All photos from the article
During the construction process, there is often a need for fastening wooden elements to structures made of brick, concrete, aerated concrete and metal. In order for the result of the work to be reliable and durable, you need to know the types of fasteners and the features of using one or another option.
Modern technologies have made it possible to develop many solutions that provide high strength and allow you to carry out installation yourself; this article will be devoted to this issue.
What you should know about this type of work
Before you begin installation, you need to familiarize yourself with several important nuances, which will ensure the highest reliability:
| Properties of wood | Don't forget that this material may expand due to changes in temperature and humidity, so be sure to leave a gap to compensate for linear changes in size. This will avoid a lot of troubles in the future and eliminate unpleasant surprises in the form of cracks in the final finish. |
| Adequate structural protection | To ensure that structures last as long as possible, be sure to treat them before installation. special composition, which will protect the material from mold and pests, and also significantly reduce the likelihood of fire. It is better to use hard-to-wash options that penetrate deeply into the structure |
| Use of quality materials | It is not recommended to use wood with high humidity, since after installation the elements may move, which will violate the geometry of the structure. In addition, when dried in improper conditions, cracks may form on the surface, which reduces the reliability of structures. |
| Choosing the right mounting method | May be suitable for different situations various options carrying out work, there is no universal solution, so you should understand the pros and cons of one method or another. This will allow you to select the optimal fastener |
Important!
Sometimes you have to start from the existing situation when the walls are built, but even in such cases it is possible to achieve excellent result works
You should not save money and choose the most reliable ones.
Overview of the main mounting options
The choice of one solution or another depends on the base to which the fastening will be carried out, the weight of the structures and their location. There are many methods, we will look at the most widespread and popular of them and will start from the material to which the wooden product will be attached.
Concrete and brick
It all depends on what elements need to be installed:
- Fastening wooden beam To concrete wall carried out using quick installation dowels or special metal anchors. The work is quite simple and is carried out in the following way: into holes at a certain distance, the diameter of which should be equal to size fasteners, holes of a certain depth are also drilled in the wall; for reliability, the length of the element in the wall should be twice the thickness of the block.
Important!
If the thickness of the metal elements is large or they have increased hardness, then it is recommended to first make holes using a drill, the diameter of which should be 2 mm smaller than the self-tapping screws used in the work.
Aerated concrete
This material has its own characteristics, so the following fasteners are used for it:
- Special nylon dowels, which can have different configurations, to use them you need to read the recommendations given in the instructions on the package, it will indicate which drill and how deep the hole should be made and which screws to use for fixing. This is the simplest and quick option, and the photo below shows some configurations of products of this type.
- For more massive structures, it is recommended to use metal fasteners, they have teeth, which when tightening the self-tapping screw required diameter diverge and cut into aerated concrete, providing the highest reliability.
- If fastening is carried out wooden stairs to an aerated concrete floor, additional reinforcement may be required using a threaded rod, which goes all the way through and ensures the highest reliability.
Drywall
Let us immediately note that heavy structures cannot be attached to this material, but small elements can be fixed very securely using the following products:
- The “driva” dowel is a unit with or without a drill at the end; the first option is preferable, since there is no need to drill a hole.
- Dowel "butterfly" is inserted into the hole, with the help of a self-tapping screw it expands from the inside and holds the element. Its price is low, but it is very convenient to carry out the work.
Conclusion
The video in this article will tell you Additional information on this topic. In general, it is worth noting that compliance simple recommendations and the use of high-quality fasteners are the main components of reliable connections.
Installation of fences requires the use of high-quality fastening components that can provide the fence with the proper strength and durability. One of the most important structural elements In addition to fence posts, you can confidently call logs, or veins. The veins are horizontal jumpers on which spans of fences made of corrugated sheets are installed, metal picket fence or wooden fences. Logs (veins) are attached to the supporting fence posts mainly by welding. However, today this is not the most The best decision. Welded joints often do not look aesthetically pleasing, but the main thing is that over time they rust and require constant maintenance. The joints that have been welded must be constantly repainted, since during the fastening process damage to the protective layer of metal, which protects the structure from corrosion, is inevitable. It is also worth noting that welding cannot be used everywhere; in particular, this requires access to electrical networks, which are not always available in the places where the fence is being built. Using a generator incurs additional costs.
