Svetlana Baburova
« We learn by playing!» (logic games with"By Dienesh blocks")
Without no game, and cannot be complete mental development. A game- this is a huge bright window through which spiritual world The child receives a life-giving stream of ideas and concepts. The game is the spark, igniting the flame of inquisitiveness and curiosity.
V. A. Sukhomlinsky
In preschool age a game becomes the leading activity, but not because modern child, as a rule, spends most of his time entertaining him games, - a game causes qualitative changes in the child’s psyche. Through play, a child enters the world of adults, masters spiritual values, and assimilates previous social experience. Game is activity, in which the child first emotionally and then intellectually masters the entire system of human relationships. A game- this is a special form of mastering reality by reproducing it and modeling it. A game is an end-to-end mechanism of child development, through which the content of five educational regions: "Socially - communication development» ; « Cognitive development» ; "Speech development"; “Artistic and aesthetic development”; « Physical development» . A game is the main type of activity of children, as well as a form of organizing children's activities in kindergarten.
Dear colleagues and parents, I would like to introduce you to logic games« By Dienesh blocks» which I use in my work.
Set logical blocks makes it possible to lead children in their development from operating with one property of objects to operating with two, three and four properties. In progress various actions With blocks children first master the ability to identify and abstract one property in objects (color, shape, size, thickness, compare, classify and generalize objects according to each of these properties. Then they master the skills to analyze, compare, classify and generalize objects according to two properties at once (color and shape, shape and size, size and thickness, etc., a little later on three (color, shape and size; shape, size and thickness; color, size and thickness) and four properties (color, shape, size and thickness). Along with logical blocks the work uses cards on which properties are conventionally indicated blocks(color, shape, size, thickness).
brain teaser« Dienesha blocks» are a set of 48 geometric figures:
a) four forms (circle, triangle, square, rectangle);
b) four colors (red, blue, yellow);
c) two sizes (big small);
d) two types of thickness (thick, thin).
Each geometric figure characterized by four signs: shape, color, size, thickness. There is not a single identical figure in the set!
Range of tasks to be solved:
* Familiarity with the shape, color, size, thickness of objects.
* Development of spatial understanding.
* Development logical thinking , idea of a set, operations on sets (comparison, partitioning, classification, abstraction, encoding and decoding of information).
* Mastering the basic skills of an algorithmic culture of thinking.
* Development of the ability to identify properties in objects, name them, generalize objects by their properties, explain the similarities and differences of objects, justify their reasoning.
* Development of cognitive processes, mental operations.
* Fostering independence, initiative, and perseverance in achieving goals.
* Development of creativity, imagination, fantasy, modeling and design abilities.
* Speech development.
* Successful mastery of the basics of mathematics.
All games And game exercises I divided into 4 groups with gradual complication:
To develop the skills to identify and abstract properties;
To develop the ability to compare objects according to their properties;
To develop the actions of classification and generalization;
To develop the ability to logical actions and operations.
All games and exercises, with the exception of the fourth group ( brain teaser, are not addressed to a specific age. After all, children of the same calendar age may have different psychological age. Some of them reach the next stage in intellectual development a little, and some much earlier than other peers, but everyone must go through all these steps. If the child cannot cope with the task on his own, then it is necessary to simplify the task, and so on until the child solves the problem. An independent and successful decision will be the step from which you should start moving forward.
The simplest ones are offered first. games.
1. "Find the same ones" (not like that).
Place any shape in front of your child and ask him to find all the shapes that are the same as this one by color.
2. “Find all the shapes like this one by color and shape”.
Place any figure in front of your child and ask him to find all the figures that are similar to this one in color and shape.
“Find shapes that are different from this one” by color and size.
“Find the same as this one” in color, but a different shape, or the same shape, but a different size, or the same size, but a different color.
Place any figure in front of the child and ask him to find figures that are the same in color, but not the same in shape, or the same in shape, but not the same in color.
3. "Chain"
Place a row of figures in front of the baby, alternating them according to blossom: red, blue, yellow, (can be varied in shape, size and thickness). Invite him to continue the series.
Children lay out the figures one after another so that each subsequent one differs from the previous one by just one sign: color, shape, size, thickness.
We lay out a chain so that nearby there are figures of the same size, but different in shape, etc.
We lay out a chain so that next to each other there are figures of the same color and size, but of different shapes (same size, But different color) .
We lay out the path according to the given conditions
(according to the scheme).
4. "Second row"
Offer to place 5-6 any figures in a row. Build a second row under it, but so that under each figure in the top row there is a figure of a different shape (color, size); same shape but different color (size); different in color and size; not the same in shape, size and color.
5. "Domino"
In the game of dominoes, the pieces are divided equally between the participants. Each player takes turns making their move. If there is no piece, the move is skipped. The one wins who will be the first to lay out all the figures. You can walk on differently: figures of a different color (shape, size).
6. "Separate the shapes"
For games will need toys: doll, matryoshka, tiger cub. Invite the children to divide the figures between the doll, the nesting doll and the tiger cub so that the doll has all blue figures, the matryoshka has all yellow figures, and the tiger cub has all red figures. Check that the children have distributed the toys correctly. Invite them to answer questions:
What figures did the doll have? (All blue).
