How to build an inexpensive garage. Budget and simple construction of a garage: how to build it cheaper, from what materials? We cover the frame with OSB

Let's take a closer look at building a garage with your own hands: which foundation, walls and roof to choose.

We will try to consider as much as possible the pros and cons of various materials and approaches to construction.

It is better to entrust the choice of foundation and its calculation to specialists. If this is not possible, you need to focus on the weight of the walls and the characteristics of the soil. The strength of the soil can be roughly assessed by digging a hole at the construction site. It would be a good idea to talk to your neighboring developers.

Helpful information:

On solid soils, the best solution would be to use strip foundations for garages with brick walls and columnar foundations for wooden buildings. In flooded areas and peat bogs, a monolithic slab or screw piles are suitable. If the depth of soil freezing is more than two meters, use shallow foundations will provide significant savings. Consider all factors and your garage will last for many years.

Foundation for a garage

The foundation is the foundation of the garage; the reliability and service life of the entire structure depend on the correct choice of its design. The type of foundation should be selected taking into account the weight of the wall materials and the characteristics of the soil at the construction site.

Monolithic strip foundation

The construction of a monolithic strip foundation is carried out in the following sequence:

They dig a trench with a depth of 5 cm greater than the height of the underground part of the base.
Layers of sand and crushed stone 5 cm thick are laid at the bottom of the trench, and the sand-crushed stone cushion is carefully compacted.
The formwork is being placed. The formwork serves to remove the cement laitance from concrete mixture did not soak into the soil. On clay soils, impervious to water, installation of formwork is not necessary. A trench is dug along the width of the foundation and its walls serve as formwork.
If necessary, tie the reinforcement.
Concrete is laid in layers of 30 cm, each layer is compacted with a tamper or vibrator.
After the foundation hardens for 28 days, two layers of roofing felt waterproofing are laid on top of it and the construction of walls begins.

When constructing a rubble base, stones are laid in layers of 30 cm on a sand-crushed stone bed and poured cement-sand mortar.

Strip base made of foundation blocks

The use of foundation blocks greatly facilitates construction. The disadvantage is the need to use a crane. For the foundation for the garage, FBS-9-Z-6t blocks measuring 88x30x58 cm weighing 350 kg and FBS-9-4-6t blocks measuring 88x40x58 cm weighing 470 kg are used.

The bottom row of blocks is installed on a sand cushion. Vertical joints are filled with cement-sand mortar. A layer of mortar is applied to the upper surface of the blocks and the next row is laid overlapping the joints. If the height of the foundation is not a multiple of the height of the block, it is increased to the required level with a layer of concrete.

On subsidence and undermined soils, block foundations are reinforced with monolithic reinforced concrete belts located in the upper and lower parts of the foundation.

Slab foundation

The slab foundation is a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, on the edges of which the walls rest. It is used on soft soils and when groundwater is located close to the surface. The advantage of using the slab is the small volume of excavation work, the disadvantages are the impossibility of constructing an inspection pit and basement and the increased consumption of reinforcement.

Construction is carried out in the following sequence:

remove the fertile layer of soil;
lay and compact the sand cushion;
a layer of film waterproofing is laid on the sand;
formwork is installed around the perimeter of the garage;
two reinforcement meshes are mounted one above the other;
lay and compact concrete;
The side surfaces of the slab are insulated with foam plastic.

For a garage, it is enough to make a slab 10 - 20 cm thick. The mesh cell dimensions are 20x20 cm, the diameter of the reinforcement is 12 mm. In case of severe frost heaving and in the conditions of the Far North, the lower surface of the slab is insulated.

Columnar foundation

Columnar bases are used for garages with light wooden, frame or foam concrete walls. They are carried out to the depth of soil freezing or shallowly buried. The materials for making the pillars are concrete and concrete blocks, steel and asbestos cement pipes. Concrete pillars are most often used.

The work is performed in the following order:

they dig holes under the pillars;
sand cushions are arranged at their bottom;
if necessary, tie the reinforcement;
assemble formwork;
foundations are poured with concrete;
after the concrete has gained strength, two layers of waterproofing are laid on the upper surface of the base;
the pillars are connected by beams that serve as the base for the walls.

The beam can be wooden, metal or reinforced concrete. The cross-section of the pillars and the width of the beam are chosen 10 cm larger than the thickness of the walls. The pillars are installed in the corners of the garage, at the junction of the walls and 1.5 - 3 m between them.

Screw piles

The screw pile is made from metal pipe, one end of which is pointed, the second is equipped with a flange. Near the pointed end, blades are welded to the pipe. The piles are coated with an anti-corrosion compound, ensuring a service life of more than 140 years. Advantages screw piles is:

possibility of construction on any soil (with the exception of rocky and rocky) at the same level groundwater doesn't matter;
resistance to frost heaving of soil;
savings of 30 - 60% compared to a strip base;
minimum amount of excavation work;
reduction of construction time.

For garages with light walls You can use piles with a diameter of 108 mm, with heavy ones - 133 mm. Piles are produced in lengths from 1650 to 7000 mm. The length is chosen so that the blades rest on strong rocks and are located below the freezing depth of the soil.

When installing piles, they first dig pits about 40 cm deep. A pile is inserted into the pit and rotated clockwise using a special device. IN winter time leader wells are pre-drilled. After all the piles are installed, they are connected by beams.

Garage walls

Foam concrete garage

First, it’s worth understanding what foam concrete is? Foam concrete is concrete with bubbles inside. It would be more correct to say, not just concrete, but cellular concrete. It is created from four components: a solution, a mixture of sand, water and a foam-forming component.

The material is light, strong and at the same time has good heat-retaining properties. The block size is 20*30*60 cm. That is, one block is equal, in volume, to fifteen bricks. Cost about 100 rubles. for 1 foam block

What is the advantage of building a garage from foam blocks?

The main advantages that can be highlighted:

Speed of construction, relative to the brick walls of the garage. Foam blocks are easy to saw and sand.
Light weight. The possibility of erecting walls with one hand, i.e. on one's own.
The cost of wall material is much cheaper than brick or other traditional materials.
Resistant to mold and not rotting.

Difficulty in finishing, requires special fastening material.