In this regard, today fastening connections are becoming increasingly popular: fasteners for poles and joists, as well as x-brackets. They are not much inferior in strength characteristics to welding, and at the same time have a number of undeniable advantages. Fastening connections greatly increase the speed of installation; in addition, already attached joists can be easily removed and installed back or in a new location. When installing fence spans using fasteners, damage to their protective layer painted with primer enamels, galvanized or powder coating is excluded.
Holder for fence joists Fasteners for posts and joists are made according to a different principle: bent ones are used metal elements from sheet metal, which are connected to each other by industrial welding, after which they are coated with zinc-containing primer and powder paint. Metal fasteners for poles are available different models and standard sizes.
X-brackets are produced by stamping from an all-metal sheet and subsequent processing of the products by hot-dip galvanizing. The result is a cross-shaped structure with curved edges with holes for attaching the x-bracket to the fence post and attaching the joists.
Installation of fastenings for fence posts and joists
The process of installing a fence made of corrugated board, metal picket fence or wooden fencing using fasteners is quite simple. On support pillars The fence is marked at the places where the fasteners are attached. The fastener is applied to the table, a log is inserted into it, the horizontalness of which is checked building level. Then, the mount is screwed to the post using bolts or roofing screws. The X-bracket is attached using the same principle.
Installation of logs using holders
The fasteners are easy to use. Their use can significantly speed up installation processes and significantly improve the aesthetics, reliability and quality of fence construction. Our company provides turnkey fence installation services and performs individual species works: drilling holes for fence posts, installing metal posts made of round and profile pipe, installation of logs using the welded method or using fasteners, installation of corrugated sheets and other construction work.
How to attach veins to round fence posts? [QUESTION]
Installed metal pipes as fence posts, the question arose of attaching “ears” to attach the veins to the posts. But I didn’t find any information on the Internet about what size it is recommended to make these “ears”; I don’t have enough experience to determine this. The veins are planned to be wooden, 100x50 mm, span length 2.5 m; pillars d=76 mm What height, thickness and length is better to make “ears” so that it is convenient to mount the veins and the fastening is reliable? And what is the best way to attach the veins to the ears - with bolts, nails or some other way?
Answer: Let’s talk about veins right away; they are absolutely useless at such sizes. Especially with such a small span. 60x40 mm, as they say, “for the eyes.”
As for the “ears”, they are generally not needed. Drill your pipe through and fasten the veins with ordinary bolts with an M 10 thread 120 mm long as shown in the figure. To prevent them from unwinding, use Grover washers. You can cut the ends of the bolts a couple of millimeters so that they protrude beyond the nut and rivet them.
Place the bolt heads into the vein.
Unfortunately, you did not specify the material of the fence. 
The construction of a fence around the perimeter of the site requires strict adherence building regulations at all stages of work. The slightest deviation from established standards may cause deformation of the fence. Before you start building a fence, for example, from corrugated board, you should know exactly how to install the posts, how to fasten the corrugated sheet, what fixing products to use (screws, bracket, clamp, rivets). 
This is what self-tapping screws with rubber washers look like for screwing corrugated sheeting to the fence frame
Fastening fence logs from light building materials, for example, corrugated sheets, picket fences or wooden planks, must be carried out only with the use of high-quality components. In former times, fence logs made of corrugated sheets were attached to the support screw piles welding method. Such work could only be done by professionals and required the presence of electricity and welding equipment on site. Fences made by welding did not always look like an example of aesthetics and required constant anti-corrosion treatments at the attachment points.
Modern fences for personal plots are mainly modular fences made without welding, which are easy to assemble, original and durable. They are kits consisting of supports, sections and fasteners. 
Option for attaching cross beams to fence posts
Fasteners for such fences also comply modern trends. In most cases metal frames fastened using devices such as a clamp or bracket.