What about the nesting doll? (All yellow).
What about the tiger cub? (All red).
Try dividing the shapes according to to another:
a) so that everything on the doll is round;
b) so that the nesting doll gets all the big ones;
c) so that the tiger cub gets all the yellow ones, etc.
7. Design
8. Modeling according to the scheme.
Usage « Blok Dienesh» in the future it will definitely give a positive result when mastering program material in a preschool educational institution, and will sufficiently prepare students for studying mathematics, geometry and computer science at school. Continuity kindergarten and the school will be of a good enough standard.
Valentina Rozputnyaya
Master class for teachers “Dyenesha Blocks”
Master Class
SUBJECT: “Work system for using Dienesha blocks for the development of logical and mathematical concepts in children preschool age»
Master teacher: Rozputnyaya Valentina Alexandrovna
Location:G. Kondopoga MDOU No. 20 "Spikelet" building 9
Target: increase the level of competence teachers by mastering the technology of using games with Dienesh blocks in the formation of thinking skills of preschool children.
Tasks:
1. Promote among teachers knowledge of use Dienesha blocks. Introduce basic application techniques Dienesha blocks.
2. Promote learning teachers technology for using games with Dienesh blocks in different age groups.
3. Develop constructive pedagogical abilities.
Equipment and materials: presentation, sets Dienesha blocks, story toys, methodological literature, hoops, exhibition of albums and games with Dienesh blocks.
Dear Colleagues! Today I invite you to get acquainted with the technology of using games with Dienesh blocks.
Using logic games blocks We can collectively form all the thinking skills that are important for mental development and prepare children’s thinking for mastering mathematics.
Because they contribute to the development of such mental operations as classification, grouping objects by properties, eliminating unnecessary things, analysis and synthesis, children learn to guess, prove their answers, remember material faster, are more confident in their abilities, adapt more easily to a new environment, and are better prepared for school.
The creator of logical blocks is Zoltan Dienes, world-famous Hungarian professor, mathematician, psychology specialist, creator of a progressive proprietary method of teaching children - "new mathematics".
Didactic set "Brain teaser blocks» consists of 48 volumetric figures. Each figure is characterized by four properties. Let's remember what (name these properties)- color, shape, size and thickness.
Right.
a) four forms (circle, triangle, square, rectangle); why is there no green?
b) three colors (red, blue, yellow);
c) two sizes (big small);
d) two types of thickness (thick, thin).
There is not a single identical figure in the set.
Also in logic games blocks cards with property symbols are used. Properties are conventionally indicated on the cards blocks(color, shape, size, thickness) (Show block of this color, this form is a presentation)
And cards with denial of properties, pay attention to the crossed out cards, For example: not red. The use of such cards allows children to develop the ability to model properties, the ability to encode and decode information about them.
In addition to volumetric blocks, in my work I use a set of flat figures.
Detailed application technology blocks you can meet, having studied such literature as.
Logic and mathematics for preschoolers. E. A. Nosova, R. L. Nepomnyashchaya. The book describes the possibilities of using Dienesha blocks and Cuisenaire sticks for children 2-6 years old. A description of a variety of games is provided.
let's play: math games for children 5-6 years old. Edited by A. A. Stolyar The book will help to form the first elementary skills in children 5-6 years old. mathematical representations and a certain logical structure of thinking. It includes 59 logical and mathematical games with numerous variants of conditions and descriptions of their implementation.
Games and exercises with logic blocks you can offer it to children in classes and during free hours, both in kindergarten and at home. If you supplement them with other educational games and game tasks, "satiate" new game tasks, actions, plots, roles, etc., then this will only help children overcome intellectual difficulties.
There are several groups of games with Dienesh blocks.
1 group of games. These are games for identifying and abstracting properties.
They develop the ability to identify from one to four properties in objects, abstract one from the other, and name them. With their help, children will get their first ideas about replacing properties signs-symbols, will master the ability to strictly follow the rules when performing actions, and will come closer to understanding that breaking the rules does not allow you to get the right result.
("Find the treasure", "Highway", "Unusual Figures" and etc)
2nd group of games. Classification, generalization, comparison.
They help develop children's skills to classify, generalize and compare objects according to one, two, three or four properties. First, kids master the ability to classify and generalize according to given properties, and then - according to independently identified ones ( “Where is whose garage?”, "The houses settled"). ("Track", "Find a Pair", "Catch a Three", "Domino").
3 group of games. Logical actions and operations.
These games and exercises are intended mainly for children of older preschool age. They will help children develop the ability to divide sets into classes according to compatible properties, and develop the ability to perform logical operations "Not", "And", "or", the ability to use these operations to construct correct statements, encode and decode information about the properties of objects. As a result, the child will be able to reason freely, justify the legality or error of his actions ( "Help the figures get out of the forest", "Build a house", "Divide blocks» ).
