In this article: how infrared heaters are designed and work; types of IR heaters; infrared lamps and film panels; review of three models of ceiling heaters and choice among them the best device; Criterias of choice infrared heaters; Briefly about the operation of IR heaters.
Of course, the most the best heater for planet Earth there was, is and remains the Sun. However, its rays warm the planet unevenly - if in the summer-spring season the intensity sun rays in the northern hemisphere is high, then in the autumn-winter the southern hemisphere is closer to our star. However, there is one way to return the heat of the Sun to the house - an infrared electric heater that emits heat with virtually no light. Surprisingly, only this device is able to warm us not only inside the house, but also outside it - in the yard, regardless of the amount of snow and wind intensity. Let's explore the design and operating principle of IR heaters, compare the characteristics of several models to choose the most suitable among them - the solution to the problem at home is in our hands.
Design and principle of operation of infrared electric heaters
If convector heaters heat the air, then infrared heaters heat objects and walls. The radiation from IR heaters acts in the same way as solar energy- it passes through the air without heating it, and is absorbed by light-proof objects, i.e. no drafts interfere with infrared rays. Long-wave radiation from household infrared heaters corresponds to IR waves generated by the Sun - they are invisible to the eyes and are perceived by our skin as heat flows.
As a result of convection warm air tends upward, gathering in the room near the ceiling; accordingly, it will have to be heated long enough for the temperature at floor level to become comfortable for household members. And if convector heaters take time to heat the air to the extent that people can feel it, then the warmth of infrared rays is felt immediately as soon as the IR heater is turned on.
Despite the slightly scary name, the infrared heater is designed simply - the body is made of steel, painted powder paint, inside of which there is an aluminum reflector (reflector), on top of which a heating element is installed. The “heart” of an IR heater - the heating element - can be ceramic, tubular (heating element) or carbon.
A ceramic heating element consists of a resistive conductor embedded in a ceramic plate. Nichrome with a maximum heating temperature of up to 1000°C and fechral (an alloy of iron, chromium and aluminum - FeCrAl), heating up to 800°C are used as a conductor with ohmic resistance. The ceramic plate is composed of silicon carbide, lanthanum chromite or molybdenum disilicide, non-conductive electricity and does not interfere with IR radiation. On average, the service life of ceramic heating elements is about 4 years.
A low-temperature tubular heating element (heating temperature no higher than 300°C) in its “natural” form is not used in IR heaters - it is built into an anodized aluminum profile. The result is a wide and long plate (several such plates are usually installed in one heater), emitting infrared rays over its entire surface during operation. The service life of heating elements is about 7 years.
Little is known about the carbon heating element, developed just a few years ago - so let’s look at its features in more detail. So, this heating element is a sealed quartz tube from which air has been evacuated, with a spiral-shaped carbon filament placed inside. It would be appropriate to note here that the widespread phrase “hydrocarbon fiber”, often used to describe the design of IR heaters with a carbon heating element, is absolutely incorrect - there is no “hydrocarbon fiber” whatsoever.
A distinctive feature of carbon filament is its high strength (2.5 GPa) and heat resistance (3000°C), the latter value being twice as high as that of steel. Compared to nichrome (thermal conductivity 13.3 W/(m.K)), used in the heating elements described above, the carbon element has several times higher thermal conductivity (70 W/(m.K)), i.e. its operation requires less electricity. However, contact of a carbon fiber heated to a temperature above 350°C with oxygen in the air causes its oxidation, and therefore in a carbon heating element it is placed in a vacuum tube. Due to their characteristics and subject to high-quality execution, carbon heating elements have an unlimited service life.
Depending on the maximum operating temperature heating element and depending on the length of the emitted infrared waves, infrared heaters are divided into:
- low-temperature and long-wave, with heating from 100 to 600°C and wavelength from 5.6 to 100 microns. Designed for residential, office and technical premises with a ceiling height of no more than 3 meters. As a rule, heating elements with a heating temperature of up to 120°C are quite sufficient to heat rooms in the house;
- medium-temperature and medium-wave, heating in the range from 600 to 1000 ° C, wavelength - from 2.5 to 5.6 microns. Used in rooms with ceilings from 3 to 6 meters, for example, high-ceiling rooms in private houses, various public buildings;
- high-temperature and short-wave, with a heating temperature of more than 1000°C and a wavelength from 0.74 to 2.5 microns. Designed for rooms with ceiling heights from 6 to 8 meters, i.e. for heating factory floors, also used for outdoor heating.