IN last years The well-proven x-fastener for fences is very popular, providing quick, aesthetic and quality connection. Any fastener for corrugated sheeting or other sectional fabric is a product specifically designed for construction work. Fastening the corrugated sheet logs using modern methods Even beginners can fix it.
Fasteners for corrugated sheeting on the fence are made of high-quality steel coated with anti-corrosion powder or zinc. Various fasteners and additional components eg rivets, clamp or suitable bracket. 
Example of clamps various types for attaching corrugated sheets to poles
You can buy these accessories at any specialized market, in online stores or in construction goods supermarkets.
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Fence fasteners for corrugated sheets are presented in two main types:
- Bracket or x-bracket;
- Fasteners for joists and posts.
The clamp, bracket or rivets are designed to different types fixation. Their correct combination will help to firmly connect the pillars and horizontal veins (joists). Anyone can buy these parts, and their ease of use requires no experience or application special devices and devices. 
Drawing possible options attaching joists to poles
Thanks to products such as fasteners for corrugated sheets, polycarbonate, picket fences or wood, the construction of fences of any complexity is greatly facilitated.
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Fasteners for corrugated sheets, for example, a bracket, are made by stamping from a hot sheet of metal. The fastening clamp, with which the pillars are connected to the joists, is made from bent metal parts welded to each other.
The finished bracket is subjected to hot-dip galvanizing, and the welded fasteners are painted with protective powder paints.
These accessories provide the fence with aesthetics, good wear resistance and strong fixation for the entire service life. Attaching corrugated sheets to the fence using fasteners is becoming an increasingly popular way of connecting structures. 
Scheme correct fastening corrugated sheet to the frame
The advantages of using this fixation method include the following:
- Convenience and ease of connection;
- Availability;
- Fast pace of installation;
- All joining points look beautiful and neat;
- There is no need for electricity and welding machines;
- The integrity of the top layer of mounted structures is maintained.
Special fasteners for corrugated sheets, such as a clamp, help connect posts, crossbars and fence sections firmly and efficiently. At the same time, the elements of the fence are not subjected to rough impact and mechanical damage.
This connection gives the hedge external beauty, integrity and provides it with long term services. If you need to rearrange the pillars, change the fastening of the joists, or dismantle the fence, then this can be done without damaging the prefabricated components.
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Most often, fences made of corrugated sheets are erected around dacha and land plots. 
This material is versatile, strong, affordable and durable. The corrugated sheet is used as a fence covering throughout. Even a novice builder can easily learn to work with it. A wide range of colors and an assortment of profiled sheets adds to its popularity. You can buy a quality product in many stores across the country at a relatively low price.
The material consists of a sheet of steel that has been galvanized and treated with anti-corrosion treatment. A primer is applied over the protective layers. The last coating of the product - a fence made of corrugated sheets - is covered with paint with polymer components. To prevent the canvas from being damaged during the construction of the fence, only special fasteners, such as a clamp or brackets, must be used to secure it.
Under reliable protection
So that wooden structures and under open air maintained their stability for a long time, it is necessary to pay special attention to the structural protection of wooden and metal parts.
Rain and wind won't matter!
As a rule, metal rusting and wood rotting occur unnoticed. Both processes proceed slowly and make themselves felt only when the roof over the porch threatens to fall on the owners’ heads. Moreover, rotten wood and rusted metal parts over time can become a threat to the stability of the entire building.
Any anti-corrosion protection is designed to protect the metal from exposure to moisture and oxygen. As a rule, this can be achieved by applying special coatings to steel parts. Some of them, such as chromium, combine with steel chemical reaction, others form a film on the surface of the metal, including from a special powder.
When working with wood, in addition to weatherproof impregnation, the most the best remedy from rotting is constructive protection. It basically eliminates the contact of the tree with rainwater and moisture from the soil.
Screws, as a rule, are galvanized or passivated - the latter have a characteristic yellow or dark blue color.
For dark types of wood, blackened screws can also be used, but their anti-corrosion protection is weaker.
Screws from of stainless steel – the best choice when constructing a structure that will be located in the open air.