How to build a garage wall from foam blocks?

Installation of foam blocks is quite simple. We dilute special glue. It is sold in bags of 10 or 25 kg. We dilute according to the manufacturer's instructions, but as a rule, it is about 5-6 liters per 25 kg of dry mixture. The thickness of the glue layer is up to 5 mm, but with high-quality material you can achieve a seam within 2-3 mm.

We place the foam block on the foundation, coat the “bottom and side” and place the next block along the pre-tensioned guide thread. Cutting a block is easy; you need to take a regular hacksaw, although a special device is used for the guide - a metal corner. To apply glue, you can also purchase a special “spatula”. The entrance partition where the future gate will be installed is reinforced with timber or double board. You need to do the same with windows, if you have them in your project.

Frame garage

The technology for constructing frame walls came to us relatively recently from the West. But Russian masters have already mastered it completely and appreciated it. To build walls, you will need the following materials: timber 100*200 or 200*200 for the bottom frame of the foundation. Board 150*50 for the wall frame and top trim. Board 100*50 for jibs. Floorboard of your choice, but not less than 40 mm thick.

The advantages of such construction:

Fast installation. If all the materials are available, the walls can be erected in 2-3 days alone.
Low cost. Savings on construction. A cubic meter of 150*50 boards is enough to install the frame.

At low costs for insulation, freezing of the “pie” of walls.
Not very strong, you should choose a lighter roof.

How to build a frame garage with your own hands?

First, the “bottom” is assembled, that is, we make the bottom trim and fill the floor. Next, we assemble the walls and lift them with the help of helpers or a winch/lever system. Align and execute top harness. We cut in the jibs. Next, we wrap the outside with a vapor barrier material such as “isospan” and pad the outside to taste. This can be OSB, plywood, boards for further upholstery with siding. Inside, we place insulation, mineral wool or foam plastic between the boards, and also wrap it with vapor barrier material. The walls are ready for interior finishing of the garage.

This type of construction is the longest and most expensive, but capital and durable. The walls of the garage are usually built one and a half bricks long. That is, the thickness of the wall will be equal to the length of the brick plus another half. You can, of course, build it with one brick. Suitable for a garage. Quite a lot of cement mortar will be required. For 400 bricks - 1 m3, you will need from 0.18 to 0.22 m3 of mortar. You will also need iron for a reinforcing belt, which must be built horizontally into the masonry every 5-10 rows.

High strength
High heat resistance
Available various options external and internal finishing.
Durable, does not rot

High cost of construction
Very long construction
Masonry skills required

A cinder block is a block consisting of cement, water and slag. The slag can contain screenings from the production of concrete, sawdust, etc. The blocks are cast in a mold, pressed and then dried. The main advantage of cinder block is cost. Such blocks are at least 1.5-2 times cheaper than foam or gas silicate blocks. But in terms of heat loss, cinder blocks can compare with them.

Low cost of materials. Cheap blocks are laid with glue.
Good heat resistance.
Speed of construction.

Fear of moisture.
Release of harmful and radioactive substances. Not suitable for residential premises.
Fragility.
Insufficient durability up to 25-30 years.

Sawdust cinder block option - .

Garage roof

A garage is a second home for a car enthusiast. We can spend a lot of time here, so it is important that your beloved car is stored in a warm, dry and comfortable room. Its condition will largely depend on the quality of the roof. There are many roofing materials on the market. Their choice depends on the structural features of the garage and the financial capabilities of the owner. Slate, metal, and tiles are used for roofing, but, most often, the roof is made of roofing material and corrugated sheets.

Roof made of roofing felt

This material is often used for garage roofing because it is affordable and practical and has good waterproofing properties. It is resistant to temperature changes, sunlight and precipitation. The coating does not require complex maintenance, and roof repairs usually do not pose any difficulties. To make roofing felt, roofing cardboard treated with special bitumen is used, which is then coated with a refractory compound.

When covering a roof with roofing felt, you need to make a reliable rafter system and sheathing with frequent spacing. To prevent the roofing material from tearing, it is better to make the sheathing continuous, using plywood sheets or OSB. This increases the cost of the roof and the power of the rafter system, but allows you not to worry about the roof in winter when ice and snow appear.

Types of roofing felt and rules for its installation

Before starting roofing work, the roof surface must be thoroughly cleaned of old flooring. Laying is carried out only in dry weather, otherwise there will be no sealing on the wet surface, and rot may form under the roofing felt. Today, three types of roofing felt are used for roofing:

Traditional

Before laying, the roofing material must be rolled out and left for a day. After cleaning and leveling, mastic made from bitumen and filler is applied to the roof with a brush or roller. Laying is done using a burner, heating sheets of roofing material and mastic, and then rolling with a roller. Lay the roofing material in several layers (at least two) parallel to the ridge, starting from the bottom and leaving 20 cm as a margin. This part is then wrapped under the visor. The first layer of roofing felt without crumbs. Each subsequent layer is laid with a shift of 20 cm after the previous one has completely cooled. The top layer should have stone chips.

Self-adhesive

This is a new generation of roofing felts that do not need to be laid gas burner. The self-adhesive lower surface of the roofing material is protected with a special film. Before laying, carefully remove the film without waiting for the bottom layer to dry. Ruberoid is laid on the roof and pressed tightly against the roof. Lay the covering with an overlap of up to 15 cm, avoiding air bubbles.

Euroroofing material

It differs from traditional coating in improved physical characteristics– increased strength, ductility, resistance to aging and temperature changes. The top layer of the material is covered with basalt or granite chips, and the bottom one - with a special anti-adhesive film. It protects the roll from gluing, and when heated it serves as an indicator. When the film melts, it indicates that the euroroofing material is warm enough for installation.

Corrugated roof

Profiled sheets are called profiled steel sheets, coated with layers of galvanization and protective polymers. The profile gives the sheets the necessary lateral rigidity and comes in different heights and configurations. For roofing, profiled sheets marked NS or N with a profile height of 20 cm or more are used.

Hot-dip galvanizing and coating of profiled metal with paints and varnishes polymer compounds protects metal from corrosion and damage, and a wide range of polymer colors provides visual appeal.