Household IR heaters can be stationary and mobile - models of the first type are designed for permanent installation on the floor (including baseboard installation option), walls, ceilings, models of the second type can be repeatedly moved around rooms, they are smaller in size and power . Suspended and ceiling infrared heaters are installed on the ceiling - the first ones are built into suspended ceiling, the latter are suspended at a distance of 50 mm from the ceiling surface using special fasteners. Wall-mounted units are installed at a certain distance from the floor (its value depends on the presence of small children in the house; the younger they are, the higher the heater is installed), baseboard models are most conveniently placed under window openings, so they can reliably block the flow of cold air into the room from streets.
Like convection heaters, IR heaters are equipped with a thermostat, an automatic overheat switch and, in the case of floor-standing models, a tip-over switch.
Lamp and film infrared heaters
In addition to the described types of heating elements, halogen lamps are used as emitters of infrared rays, the glass bulb of which contains tungsten filament in an inert gas environment, usually a mixture of nitrogen and argon. IR lamps are used as an independent emitter of infrared waves, being installed in an E27 ceramic lamp socket. The filament temperature of infrared lamps is from 2200 to 2500°C, the infrared wavelength is from 0.76 to 1.5 microns, i.e. they belong to high-temperature and short-wave IR emitters. IR lamps are available with powers ranging from 150 to 250 W.
Two types of infrared lamps are produced - IKZ and IKZK. IKZ (infrared mirror) lamps are similar in appearance to conventional halogen lamps, often used to illuminate office and residential premises in spot lamps. The difference is that the light radiation they generate is more in the infrared than in the visible part of the spectrum.
IKZK (infrared mirror red) lamps emit more infrared rays than their IKZ counterpart - their bulb is made of dark red glass, due to which these lamps glow very weakly, but emit infrared rays quite intensely.
IR lamps are widely used in poultry and livestock farming, and at woodworking enterprises - their price is low (on average, IKZ lamps are 50 rubles, IKZK lamps are 90 rubles), but they will not last long, no more than a year. Such lamps can be used in office and residential premises, for example, by installing several pieces in long corridors or at the entrances to the building, as protection of steps from icing in the cold season. In rooms with normal ceiling heights (up to 3 m), you should use IR lamps with a matte coating on the glass bulb that scatters infrared rays - the short-wave radiation generated by the lamps infrared radiation It’s quite tough and people can’t stay under it all the time.
Film IR heaters are interesting because they do not have a housing - carbon paste is applied to a polymer film with a layer of 1 micron, on top of which thin carbon threads are glued, contacts made of copper foil are connected to them, on both sides the film with heating elements is laminated with special polyester, with high fire protection and electrical insulation characteristics. average temperature heating of the film infrared heater - 45°C (minimum - 30°C, maximum - 110°C), during operation it emits long-wave infrared rays (from 5 to 20 microns). Film thickness - 0.4 mm, heater power - 500 W.
Film infrared heaters are designed for installation in residential and office rooms as a “warm floor” - for finishing flooring, such as parquet, laminate, carpet, linoleum. Installation under a ceramic or stone coating is allowed, however, only specialists can perform this work. The cost of IR film for installing a heated floor is about 1100 rubles. per m 2.
In addition to the film coating for laying under finishing floors, decorative film heaters are produced with various images on front side, intended for installation on walls. Their area, as a rule, is small - about 0.6 m 2, the average price is 850 rubles. for one device.
The IR film heater kit includes an adjustable thermostat and power cord. The service life of such heaters is over 20 years, provided they are of high quality and periodic use (during long-term storage, the film coating may be damaged).
