Koshevaya O. N., teacher primary classes Municipal educational institution “School No. 97 of the city of Donetsk”
Russian language
Subject Gender of nouns: man-male, female, average.
Target: introduce grammatical feature nouns - gender; create conditions for mastering the method of determining the gender of a noun through the algorithmization of students’ activities.
Tasks:
Educational:
. develop the ability to see spelling patterns in words, develop spelling literacy, justify the condition of choice;
. to form analytical-synthetic thinking, the ability to group, the ability to generalize, and draw conclusions;
. develop the ability to work in pairs, develop control and self-control skills;
. develop children's speech, lexicon, thinking.
Educational:
. teach to determine the gender of nouns;
. continue to work on developing the skill of competent writing and spelling vigilance.
Educational:
. cultivate a love for the Russian language, the need to take advantage of linguistic wealth.
Personal UUD: students establishing a connection between the goal educational activities and its motive, self-determination.
Cognitive UUD: independent identification and formulation of a cognitive goal, conscious and voluntary construction of a speech utterance in oral form, choice of the most effective ways problem solving, knowledge structuring.
Regulatory UUD: goal setting, planning, evaluation of work results, making necessary additions and adjustments to the plan and method of action in the event of a discrepancy between the standard, the actual action and its result.
Communication UUD: planning educational cooperation with the teacher and peers, observing the rules of speech behavior, the ability to express and justify one’s point of view.
Planned results
Knowledge of constant features of a noun;
Ability to apply knowledge in life situations;
Ability to determine the gender of nouns.
Equipment: Power Point presentation, signal cards (m.r., zh.r., s.r.); textbook: Kanakina V.P., Goretsky V.G. Russian language. 3rd grade. Textbook for general education organizations. At 2 o'clock - M.: Education, 2016.
During the classes
I . Organizing time
I hope for you, friends,
You are a good friendly class.
Everything will work out for us.
2. Training - ear massage.
Let's wake up our brain and start working:
pull yourself by the earlobes from top to bottom (2 - 3 times);
pull the auricle up (2 - 3 times);
circular movements of the auricle clockwise and counterclockwise (2 - 3 times).
II . Updating students' knowledge (Slide 1)
1. Exercise for memory development.
A year is winter, water is a river, a blizzard is snow, frost is cold.
Sort out the words according to their composition.
2. Frontal survey(Slide 2)
What part of speech are the words naming the depicted objects?
(nouns)
Prove...
What is a noun called?
What does it mean?
What questions does it answer?
Which nouns are answered by the question who, and which ones are asked what?
What two groups can nouns be divided into?
3. Calligraphy minute(Slide 3)
Uncle Fyodor, the dog Sharik and the cat Matroskin lived in the village.
Name spellings (proper names)
Do parsing offers.
III . Statement of educational problem. Work in pairs (Slide 4)
In order to determine the topic of our lesson, we need to distribute these nouns into groups according to a certain sign. Words will help you"HE SHE IT".
Icicle, snow, frost, cloud, frost, winter, coat, blizzard, lake.
Try to determine the topic of the lesson based on these 3 columns of words.
IV . Discovery of new knowledge
1. Work according to the textbook.
WITH.25 exercises 39 (oral)
2. Teacher's story.
Gender of nouns.
You understand that the rooster is he, the hen is she, the wolf is he, and the she-wolf is she, the cat is he, and the cat is she. What to do with a rhinoceros, a squirrel, a cuckoo, a mouse, a hawk? Don't they have representatives of the opposite sex?
You cannot confuse different things: gender and gender. Yes, these words are presented in this way: there is a hippopotamus - and all individuals are so named. There is a cuckoo - and that’s it, there is a hawk - and there is no hawk in the language. In the language!
What if it’s not clear, if the word is foreign? Chimpanzee, flamingo? These are usually masculine words unless the text indicates otherwise. The little kangaroo galloped into the forest.