Among the advantages of corrugated roofing, the following qualities should be highlighted:

relatively low cost not only of the material itself, but also of installation work;
strength and rigidity of a corrugated roof, resistance to any weather conditions;
low weight of profiled sheets and, as a result, ease and speed of installation;
durability of the material, resistance to sunlight, the polymer layer does not become chipped and cracked over time;
safety and environmental friendliness, fire-resistant properties;
external attractiveness.

Due to the light weight of the material, laying sheets of corrugated sheets on the garage roof makes it easier to design the rafter system. Roofing from corrugated sheets can be installed year-round; the sheets can be easily cut at any angle, leaving virtually no unnecessary waste. Its disadvantages include the need to use special equipment during installation and relatively expensive roof maintenance.

The sheets of corrugated sheets are laid overlapping on two waves, fixing them with special roofing screws with rubber gaskets. Unlike slate, self-tapping screws are always screwed into the sheathing into the recess of the wave, which is much easier to do. The horizontal overlap of adjacent sheets of corrugated sheets depends on the angle of inclination of the garage roof. It is:

with a roof slope angle of 13-14° - at least 200 mm;
with a tilt of 15°-30° - 150-200 mm;
if the roof slope is more than 30°, the overlap can be 100-150 mm.

When the roof slope angle is less than 12°, all horizontal and vertical overlaps of corrugated sheets must be sealed using silicone sealant. The profiled sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws measuring 4.8x35 mm, and the ridge is fastened with self-tapping screws, the length of which is 80 mm. When installing a roof made of corrugated sheets, it is imperative to make vapor and waterproofing of the roof, and also to provide gaps that will ensure ventilation of the under-roof space.

Roof waterproofing

The roof is the structural element of the building that should protect the contents of the garage from external influences. To guarantee its integrity and durability, many factors are important, including: To fully perform its functions, roof waterproofing must have a number of properties, such as:

Moisture resistant. The material should retain water and water vapor well and prevent the formation of fungi and mold in the under-roof space.
Elasticity. The waterproofing layer must be resistant to elastic deformation. Even under minor loads, lack of elasticity can lead to destruction of the material.
Thermal resistance. This property prevents cold air from entering the garage through the roof and helps maintain a certain temperature in the building.
Strength. The waterproofing layer must resist deformation processes and withstand various external loads.

Experts offer two optimal options for waterproofing roofs in garages.

Membrane systems for roofs

This is a waterproofing material 1-2 mm thick, which consists of several layers hermetically glued together. The length of the fabric reaches 60 m, the width is from 0.9 m. The membrane fabric is resistant to UV rays, is not afraid of temperature changes, and its natural aging period is less than 50 years. The diffusion properties of polymer membrane waterproofing prevent the accumulation of moisture under the sheet and help solve two main problems: not letting moisture in from the outside and preventing the accumulation of steam inside the garage.

The membrane sheet is mechanically fixed to the base of the roof. Using special equipment using hot air, the seams are heated and the overlapping fabrics are tightly welded. The material on the base of the roof is laid loosely to ensure good ventilation. When insulating the roof, a separating layer of geotextile and basalt insulation is laid as thermal insulation.

For waterproofing garage roofs small sizes use polymer liquid formulations mastic, which is applied directly to the roof with a special sprayer, brush or roller. Mastic can be used to cover any structure, regardless of the base material and its shape, for example, metal, reinforced concrete or wooden roofs.

Mastic waterproofing perfectly resists the rays of the sun and any weather conditions, including frost. At the same time, the film retains its elasticity, does not deform or melt, and is not afraid of vibration and chemicals. After applying the mastic, vulcanization occurs and a rubber-like coating is formed that fills all cracks in hard-to-reach places.

Rafter system

For a garage, erecting a single-pitch or gable roof is quite sufficient. The rafter systems of such roofs are made of coniferous wood.

A shed roof is made without a ridge, struts and posts for buildings with spans of 6-8 m. It is considered the most convenient rafter system for garages, extensions, etc. Installation is quite simple: a rafter system with supports is constructed, which is fastened on top with a sheathing located perpendicularly rafters. The reliability of the entire roof depends on the strength of the resulting frame.

A gable roof is made when you want to have an attic space or when you have a large garage area. The frame of such a roof consists of several pairs rafter legs, connected at the top point into a ridge. The lower supports of the rafters are the walls of the garage on which the Mauerlat is installed. Slings are attached to it with anchors or other devices.

Rafter systems of pitched roofs are divided into layered and hanging. Their frames consist of triangular-shaped elements, which allows them to maintain rigidity. In the first case, the structure has several points of rigid attachment with racks resting on an additional main wall or columnar supports. Hanging systems they have no intermediate supports and cover spans of more than 7 m. The only support point for the rafters is the garage wall. The second end of the rafter beam docks at the top of the roof with the counter rafter.

The construction of any garage ends with a roof, which should provide comfortable conditions inside the building. Your task, using your accumulated experience, is to choose the best roofing option for your building, to build a strong and stable roof that will protect from rain and wind, retain heat and be impermeable to dampness.

Consider wooden rafter systems, which are suitable for installing a roof for a garage whose walls are made of foam concrete, using frame technology, cinder block, brick walls. Wooden rafters lightweight, but at the same time strong enough to withstand the load of snow and winds. By type, garage rafter systems can be divided into single-pitched - the slope is carried out in one direction, as a rule, in front higher than back side. And gable - that is, sloped in both directions from the middle. It’s easier, of course, to install a pitched roof, but the appearance will be ordinary without beauty. Although, this is not an acquired taste.

We will need boards, ideally a 150x50 edged board for the rafters and a 100x25 board, also known as an “inch”, for installing the sheathing.

The angle of inclination of a shed roof for a garage will vary depending on the material with which the roof will be covered. For example, for metal tiles this figure is 25-30 degrees, and for slate 35-40. If you make a “simple” roof from roofing felt or, as they also say, cover the roof with roofing felt, then the slope needs to be at least 40 degrees and the sheathing must be continuous.

The assembly procedure is as follows: we make a rise from a board or timber, we lay 150x50 boards along the entire garage at a distance of 50-100 cm. Then we cover it with a vapor barrier film on a stapler and on top perpendicular to the rafters, stuffing the sheathing at least at intervals of 10-20 cm.