Formatted screws(1) are used primarily for dry finishing of premises. If, when working with drywall, you use galvanized screws(2), then over time they will attract moisture and become visible through the paint layer. But with the blacks, phosphated screws this won't happen. Chrome/passivated screws(3) can be recognized by its yellowish color. They offer some protection against corrosion, but should not be exposed to constant rain. Stainless steel screws and bolts(4) – twice as expensive, but guaranteed not to corrode.
The phrase “high-quality steel” does not say anything about the resistance of steel angles or other fasteners to corrosion. Only through special processing or the addition of other metals does steel become corrosion-resistant. The four most common methods for protecting steel from rust and weathering are briefly described below.
The degree of anti-corrosion protection that each of these methods provides is different, which also affects the price of products processed by one or another method. High-quality stainless steel fasteners are the most expensive, but they certainly won’t have any problems with corrosion.
Most a budget option- parts made of galvanized steel. But if you want to prevent these parts from rusting, make sure that their coating remains intact. The same applies to powder coated products. Chrome plating is somewhat more resistant to corrosion, but its yellowish color does not always suit the design.
1. Chrome plated
When chrome plating, pre-galvanized steel parts are dipped in chromic acid, as a result of which a chrome film is formed on the products. She gives very good protection from corrosion of screws and other fasteners, which remains, as after galvanizing, for approximately 40 years. Just like bronze fasteners, chrome-plated products color scheme well suited to wood used outdoors.
2. Galvanized
When galvanizing steel becomes protective layer made of zinc. During hot-dip galvanizing, parts are immersed in a bath of zinc heated to +450°C. When galvanizing, zinc is applied to the part.
in an electrolyte bath. Fasteners treated in this way retain their anti-corrosion properties for up to 40 years. True, salty air reduces this period to 25 years.
3. Stainless steel
High-quality stainless steel refers to types of steel that, due to the addition of chromium, nickel, molybdenum or titanium, become completely resistant to corrosion under normal atmospheric influences. At the same time, products with smooth surfaces They are even more corrosion-resistant than rough ones, so some manufacturers subject their fasteners to special grinding. However, it is wrong to assume that products
made of stainless steel are not subject to corrosion at all. Even this type of high-alloy steel is susceptible to two types of corrosion: crevice and pitting. To maintain a decent appearance, stainless steel requires regular washing. metal products warm water with surfactants.
4. Powder coated
Before applying the powder-varnish coating, the products are galvanized. The powder, then applied to the product, is melted in an oven at temperatures above +200°C. After cooling, a durable anti-corrosion coating is formed on the product. In order for the metal to retain its anti-corrosion properties for a long time, the coating must not be damaged.
This way the supports will last a long time!
Drive-in bases: they do not require concrete
When erecting wooden structures that will have to be located in the open air, it is very important that the wood does not have direct contact with the ground and therefore does not absorb moisture. Hot-dip galvanized pier bases are the easiest and most inexpensive means of installing piers stably and keeping them dry. On such supports you can install a lightweight structure made of wood or using frame technology.
When driving bases into the ground, you should use special tools: plastic mallet and plastic plug, inserted inside the cartridge, it is on it that blows should be struck. If you hit the metal directly with an ordinary hammer, you can damage the upper part of the product.
For optimal protection against moisture, the lower end of the support should be treated with a protective glaze. The holes drilled for fastening must also be impregnated with an antiseptic. Protective covering must be completely dry before installation can begin.
Here are two types anchors For wooden supports, installed on concrete foundation and protected from moisture. The H-shaped anchor is suitable for supports of various sizes. The lower third of the anchor is filled with concrete. Those who find anchoring with a classic U-shaped anchor too noticeable can install the supports with virtually invisible anchors with a support shoe. A notch is made in the middle of the support, holes for fastening bolts are marked in the support, the support is put on the central panel of the anchor and secured with bolts. Then the support is concreted.
Supports buried in the ground sooner or later rot. Before the support collapses, its rotten part should be replaced. To do this, the support needs to be lightly dug up, cut down, and the lower part removed from the ground. The resulting gap between the support and the ground can be filled by installing a metal anchor on a concrete foundation. The lower part of the support should be replaced with a block of suitable size, securing it on both sides with two bars. A concreted wide H-shaped anchor will provide the support with the necessary stability; it is designed for a rack with a thickness of 70-140 mm.