The presented games and exercises, with some exceptions, are given in three versions. Let's look at these options using the example of a game "Highway", another name for this game is "Build a path". In this game, children build a path, the rules of construction are written in the table. The arrow shows which figure goes after which, you can start with any figure. Games and exercises of the first option (I) develop in children the ability to operate with one property. Game highway 1
Using games and exercises of the second option (II) the ability to operate with two properties at once develops. Game highway 2
Games and exercises of the third option (III) form the ability to operate with three properties at once. Game highway 3
Showing game options using an example game "Highway".
Before you start working with children, you should establish what rung of the intellectual ladder each child is on. If a child easily and accurately copes with tasks at a certain level, this is a signal that he should be offered games and exercises of the next difficulty level. However, a child can be transferred to subsequent play exercises only if he has outgrown the previous ones, i.e. when they are not difficult for him. If you keep children at a certain level or give them more complex games and exercises prematurely, then interest in the activities will disappear. Children are drawn to mental tasks when they are difficult for them, but doable.
In our kindergarten we work with blocks has been conducted for 20 years in all age groups, a system of classes using Logical blocks.
Junior preschool age
Since logical blocks represent standards of shapes - geometric figures (circle, square, equilateral triangle, rectangle, they can be widely used starting from early age. Children get acquainted with blocks V various types activities. In the process of manipulating children install blocks what they have different shape, color and size.
In order to more effectively familiarize children with the properties of logical blocks you can offer them the following tasks:
find the same shapes as this one by color (by shape, by size);
find shapes different from this one by shape (by size, by color);
find the blue shapes (triangular, red, square, large)
tell me what color this figure is (by shape, by size). (play)
After such an independent acquaintance with blocks You can move on to games and exercises.
In the first younger group children operate with one property, at the beginning of the year it is color or size, and at the end of the year we add shape. We use games to group objects, identify and abstract properties.
In the second younger group, children begin to operate with two properties at the same time and divide sets into classes based on one property, using a logical operation "Not" (all round, all not round).
Middle and senior preschool age.
IN middle group children operate with two, and at the end of the year three, properties simultaneously. The set is divided according to two compatible properties.
In older preschool age, games become more emotional and intense, children show elements of creativity and operate with three or four properties using logical operations "Not", "And", "or".
And now I want to introduce you to one of the games called "Divide blocks» . And although this game is intended mainly for children of senior preschool age, with regular lessons with blocks, we can play it with the children of the second youngest group.
I would like to draw your attention to the fact that
I want to attract your attention,
Mathematics is an exact science, therefore, following the methodology for conducting logical-mathematical games, I am based on the stages of activity
Stages: 1-plot (commencement,
the second stage is the development of the plot, during which children become active participants:
Master, transform, change information about the properties, relationships, dependencies of objects, shapes, quantities, numbers;
Master the system of cognitive actions (ways of knowledge): examine objects, abstract, compare, group and classify;
They generalize, draw conclusions, predict the development of the situation, schematize, use signs and symbolic substitutions.
3- summing up
Analysis life situation, similar to that which took place during the logical-mathematical game;
Focusing children's attention on the most striking event of the logical-mathematical game (plot, actions);
Creating an imaginary situation based on a logical-mathematical game.
14 SLIDE Game "Divide blocks-1»
Target: develop the ability to split a set of one property into two subsets, perform a logical operation "Not".
For this game we need blocks and two toys(bunny and bear).
Let's imagine that you are children. I ask five people to come out.
Guys, the Bunny and the little bear had a fight; they just couldn’t divide the candy. Let's help them and divide the candies so that the bunny gets all the red ones.
What kind of candy does the bunny have? (all red) What about the bear? NOT…
Next time we can share blocks according to shape.
When will children learn to divide? blocks between toys, let's play this game with a hoop.
For example, blocks are flowers, and the hoop is a vase, we put some flowers in the vase, and lay others around.
Please note that we have two places: inside the hoop and behind the hoop.
Target: develop the ability to split a set into two compatible ones, perform a logical operation "Not", "And", "or".
And again we offer to help toys. Let's treat the bunny and the bear with pies. Little bear loves "round" pies, and the bunny - "yellow".
At this stage, it is convenient to use cards indicating the specified properties.
During the game, children find out that there are candies that suit both the bear and the bunny (we put them in a box between the toys, and there are also candies that do not suit anyone (put them in a bucket to the side).
During the game, the candies are constantly moved from one place to another until the children find the correct solution.
I suggest you play and share the candies. Again I invite five people.
After all the candies have been divided,
What kind of candy does the bear cub have? (round not yellow) At the bunny's? (yellow ones are not round) What are the common ones? (round and yellow) Which ones didn’t hit anyone? (not round and not yellow).
If children cannot answer these questions in the first games, do not try to answer them for them. They will do it themselves in the next games.
You can enter a rule: if someone notices a mistake, says "stop" and corrects it. This increases attention and develops mutual control.
First you need to find out how many places you got (four); you can invite the child to jump to any place and name it or place a toy (1st place - inside all hoops; 2nd place - inside red, but outside blue; 3rd place - inside blue, but outside red; 4th place is outside the hoops).
Then we put on the hoops and blocks images and offer game tasks (flowers - flower beds, fish - aquariums, feeder birds and etc.).