Gable roof garage

We will need 150x50 mm boards for the rafters. It is worth deciding on the angle of the roof. Much depends on weather and climatic conditions. If there is a lot of wind, then an angle of 15-20 degrees will be optimal. If it is rainy and snowy, then you should slightly increase the angle to 25-30 degrees. So, we have decided on the angle of the roof. Next, let's start making the rafters. We cut them at the chosen angle and fasten them in the ridge. We fix it with plates on both sides. Next, we make cuts for stability and place them on the top trim.

The number of rafters for a 5-meter garage must be calculated based on a distance of 600-1200 mm. It all depends on the chosen roofing material and its severity. Next, we cover it with wind protection and begin to nail down the sheathing. If the roof is planned to be covered with roofing material, the sheathing must be continuous. This can be OSB or plywood sheets.

Stammer

Garage near the house with block house cladding

You have decided to build a house for your car, but are short on funds, how can you make sure that the garage is spacious, well-built, and has enough finances? In this article we will tell you which material is cheaper to build a garage from, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each type.

What do manufacturers offer?

The building consists of the following structures:

Foundation.
Walls.
Roof.
Gates.
Finishing.

We will analyze each item separately and try to select the most economical type of material for each structure.

Foundation

A strip base is usually installed under the garage (see).

It is made from several types of material:

Prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks.

The advantages of such a foundation are speed of installation, strength and reliability. They can also be used to lay out a basement in a garage or a viewing hole. But the price of the blocks is quite high; in order to deliver and install them, you will have to hire expensive equipment, specialists in working with a crane and installing reinforced concrete.

This option is good when used blocks are available, a friend works on a crane and is ready to help for a nominal fee, and the owner of the construction site has the skill and experience of installation work.

Concrete poured into installed formwork with mandatory reinforcement.

In this case, you will only have to spend money on cement and sand-gravel mixture; any formwork is used suitable material: used boards, panels, plywood, metal sheets, that is, everything that may be at hand. For reinforcement, you can also find used reinforcement, mesh or any metal profile; pieces or scraps that are tied together into a single structure will do.

You can make a concrete mixture manually or using a small (0.5 m3) mortar mixer, which one of your garage neighbors or friends will probably have. Of course, this option will take some time and effort, but, as they say, “your own work doesn’t count” if you need to save on materials and work.

Brick or foam, cinder blocks.

To make such a foundation yourself, you need some experience and knowledge of brickwork, and hiring a specialist will cost a lot. In addition, the surface of blocks or bricks will require mandatory multi-layer waterproofing against moisture penetration and protection of the material from destruction.

So, based on the above, we conclude that the most cost-effective foundation for a garage is a “ribbon” of concrete mixture, made and poured with your own hands.

Walls

The garage is a lightweight building, and this structure experiences minor loads - roofing and precipitation, so powerful, thick walls are not needed here.

If the garage is adjacent to the house, then you can save on one wall, the main thing is to correctly connect the two buildings. We will not develop this topic here; instructions for connecting a garage to a house are available on any construction site.

Let's talk about inexpensive materials from which you can build walls:

Dimensions of the building (cottage, garage, bathhouse, etc.)
Wall perimeter, m
Wall height, m
Windows and doors
Entrance door, pcs.
Door width, m
Door height, m
Windows, number of pcs.
Width of one window, m
Height of one window, m
Select building material and masonry
Type of material Expanded clay concrete blocks, masonry 0.5 blocks, wall 20 cm. Expanded clay concrete blocks, masonry in 1 block, wall 40 cm. Cinder blocks, 0.5 block masonry, 20 cm wall. Cinder blocks, 1 block masonry, 40 cm wall. Brick cladding, thickness 0.5 bricks or 12 cm. Cladding made of thickened brick, wall thickness 0.5 bricks

So, now you know how many expanded clay blocks or cinder blocks are needed for your building. Now, using simple calculations on a regular electronic calculator, you can find out the total amount of money for all the blocks needed for a cottage or garage.
But these materials are very hygroscopic, so you will have to line the outside of the garage to protect it from weather conditions, which will require additional costs.

Brick (see).

A self-sufficient material that does not require additional cladding, construction from it is durable, strong and reliable, the light weight and compactness of the material is also an advantage, but construction will take some time, perhaps longer than we would like. In addition, the cost of brick is probably the highest compared to others, and construction will require skill and special skills.

Blocks made of foam, gas and slag concrete.

Thanks to the dimensions of the material, construction time is reduced, the building will be light, warm, durable, the cost of the blocks is affordable, and transportation will not be difficult. In addition, the mass of walls made of foam blocks does not require a powerful foundation, in this case you can save a little on the foundation.

Metal.

From sheet steel it is possible if the owner has the skills welding work, or there is an opportunity to hire a specialist. A frame garage with metal cladding will cost less than one made of brick or foam block.

Disadvantage metal garage is high thermal conductivity, in other words, it will be very cold in winter, the walls will require insulation or the installation of a heating device. If this factor does not matter, then the best material for building a garage is sheet steel.

Precast concrete.

Walls made of reinforced concrete panels are quickly installed, the work can be completed in a day. You either buy slabs (used ones are fine, but without visible defects), or pour them yourself. In this case, you will have to spend money on cement and a sand-gravel mixture), the concrete is prepared using a small concrete mixer.

A precast concrete garage is strong, durable, and with some insulation it will be comfortable in any weather. Although installation will require the use of a crane or manipulator, if you work efficiently, you can significantly save on costs.

Beam or board.

A frame structure made of wood will be quite inexpensive, but the high fire hazard of such a building makes you think about the need to build a garage from this material.

It is not easy to unequivocally answer the question of what material is best to build a garage, and in particular walls. All materials offered can be purchased at affordable price, they are great for building a building, it all depends on your capabilities.

Important! If you are familiar with the work of a bricklayer, then a garage made of brick or foam concrete is what you need. If you have a familiar crane operator, then it is easier to pour and install the wall panels. And the ability to hire a welder or the ability to hold an electrode will help you make garage walls from metal.

