Wood boards: types, methods of application and processing. All types of edged boards Four-edged and clean-edged timber

Interest in natural wood is completely justified: after all, wood is environmentally friendly and safe material for construction and finishing residential buildings. Such material is able to “breathe”, saturating the space useful substances, as well as a pleasant aroma.

One of the most popular types wooden products is wooden plank. To produce such boards, various types of wood are used, depending on the purpose of the board itself.

Very often, coniferous wood is used in construction: pine, spruce, larch, cedar, fir. This wood is distinguished by excellent external and mechanical properties: warm color pleasing to the eye, beautiful texture, pleasant aroma, high strength, low hardness, resistance to cracking and rotting. Besides, conifers are not subject to bending because they do not have high ability to that.

The main indicator of choosing wood for boards is appearance. When choosing wood for the production of boards, high requirements presented to her appearance. The wood should be free of knots, rot, wormholes and other defects. For example, the presence of knots significantly reduces the strength of wood due to a violation of its homogeneity. Depending on the appearance, wood comes in three grades.

IN finished form a wooden board can be of different humidity:

natural,
dried on special equipment.

During artificial drying, the moisture content in wood decreases by 8%.

Air drying wood. At wood processing plants and warehouses, boards are stored in stacks that are sorted by size. The stack is formed in such a way that air can pass through it freely - this is necessary for air-drying the wood. To prevent cracking, the ends of the boards are covered with lime, and to protect them from atmospheric moisture they are covered with roofing felt.

According to the processing method, the boards can be:

Edged,
Unedged.

An edged board is a board with a wane that does not exceed the established value. Wane is the edge of a board that is cut from a log and not trimmed at the edges. U edged boards, as a rule, the width is larger double thickness. There is no bark on the lateral edges. This type of boards is most in demand in the construction market than unedged board.

Unedged board- this is a board whose edges are not sawn or partially sawn with a wane more than permissible in edged lumber. This type of board is characterized by the presence of bark on the side edges. Unedged boards are usually used for exterior work: flooring, cladding elements load-bearing structures, planed parts, etc.

In construction, boards are used for various purposes: this includes external work during construction wooden houses, and manufacturing fences, etc. The board is also used for interior decoration at home, for example, for floors.

To produce boards, our company uses imported equipment, which allows us to achieve highest quality product. The Timber Trading Company uses various wood species to make boards.

All photos from the article

Wooden boards do not lose their relevance due to their shape and “pedigree” with specific physical properties. Their small thickness, but sufficient width, allows them to cover large surfaces without overloading the structure with excess weight. By using modern technologies excellent imitations of precious rocks are created, and the resistance of the boards to mechanical and environmental influences is increased.

About the types and methods of using boards

The board can be called one of the ingenious inventions of mankind - amazing simple form allows you to create complex geometric designs or sheathe surfaces. Conifers are soft and durable, resistant to bending, traditionally used in construction, hardwoods are used for arranging interior living spaces.

Using physical and decorative properties materials are created:

frame houses;
roof trusses;

decorative elements - carved wooden boards;
floors and decking;
cladding interior spaces and building facades;
stairs;
pallets and containers;
hedges and much more.

Note!
To properly “communicate” with the board, you should remember the names of its different parts: wide - face, short side sections - ends, narrow longitudinal section - edge.

An old recipe with a new twist

Thermowood boards (TMD), obtained as a result of special processing, are gaining more and more popularity:

in an airless vapor-gas environment at a temperature of 180–240 °C;
supersaturated water vapor at 240 °C.

As a result, the wood becomes chemically resistant and “holds its shape” well - geometric parameters. In addition to this, the decomposition of wood sugar - hemicellulose, which ordinary tree is a permanent source of microorganism development.

Thermally modified wood becomes denser and acquires new properties:

durability increases on average 20 times;
does not dry out/swell due to changes in humidity and temperature;
water absorption decreases by 3–5 times;
thermal conductivity is reduced by almost a quarter;
inexpensive wood takes on an exotic look - ordinary pine can look like a natural mahogany board;
When burning, it emits a minimum of carbon monoxide.