Comparative review of three models of cabinet IR heaters
Let's study the characteristics of three popular models of ceiling infrared heaters of the Ecoline, Rio and Ballu brands with a power of 1000 W.
| characteristics | IKO-10 | RIO-10 | Ballu BIH-1.0 |
| power supply and energy consumption | |||
| voltage, V | 220-230 | 220-230 | 220-230 |
| frequency Hz | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| current consumption, A | 4,6 | 4,6 | 4,5 |
| maximum power, W | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| control | |||
| room thermostat | no (additional option) | no (additional option) | no (additional option) |
| General characteristics | |||
| type of shell | horizontal monoblock | horizontal monoblock | horizontal monoblock |
| body material | metal | metal | metal |
| primary colors | white | white | white |
| heating element type | low temperature heating element | low temperature heating element | low temperature heating element |
| type of instalation | ceiling | ceiling | ceiling |
| moisture protection | not determined | not determined | IP 20 |
| electrical protection class | indefined | indefined | I |
| installation kit | There is | There is | There is |
| for heating premises with area, m2 | 20 - in the off-season 10 - in winter | 20 - in the off-season 10 - in winter | 20 - in the off-season 12 - in winter |
| suspension height, m | more than 2.5 | more than 2.5 | more than 1.8 |
| size WxHxD, cm | 16x4x100 | 14x7x110 | 15x45x163 |
| Weight, kg | 4,7 | 4,1 | 5,2 |
| brand owner | Ecoline LLC, Russia | Rioland LLC, Russia | Ballu Industrial Group, China |
| country of origin | Russia | Russia | Russia |
| warranty, years | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| estimated service life, years | 7 | 7 | 8 |
| average cost, rub. | |||
| 3200 | 3600 | 2900 | |
IKO-10
Let's analyze the tabular information in order to determine the most profitable purchase among the three models considered:
- The Ecoline and Rio models differ from each other in their shape lines - the first is designed in strictly straight lines, the second has oval shape. The layout of the Ballu model is something between them - the main lines of its body are straight, end sides given a semi-oval shape;
- majority technical characteristics all three models considered are almost identical, all of them are equipped with a low-temperature tubular heating element placed in an aluminum housing, all three do not include a thermostat, which will have to be purchased separately (its average cost is 950 rubles);
- It should be noted that technical passports for products of the Ecoline and Rio brands contain very little, in my opinion, technical information, in contrast to the information contained in the data sheet of the “Ballu” heater model in question;
- the length of the IR heater “Ballu BIH-1.0” exceeds the length of the other two models by one third, which allows you to increase the heating zone;
- The warranty period declared by the manufacturers of the described models of IR heaters cannot in this case serve as a compelling reason for choice, because The service life of a tubular heating element - the main element of an IR heater - is determined precisely at 7-8 years. Accordingly, each manufacturer can safely name any warranty period, the main thing is that it is less than the average service life of the heating element;
- the average price for an IR heater of the “Ballu” brand is lower than for the other two models reviewed.
RIO-10
Conclusion: Considering the more complete presentation of technical information in the data sheet, the longer length of the body and heating element, as well as the lower cost with equal characteristics with the other two models reviewed, the model of the infrared heater “Ballu BIH-1.0” is recognized according to the review results as the best purchase compared to the two other models.
Ballu BIH-1.0
How to choose an infrared heater
Among baseboard, floor, wall and ceiling models of IR heaters, ceiling-mounted devices are most suitable for heating a home, since their radiation operates over a larger range. To cover " dead zones", where the rays generated by the ceiling heater do not penetrate, you should use wall-mounted and floor-standing devices or IKZ lamps with a matte coating on the bulb. The main criteria for choosing ceiling infrared heaters are given in.