Roof

It can be of two types: single-slope and double-slope; we will not talk about a more complex and expensive configuration, since our question is to build a garage at minimal cost.

The ceiling is made of hollow slabs or timber, the ceiling is hemmed with boards or plywood. For rafters, take a board at least 40 mm thick, for sheathing - a board 25–30 mm (in order to save money, you can use unedged, but you will have to remove the wane, otherwise the wood will quickly rot).

Such a roof will help solve the issue of insulation; the floor in the attic can be covered with slag, which is the most inexpensive and accessible insulation material. The roofing material for a gable roof can be corrugated sheet or ordinary asbestos-cement slate, proven over the years, an inexpensive, practical and durable material.

For the ceiling, reinforced concrete slabs are used, which are laid directly on the walls with a slight slope to drain rain and snow water. Here the ceiling also serves as a roof. The joints are caulked with mortar or filled polyurethane foam, a cement screed 50 mm thick is placed on the surface for leveling.

Roofing materials for garage with pitched roof Usually they use rolled, welded ones, although to save money you can buy roofing felt, but this is a rather short-lived material, prone to rapid destruction, cracking, etc. Here it is better not to save money and buy more modern weldable materials, for example, TechnoNIKOL.

So, if you choose from these two types of roofing, it is clear that a shed roof will cost 10–15% less.

Gates

The most cost-effective will be conventional metal swing gates, they are reliable, strong and perfectly perform the necessary protective functions. It is enough to paint them twice with metal paint for exterior use.

Finishing

Depending on what material the garage is built from, the interior and exterior decoration depends. Usually no one goes to great lengths when decorating a garage, but it still doesn’t hurt to do the most necessary things.

Brick does not require special finishing; the outside is usually left in its original form, and the inside of the wall can simply be coated with water-based paint.
Block garage requires exterior finishing, it can be planed boards, lining, siding or simple plaster- whatever you can afford, it wouldn’t hurt to plaster the inside with one layer and also cover it with water-based emulsion or lime.
The metal garage is painted with wear-resistant paint both outside and inside.

Conclusion

To find out for yourself what to build a garage from at the lowest cost, you must first calculate the building materials for the garage, starting with the foundation and ending with the roofing and finishing, and then select the most affordable materials.

Important! The cost of registering the building with the relevant authorities must be included in the estimate.

We hope that the thematic photos and videos we provide will help you in resolving this issue.

A garage is a necessary purchase for every car owner. It allows you to park your car in optimal conditions, provides protection from negative influences of all kinds, and allows you to carry out maintenance and repairs in comfortable and convenient conditions. Only by leaving your car in the garage, you don’t have to worry about the fact that it can be stolen, damaged, opened and valuables stolen, etc. No one will argue that having a garage is convenient, practical and pleasant. But buy a garage in modern economic conditions Not all car owners can.

In such a situation, you can try to build a garage yourself. But not all materials and types of construction provide truly significant savings. In any case, capital construction will not be cheap, since the materials themselves and the technologies used require significant investments. But among modern building materials and available technologies, you can choose those that will make the construction of an inexpensive and practical garage possible. Many craftsmen have been using such buildings for many years. In this article we will tell you how to build a garage cheaply and quickly with your own hands, what materials to choose for this and what technology to use. Choose what is right for you and build a modern and inexpensive garage for your car!

The widest range of modern construction market allows you to choose the optimal type of materials for any type of construction. You can choose among traditional options, for example, brick or wood, and among relatively new proposals, for example, corrugated sheets, sip panels, etc. We invite you to consider materials the best way suitable for the construction of an inexpensive, aesthetic and practical garage.

The first thing that comes to mind when it comes to material for building a garage is brick. Indeed, most often permanent garages are built from this material. Of course, the properties of this material are excellent: it is strong and beautiful, reliable and durable, and allows you to create high-quality, worthy buildings. But not everyone can afford a brick garage, since its construction costs a decent amount. And the construction itself takes a lot of time. Therefore, if you want to build a garage quickly and without extra costs, then pay attention to more affordable materials:

Tree. This is one of the most traditional materials for the construction of buildings for a wide variety of purposes. Wood construction technologies have been honed and improved over centuries, and today they have reached the highest level of development. Among the excellent properties of this material are environmental friendliness, reliability, durability, ample opportunities for the embodiment of architectural ideas, etc. In rooms built of wood, special atmosphere, a pleasant microclimate is maintained and optimal humidity is maintained. Building with modern wooden materials is a pleasure! You can order at the manufacturer's factory ready set wooden elements according to your project with ready-made fastenings and connections. All you have to do is put the parts together to get a beautiful, reliable and high-quality garage. In some respects, wood is even superior to brick, and first of all, in terms of construction cost. Wood provides ample opportunities for the construction of cheap and high-quality buildings;
Cinder blocks. This material has gained wide popularity relatively recently. The main advantage of cinder blocks is their low cost and ease of use. Perhaps this material is not capable of providing sufficient quality for the construction of a residential building, but its properties are optimal for a garage. Among strengths cinder blocks have a long service life and a high degree of reliability. And for a garage these properties are the most important. Therefore, you can safely choose this material for constructing a garage;
Corrugated sheet. A universal option that has found wide application in solving various problems. They cover roofs with it, use it to build fences and fences, and also erect commercial buildings, including garages. You can build a garage from corrugated sheets on a finished foundation in a matter of days without outside help. The construction turns out to be neat, neat, reliable and practical.

These materials can be called the most suitable for independent budget construction of a garage. Next, we will talk about how to build a garage cheaply and quickly with your own hands; video instructions will help you understand the basic principles of working with each of these materials.

By choosing wood as the main material for constructing a garage, you are making a choice in favor of an aesthetic appearance, absolute safety for humans and environment, affordable cost, ease of processing and use. Wood makes excellent garages, but when planning such a construction, you should also know about special nuances, which distinguishes working with wood.

Two modern wood construction technologies are optimally suited for the construction of a garage. In the first case, an affordable rounded log is used, and in the second, frame technology is used. Buildings made from rounded logs are distinguished by a high degree of reliability. They are strong and beautiful. But construction using frame technology is more affordable. In this situation, you need to correlate your preferences, goals and objectives with the characteristics and features of a particular technology. This will help you choose the best option, suitable for you.