And so - a bright flamingo, an agile chimpanzee, a cute kangaroo.
Memo (Slide 5)
3. Relaxation exercise
Massage of the wings of the nose.
Tapping the bridge of the nose with your knuckles.
Breathing exercise.
V . Primary consolidation
1. Independent work.
Ex. 40 page 26
Assignment: write down the feminine nouns first, and then the masculine and neuter.
Choose 2 nouns each: masculine, feminine and neuter.
Peer review.
2. Familiarization with the gender discrepancy of nouns.(Slide 6)
The old ladies were having lunch. Suddenly a spoon fell from the table with a clang.
Yeah! - said the Russian woman, remembering the funny old sign. — Some lady came to visit us. The spoon fell!
Why lady? - the German woman was surprised. - A spoon is masculine. So a man must come.
The Russian was indignant:
Well, here's more! If the knife fell, then it would mean a man. The knife is masculine...
Ha ha ha! - the German woman laughed.
Is the knife masculine? No, if the knife falls, it doesn’t mean anything. He is neuter.
The Armenian woman sat silently and looked in bewilderment at one or the other of those arguing. Finally she leaned towards me: “Forgive me,” she whispered, “but I don’t understand anything... I see there’s some kind of funny sign here.” What is it based on? Why can a knife somehow resemble a man or a spoon resemble a woman? I don't understand this.
And in fact, it was impossible to explain to her what this superstition was based on: in the Armenian language (as in English) there are no genders at all: neither feminine nor neuter! Neither in Armenia, nor in England, nor in Turkey could such a sign even be formed.
3. Game task "The sixth odd one".(Slide 7)
Rain, island, horse, shadow, bush, day.
Rye, oven, carrots, fire, laziness, night.
Land, taiga, time, family, relatives, station.
Window, village, sea, field, towel, apple, table.
VI . Application of knowledge and methods of action
1. Creative work. Compiling text using key words.(Slide 8)
Compose and write down the text, determine the gender of nouns.
Winter, frost, snow, powder, snowdrift, bullfinch, field, glass, blanket, fur coat, Snow Maiden, snowman, gift, tree, icicle, ice, skating rink, hockey, firecracker, hat, scarf, feeder, grain, cold, hunger .
On the desk:
Cold _______ has arrived. Snow-white ________ covered the earth.
Lights up everything around. _________ ________ glitters and shimmers. How ________ _________!
Has arrived Cold winter. A snow-white blanket covered the ground. Winter sun illuminates everything around. Silver frost ( White snow) glitters and shimmers. How beautiful in winter!
2. Work on riddles.(Slide 9)
Guess riddles, determine the gender of nouns (using signal cards).
She just knocks
There's snow in our window,
We take the sled
And run up the hill!
(Winter)
He comes first in the count,
The new year will begin with it.
Open your calendar soon
Read! Written -...
(January)
Fluffy horse,
Or maybe a hippopotamus
Or maybe just cotton wool
Floats above us into the distance.
(Cloud)
Blanket white
Not made by hand.
It wasn’t woven or cut—
It fell from the sky to the ground.
(Snow)
Her house is on a white cloud,
But she is afraid of the sun's ray.
Silver fluff,
Hexagon...
(Snowflake)
After working all day,
A blizzard swept the mountain.
What kind of slide? What's the name?
You will have to answer me.
(Snowdrift)
Anybody here can be a bird
In the winter cold, treat yourself.
There's a hut hanging on a branch,
It's called...
(Feeder)
The sieve is large, the sieve is blue.
White fluff sows and blows
to forests, houses, meadows.
(Sky)
Wanders alone
Fiery eye.
Everywhere it happens
Warms with a glance
(Sun)
VII . Inclusion in the knowledge system and repetition
1. Work according to the textbook.
Ex. 40, p. 26.
(Self-execution. Mutual check.)
— Read what endings nouns of different kinds have.