Based on the heating area, IR ceiling heater models can be divided into several types, depending on their power:
- devices with a power of 400 W are intended for heating rooms with an area of no more than 4 m2 - hallway, bathrooms (provided the heater is waterproof at least IP 24), storerooms, bathrooms, etc.;
- IR heaters with a power of 500 W are usually available in cassette form and are designed for installation in an Armstrong-type suspended ceiling, i.e. used for zoned heating in offices and homes;
- 600 W models are designed to heat areas of no more than 12 m2 in the off-season and 6 m2 in the winter season;
- a power of 1000 W allows the IR heater to warm 15-20 m2 in autumn and spring, and about 10 m2 in winter;
- heaters with a power of 1300 W must be installed no lower than at a height of 2.7 m from the floor level, because the radiation they generate is quite strong and, at a lower installation height, can cause heat stroke in a person located under them. In the off-season, such heaters will warm 26 m2, in cold weather - 13-14 m2.
Industrial IR heaters, the power of which ranges from 2000 W to 4000 W, are used in residential buildings You can’t - they are designed for significant ceiling heights.
Floor-standing models of infrared heaters are less efficient than ceiling ones, because... there are more light-proof obstacles in the path of the radiation they generate. When choosing floor model You should pay attention to the type of electric heater - a heating element and a carbon element are most suitable, a ceramic element is least suitable (due to its shorter service life) and a halogen element is absolutely not suitable, because generates short waves, and in household IR heaters only long-wave radiation is permissible.
It should be noted that the cost of floor-standing and wall-mounted devices may be the same, and if equipped with a carbon element, it may exceed the cost of more powerful ceiling IR heaters - devices with a heating element with a power of 700 W cost about 3,000 rubles, with a carbon element with a power of 900 W - about 3,800 rubles . However, most floor and wall models equipped with a thermostat, overheating and tilt sensors, while for ceiling models these are additional options.
Operating an infrared heater
Ceiling models are the least demanding - you only need to periodically remove dust from their external surfaces.
Floor-standing and wall-mounted appliances must not be covered with anything during their operation; the minimum distance from the front panel of the appliance to any object, including the power outlet, must be at least a meter. It is advisable to connect the device to a grounded outlet. Before using the device in areas with high humidity air, make sure that its moisture protection class is equal to or exceeds IP24 (the moisture protection class is indicated in the technical data sheet of the heater).
Rustam Abdyuzhanov, rmnt.ru
Infrared rays are gaining increasing popularity as a heat source.
A large number of offices, residential buildings and outbuildings equipped with such heaters.
Not everyone knows that there is an inexpensive alternative to IR heaters - an infrared lamp for heating small spaces. Let's consider this option in more detail.
If an IR heater is a full-fledged independent unit, then infrared lamps for heating are a low-power emitter, similar in appearance to a light bulb, which is screwed into a standard E27 ceramic socket.
The radiation source is a halogen lamp with a tungsten filament, which is located in a flask with an argon-nitrogen mixture.
There are models of lamps that seem to be built into the lamp, thanks to mirror surface whose rays are directed in the right direction.
Technical characteristics of infrared lamps for indoor use:
- Voltage – 220 V.
- Power – from 50 to 500 W.
- Max. temperature – 600 0 C.
- IR waves in the range of 3.5-5 microns.
- Service life - more than 6 thousand. hours.
- Price – from 250 rub./piece.
Some models are made of materials that are strong enough to withstand moisture, temperature changes and chemicals.
Principle of operation
The radiation of IR lamps is like that of the sun, only without ultraviolet radiation. Heat directly affects objects, living organisms and plants that are nearby.
Lamps come in red and white light. Reds give more heat, but are not suitable for lighting. They are often used by livestock and poultry farmers.
Use only a ceramic socket for the infrared lamp. Plastic can melt from high temperatures.
Varieties
The average statistical indicator for calculating power is 1 kW per 10 m 2. This indicator must be adjusted for insufficient thermal insulation (cold floor, drafty windows, etc.). If t environment about +10 0 C, for 10 m 2 600 W will be enough.
Red mirror infrared lamp
Lamps are:
- Mirrored (similar to regular ones). Example: IKZ-500 W
- Red mirror. Example: IKZK-125 W.
- Blue mirror. IKZS-125 W.
- In the form of a tube with a diameter of 10mm. Length 30 cm. Example: NIK-1000 W.
Do not touch a working lamp - you will get severe burns! The surface on which the lamp is mounted must withstand 80 degrees. Lamps should not be placed too close to surfaces to prevent them from overheating.