Features of constructing a garage made of wood

Construction work always begins with preparatory stage. It is very important to analyze your capabilities and requirements, choose the right place for construction, and think through the design of the future construction. You also need to decide whether your garage will stand alone or be attached to the house, whether it will have an inspection hole, a cellar and other elements. You also need to immediately decide on the type of gate and think through all other aspects down to the smallest detail. This is necessary so that future work can be carried out according to a clear, well-thought-out plan quickly and efficiently.

Once you have drawn up a project and thought through the order of work, you need to prepare the selected area for construction work. It needs to be leveled and the soil compacted. The evenness of the site affects the quality of the future structure.

On the prepared area, a strong and quality foundation for the garage. You will need to prepare trenches around the perimeter of the planned building, form the formwork, fill and compact a bed of gravel and sand.

The most important stage is strengthening the base. For this, metal rods are used, which are laid on top of a sand and gravel cushion. After this, the base can be filled with solution. The foundation gains strength in about three weeks. After this period, you can proceed to other work. The first thing that needs to be built is a lower reinforcing belt made of 50x100 mm timber.

Keep in mind that untreated wood has no protection against moisture, fungus and pests. Therefore, before construction, all wooden elements must be treated with antiseptic compounds.

To construct the frame, you will need timber, which is convenient for making gate posts and leaves, as well as 50x100 mm boards, suitable for all other parts of the building. On the bottom harness, the step should be no more than 120 cm.

Corner struts that will support the harness will help to further strengthen and strengthen the structure. As a result, the foundation of the building will be strong, stable, and reliable. It is important to carry out all work as accurately as possible from the very beginning, since mistakes at the initial stages will certainly make themselves felt later.

In wood construction technology, the most costly and complex stages are the installation of the foundation and the creation of the frame. The frame requires more quality material, and more time and maximum accuracy. And you can even make the cladding from ordinary boards or lining. It won't take much time and won't require any special skills from you. Finishing a wooden garage can be done using almost any materials. Do not forget about the need for high-quality hydro- and vapor barrier. For this you can use polypropylene or polyethylene film.

There is nothing complicated about building a wooden garage. You will need a little patience and basic knowledge in the field of construction.

Cinder block garages are quite common these days. If you decide to build such a garage, then you need to know that cinder blocks are different:

Blast furnace cinder block. It has good properties and a long service life;
From a brick fight;
Shell rock.

Sometimes cinder blocks are made with the addition of polystyrene, perlite and other components that can improve the performance properties of this material.

For the construction of a garage, cinder blocks could be called an excellent material, if not for one of its drawbacks - moisture absorption. Due to the penetration of water into the material, it quickly deteriorates and loses its properties. Therefore, it is best to choose cinder blocks for construction on dry ground. In such conditions, buildings made of cinder blocks can last up to 50 years, maintaining their properties. If underground water is found on the territory of future construction, then it is better to refuse to use cinder blocks, since there is no treatment or other reliable way prevent water penetration.

Don’t forget to also take into account the classification of cinder blocks by configuration. They are full-bodied and hollow. The first type is intended for the construction of walls. The second can be used to construct foundations. If you use blocks for other purposes, your construction may turn out to be of poor quality and unreliable.

Features of construction from cinder blocks

Just as in the case of constructing a wooden garage, construction from cinder blocks begins with preparation: the area is cleared, leveled, compacted, and a project is developed and detailed plan works

Wooden building requires the construction of a poured foundation, whereas cinder blocks require solid foundation no need. For a garage made of cinder blocks, the best option would be. To install it, it is necessary to remove the top layers of soil and prepare a trench. Its depth should reach 50 cm and width - 45 cm. After this, a layer of sand and broken brick is laid at the bottom of the trench. After this, the foundation is filled with mortar.

There is another way to construct a strip foundation. After preparing the trench, it is lined with a layer of moistened sand. This layer makes the base stronger and more resistant to temperature changes, moisture, etc. negative impacts. Then it strengthens the structure and fills it.

To gain strength strip base it takes about a month. After this, you can proceed to the construction of walls. But there is another way to make a strip foundation. This is the most simple technology, which differs in that instead of sand the trench is lined with rubble stone and immediately after that it is filled with mortar, grade 150 m higher.

When the base is ready, it is necessary to place hydro- and vapor barrier materials. The optimal choice for solving this problem is roofing felt, an affordable and time-tested material.

After this, work is carried out in the following order:

Construction of walls;
Floor installation;
Roof installation;
Gate installation.

Cinder blocks must be laid according to the same principle as brick. But in this case, the work will be done much faster and easier. There are two types of masonry - the spoon method, half a stone, and the butt method, one stone. They use masonry of two and one and a half stones. You should focus on your own skills and capabilities when choosing one or another type of masonry. Do not forget that the features of the masonry are reflected in the characteristics of the finished structure, its strength, resistance to negative factors, and durability. For example, a garage built in one stone will freeze at low temperatures, even if it is heated from the inside with several heaters. And the structure, laid in one and a half stones, will turn out to be quite warm and comfortable.

Laying walls starts from the corners. After this, a string is stretched between them, and the masonry continues along its level.

The final work during the construction of a garage made of cinder blocks is the installation of the necessary communications and finishing of the building from the inside.

Corrugated sheeting is a practical universal material. Fences and various outbuildings. Garages made from corrugated sheets are strong and reliable, have a pleasant appearance And good characteristics. But when planning the construction of garages from corrugated sheets, it is important to choose the material correctly. Do you want to build an inexpensive but reliable garage? Then choose corrugated sheeting, grade C or PS.

In order to do right choice, you need to understand the labeling of the material. It is performed using alphabetic and numerical designations. The material marked with the letter “C” is intended for walls. The number indicated on the material indicates its hardness. How higher figure, the higher the rigidity of the sheet. To build a garage, we recommend that you use material marked “C-20”.