A game "Divide Blocks – 3»
Target: develop the ability to split a set into three compatible properties, perform a logical operation "Not", "And", "or", evidence of thinking.
Now we take three toys (wolf, hare, fox) and we will divide between them blocks for building houses.
To begin with, let's designate places for blocks: 1- suitable for all toys, 2- wolf and hare, 3- hare and fox, 4- fox and wolf, 5- not suitable for anyone.
Now let's divide blocks like this so that the wolf's are all round, the hare's are all big, and the fox's are all blue. To make it easier to remember the rule, we will place property cards next to the toys.
What figures were common to all toys? (round big blue ones) Which figures did only the wolf have? (round, not big, not blue) Only the hare? (large, not round, not blue) Only the fox (blue not big not round) What shapes are common to a wolf and a hare? (large round ones not blue) For the wolf and the fox? (round blue ones are not big) For the hare and fox? (big blue ones are not round) Which figures didn’t suit anyone? (small (not big) not round, not blue).
If a child, characterizing a group, names only two of the three properties, we draw his attention to other groups blocks, which have the specified properties; then we ask him to name the group again, but so that it cannot be confused with any other.
When repeating the exercise, the division rule children call blocks. Each time a different combination of properties is indicated - partition bases blocks.
For example, divide the figures so that the wolf has all thin ones, the hare - all triangular, the fox - all small, or the wolf - all large, the hare - all blue, the fox - all thick; the wolf's are all yellow, the fox's are all red, the hare's are all square, etc.
If as a result of unfolding blocks some places(boxes) turn out to be empty, we encourage children to find out and tell why this happened, while doing everything we can to stimulate demonstrative thinking. (Why did these or those figures end up here? Why is this or another place without figures? Why can’t these or those figures be put together with others)
Further exercises can be carried out as "games with three hoops".
First, we invite the children to put a toy or jump on any of the places in the hoops and name where it is located: 1st - inside all three hoops, 2nd - inside the yellow and red, but outside the blue hoop, 3rd - inside the red and blue, but outside the yellow hoop, 4th - inside the yellow and blue, but outside the red hoop, 5th - inside the yellow hoop, but outside the red and blue hoop, 6th - inside the red, but outside the yellow and blue hoop, 7th - inside the blue, but outside the yellow and red hoop, 8th - outside all hoops .
Then the children solve various game problems proposed adults: plant the front garden with flowers, lay out cakes on festive table, make a mosaic, etc. Partition rules they offer blocks themselves. For example, put the cakes on dishes so that all the red cakes are on the red dish, all the triangular ones are on the blue one, all the thick cakes are on the yellow one, or make a mosaic so that all the round pieces of glass are in the red window, all the big ones are in the blue window, in yellow - all yellow, etc.
As a result of using Games with Dienesh blocks preschoolers develop logical thinking: ability to analyze, draw conclusions, generalize, compare, classify and at the completion stage preschool education Children not only have basic understanding of mathematics, but also model computer science concepts.
Applying this remedy for several years, I would like to note that during games with Dienesh blocks Children develop a strong interest in mathematical games and mental activity in general. Children become more active, proactive and independent in the learning process.
Many years of experience allow us to talk about high achievements in preparing graduates of our kindergarten for school (diagram)
Reflection
Our meeting has come to an end. So that I can evaluate my work, I propose to provide feedback. Try to answer these questions.
How has your initial knowledge changed?
What was useful? What new have you learned? Will it be useful to you at work? Was this familiar to you? Does the initial knowledge correspond to the new ones? What impression did you get on master class? Will you use it at work? What remains unclear? What can really be applied?
- what it is? Another popular development game today? A simple construction set, for unknown reasons so popular among parents interested in early development?
A “magic” game for young mathematicians? Perhaps a little bit of everything.
Zoltan Dienes, inventor of logic blocks, is a Hungarian mathematician and teacher who developed the theory of “new mathematics” and believed that it is better to learn not at a desk, but by playing. Moreover, the “frivolous” form does not exclude serious content. Through play, children are able to comprehend very complex mathematical and logical concepts - even working with abstract systems and symbols.
Dienesh believed that the ability to work with symbols and understand their language is one of the last, most “difficult” stages in the development of mathematical thinking. Well, you can't argue with that! We can all see the difference between baby, problem solving with the help of practical tests and high school students operating with abstractions. (Yes and in ordinary life the ability to see relationships and cause-and-effect chains between objects, objects, events, the ability to think systematically is one of the keys to success. So the development of logical thinking in a child is useful not only for school, but also for the “big” life)
What are the famous logic blocks of Dienesh and why do our children need them? Logic blocks is an educational game designed for children from 2 to 10 years old.
Main goal and task- help children learn to perform logical operations (that is, get to know the basis, the core of mathematics!) - break objects down by property, encode information, generalize and find differences, compare, classify objects, etc.
Dienesh blocks help children become familiar with the characteristics of objects (shape, color, size, etc.), develop spatial imagination, Creative skills, imagination, design skills, modeling, speech, logical thinking and even independence and arbitrariness!
Of course, at each age stage there is a different level of “entry” into mathematics. And the beauty of the Hungarian mathematician’s blocks is precisely that with the help of them you can come up with games and activities for each age - in accordance with the information that the child is ready to learn.