2. Creative work. Work in groups.(Slide 10)
From the letters of each given word, form a new one that retains all the letters of the original word. Determine the gender of the nouns. Underline the pairs that have the same gender.
pine - ... (pump)
fist - ... (doll)
whim - ... (order)
reed - ... (mouse)
kite - ... (lace)
VIII . Homework
Ex. 44, p. 27
IX . Summarizing. Reflection
How to determine the gender of a noun?
Continue the sentences:
In the lesson I learned….. I found it difficult…..
It was interesting to me…. I want…
Thank you for your cooperation.
What is gender in relation to the Russian language, how many genders are there in the Russian language and which ones are distinguished?
Schoolchildren begin to become familiar with this category in primary school, gradually deepening and consolidating their knowledge. In the fifth grade, information about the genus is replenished and consolidated on more complex material.
How many genders are there in Russian?
The following system is presented in Russian:
- Feminine gender.
- Masculine.
- Neuter gender.
- Common gender.
The gender of words used only in plural.
How many genders does a noun have in Russian?
To determine the gender of a noun, we ask a semantic question about this word: is it mine? She is mine? is it mine?
As can be seen from the table, gender is determined only for singular nouns. Nouns used only in the plural (trousers, glasses, sleigh) are outside the category of gender.
When determining the gender of nouns, schoolchildren often have difficulty with words like “knowledgeable”, “clever”, “fidget” and the like. For example: he was a big fidget and she was a big fidget. Are these words feminine or masculine? This is where the question posed in the title arises: how many genders are there in the Russian language? Scientists have two points of view on this matter: some classify them as masculine or feminine, depending on the context, others classify such words into a special gender - general.
Indeclinable foreign language nouns also cause difficulties. In writing, they resemble words related to the neuter gender. Indeed, most of them belong precisely to this genus, but there are (let's say) exceptions to the rule.
Thus, according to the literary norm, the noun “coffee” is masculine. It would be incorrect to say “my coffee.” This is a mistake, the correct option is “my coffee”.
The noun "euro", by analogy with other names monetary units, refers to the masculine gender. By the same principle, the nouns “suluguni”, “sirocco”, “penalty” refer to the masculine. Based on the same analogy, the nouns "avenue", "salami", "kohlrabi" are feminine.
If you have any doubts about the gender of a noun, you should consult Russian dictionaries.
How to determine the gender of an adjective?
Unlike a noun, for which the gender category is unchangeable, for an adjective it is a changeable category and is determined depending on the context. The rule by which the gender of this part of speech is determined is as follows: the gender of the adjective is determined by the word being defined, that is, by the noun.
For example:
- The girl was wearing a beautiful (s.r.) dress. ("Dress" is mine, therefore it is neuter gender, which means that the adjective “beautiful” also belongs to the neuter gender).
- He was a handsome (m.) man. The street is beautiful (f.r.).
Indeclinable adjectives are also distinguished. For example: khaki pants.
Now you know the answer to the question of how many genders there are in the Russian language. We also analyzed their definition using examples. It is very important to be able to determine the gender of a noun or adjective - this will help to avoid grammatical errors.
§1.1. Gender of nouns
Gender of inflected nouns
Each noun in Russian belongs to one of three genders: table, sparrow(masculine) pen, notebook(feminine) window, field(middle gender).
How do we determine and express the gender of a noun?
The gender of a noun (except for its case ending) is indicated by:
a) adjective forms: greatOuch table, redand I pen, wideoh window;
b) verb forms: boy cheatl book; girl studiedA language.
It is difficult to determine the gender of many words. These include nouns:
a) masculine: roofing felt, tulle, boot, report card, curtain, comment, correction, vegetable, shoulder strap, rail, piano, sanatorium, dispensary, hall, slang;
b) feminine: parcel, sideburn, shoe, slipper, sheet, callus, clearing, price;
c) neuter: towel, jam, stuffed animal, tentacle.