Benefits of use
They can be used in small spaces - balconies, kiosks, winter gardens, bathrooms, chicken coops, etc. A small lamp power will not be an excessive burden on the budget.
Wherein:
- IR lamps have high efficiency, because heat reaches objects with virtually no loss.
- Warming up occurs quite quickly.
- There is a possibility of local heating.
- The heater does not get in the way, does not take up much space during storage, and does not spoil the interior.
- The weight of the “heater” is only 160 grams!
- Oxygen is not burned.
- No noise.
- Dust does not rise because there are no vortex flows.
- Installing a heater is as simple as screwing it into the socket - no more difficult than changing a light bulb!
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Red lamps for heating birds and animals
Infrared lamps can be used to heat young animals in pigsties, goat sheds, etc. Veterinarians recommend warm infrared light, especially in the first hours of life for cubs. Another positive effect on animals is that infrared radiation dries out the bedding.
In a pigsty, for piglets, IKZK-250:
- From birth to 7 days, hang half a meter from the floor.
- At weeks 2 and 3 – 75 cm from the floor.
- Older - at a distance of 1 m from the floor. The heating zone in this case = 1m2.
Chickens under an infrared lamp
Red lamps for heating chickens are very popular. Here are some tips on how to organize heating of a cage with a brood using an IR lamp:
- The temperature should be 32 - 23 degrees, depending on what day of the cycle. To regulate the temperature, you need a thermometer and at least a simple thermostat (a Chinese one can be bought for 150 rubles).
- There is still debate among scientists, but it is believed that the red color has a good effect on young animals - they grow faster, the level of stress and aggression decreases. After 20 days of age, it is recommended to replace red ones with white ones.
- It is better to leave the wiring on the outer walls of the cage, and place only the lamp and feeders inside.
- It is not recommended to turn lamps on and off frequently.
- When a batch of chickens grows up, you need to produce “tech. maintenance": after cooling, wipe with a damp piece of cloth to remove dirt and dust. If this is not done, the device may burn out.
Inexpensive models made of fragile glass can be dangerous for chickens, because... their bulbs are pricked due to the ingress of water and blows from their beaks. It is necessary to cover such lamps with a mesh, raise them higher, or install more expensive and durable lamps.
For greenhouses
For a small greenhouse, you can use IR lamps.
They are usually placed at a distance of 1.5 meters from each other.
It is better to make the suspension for lamps adjustable, because the distance to the soil, and later to the plants, should be constant and it is advisable to raise the lamp as the seedlings grow.
This kind of heating is easy to install and regulate, because the design is lightweight, and the light bulbs are simply screwed into the socket.
So. Infrared lamps are an excellent substitute for expensive and complex equipment. They are used for drying varnishes, paints, leather, porcelain, wood, herbs, fish, mushrooms, grains, fruits and vegetables.
For heating food, in incubators, greenhouses, auto repair shops (BMW and Audi factories use IR light to dry newly painted cars), etc. IR lamps are used for medical purposes. And you can be sure that a savvy owner will find many more uses for such a universal thing as an infrared lamp!
A warm floor can become the main or additional source of heating. In addition, it can be installed only in one room, and not in the entire apartment.
The infrared heating lamp is particularly valuable on farms and in subsidiary farms. In order to ensure maximum growth and development for pets, it is necessary optimal conditions, contributing to this. This is most important during the period of maturation of young animals.
One of these conditions is the correct temperature regime. After all, the premises where animals are kept are not always equipped with heaters. This is precisely the question that is solved.
1 What are infrared heating lamps?
An infrared heating lamp is used in the same way as standard light bulbs. It screws into a regular E27 type socket. The lamp consists of a glass bulb, which is filled with a gaseous mixture of argon and nitrogen.. Inside this composition there is a tungsten filament, which ignites the mixture and thereby distributes mid-wave IR rays.
Most lamp models are a regular light bulb with glass painted on the inside. special dye. Some models are also complemented by mirrors that direct the rays. They are made in the form of a lamp.