In fact, logic blocks are a “growth game” that will be useful for many years to come.
The set consists of 48 different logical blocks:
- colors (red, yellow blue)
- shapes (round, square, triangular, rectangular)
- sizes (large and small)
- thickness (thick and thin)
There are no identical figures in the set; each has a unique combination of these four characteristics: color, shape, size and thickness.
When playing with Dienesh blocks, additional cards are often used - with property symbols: 11 cards with symbol properties (yellow) and 11 – with negation of properties (non-round)
Where to start?
What can and should be taught to two-year-olds, what will be interesting to children of 4 or 6 years of age?
Formally, goals can be divided into a sequential chain:
- first we teach children to identify properties
- then compare objects according to the properties found
- move on to classification, generalization
- mastering logical operations and symbol language.
Activities and games optionswith Dienesh Blocks .
How to play?
Theoretically, the simplest, the first options are suitable for the youngest, and the latter for older children. It’s almost not necessary to be tied to age. It is better to focus on what your child can and wants. It is important not to force him to solve “high” level problems immediately and play easier and simpler games again and again until you jointly achieve a given goal - for example, get acquainted with the properties of objects or learn to separate blocks according to a certain criterion. For children 2-4 years old, it is better to “play out” activities in a fairy tale form - let’s say, we don’t just sort the blocks by color, but collect “flowers” or “mushrooms” in different baskets. When playing the “chain” game described below, you can not only collect this sequence of blocks, but also build “bridges” for the mouse across the river.
Introduction to properties.
1. The block box has holes corresponding to the blocks. The smallest mathematicians will be happy to put the figures into “houses” according to their holes - that is, the game acts as an analogue of inserts.
2. “Without looking.” We put different blocks into a bag and ask, without looking, that is, by touch, to recognize and take out blocks of a certain shape.
3. “Sort by criteria.” We put all the blocks in a common pile and ask them to separate all the circles. Then - all blue objects, etc.
4. “Find the same one.” We show one block and offer to find one of the same thickness (color, shape, size). Then - “not the same.”
A more complex version of this game - we show blocks and offer to find “blocks just like this one” based on two properties (size - color, for example). That is, find blocks just like this one - all blue and square.
Another “step up” is the complication of search criteria. Please find all the blocks that are the same as this one, with two similar properties and one different. That is, for example, to find blocks of the same shape and color, but of a different size.
5. “Who is the odd one out.” We offer the child several blocks that you have pre-selected. One of them must be redundant, that is, differ in one property. Let's say three blue blocks and one yellow. We invite you to guess what is superfluous and be sure to ask why?
Comparison by properties
1. If you imagine that Dienesh blocks are treats for dolls, then you can invite the children to share the treat. Let's say bunnies eat only carrots (triangles or red blocks), and bears only eat honey (rectangular “barrels” or yellow blocks). We put the whole set in a common pile and ask the child to choose all the treats suitable for the bunny and the bear.
A more difficult version of the game is to take 4 toys - 2 pairs of similar, but different sizes. For example, let’s take two bunnies, a big and a small one, and two bears, a big and a small one. Respectively, big bear The baby must find all the appropriate treats, but in a larger size, for a small one - a smaller one. It's the same with bunnies.
After laying out the figures, you can ask the baby - which figures did the big bear get? Large yellow ones (or large rectangles). What about the little bunny?
2. “Who is faster?” You can select blocks with the desired characteristics at speed, competing with your parents - who can collect the most red blocks faster? Or who will collect the blocks of their color faster (you collect all the yellow ones, baby - all the blue ones)
A more difficult option: collect all the blocks of the same color, but with the exception of, for example, triangular ones. Or thin ones. That is, the child needs not only to identify blocks of one common characteristic, but also to exclude from them some of the “inappropriate” ones.
3. “Chains” - building chains, sequences of blocks (figures). We ask the child to lay out a chain of blocks according to certain signs: All shapes are the same color or size. Then - all the figures are the same color, but different sizes, etc.
A more complex option - please lay out a chain so that neighboring figures have one common feature. For example, a child places a yellow circle, the next figure can be either yellow, but not a circle, or a circle, but not yellow. Let's say a blue square. Accordingly, the next figure will be a blue circle or a yellow square, etc.
Another version of the game is to build a chain where each next block differs from the other in all 4 properties.
For those who like to solve puzzles, you can offer a chain where there is a beginning - one block - and an end - a completely different one. For example, you place a yellow thin rectangular block and a blue thick large round one. This is the beginning and the end. The kid builds a chain so that the new block differs from the previous one in one property. Accordingly, the penultimate block should differ from the last one (placed by you) by only one property.
4. “Non-property.” We take a block and ask the child to describe its properties using the particle “not”. For example, what is the blue triangular block? Not-red, not-square, not-thin. You can then ask to find all similar "non-blocks" - all "non-blue" or "non-triangular".
5. "Guessing game." For this game you need logic blocks and a bag. The leader (for example, you) takes one block and, so that the second player does not see, hides it in a bag. The second player (child) must guess what the figure is in the bag by asking questions to which you can only answer “yes” or “no.” Accordingly, questions should be such as: “Is this figure yellow?”, “Is it a rectangle?”