Note!
Contrary to claims that wood definitely loses its elasticity after thermal effects, it was noticed that pine at 175 C° loses its ability to bend by 10%, and spruce wood improves this indicator by 15%.

Disadvantages include:

fragility;
smell of burnt wood (temporarily);
contact with the ground is undesirable;
changing the appearance can lead to confusion of varieties (this can be a problem for professionals and a loophole for enterprising businessmen);
high price - the difference between a decking board made of untreated ebony 147x24 mm, 3 m long and TMD pine premium 130x20 of the same length will cost about 1 thousand rubles.

The scope of application of heat-treated boards can be done with your own hands, and is similar to conventional material:

external and internal finishing;
construction of load-bearing structures;
installation of decking, flooring.

The instructions provide for 3 stages of processing (standard EN 335-1-2006) also designating the class, starting from a temperature of 190 °C and increasing it each time by only 20 °C, the properties of the wood change dramatically:

At the first stage, it is not the physical but the external properties material – the color darkens and becomes more saturated;
In proportion to the resistance to rotting, the ability to bend is weakened;
Maximum resistance to rot is achieved, and the boards acquire strength, which allows them to be used as finishing facades, patio decking and different designs open air.

In conclusion

The board can be confidently called a person’s faithful companion, an ordinary miracle and a faithful assistant. Its possibilities are so great that it is impossible to imagine what it would look like home interior or a yard without it.

Modern technology allows local woods to look like exotic exotics, allowing imaginary luxury to enter every home. And the strength of thermally modified boards, with standard use, is extended for an incredibly long period.

The video in this article shows the board production process.

In the comments to the proposed material, you can always ask questions that interest you.

Use in construction natural wood is very popular. And this is not easy, because this material has a high level of environmental friendliness and safety, which is so necessary during the construction of residential buildings. Advantage wooden material can be attributed to the ability to breathe, has good thermal insulation and very durable.

Wooden boards, which are made from various types woods such as pine, larch, fir, cedar and spruce.

These species have good strength, resistance to cracking and rot, attractive texture and color of wood, and coniferous wood is not subject to bending.

The main criterion for choosing wood for making boards for construction is its appearance, namely, there should be no knots, wormholes or other various defects on the surface of the wood.

At the moment, you can find wooden boards, which are divided into several types according to appearance and humidity, as well as the method of processing.

A wooden board can vary in moisture content, where it can be dried naturally, or dried using special equipment. If artificial drying was used, the wood moisture content is reduced to 8%.

It should also be noted that boards can differ in the way they are processed and are divided into two main types: edged and unedged boards.

Features of edged boards

An edged board refers to a board cut from a log and not cut at the edges. Typically, the width of an edged board has a larger indicator, which is equal to twice its thickness. It should also be noted. That the surface of the edged board is smooth and smooth surface, while there is no bark on the side edges, which makes them very popular in construction industry.

Features of unedged boards

An unedged board is also made from logs, but the side edges are not cleared of bark. This type of board is usually used for outdoor work, namely flooring, cladding of load-bearing elements and structures, as well as for creating planed parts.

Where are boards used?

Wooden boards in the construction industry are used for various purposes, namely for both interior and exterior decoration. From edged boards can be created floor coverings, wall covering, both indoors and outdoors. It should also be noted that wooden boards can be used to create fences and build various extensions and structures.

Lumber is widely used in construction work Oh. In most cases, they are purchased ready-made, based on technological requirements. Despite the apparent simplicity of the concept of “lumber,” it is not so easy to understand their huge classification. But if there is a need to work with them, you need to clearly understand all the subtleties and features of different types of wood.

Types of lumber

To produce lumber, tree trunks of various species are used, which are first cleared of bark and branches. Boards from coniferous trees are intended for the construction of load-bearing structures, from hardwood - for the creation of furniture, finishing and decorative works. Based on this, as well as the shape, type and grade of lumber, a classification of lumber has been developed. During the production process, most waste, including sawdust, is processed into valuable building materials.

Usually birch and poplar are used. Depending on the required characteristics, other breeds may be used.