Remember these words! Using them in any other way is a gross violation of the norm!
Bigeneric forms
Is the gender of a noun always determined unambiguously? No! For some names there are bigeneric forms. This is explained:
a) tradition: aviary - aviaryA , cuff - cuffA , banknotes - banknotesA ;
b) the existence of different styles of speech, in particular colloquial and scientific (professional terminology): dahlia(colloquial speech) – dahliaA (nerd term), keys(technical term) – keysA (musical term).
These examples show that the problem of determining the gender of nouns is not as simple as it seems!
Gender of indeclinable nouns
An even greater difficulty is the question of determining the gender of indeclinable names ( coffee, ecu, kangaroo, flamingo, salami). Its solution is closely related to everyday speech practice. How to say: strong coffee or strong coffee? scotch whiskey or Scotch whiskey?
To determine the gender of indeclinable names, you need to know the following rule:
Inanimate names (objects) belong to the neuter gender: strongoh whiskey, ironoh alibi, goldoh necklace, redoh cap, briefoh resume, freshher meringue
Exceptions : a) masculine: coffee, penalty, ecu; b) feminine: kohlrabi, salami, avenue. Examples of phrases: blackth coffee, clearlyth penalty, Finnishand I salami, wideand I Avenue.
However, it should be remembered that processes often occur in a living language that violate (change) book-established norms. Yes, word coffee according to the rule, refers to the masculine gender (form in the 19th century - coffee), but in colloquial speech today it is also used in the neuter form. Both forms are considered acceptable: Give me please,one coffee (one coffee).
All animate names (persons) belong to one gender or another depending on the gender of the person:
a) masculine: militaryth attache, talentedth maestro, stingyOuch rentier, cheerfulth entertainer;
b) feminine: youngand I miss, oldand I madam, unknownand I lady;
c) variants of the genus: my protégé -my protégé, our incognito –our incognita.
Gender and sex of animals
How to designate the gender and gender of animals?
Towards inclined noun, this problem can be solved in different ways. One solution comes down to replacing the existing masculine noun with a feminine noun of a different root: bull - cow, ram - sheep, rooster - chicken. But there are a number of words that do not indicate the gender of the animals they denote at all: cat, fox, shark, monkey or ant, raccoon, parrot, badger. How to indicate the sex of animals in this case? You probably can’t answer this question unequivocally (this is cat, And fox, On the one side; ant, raccoon, badger- with another).
How to designate gender unyielding nouns that name animals? Such animal names include:
a) to the masculine gender: smallth pony, manualOuch kangaroo, pinkth flamingo, wildth dingo;
b) to the feminine gender only when denoting a female animal: kangaroo carriedA baby in pouch; brought out the cockatooA chicks.
Of course, the gender of indeclinable names here is indicated only by adjectives and verbs adjacent to them. The names themselves change and form pairs (as elephant - she-elephant) are not capable.
Gender of nouns denoting professions, positions
We encounter the need to express the gender of a noun when naming people by their profession or position: technician, judge, lawyer, engineer etc. Difficulties arise primarily when these names refer to women. To determine the gender of nouns in this group, the following rules exist.
1. The names themselves: technician, judge, lawyer, engineer, doctor, geologist, associate professor, professor, rector etc. – retain the masculine form: rector Gryaznova, director Petrova, doctor Ivanova.
2. What about the forms on -Ha And - sha? Most of these forms: doctor, director, secretary, hairdresser, elevator operator, librarian– are not normative and are classified as colloquial.
3. There are literary paired forms (masculine and feminine) for a number of names, and they are actively used in speech:
In general, there are quite a lot of suffixes in the Russian language that can transform a “male” name of a person into a name of a female person. This and -k(a): student - female student, And -sh(a): hero of the day - hero of the day, And -in(i): count - countess, And -ess: poet - poetess, and a null suffix: spouse - spouse. The difficulty is that these suffixes are added out of order, and therefore the formation of words with the meaning “female person” does not fit into clear rules.