Some sellers may recommend that you replace the C-20 with C-10 or C-8. We do not recommend making such a choice, because a garage made of this material, although it will be cheaper, will be short-lived and unreliable. In winter, thin sheets will quickly freeze, and it will be quite difficult to warm them up. This material also does not cope well with wind loads. These are all unsuitable properties for a good garage. Therefore, for construction you only need to take twenty. As for the thickness of the sheet, then optimal choice– 0.5 mm.

Features of building a garage from corrugated sheets

To build such a garage you need to purchase:

Concrete for the base and reinforcement to strengthen it;
Frame parts: timber, metal rods, corner;
Elements for gate installation;
Fasteners

As for the tools, for construction from corrugated sheets you will need:

Welding machine;
Screwdriver;
Metal scissors;
Bulgarian;
Jigsaw.

The first stage of construction of a garage from corrugated sheets is the installation of a foundation. For such a construction, the best solution would be to make a monolithic foundation. To do this, the upper layers of the earth are removed. Moistened sand is poured into the resulting pit. For the frame racks, it is necessary to provide special wells, which will also play the role of foundation racks. The wells must be driven into the ground to a depth of half a meter.

Thanks to these elements, the foundation will be stronger and more durable. It will cope well with ground movements.

After this, work is carried out according to standard scheme. Formwork is installed along the perimeter of the pit, reinforcing rods connected to each other with wire are attached to it. After this, frame racks are installed in the prepared wells.

Before this, the lower parts of the racks are treated with bitumen to prevent moisture penetration and reduce other harmful effects.

During the installation of racks, you must carefully monitor their level. They must stand strictly vertically. This needs to be checked regularly with a building level. After installing the racks, the base is poured with M300 concrete. For the construction of a garage from corrugated sheets, this choice will be optimal.

It is recommended to allow the foundation to gain strength for three weeks. Although some masters believe that moving to further work it is possible within a couple of days after pouring the base. But such a rush can lead to cracking of the foundation, which will completely disable it. So it’s better not to rush and wait the allotted time so as not to nullify all your efforts.

After the foundation gains strength, you can install metal carcass. First you need to prepare the pipes in sizes appropriate to the project. They can be cut with a grinder or jigsaw, and joined by welding. If you have previously had experience with welding, then to install the frame you will need less three days. If you are just learning this equipment, you can assemble the frame in a week. Be sure to check the dimensions of the material with the project to avoid annoying mistakes.

Horizontal elements are welded to the installed racks. Welding is carried out in three points. If you plan to make a wooden frame, then special fasteners must be welded to the racks. The beams are fastened together with self-tapping screws.

Sheets of corrugated sheets are also attached to self-tapping screws with a special rubber gasket. You can cut the material with a jigsaw. For this stage of work, it is advisable to enlist the help of two or three people. It is much easier to carry out sheathing with corrugated sheets as a team.

After assembling the frame, you need to think about installing the gate. This part of the construction is very important, since any inaccuracy can lead to the fact that the garage doors simply will not open. You can weld the gate frame from metal corners, and use corrugated sheets as cladding.

The optimal roofing option for an inexpensive garage is a shed roof. The material for the frame will be crossbars made of wood or metal, and lining will be suitable for the sheathing. When choosing roofing materials, be sure to consider the climate in your region. For southern places, you can use light sheathing. For colder areas, you need to pay closer attention to the creation of the roof, because it must be designed for strong winds, precipitation, snow, etc.

Now you have an idea of how to quickly and inexpensively build a garage. Choose the option that suits you and get started! We wish you good luck!

For true car enthusiasts, a car is not only a means of transportation, but also a reliable ally, friend and “fascinating designer.” The car is looked after, spark plugs and oil are changed, excellent fuel is added. But the highest manifestation of care is building a garage with your own hands. Such structures are rightly called the most reliable, since they were erected by scrupulous vehicle owners who know better than anyone what kind of “living space” is needed for their four-wheeled “iron friend.” In addition, money is saved from the family budget, since unnecessary materials are not purchased and various expensive services are not used.

Build a garage constructor in a few days

Paperwork

A self-made garage, which is built on a plot of land that is not intended for construction, is considered a self-construction from the point of view of legislation. The same applies to the situation when work is carried out on land that does not belong to the owner of the car. Permits for a finished building do not need to be issued if:

the garage is not permanent (metal and frame buildings);
the building was not erected for commercial purposes on a summer cottage or garden plot;
the building serves as an auxiliary structure.

All other options for unauthorized development are subject to legalization. A plot of land is also subject to registration, if such a procedure has not been carried out before.

Types of garages

Car shelters come in different designs. It all depends on financial capabilities, personal preferences and the available territory for development. A garage can be attached to the house from the end of a country house or residential building or behind it, or built under the house itself.

There are built-in garages with offset floors, but such an arrangement creates inconvenience during operation. Collapsible structures are available for sale. If desired, you can arrange a canopy. The cost of building a garage of this type is tolerable. This structure is the simplest, but at the same time an unreliable option.

But the most popular are detached garages, which are best located closer to the entrance to the land plot, so as not to build access roads through the entire territory, which “eat up” valuable square meters. The garage can be located on the building line of the site so that the garage doors go directly to the street. Similar buildings are permanently made of brick with a gable or flat roof, part of a utility unit or prefabricated metal structures.

Construction of a garage on your site

The long-awaited time has come to begin construction of the garage. Like any other job, building a car shelter will bring a lot of trouble, but also a lot of pleasure, and it will also allow you to save a lot. After looking at the photos of the garage construction, you will get a lot of positive emotions. And the result will not disappoint you!

Garage project

The beginning of any construction project is the project. You don't necessarily need to use a roll of drawings, but if you intend to create something truly worthwhile, it's worth drawing and describing the object first.

First of all, at the design stage you need to determine the following:

Problems that the garage will solve. Decide whether the shelter will serve solely as a parking place for the car, or whether repair work will also be carried out in it? Maybe you need an inspection hole? Write down all your wishes on paper.
Shelter height dimensions. These parameters are determined based on the characteristics and size of the site on which the garage will be built, and on the tasks that it will solve.

If you only need it for parking a car, an area of 3 by 6 meters will suffice (if your car is not a Hummer). In such a room you can freely place a car up to 2 meters wide and 4.5 meters long. Along the garage there will be 50 centimeters on both sides for opening the doors and convenient exit from the car, and in front of it there will be space for parking.