Classification, logical operations
We take out a random set of Dienesh blocks, including different shapes, colors, etc. and ask - what is more - squares or blue blocks? The baby’s task is to isolate all the squares and blue blocks, count them and compare them. Thus, the child learns to divide into classes and compare.
1. Game with areas. We draw on paper or lay out on the floor from a rope 2-3 (we can start with two) non-intersecting spaces (for example, a circle). We ask the child to put, say, red blocks inside the first one, and blue ones inside the second one. At the same time, we explain what is inside and outside if the child is not yet familiar with these concepts.
Next task. We work with only one circle. We free up space and ask to put all square blocks inside one, and all triangular ones, for example, outside it.
Following. We draw (lay out) two intersecting circles. We take three types of logical blocks - for example, of different colors. We ask you to place all the blue blocks in the left circle. All blocks of square color are on the right. And all the blue square ones are in two circles at the same time (that is, in the area where two circles intersect). The task can be supplemented - all non-blue and non-square blocks (which we do not name) are located outside both circles. This task - training to partition sets into classes - is not so simple, by the way!
If it is difficult for a child to cope with this task on his own at first, you can start “from the other end” - you arrange the blocks into areas yourself, and ask the child to name which blocks with what properties lie inside the first circle, the second, inside two circles at the same time, outside them. When the child understands what is being said, you can try to return to previous tasks.
2. "Drawing". For this game, cards with the designation of properties and “non-properties” are desirable. First we draw a drawing, for example, of a house or a castle, where each element is indicated by a property (card). For example, the base is two non-yellow rectangular blocks, on which stand non-round, non-blue blocks, then yellow non-triangular, non-thin blocks, topped off by a non-square red roof. Your child must build the castle according to your written drawing (or verbal instructions). You can arrange a competition - you simultaneously draw drawings for each other and build castles for speed - the correctness of execution is also taken into account in the assessment.
Dienesh's logic blocks, as you can see, suggest countless games that you can come up with yourself. Construction, modeling, counting, development of memory and speech, imagination, the ability to perform logical operations - all this allows you to develop wonderful “cubes and triangles”. And, if at some point this is not enough for you, take a closer look at additional materials, which are designed specifically for working with blocks and are aimed at developing individual skills for children themselves of different ages. Good luck!
Excerpts from one of the parent forums:
“Does anyone have these blocks? Do children like it or do they use it for the most - building houses? I'm wondering whether to order such a box or not? Will they just scatter it all over the apartment again?”...
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“In my opinion, it’s not necessary. These blocks are good to use in classes in kindergartens, otherwise there is little interesting in them, geometric figures and that’s all.”
Well what can I say? You can scatter anything...
What are logical blocks? And why are they needed?
In many countries around the world, the didactic material “Logic Blocks”, developed by the Hungarian psychologist and mathematician Gyenes, is successfully used to develop logical thinking in children.
Over the past decade, this material has been gaining increasing recognition among teachers and parents in our country. You can purchase LBD at an educational games store.
Dienesh's logic blocks are a set of 48 geometric shapes:
a) four shapes (circle, triangle, square, rectangle);
b) four colors (red, blue, yellow);
c) two sizes (large, small);
d) two types of thickness (thick, thin).
Each geometric figure is characterized by four characteristics: shape, color, size, thickness. There is not a single identical figure in the set.
Many logic games use cards with property symbols. Introducing a child to the symbols of properties is an important step in mastering the entire sign culture, literacy mathematical symbols, programming, etc. The cards conventionally indicate the properties of the blocks (color, shape, size, thickness). There are 11 cards in total. And 11 cards with the negation of properties, for example: Not red.
Unfortunately, there are no such cards in the store set, but they can be downloaded.
Dienesh Blocks is a universal educational game. Kids love playing with blocks! As the experience of Russian teachers in working from 2 to 10 years shows, games with logic blocks allow you to:
* Introduce the shape, color, size, thickness of objects.
* Develop spatial understanding.
* Develop logical thinking, the idea of a set, operations on sets (comparison, partitioning, classification, abstraction, encoding and decoding of information).
* Master the basic skills of an algorithmic culture of thinking.
* Develop the ability to identify properties in objects, name them, generalize objects by their properties, explain the similarities and differences of objects, justify their reasoning.
* Develop cognitive processes, mental operations.
* Foster independence, initiative, and perseverance in achieving goals.
* Develop creativity, imagination, fantasy, modeling and design abilities.
* Develop speech.
* Successfully master the basics of mathematics and computer science.
How to play with LBD?
There is a small manual in the box with the blocks, which is very schematic. You can get acquainted with logic blocks in detail using the books: “Let's Play” (edited by A.A. Stolyar. - M., 1991, 1996), as well as “Logic and Mathematics for Preschoolers” (edited by Z.A. Mikhailova - St. Petersburg, 1996, 2000).
I will share my own experience of working with children as a methodologist - practice manager and home teacher.
