible form. Available this remedy in the form of granules that dissolve in water before use.
It should be remembered that plantings can be processed in a strictly defined temperature range from +18 to +28. It is best to stick to the upper temperature range, since at 20 degrees and below the processing efficiency decreases somewhat.
The granules must be diluted in a bucket of water and used to spray one tree. This product has certain restrictions on its use, but it is extremely effective.
Conclusion
Apple tree rust is a common bacterial disease that affects fruit plantings and is localized mainly on tree leaves. You can identify rust by seeing spots on the foliage of apple trees with a characteristic yellow or brown color.
If you notice such signs of a disease, you need to fight it using appropriate fungicides, which will allow you to quickly deal with the problem that has arisen, and your garden will grow quickly and bear fruit well.