Oak is best suited as a raw material for furniture if finishing work is required with high humidity, the best solution it will become clear. It is better to make from spruce decorative items, which are strongly bent during processing.

Classification of lumber by processing

Finished products differ not only depending on the type of raw materials, but also on the processing method. There are several types of log cutting, among which are:

transverse (logs are cut across the wood fibers) - usually used in the production of decorative parquet;
semi-radial (wood is sawed at an acute angle to the grain) - used in the manufacture of flooring;
radial (the cut is made strictly through the middle of the trunk) - boards obtained by this method are characterized by high strength, resistance to external influence and attractive appearance;
tangential (a little further than the middle) - used for aesthetic purposes, to create a beautiful decorative pattern.

After cutting, the lumber must be dried. This process can take place in a natural way or artificial. Majority industrial enterprises use drying chambers, which allow you to dry the boards faster and reduce moisture to a level lower than when drying in air. If necessary, such a chamber can be built with your own hands.

Depending on the degree of processing and manufacturing method, the following types of lumber are distinguished:

unedged – edges finished board not processed in any way;
edged - the side parts are sawn off to form a rectangular board shape;
planed - all or some surfaces are sanded to get rid of roughness;

Each of these types is used in construction and finishing works Oh. Often this is only primary processing; if necessary, lumber can be bent, cut, varnished, or polished. Sometimes holes or grooves are made necessary for installation work.

When carrying out construction work it is required Various types lumber, which differ depending on size, shape, structure.

Traditional classification distinguishes the following types, the so-called lumber assortment:

Timber – traditional timber is called construction material which is produced by cutting off the edges of a log to create a square or rectangular shape. Most often, timber is used to create load-bearing structures, doors, staircase windows. The thickness of the timber usually exceeds 10 cm.
Bars are similar to radiation bars, but are smaller in size. Typically used in furniture production, construction and finishing works. Can be customized to the required size, shape and degree of processing. Often the gauge is indicated on the bars, based on which it is easy to select the required material.
The board is next step timber processing. May differ in thickness, degree of edge and surface treatment. It also has a certain calibration based on standard sizes.
Sleeper – special type lumber, which is characterized by high strength and resistance to environmental influences. Because of this, they were widespread in the railway sector, where they were used to lay tracks.
Croaker - a type of board, its distinctive feature is the form. When cut, one side is given a flat surface, and the other is swollen, semicircular. Often used in decorative purposes, usually as a façade covering.
Obapol - made from the outer parts of a log, usually during the production of timber. It has no edges, only one smooth side and one swollen side. If necessary, the cavity is cleaned of traces of bark and sanded.
Rounded logs are used for the construction of wooden houses (log houses). Only smooth tree trunks of a certain diameter without large branches are suitable for its production. During the production process, the log is stripped of its bark and outer layers, achieving virtually perfect shape. Special grooves called locks are cut out on the finished rounded log, which ensure high structural strength. Finished log houses are very beautiful, warm and do not require additional interior finishing.
Profiled timber is becoming increasingly popular in the construction industry. The basis for its production is ordinary timber, on the surface of which connecting grooves are cut by milling or planing. Structures made from connected profiled timber are highly durable. Also, in most cases, it does not require additional finishing work. To construct buildings from such timber, it is not necessary to create a powerful foundation.
Glued laminated timber - made from boards or other individual elements, by gluing the lamellas together. This design is stronger, more durable and resistant to the external environment. The use of individual lamellas allows you to create timber of the ideal length and shape.
Block house is a type of slab, which is distinguished by the presence of grooves and protrusions on the edges. They are necessary for bonding individual parts during the finishing work. Used to create building facades. Can be additionally polished and varnished. This material has excellent insulating properties, retaining heat inside the building and protecting against street noise.

For the manufacture of lumber, various tree species are used, differing in strength characteristics, durability, stability and degree of flexibility. Based on the type of wood used, there are:

Lumber made from softwood.
A product based on the wood of deciduous trees.
Products combining coniferous and deciduous wood.