All games and game exercises can be divided into 4 groups with gradual complication:
To develop the skills to identify and abstract properties;
To develop the ability to compare objects according to their properties;
To develop the actions of classification and generalization;
To develop the ability for logical actions and operations.
All games and exercises, with the exception of the fourth group (logical), are not addressed to a specific age. After all, children of the same calendar age can have different psychological ages. Some of them reach the next stage in intellectual development a little, and some much earlier than other peers, but everyone must go through all these steps. If the child cannot cope with the task on his own, then it is necessary to simplify the task, and so on until the child solves the problem. An independent and successful decision will be the step from which you should start moving forward.
If you keep children at a certain level or give them more complex games and exercises prematurely, then interest in activities will disappear. Children are drawn to mental tasks when they are difficult for them, but doable.
It is good for an adult to become an equal partner during games. He didn’t edify, he played! Before starting games and exercises, let the child independently use them at his own discretion in games. As a rule, children are happy to build something out of them. During such games with blocks, the baby will establish that they have different shapes, colors, sizes and thicknesses. When communicating with a child, it is better to use the word “figure” than the word “block”.
Our favorite games:
"CODE LOCK" or "THIRD ONE"
3 figures are laid out on a cardboard. Two can be combined based on some property, one is redundant.
Behind the castle there can be anything: a surprise, an entrance to a room, a path for a walk...
The child must open the lock: guess which button to press and explain why.
For example: There is an extra red figure. Because these are both yellow. Click on the red figure!
“FIND THE TREASURE” or “WHERE THE PUPPY HID”
There are 8 blocks in front of the child, a coin or a picture of a puppy is hidden.
1 option
The treasure hunter turns away, and the leader hides the treasure under one of the blocks. The treasure hunter looks for it, naming various properties of the blocks. If the kid finds a treasure, he takes it for himself, and hides a new treasure under one of the blocks. The presenter first plays the role of a treasure hunter and shows how to search for treasure. Names the various properties of blocks. For example, the presenter asks:
Treasure under the blue block?
No,” the child answers.
Under yellow?
Under red?
Under the big one?
Under round?
The one who finds the most treasures wins. As the game repeats, the blocks change and their number increases.
Option 2
The presenter says: the puppy hid under a large red circle. You can use cards - symbols to write a letter:
“SELECT BY COLOR”
Children two to four years old are well taught classification. (Color, shape, size, thickness).
During this lesson, the children collected colorful leaves for the hedgehog and put them in boxes according to color.
"CITY OF GEOMETRIC FIGURES"
The kids have arrived to visit Mickey Mouse! Look what a city of figures this is!
There is an area of large and an area of small houses. Each district has streets of different colors. The houses have different shapes.
Seryozha is looking for a rectangular house in the area of small houses, on the red street.
And Katyusha went to visit the mole. And he says to all the children: “Mole lives in a square house on a blue street in an area of small houses!” Four-year-olds walk around this city with interest and, in passing, identify three properties of figures at once. What is difficult for some first-graders in the School 2100 program!
“Highway (BUILD A TRACK)”
There is a sign in front of the child - the rule for building the path.
He builds a path according to the rule: he alternates blocks based on color or shape: first red, then square, then yellow, and triangular. The baby learns to highlight a property and abstract from other signs.
To maintain children's interest, it is good to offer various playful and practical tasks: we built a path to a box with a surprise, crossed a bridge over a river, laid out a path of ice floes in the Snow Queen's palace to help Kai and Gerda escape.
And during this lesson the guys ended up in a swamp. Build a strong bridge. The blocks must be similar to each other in two ways. For example: the figures are both blue and thick.
There are games and exercises with blocks that are designed for older preschoolers. They will help children develop the ability to divide sets into classes according to compatible properties, develop the ability to perform logical operations “not”, “and”, “or”, the ability to use these operations to construct correct statements, encode and decode information about the properties of objects.
"RIDDLES WITHOUT WORDS"
We will help the child learn to decipher (decode) information about the presence or absence of certain properties of objects based on their symbolic designations.
During this travel lesson, the children came to a magician's house. You must first disenchant him, and then knock.
For example: the first figure should be triangular, yellow, small and thick.
But the second one is round, red, not fat and not small. So we will be looking for a red, large, thin circle.
It's great when ingenuity helps! Now you can watch magic tricks!
IN senior group we organized a competition game program"Tic Tac Toe." One of the tasks for the teams was “Building a castle.”
The teams analyzed the castle drawing and selected the necessary bricks. The team whose castle was built quickly and correctly won!
"DIVIDE THE BLOCKS"
The game will teach you how to split a set into two or three compatible properties, and how to perform logical operations “not”, “and”, “or”.
There's a commotion in the forest! The fox, the wolf and the bear just can’t divide the gifts from Santa Claus! Santa Claus told the fox to take all the small gifts, the bear to take all the thick ones, and the wolf to take all the round ones.
But the problem is, there are gifts that are both round and small at the same time. Both the fox and the wolf must take them! And there are gifts that are round, and small, and fat! All animals can play with them together.
Three intersecting hoops (ribbons, strings) helped us figure it out - find out where whose gifts are, who can use what as joint property!
There are many interesting games! Children always enjoy solving logic riddles. There are also favorite games that you want to play again and again.