An IR lamp that heats a room has high performance characteristics:
- device power in the range from 50 to 500 W;
- service life is about 5-6 thousand hours without replacement;
- temperature during operation can reach 600 degrees;
- the red heating lamp operates at a voltage of 220 volts;
- The range of infrared radiation in which the device operates is from 3.5 to 5 microns.
Despite the high functionality and solid performance characteristics, such a device in Russia costs on average only 250 rubles.
Infrared lamps are most often supplied to the market in two versions: with a white surface and with a red surface. The first option is more often used as lighting fixture in residential areas. The second option is a pet heater. The IR rays emitted by such a lamp are practically no different from the sun. The only difference is the complete absence of ultraviolet radiation.
The surface of the socket with which the IR lamp is used must necessarily be ceramic. During operation, the lighting device gets very hot and a standard plastic socket will not be able to withstand it.
1.1 Advantages of using infrared lamps
Such illuminators are completely harmless to living organisms and highly economical to use. In addition, the IR lamp has the following advantages:
- unlike large infrared and radiator-type heaters, the lamp does not require a separate free corner in the room;
- when the device is operating, oxygen is not burned, even despite the high temperature;
- the light from such a lamp reaches objects with virtually no loss;
- the temperature in the room rises faster than when large heaters operate;
- suitable for working in small spaces;
- does not create noise during operation;
- does not raise dust in the room.
In addition, the lamp is easy to install. It is enough to screw it into the socket in the selected room and the lamp is ready for use.
1.2 Using a pet heat lamp
Infrared light is effective not only for heating residential premises, but also for warming livestock buildings. It is especially useful for newborn pets. This light allows you to maintain a stable temperature, which has a positive effect on metabolic processes. This ensures normal growth and development of young animals.
There are certain standards that make it possible to create an optimal temperature regime for newborns using an infrared lamp. For piglets and small goats from birth to one week of age, the device is installed at a height of 50 cm from the floor level. As you grow older, your temperature can gradually decrease.
For animals at 2 and 3 weeks of age, this figure is 75 cm. For age group 4 weeks and above, the lamp is permanently installed at a height of 100 cm. This mode allows you to create a comfortable temperature for animals in an area of 1 square meter.
For young horses, it is better to install a lamp with IR radiation at an angle of 40-45 degrees. This installation method provides best performance development.
As for heating time for newborn animals, the lighting should be constant for the first couple of weeks of development. Then you can gradually increase the pause time and reduce the duration of the lighting period. IN winter period the lamp for young animals is constantly on. IN summer period and in the spring the heater heats up for 3-5 hours, after which there is a pause for 15-30 minutes.
An IR heating lamp will be no less useful. In this case, the operating mode will be slightly different:
- Before the chick reaches 20 days of age, red infrared light is used;
- after 20 days of life, the color of the lamp must be changed to white;
- it is very important to maintain a stable operating mode of the heater, otherwise the chickens’ body biorhythms associated with the time of day will be disrupted;
- The IR lamp is wiped free of dust and dirt when installed in a cage and when turned off;
- The temperature in the first days of the chickens’ life should be maintained at 35-37 degrees, constantly measuring it with a thermostat.
In order to set the desired temperature, the lamp is installed on different heights. At the same time, the temperature is constantly recorded with a thermometer or. The point at which the light bulb creates the indicators specified by the standards is fixed for the entire period of maturation of the young animals.
If an inexpensive lamp is chosen for heating, it is better to protect it with a mesh frame. Such models do not provide protection from mechanical damage and moisture, and the body is quite fragile. Chickens can easily pierce it with their beak. The fragments can cause serious damage to them.
Based on the results of many studies, scientists have concluded that the red light of IR lamps has a very beneficial effect on the development of birds. Growth accelerates by 10-15%. At the same time, the level of stress and aggressiveness in chickens is significantly reduced.
1.3 Infrared lamp for heating animals (video)
1.4 Using infrared light to heat seedlings
Such heaters are also great for caring for seedlings in winter. They will be a good alternative to sunlight and will effectively influence development.