The main types of conifers used:

pine – characterized by a soft, bright red structure, saturated with resin, used in the construction of load-bearing structures and the manufacture of furniture, windows and doors.
cedar - has a red color, the wood is quite hard and strong, lends itself well to processing, which is why it is widely used in construction and for the manufacture of small items, such as pencils.
spruce – distinguished by its white color, resinous structure, is often used in construction, the furniture industry, the manufacture of windows, doors, and musical instruments.

To determine the grade of softwood lumber, you can use a calibration table, which indicates the parameters of weight, size, structure, color and other characteristics.

Quality classification

Based on the quality of wood and its processing, a range of timber products has been developed, which is based on the assessment of the finished material according to several parameters. These include: worst side, edge, face and section structure.

The generally accepted classification contains the following list of varieties:

Selected variety. Materials of this group should not have obvious defects, such as mold or rot, overgrown knots and other inclusions. The assessment is carried out after drying, during which cracks may appear, which are also not allowed. It is possible to allow shallow cracks that do not affect the strength, as well as a small number of healthy ingrown knots (maximum 2 knots per 1 m of product).
First grade. It is not very different from the selected one, it has a greater tolerance for knots (no higher than 1 cm, must be healthy and not wobble) and cracks (cracks up to 1 cm deep are acceptable). Ready material should not have rot, rottenness, mold, various inclusions, damp layers and mechanical damage. Typically used in construction.
Second grade. Used in the furniture industry, allowed large cracks, not exceeding a third of the length of the product, small wormholes. Must not contain traces of mechanical damage, rottenness or rot.
Third grade. This grade allows a small amount of rotten knots, wormholes over the entire surface, as well as through cracks. Most often, third-grade material is used for the production of containers, less often for the construction of sheds and other small buildings, as well as commodity pallets.
Fourth grade. This is low grade wood. It is used for the production of structures and objects that do not require increased strength and durability characteristics. Made from similar materials scaffolding, pallets, boxes, gazebos and temporary buildings,

Purpose of lumber

Various types of lumber have found application in almost all spheres of human activity. But the majority of all wood produced is used in the construction and furniture industries, as well as for interior and exterior finishing work. Moreover, lumber is often further processed before final use; it is sanded, polished, painted or varnished, and grooves, patterns and holes are cut out. In some areas additional processing is required; the wood is treated chemicals from rodents, high moisture or fire-fighting liquid.

When making furniture, it is often necessary to bend wood to obtain unusual shapes and patterns. Products curved shape the most expensive, since their production technology is very resource-intensive, requires a lot of time, certain knowledge and special equipment.

It is noteworthy that already curved product, can be bent repeatedly, changing the shape. To do this, you just need to wet and heat the wood; often steam under pressure is used for such purposes.

Regulatory Requirements

Based on the characteristics of lumber and the requirements put forward for their properties, a regulatory framework has been developed on which wood producers rely. All detailed information the grade of lumber is indicated in GOSTs.

Download GOST 8486-86

The construction market offers a huge variety of construction and finishing materials. And floor coverings are no exception - you can choose to suit every taste and budget. However, one of the most popular is flooring boards. After all natural materials always in price, and wood has excellent visual characteristics, strength and durability. Although it is not without its drawbacks, it is therefore important to choose this material correctly.

Floor board

Floorboards are the main element for laying a wooden floor. Unlike parquet boards, which are glued together from separate layers, the floor board is made of solid wood and has all the advantages of wood, since no artificial materials are used in production.

Batten

Since this is a finishing material, the following requirements apply to it:

the wood must be well processed, the surface free of knots and flaws;
the wood must be chamber drying- if placed on the floor raw boards, they will warp and become unusable.

To connect the elements, a tongue-and-groove design is used. On one side wooden plank a protrusion is made, and on the other - a groove. During installation, the material fits tightly and there are no gaps left. This type of lock is called tongue-and-groove; in addition to ease of installation, it prevents cracks from forming when the planks dry out. The edged board stands out separately; it comes without locks.

Floor boards are made from different types of wood, the most popular:

elm;
ash;
maple;
pine;
larch.