But in official business style (official documents), preference is always given to masculine forms: laboratory assistant Petrova was appointed to the position on 01.0.2003.(Also: salesman Belova,correspondent Ivanova).
What gender does the adjective get when given a name? director or engineer? The adjective (and pronoun) with a noun of this group takes the masculine form: mainth engineer Kruglova,our judge Terekhova, districtsth doctor Gorina, scientificth head of Somov,my Director Lazarev. But the verb of the noun of the group under consideration is used in the feminine gender: Petrov's secretary issuedA certificate Krymov's accountant signedA statement. Rector Gryaznov concludedA agreement.
Thus, the syntax of a sentence containing the names of the group “profession - position” may look like this: My supervisor (Somova) made comments; Our commercial director (Potapova) signed the documents; My local doctor (Gorina) opened the newsletter.
This is interesting!
The need to indicate that it is a woman who holds a certain position or has a certain profession reflects the social order that life has placed on language. Indeed, in the 19th century. Most positions and specialties belonged exclusively to men. In such a situation, one word, usually masculine, was enough to identify the corresponding person. (And when Famusov - the hero of Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" - intends to " at a widow's, at a doctor's, to baptize", then we are talking about the widow of a doctor, and not about a woman who is a doctor by profession.) But when in the 20th century. women began to actively occupy those positions, obtain those specialties that were previously exclusively male, and the need arose for women in such positions or with such specialties to be called in a special way. So the language mobilized all its resources for this: 1) in the form of complex words ( female director, female secretary, 2) in the form of endings of agreed words ( the secretary saidA , our dispatcher saidA ) and, of course, 3) in the form of suffixes ( startprostrate A).
The use of suffixes often led to a lack of distinction between nouns designating women by the position (or profession) of their husband and by their own position (or profession). Today words doctor, engineer, professor have passed into the category of vernacular and are more often used to refer to wives.
Gender of abbreviated nouns
In the Russian language, abbreviations are widely used - shortened letter names. They are read either
a) by letter: FA, MSU, UN, IMF, FSB;
b) in full syllable: TASS, Moscow Art Theater, CMEA, MFA.
How to determine the gender of an abbreviation? The gender of abbreviations is determined by the gender of the main (leading) word:
MSU Ž Moscow Stateuniversity - husband. genus;
FA Ž Financialacademy – female genus;
UN Ž Organization united nations– female genus;
ORT Ž All-RussianTV - Wed genus.
Syntactically, the gender of an abbreviation is expressed by the form of the verb: FA acceptedA students(academy); IMF allocatedl facilities(fund); ORT broadcastO last news(TV).
Exception abbreviations
Some abbreviations, when used for a long time, received the form of gender not according to the gender of the main word, but according to its appearance, i.e. abbreviations ending in a consonant became masculine. This happened with the following abbreviations, which can be considered exceptions to the rule:
university- husband. genus: The university accepted students(although according to the rule: university higher education institution Wed genus);
Housing office- husband. genus: Housing office gathered residents(although according to the rule: Housing office housing maintenance office wives genus);
HAC- husband. genus: The Higher Attestation Commission approved this candidacy(although according to the rule: HAC Higher Attestation Commission wives genus).
Variant abbreviations
The following forms are currently being considered as options:
TASS(agency) reported / TASS reported(“TASS is authorized to report” is the title of the feature film)
UNESCO(organization) arose / UNESCO arose.
Gender of media names
The names of mass media (newspapers and magazines), like any other names, can be:
1) inflected ("Izvestia", in "Izvestia");
2) inflexible ("Moscow News" [MoscowNews]).
Syntactically gender and number inclined The names of this group are expressed in the verb form: "Kommersant" publishedl article; "Moskovsky Komsomolets" disprovedG data information; "Moskovskaya Pravda" publishedA
In this lesson, you will learn what types of nouns are, practice determining the gender of nouns in the singular and plural, and observe the gender endings of nouns. Why is gender constant sign nouns? Which nouns cannot be gendered? Are there common nouns? You can get answers to these questions in class.