PROTECTION FOR SUPPORTS AND TERRACES
Caps
To rainwater does not damage the tree, special caps are placed on top of the support, the top is sawed off at an angle or rounded off.
This will make your floors last longer.
Structural protection of wood is especially important when installing floors on outdoor terraces.
It will help extend the life of the floorboards. Firstly, the floor of the terrace must be arranged so that it has a slight slope in one direction - this way the water will drain from the terrace by itself.
The other two are simple, but effective techniques We illustrated with drawings.
Correct: the head of the screw remained on the surface of the board. Stainless steel self-tapping screws can break when screwed into hard wood, so you should always pre-drill holes with a slightly smaller diameter than the diameter of the self-tapping screw.
Bad: the head of the screw protrudes above the board or is dented. In the first case, you can get injured by catching on a self-tapping screw. In the second, a depression forms around the self-tapping screw and water collects.
A simple pommel made of galvanized steel can be bought for 140 rubles. in a construction supermarket.
The pommel, made of high-quality steel and decorated with a ball, costs almost 400 rubles.
Plastic tops are intended for children's furniture or playground structures. They protect the tree from rotting and children from injury. Price: 80 rub.
The upper part of the support without a top needs to be either rounded or cut at an angle so that rainwater drains quickly. In this case, the tree must be covered with a moisture-proof solution.
You can purchase a pole top made of wood.
Any owner suburban area Quite rightly, he is trying to fence off his possessions in some way. Thus, the construction of a fence is always included in the list of priority tasks, and it is often started to be installed even before the construction of the main house begins. There are a great many design options for such fencing. But despite the very wide range of materials offered for sale, both general construction and specifically designed for the construction of fences, wooden fences remain one of the most popular.
Wooden fences have been used for centuries and have proven their practicality. True, the fence supports were and remain a vulnerable point - the wood quickly succumbs from constant contact with the ground biodegradability, and century wooden poles, alas, short-lived. But nothing in our time prevents us from finding a more thorough solution. So, for example, a wooden fence will last much longer metal poles. It is these types of fences that will be discussed in this publication.
You need to fasten the corrugated sheet with self-tapping screws (to metal surfaces or wooden frame) and rivets (sheet to sheet).
To install a profiled sheet, in most cases a frame is made. The structure is made of metal profiled pipe (square, rectangle), wooden slats, plasterboard profile, an ordinary corner. Sometimes they make wall cladding by mounting the sheets directly to the brick or stone.
How and with what in each specific case to fix the corrugated sheet?
Self-tapping screws (self-tapping) for metal with a metal washer and rubber seal
A self-tapping screw (commonly a self-tapping screw) is made in the form of a rod with a tip resembling a drill, a triangular thread and a head for a wrench or a screwdriver. In addition to screws with a drill tip, screws with a sharp tip are produced. To fasten the corrugated sheet, complete with a screw, use a press washer and a rubber sealing gasket.
We apply:
- for attaching corrugated sheets to metal surfaces;
- with steel thickness up to 12.5 mm;
- without pre-drilling holes;
- for installation, for cladding facades, gables, making gates, wickets, etc.
We do not use:
- for fastening sheets to tool and high-carbon steels;
- for binding metal profiled sheets together;
- for attaching to wooden structures;
- for fastening to metal less than 1 mm thick.
How do we determine quality?
When purchasing, we require a quality certificate that reflects the characteristics according to the DIN standard, including:
For fastening to a frame with a thickness of 2.32 mm, we use products for drill No. 1, with a diameter of 4.8 mm, pitch 2.12. For metal 5.5 mm drill No. 3, 8.5 mm - No. 4, 12.5 mm - No. 5. Thread pitch 1.8. Self-tapping screws of large diameters must be coated with zinc with a thickness of at least 12 microns.
We select the length of the self-tapping screws depending on the purpose. To attach the profiled sheet to the lower wave, choose a size larger than the materials being joined by 3mm. When screwed into the upper wave, for example, to attach skates, the length increases by the height of the profile.