Beech and oak floorboards are dense and heavy, and therefore place increased demands on fastening and preparation of the base. These are one of the most expensive breeds. Larch and pine are cheaper, but also softer, so they have a shorter service life. The floors are also made of alder and walnut.

Oak slats

Pros and cons of wooden flooring boards

Natural wood floors have both advantages and disadvantages. And the main advantage is 100% natural origin.

environmental cleanliness;
excellent appearance;
variety of wood textures;
durability and strength;
good additional noise and heat insulation;
the material can be restored.

wood is afraid of moisture;
the material is classified as fire hazardous;
installation of floors is labor-intensive;
Mold and mildew may appear on the wood.

The board for making floors from the manufacturer is sold without finishing, so the material needs decorative processing. On the other hand, this can also be called a virtue. After all, as the varnish coating wears off and defects appear on the wood, the surface can be sanded and repainted, resulting in, in fact, new floors.

Important! Wood requires mandatory treatment with moisture-protective agents.

Types of boards

This material is divided into several varieties. To understand which board is suitable for the floor, you need to understand them.

terraced;
parquet;
sexual

Each of these types has its own differences and is intended for use in a specific area of construction.

Terrace board

Parquet board

This is a glued lamella, which is made of three layers of wood:

the lower one - acts as a substrate, is made of coniferous trees;
medium - the thickest, provides strength to the material. Made from either fiberboard high density, or from coniferous wood;
the top layer is veneer or a solid sheet of valuable wood. Can be made from oak, beech, ash, alder or other types of wood.

The final layer is varnish coating. It is applied in several layers, and a special moisture-proof impregnation is required.

The thickness of the parquet board ranges from 7 to 25 mm. Most thin material It is rarely used because it quickly breaks down, and the small thickness of the top layer of veneer does not allow sanding and restoration of the coating.

The most popular material is 15-20 mm thick - for private premises it has the best price-quality ratio. A parquet board 25 mm thick is used for public spaces where increased demands are placed on the strength of the material.

Parquet

Terrace board

This is the same sex, only intended for use on outdoors and in places with high humidity. Its main difference from other types is its wavy front surface. This makes it not so slippery, which is why this material is often used for decking near swimming pools.

However, due to the ribbed front part, this coating is quite difficult to process, so when purchasing, you should pay attention to the quality of the wood. Make sure that the slats are equipped ventilation ducts, which are located along the bottom. Thickness decking boards for the floor can be very different, but the most popular is 35 mm.

Sexual

This type of material is made of solid wood natural wood with a smooth front surface. Floorboards, as already mentioned, are divided into types:

grooved - equipped with special locks that facilitate installation;
edged - ordinary planed wood.

For finishing, it is better to choose tongue-and-groove material. It is easier to work with and is not as prone to drying out. However, edged boards are cheaper, and they are suitable in those rooms where there are no increased requirements for the tightness of the boards. It is used in baths - such a coating will ensure free passage of water between the slats. Edged material is used to construct a subfloor.

Floorboards come in different sizes, the most popular thickness being 25 mm. When choosing, you should pay attention to the quality of the surface, the degree of humidity and the rock. The service life of the coating directly depends on this.

Trimming strips

Board sizes

This material is available in different sizes. The choice is made based on the following criteria:

room dimensions - for large room A wide floorboard will do; its massiveness will come in handy;
area of use - residential or utility room;
planned loads.

When choosing, the purpose of using the material also plays a role. For rough coverings, a 20 mm floorboard is suitable. Moreover, low quality material is used for these purposes.

Thickness

This is one of the main parameters of the material. The thickness is selected based on the expected loads and the design of the lag. The larger their step, the thicker the board is.

When laying on beams:

at a step of 60 cm, a 35 mm floorboard is laid;
with a step of 30 cm, a thickness of 25 mm is needed;
at a step of 100 cm – 50 mm.

Important! A thin edged floorboard is cheaper than a thick one, but you will have to lay logs underneath it more often.

However, the terms of use must also be taken into account. If heavy loads are expected on the floor, then it is better to choose a thickness with a margin. Therefore, the most popular floorboards for residential premises are 45 and 35 mm. If a rough base is being made, the best option will use 25 mm material.