Introduction
Our ancestors, the ancient Slavs, once divided all things and beings into three classes - masculine, feminine, and "material" (or "material"). They deified many objects, giving them a feminine or masculine gender.
For example, the word child - material kind among the ancient Slavs. Children at all times did not have the right to own personal property. (V. Volina)
Do you know that there are languages in whichNouns have no gender. These are English, Finnish, Turkish, Chinese, Japanese and others.
There are languages in which nouns only havetwo kinds. These are French, Spanish, Italian.
There are languages in whichthere are many more genders than in our language.
For example, in many languages of the peoples of the Caucasus and Africa there can be up to 40 genders. They are called “classes” there. (N. Betenkova)
Lesson topic: “Gender of nouns. Generic endings nouns."
How to find out the gender of nouns
Read the nouns. Which ones are called men and which ones are women?
Grandfather, mother, sister, father, grandmother, son, brother, granddaughter, uncle, aunt, daughter, great-grandfather, man, woman.
In Russian, nouns are masculine and feminine. What kind of words did we write in each column?
grandfather
dad
Brother
uncle
great grandfather
man
These are masculine words, since you can substitute the word He.
These are feminine words, since you can substitute the word she.
What word can be substituted for these words?
Wheel, hollow, insect, towel - IT. These are neuter words.
Nouns There are masculine, feminine and neuter genders. The gender of nouns is determined by substituting pronouns.
To nouns male you can substitute words he is mine.
To nouns female you can substitute words She is mine.
To nouns neuter you can substitute words it's mine.
Determining the gender of nouns in the plural
If it is necessary to determine the gender of a noun used in the plural, the word is first put in the singular, in the initial form. The initial form of a noun answers the questions who? What?
The cranes have flown away
And the rooks are already far away.
We didn’t have time to look back,
Blizzards stirred up the snow. (Vl. Prikhodko)
Cranes- plural, initial form - who? crane, he, m.r.
Rooks- plural, initial form - who? rook, he, m.r.
Blizzards- plural, beginning form - what? blizzard, she, f.r.
Snow- in units, beginning form - what? snow, he, m.r.
Why is gender a constant feature of nouns?
If a noun is, for example, feminine, can it be masculine or neuter?
Nouns are already born with masculine, feminine or neuter words. They do not change by birth. This is why gender is a constant feature of nouns.
March.
Sketched by the sky
White snowdrifts.
The sun burned them out
Doors and windows.(I. Zagraevskaya)
March- he, m.r.
Sky- it, s.r.
Snowdrifts- plural, beginning form - what? snowdrift, he, m.r.
Sun- it, s.r.
Doors- plural, beginning form - what? door, she, f.r.
Okonta- plural, beginning form - what? window, it, w.r.
Which nouns cannot be gendered?
Eyes, curlers, blinds, mustaches, sleds, skis, skates, vacations.
Eyes- What? eye, it, w.r.
Curlers, blinds
Mustache- What? mustache, he, m.r.
Sled- cannot be used in the singular.
Skis- What? ski, she, f.r.
Skates- What? horse, he, m.r.
Holidays- cannot be used in the singular.
For nouns that do not have a singular form, gender cannot be determined.
For example, trousers, tongs, scissors, day, cream, sawdust, ink, hide and seek, chess, yeast, pincers, twilight.
Common nouns
Interesting nouns: orphan, smart girl, crybaby.
Smart girl- who can be praised with this word, a boy or a girl?
Compare: He was an orphan. She was an orphan.
These nouns, depending on specific circumstances, can act as masculine nouns (He was so smart!), then as feminine nouns(She was so smart!)
These are nouns of a general kind.
Let's pick some more common nouns: ringleader, fidgety, quiet, why, arrogant, sweet tooth.