The lamps are installed on movable pendants, at a distance of 1.5-2 meters from one another. In this case, the movable suspension should provide the ability to freely lower and raise the lamp. This measure is necessary due to the fact that for normal plant growth, the distance from the light source to its above-ground organs must be constantly stable. Therefore, the lamps constantly rise as the crops grow.
2 How to choose a high-quality IR lamp on the domestic market?
The most popular manufacturers of infrared lamps today are Philips, Osram, InterHeat. Their products are valued for high quality and job stability.
When buying IR lamps, it is better not to chase low prices. This cost will be commensurate with the quality. You should also not buy products without license marks from the manufacturer. Such light bulbs often turn out to be fake and can fire at the slightest change in the voltage in the network. This in turn threatens injury to the chickens. poultry and baby animals.
Many lamps are characterized by increased protection of the housing from chemical, thermal and mechanical influences. This type of lamp is most optimal for installation in livestock buildings.
An infrared lamp is an electrical device whose operating principle is similar to a conventional incandescent lamp. The bulb of such a device is made of blue or red glass, and chemical composition filling gas allows the formation of light radiation in the infrared range.
Types of construction
There are several types of infrared lamps:
- With reflector. These lamps are used in medicine, in catering establishments, for vulcanization, polymerization, drying, etc.
- Ruby red halogen lamps are widely used for heating large rooms.
- Halogen transparent quartz are used for drying paint, varnishes, sintering powder coatings, and sterilization.
- With a golden coating they are used in the same way as ruby red ones, but at the same time they emit less light radiation.
Advantages
The use of infrared lamps has a number of advantages:
- rapid heating of rooms;
- It is not the air that is heated, but the objects themselves;
- energy savings compared to other heat sources;
- uniform heating of rooms at all levels, that is, the temperature near the floor and under the ceiling is the same;
- possibility of influencing point zones.
Thanks to these positive characteristics, the infrared lamp has found application in livestock farming.
Such devices are very often hung over pens for calves and lambs, as well as over young poultry. The properties of the heat coming from these lamps are very similar to that of the sun, which has a beneficial effect on the growth of animals. It has been scientifically proven that infrared radiation increases appetite in foals, calves, piglets, poultry and purebred dogs. In addition, the weight gain of young animals increases.
Selecting the hanging height and number of lamps
In order for the use of infrared lamps to heat animals to be effective, you need to know how many devices are needed, as well as at what height they should be located.
- To heat piglets, an infrared lamp with a power of 150 W is mainly used. One such device is designed to process one family; it is suspended at a height of about 70 cm from the floor. In winter, the lamps are constantly on, and can be used continuously for up to one and a half months. The rest of the time it is allowed to take breaks every 1.5-2 hours for 20-30 minutes. The temperature in the heating zone is controlled using a thermometer and regulated by the height of the lamp suspension.
- To heat calves and foals (due to the fact that in the first days of life they lie down), infrared lamps are placed at an angle of 45 degrees. The devices are covered with a net so that young animals cannot break them. The amount of heat is controlled by placing a hand on the animal’s back; as it grows, the lamp is raised higher.
- To warm chicks, goslings, turkey poults and ducklings, as well as for raising them, a box, the so-called playpen, is made. Its walls should be dense, without cracks. The material is usually wood, cardboard, hardboard, thick fabric. The walls of the arena must be at least 30 cm. The temperature is controlled using a thermometer lying on the floor of the arena.
Also, an infrared lamp can be used for breeding and keeping various exotic animals. Such devices are used in zoos to keep heat-loving animals. With their help, subtropical and tropical climates are recreated in cages and enclosures.
Features of operation
Like any electrical device, lamps have their own operating characteristics:
- use luminaires designed for lamps of appropriate power;
- The lamp socket must be ceramic;
- the lamp is equipped with a protective mesh;
- an infrared heating lamp should not be equipped with a plastic reflector.
The radiation produced by an infrared lamp is living warmth. It not only warms up the room, but also dries the hay, and this increases cleanliness and hygiene, allowing you to significantly reduce the loss of young animals, especially in winter.