Board width

The width of the planks is selected based on the geometry and dimensions of the room. The most popular sizes are from 80 to 140 mm. However, there are others, they are just used less frequently.

The wider the material, the more difficult it is to install. Such boards are more demanding in preparing the base. On the other hand, installation is faster.

However, planks that are too wide are susceptible to deformation due to fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Therefore, it is recommended to choose a material with a width of 100-120 mm. The length is also varied - from 3 to 6 meters. When choosing, again, the dimensions of the room and the ability to reduce waste are taken into account.

Wide slats floor

Selecting boards

When deciding which board is best to use for the floor, you must first determine the requirements for the coating and its operating conditions. Gets up and financial issue– not everyone wants to spend money on oak or beech flooring.

To make the right choice, consider the following rules:

For open spaces(verandas or gazebos) right choice– terrace lamella. A best breeds– oak, ash and larch. They are resistant to temperature changes and high humidity, therefore suitable for the street. A special corrugated surface prevents water from accumulating on the floor surface.
if the material is selected for use in residential premises, it is better to take tongue and groove boards. Any breed is suitable, but preference should be given valuable species. Oak or alder floors look rich, are durable and strong. On the other hand, softwoods are cheaper and the variety finishing materials allows you to make high-quality decorative finishing;
If done rough wooden floor- then buy the most cheap material– unedged softwood board;
When choosing a material for a bathhouse, you should not use pine and other conifers. At high temperatures Such lamellas emit resin, and they are also susceptible to moisture. That's why optimal choice- this is larch.

So, what kind of boards are needed for floor construction determine the conditions of use.

tongue and groove lamellas

What to look for when buying

When buying wood, there is a risk of running into low-quality material. Therefore, you need to know how to choose the right floorboard, especially since there are not so many criteria for selection.

What to look for when purchasing:

Humidity within 15-20%. If a dry floorboard is laid on the floor, it will last a long time and will not deform. If you install the material with a natural level of humidity, after some time they will dry out and warp;
The tongue and groove floorboard must have the correct geometry - the planks are the same length and width. Another point is the plane of the panels; if they are misaligned, this will cause problems during installation;
The general appearance must correspond to the class of the material;
If you buy a tongue and groove board, make sure that the lock is easy to assemble and its parts fit tightly together.

These simple rules, will help determine the quality of the product. After all, this requires only a thorough visual inspection.

Important! Any wood is afraid of moisture, so when arranging the floors you will have to take care of waterproofing and make a ventilated subfloor.

Wood plank classes

Another one important characteristic material - these are classes of boards or their grade. There are four varieties in total:

The highest grade or extra class is the material itself High Quality. The 36 mm premium quality floorboard has no knots and has a uniform color and pattern. These strips are suitable for finishing colorless varnishes, since they have no visible defects;
The first grade is somewhat worse than the highest. The 28 mm floorboard of this class has small knots. In this case, color unevenness is allowed. This material is also used for finishing coatings, since wood has few defects;
Second grade - here knots are present in large quantities. Cracks and resin inclusions are allowed. It makes sense to use such wood for painting or for covering;
Third grade - it is used only for rough work, the abundance of defects simply does not allow the use of such wood for finishing.

For each area of construction work, the appropriate type of material is selected.

Second grade wood

Wood type

Another characteristic by which to choose flooring material is a breed. After all, each has its own characteristics and best area applications.

The most popular breeds:

Oak is one of the most durable species. Oak board 44 mm in strength exceeds coniferous board sixty. It is durable, strong and moisture resistant. Wood has 44 mm beautiful colour and drawing. Oak is a valuable species, so purchasing this material will be expensive. However, the service life compensates for this cost;
Coniferous species are the most common. They are characterized by low cost at good quality. Used at all stages of construction - from roughing to finishing;
Alder is a soft species, but its interesting pattern and richness in natural antiseptics make alder popular for finishing baths, dining rooms and children's rooms.

In addition to these, other species are used: linden, aspen, beech, ash. Therefore, there is plenty to choose from. When purchasing, it is important to focus on the area of application of the material; for example, it is better not to make alder floors outdoors.