Gender endings of nouns
What endings can nouns have in the masculine, feminine and neuter gender?
dad A
Slav A
uncle I
You I
daughter A
natures A
Dash A
tet I
s.r.
movements e
fun e
belle e
Borodin O
lace O
canvas O
Complete the diagram: write the endings.
For nouns male more often endings -a, -i, and zero.
For nouns feminine endings -а, -я and zero.
For nouns Neuter endings -о, -е, -е.
(Some nouns ending -i, For example, dit I, flame I, time I ).
What do words have in common - masculine, feminine and neuter nouns?
In nouns masculine and feminine may have the same endings -a, -i, zero.
Is it possible to determine the gender of nouns only by the ending?
Solving a spelling problem at the end of nouns
Jam_, rainbow_, cave_, swamp_, clearing_, knee_, wheel_, patronymic_, lake_.
Knowing the gender of the noun, substituting words it, she, you can solve a spelling problem at the end, write the letter of an unstressed vowel correctly.
Jam_ ono, ending -o,
rainbow_ ona, ending -a,
caves_ ona, ending -a,
swamps_ ono, ending -o,
glade_ ona, ending -a,
knee_, wheel_, patronymic_, lake_ onό, ending -o.
Jam O, rainbow A, caves A, swamps O, glade A, knees O, wheel O, middle names O, lakes O.
How are borrowed words distributed by gender?
In Russian the word Sun- neuter.
IN German word Sun- feminine (“di zonne”).
The English just say "san" ( Sun), without attributing this noun to any of the existing genders.
The French Sun- masculine (“le soleil”).
In Spanish "el sol" Sun- male.
How are words distributed by gender that came from other languages, that is borrowed words?
In russian language Borrowed words retain the gender they had in the foreign language.
This explains the fact that in modern Russian the words piano, coffee, kangaroo belong to the masculine gender;
somersault, chassis, domino- to the neuter gender, and the word shawl- to the feminine gender.
Nouns borrowed from languages that have no gender receive it in Russian: basketball, football(from English) - masculine.
We look for nouns, determine their gender
Check yourself. Find nouns and determine their gender.
Who wrote what?
Once upon a time there was no paper. The first manuscripts appeared on clay tablets. In the east, paper was replaced Ivory. Animal skin - parchment - was often used for writing. IN Ancient Rus' They wrote on birch bark and birch bark.
paper- paper, liquid,
manuscripts- manuscript, journal,
on signs- plate, w.r.,
in the east- east, m.r.,
paper- paper, liquid,
bone- f.r.,
for writing- letter, s.r.,
skin- leather, f.r.,
animals- animal, s.r.,
parchment- m.r.,
in Rus' - Rus, zh.r.,
on the bark- bark, f.r.,
birch bark- birch bark - f.r.
Conclusion
I will remember the feminine gender
And I will say: “She is mine.”
And I will remember the masculine gender
And again I will say: “He is mine.”
The neuter gender is mine!
This is your rule!(E. Semyonova)
In the lesson, you learned that if you need to determine the gender of a noun used in the plural, the word is first put in the singular, in the initial form.
Nouns do not change by gender.
For nouns that do not have a singular form, gender cannot be determined.
Bibliography
- M.S. Soloveychik, N. S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Textbook. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
- M.S. Soloveychik, N. S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. 3rd grade: in 3 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
- T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks in the Russian language. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
- T.V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
- L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003.
- G.T. Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 grades. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008.
Homework
- For these nouns, select nouns that are close in meaning. Please indicate gender.
Ring - ...
Strengthening -…
Border - …
Bay - …
Luck - …
A curtain - …
Duty - …
Silence -…
Words for reference: heat, fortress, bay, success, silence, duty, ring, darkness, curtain, boundary. - Read the text. Determine the gender of nouns.
Pretender.