The industry produces 3 types of self-tapping screws according to the shape of the head:
- hexagonal;
- cruciform;
- anti-vandal.
For conventional installation It is easier to work with a hexagonal head shape. We use anti-vandal screws for fences and cladding, the removal of which outside will provide free access to the premises or territory. Installation of products is done with a special tool. 
Important nuances when attaching corrugated sheets with self-tapping screws:
- We tighten the screws with a washer and a rubber gasket strictly perpendicular to the plane of the sheet.
- According to the characteristics, the screws are suggested to be screwed in at 2500 rpm, but it is difficult to calculate the force by touch. Tighten the screws so as not to squeeze the rubber washer. A flattened seal will crack over time and will not create a tight seal.
- We don't use rubber seals where monolithic fastening is required.
- In places where unauthorized access to fasteners is possible, we use anti-vandal screws or use self-tapping screws with a notch that prevents arbitrary unscrewing.
How to attach profiled sheets to a wooden frame?
For roofs mounted on wooden sheathing, there is no alternative to traditional metal screws. Selecting screws with largest step threads. The larger this parameter, the more reliable the mount.
Vertically located profiled sheets that do not require a hermetic fastening, in order to save money, are fastened with galvanized self-tapping screws with a monolithic press washer. In everyday life it is an ordinary self-tapping screw with a wide head. For screwing, a Phillips screwdriver is inserted into the screwdriver. 
If the sheathing is made of DVL, chipboard, etc., we use screws with double-threaded threads. For the roof, we make a set of washers and cuffs ourselves, selecting the diameter of the screw.
- Use standard wood screws, including those intended for fastening plasterboard sheets. This fastener has countersunk head and when screwed in, it will damage the surface of the corrugated sheet.
- Use screws with a drill tip. The wood does not require drilling, a sharp self-tapping screw is screwed in more reliably, and the passage through corrugated sheets makes it acceptable for a large amount of work.
Is it possible to attach corrugated sheeting to shell rock (limestone, brick)?
We mount the sheets directly to the wall made of stone or brick using dowels and anchors. To install, pre-drill holes in the metal. We select fastener heads with a monolithic wide washer. The shape of a plastic insert with a shimmer that acts as a seal. We make the hole in the corrugated sheet 0.5 mm larger than the diameter of the insert. 
- For quick installation, use dowels with impact screws. They differ from traditional screws and screws in the shape of the thread. Disadvantage: if struck, the surface of the sheet can be damaged.
- Do not attach sheets to surfaces with protrusions or uneven surfaces.
How to connect sheets of profiled metal to each other?
The standard thickness of profiled iron is 0.4 mm. It is unreliable to connect two sheets using self-tapping screws, for example at an overlap, since the fastening is fragile and depends on the thread pitch.
To solve the problem we use rivets. The fastener consists of two parts, which are made of aluminum. Rivets are installed in pre-prepared holes and do not require access to back side. For installation we use a rivet device. In places where required hidden installation rivets, use a hole punch ( special pliers holders that pierce the corrugated sheet from the end of the wave).
Rivets can be used as fasteners for installing roofing, fence cladding, etc. The disadvantage is labor intensity. A through hole must be drilled for each rivet. 
Other methods of installing corrugated sheets
Screw and bolt connection
The corrugated sheet is attached to metal surfaces with screws, for example, when used as casings on machines, for fastening to special steels. We drill holes in the sheet and the base on which installation is taking place, cut the threads and install.
A bolted connection is used in the same way, but drilling is required for fastening through holes both in the sheet and in the material to which the installation is taking place. Bolts are used to connect corrugated sheets to metal and wooden frames, preventing vandalism and unauthorized access.
Adhesive base
For internal lining smooth walls Profiled sheets can be installed with glue. As a binding element, use metal putty mixed with PVA glue. The sheets are pressed to the base and kept until plasticized. adhesive composition. In this embodiment, corrugated sheeting does not perform load-bearing functions, but serves for decorative purposes.We have you and a set of screws for it.