And you will notice how the baby becomes smarter and smarter. How it will surprise you with the speed and flexibility of thinking! Good luck!
In the photo - children and teachers of preschool educational institution No. 15 in Tyumen. Drawings by the author.
Most early development methods give children only general ideas about mathematics that are limited to skill oral counting and solving simple problems and examples. As a result, the child gets the impression that mathematics is a boring activity, far from creativity and the opportunity to show imagination. However, your child will probably look at mathematics “with different eyes” if you turn to Zoltan Dienes’ method for help.
Majority early development techniques gives children only a general understanding of mathematics, which is limited to the skill of mental calculation and solving simple problems and examples. As a result, the child gets the impression that mathematics is a boring activity, far from creativity and the opportunity to show imagination. However, your child will probably look at mathematics with “different eyes” if you turn to the Zoltan Dienes method for help, which, unfortunately, is not as popular in our country as the Montessori method or the Waldorf system.
Let us immediately note that Dienesh’s technique helps children not only master various mathematical concepts in an easy and interesting way. game form, but also to develop important psychological processes necessary for full and comprehensive development. Therefore, this technique can also be used as independent program learning and how additional element classes.
A few words about Zoltan Gyenes
Zoltan Pál Dienes has been interested in mathematics since childhood, so there is nothing strange in the fact that he decided to devote his entire life to the “queen of the exact sciences,” as well as its popularization not only in his native Hungary, but throughout the world. Already at the age of 23, Zoltan received a doctorate in mathematics, but did not rest on this and continued his education. In order to understand the mental processes involved in solving mathematical problems, he received an additional degree in psychology.
For most of his professional career, Dienes studied psycho-mathematics (for more than 10 years he headed the Center for the Study of Psycho-Mathematics at the University of Sherbrooke). Based on his own practical experience and the results of numerous studies, he developed a unique author’s mathematics program, accessible to children of all age groups.
Zoltán Dieneš’s methodology is based on various logic games, fascinating math problems and developing teaching aids, aimed at stimulating children's interest in mathematics, as well as the development of combinatorics, logical thinking, analytical abilities, speech, memory and attention.
Features of the Dienesh system
Zoltan Dienes's method includes six interconnected stages of studying mathematics, which take into account psychological aspects solving mathematical problems.
First stage– a free game in which children try to solve an unfamiliar problem by trial and error, trying various options decisions.
Second stage– studying the rules of the game, with the help of which the necessary mathematical information is “conveyed” to children.
Third stage– a comparison that allows you to diversify games with a similar rule structure various materials, and thereby come to the understanding that changing the material does not change the essence of the game.
Fourth stage– familiarization with the content of numbers, thanks to which the child begins to understand the essence of the game and the common component of all mathematical games.
Fifth stage– symbolic, which includes the description of game cards using symbols, for which the child can come up with his own symbolic systems.
Sixth stage– formalization, consists of considering several options for describing game cards, as a result of which the child understands that the initial description can be an axiom, and his own conclusions can be a theorem.
We emphasize that Dienesh’s method completely excludes solving mathematical problems in notebooks or studying mathematical rules in boring textbooks. All activities are funny Games, songs and dances, during which children easily and quickly acquire mathematical knowledge and skills, and also get their first ideas about such complex mathematical concepts as algorithms, logical operation and information coding. At the same time, children, most often, do not even realize how complex concepts they are mastering in the course of exciting activities on program of "new mathematics" by Zoltan Dienes.
How are classes conducted according to the Dienesh system?
Classes using the Dienesh method include:
- games with the so-called Dienesh blocks, among which there are tasks for children of various age categories. For example, for children younger age(about 3 years old) the game “this way - not that way” is ideal (figures are laid out in front of the child different forms, colors and sizes, among which he needs to find “like or not like” figures, in accordance with the adult example shown). For older children, you can choose a game of translator, during which you need not only to find this or not such a figure, but also to explain how one figure differs from another.
- games with hoops - allow you to master and consolidate spatial orientation skills. To do this, parents place two (or more) hoops of different colors on the floor so that they intersect (like the Olympic rings). The child needs to place a figurine of a given format inside the blue... outside the red... outside the blue and red hoop. The more hoops, the more task options there can be.
- the fabulous country of Ruritania - the mischievous twins Alice and Bruce live there, with whom children have the opportunity to take part in fascinating stories and plunge into the world of geometry and algebra.
During the lessons, children learn in a light playful way geometric shapes and parameters of objects, acquire skills of comparison and analysis of diverse information, create mathematical models, logical chains and series, and also learn to make the necessary decisions.
Disadvantages of the Dienes system
Strange as it may seem, specialists have no shortcomings in Dienes system not found. However, studying the reviews of parents who are already engaged in this system made it possible to identify such shortcomings as:
- Limited color variety in Dienes blocks;
- For older guys who decide more complex tasks, one set of Dienesh blocks is sometimes not enough;
- The concept of “thickness” is incorrect, as a result of which it is sometimes difficult to explain to a child, for example, why a square is always flat;
- In Russia it is quite difficult to find albums for classes using the Dienesh system.