A large gorilla lives in the Prague Zoo. One morning the monkey suddenly fell ill. She refused to eat and moaned. The doctor decided that the animal had eaten too much. The gorilla was given medicine and left. The monkey recovered instantly. During the inspection, she pulled out a key from the caretaker's pocket. She opened the cage for them and began to walk around the zoo.
- Read the text. Find the nouns and write them in 3 columns:
m.r., f. R. , Wed R.
Petya is dreaming.
If only there was soap
It came
In the mornings to my bed
And it would wash me itself -
That would be nice!
If, let's say,
Wizard
Gave me such a textbook
So that he would
I could do it myself
Answer any lesson...
If only I had a pen,
So that I can solve the problem,
Write any dictation... (B. Zakhoder)
- Internet portal Oldskola1.narod.ru ().
- Internet portal School-collection.edu.ru ().
- Internet portal Gramota.ru ().
- Internet portal Russisch-fuer-kinder.de ().
1. Noun. m.r., denoting female persons by profession, occupation (doctor, professor, accountant, cashier, director, deputy, foreman, etc.) are noun m.r.
Larisa Markovna - our scientific supervisor (m.b.) - asked to do the work on time.
Doctor (m.r.) Egorova, a leading specialist in genetics, has released a new monograph.
2. Nouns formed with the help of the suffixes -ish- and -ishk- belong to the same genus as the nouns from which they are formed: house (m.r.) - little house (m.r.), fire (m.r.) - conflagration (m.r.), cat (m.r.) - cat (m.r.).
3. Type of abbreviations(of complex abbreviated words) is most often determined by the reference word:
USPTU - the reference word "university" (m.r.) - USNTU (m.r.)
Hydroelectric power station - the reference word “station” (f.r.) - Hydroelectric power station (liquid)
4. In the Russian language there is a small group of nouns that have options m.r. and f.r.: shutter (m.r.) and shutter (zh.r.), hall (m.r.) and hall (zh.r.), banknotes (m.r.) and banknote (zh.r.).
5. A genus of borrowed indeclinable nouns. determined by the meaning of the word. Most undecided inanimate noun of foreign language origin include to Wed: bureau, depot, jelly, mango, subway, coat, puree, fillet, jury, foyer, interview, etc.
EXCL.: nouns, the gender of which is determined by the gender of Russian words that are similar in meaning:
Avenue (street) - residential district;
Kohlrabi (cabbage) - fat;
Penalty (free kick) - m.r.;
Salami (sausage) - female;
Ivasi (fish) - female;
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Coffee - m.r.
6. Animated borrowed indeclinable nouns. refer to m.r. or to f.r. depending on gender designated person:
M.R.: attache, bourgeois, dandy, entertainer, croupier, impresario, maestro, rentier, porter.
J.R.: Frau, lady, madam, miss, lady.
7. Animated borrowed indeclinable nouns denoting animals, insects, birds, relate to m.r., unless it is specifically stated that a female is meant:
white cockatoo (m.b.), little pony (m.b.), pink flamingo(m.r.)
BUT! The hummingbird (f.) laid a small egg.
8. Borrowed indeclinable nouns denoting geographical names have the same gender as noun. - generic concept (lake, city, mountain):
Mississippi(river) - river; lively Montevideo(city) - m.r.
9. NO KIND for nouns that do not have a singular form: gates, trousers, sleigh, yeast, scissors, name day, holidays, canopy, glasses, wallpaper, cream, day and etc.
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Tasks and exercises for self-control:
Make up phrases using the “adj. + noun.” Determine the gender of nouns.
Avenue, aerosol, parcel, meringue, borjomi, sconce, bourgeois, veil, riding breeches, house, jury, Ivasi, ingénue, cockatoo, kohlrabi, contralto, coffee, lady, salmon, menu, corn, mocha, mole, pemoxol, penalty, pony, purse, salami, travesty, tulle, flamingo, foyer, tsetse, shampoo.