The height of the garage must be made sufficient for the passage of a car - 1.5 - 1.9 meters. But it is better to tie this indicator to the size of the gate, which has a height of 2-2.5 meters. If you are not the owner of a prestigious foreign car, which is up to 5 meters long and up to 1.9 meters wide, the size of the garage should be increased.

If you plan to place an additional cellar and workbench, the dimensions, of course, should be increased further. However, in a large garage it is convenient to repair and maintain a car, and on racks and shelves you can place tools, utility utensils and seasonal tires. When constructing a shelter for two cars, in addition to the parking space between vehicles, it is necessary to provide an additional distance of at least 70 centimeters.

Selecting a location

To choose a place to build a garage, it is recommended to develop a master plan for the land plot and place all the estate’s buildings on it, taking into account fire safety and sanitary and hygienic standards. It is also necessary to take into account the location of the garage relative to the boundaries of the land plot and the house, as well as the convenience of access to the garage.

The garage can be placed on the building line and in the depths of the site, if the doors, when opened, do not interfere with the movement of cars along the roadway; at a distance of 1 meter from the neighboring plot of land, if water does not fall on it, flowing from the roof of the garage.
The entrance to the garage, according to accepted sanitary standards, should be located at least 10 meters from the windows of neighboring houses.

Fire safety standards also dictate their requirements: it is recommended to place a detached garage no closer than 9 meters from the house and no closer than 15 meters from buildings finished with polymer materials.

At this stage, it is necessary to transfer the sketches on a sheet of paper to the real area. This stage requires a dozen pegs that are about forty centimeters long, a heavy hammer, a tape measure of five meters, possibly more, and a nylon cord. To link the garage to the terrain, you should determine the point at which one corner of the garage will be located, and the position of the shelter for the car relative to this point in space.

Construction materials

When building a garage with your own hands, you can use various building materials:

brick is the most familiar and very common material, the construction in this case is quite reliable;
reinforced concrete allows you to build reliable garage, which will be collapsible, you can dismantle such a structure at any time;
slag concrete costs less than brick, but is more labor-intensive to work with, and the safety of the shelter is lower;
metal allows you to build a structure quite quickly, and the cost of building a garage is not exorbitant, since it does not require high costs to lay the foundation;
wood is not the most suitable material for constructing a garage; it is not reliable and requires constant care.

Excavation and foundation

When building a garage excavation performed manually. Trench under monolithic foundation you need to dig at least 40 centimeters wide. Depending on the level of soil freezing in a certain region, the depth is chosen to be 0.6 - 1.2 meters. As a rule, a meter depth is enough.

Make the bottom of the trench not loose, that is, the soil should be selected up to a layer with natural density. Use a shovel to work the walls so that they are vertical and level. There are a huge number of options for garage foundations. But we will focus on a rubble concrete foundation, which is quite simple and relatively inexpensive.

A rubble concrete foundation is made simply: it is customary to lay rubble stone in rows in a trench, and pour each row cement mortar until the trench is filled to the very top. To fill the rubble, take a solution of at least grade 150. To do this, mix Portland cement grade 400 with sand, based on the calculation of 2.5 buckets of sand per bucket of cement. Pour water until the required mobility of the solution is achieved, near the bucket.

Garage basement

Along the perimeter of the trench for the construction of the plinth, formwork should be installed from boards about 10 centimeters wide. It is customary to set the formwork by level. If you have an uneven site, then take the highest place as a basis, add ten centimeters to the level of the base and mark the horizon from there.

Along the base it is necessary to install horizontal waterproofing from several layers of roofing material that are laid dry. Waterproofing is needed to prevent the garage walls from absorbing capillary moisture from the ground. Before construction of the garage and walls begins, it is necessary to install garage doors, which will be fixed into the masonry as the wall is built.

Garage Doors

The gate must be reliable and easy to use. They come in swing, sectional, roller and lift-and-turn types. The gate can open automatically or mechanically. The first option is preferable, since the product is opened using the control panel without leaving the car. However, it is worth considering a manual mode in case of a lack of electricity.

Make the frame of the gate leaves from wooden blocks that are 90-100 mm wide and 50 mm thick. Paint the outside of the frame and nail 6mm plywood onto the wet paint. Turn the workpiece over and fill the empty cavity between the bars with insulation directly onto the fresh paint to prevent the insulation from sliding down.

After this, you should paint the frame on the other side and nail plywood or hardboard, also pre-painted over the entire surface. The result will be a warm sandwich of plywood, insulation and hardboard. Garage door leaves must be hung with three metal hinges in such a way that the leaf fits tightly into the quarter, which is selected in the door block.

To increase the strength of the connection with the wall, embedded parts are welded to the gate frame - round rods with a diameter of 10-12 millimeters. When laying, the rods must be sealed in the seams. The gate is installed vertically, checking with a plumb line or level. Check the vertical position along the gate frame, left and right. You can move the gate with a small crowbar or with flat stones placed under the corners.

Walls in the garage

After installing the garage door, you need to start laying the walls, lay cinder block (foam concrete or brick) with a wall width of 200 millimeters using a “brick” - ordinary chain laying: the next row should overlap the seams of the previous row. Laying should start from the corners. Next, you should stretch a thin cord between them, and lay the remaining blocks along this cord. Then we raise the corners and the process repeats.

It is recommended to check the verticality of the walls with a plumb line, paying special attention to the verticality of the corners. Use a level to check the rows are horizontal. Make sure there is an appropriate slope to ensure proper drainage of rainwater. End walls For this purpose, make the garage at different heights, making the upper edge of the side wall with a slope.

The slope must be arranged based on the differences in height: for every meter 5 centimeters. For example, with a garage length of 6 meters, the total difference will reach 30 centimeters. To ensure an even slope, pull the cord to guide you.

In addition, it is recommended to take care of scaffolding, which is necessary when laying walls higher than 1.5 meters. You can make scaffolding from anything - old door panels, boards, provided that they can easily support the weight of one person, several buckets of mortar and 5 - 6 building blocks. The total weight is about 170 - 200 kilograms.

Mortar for laying garage walls is mixed at the rate of one bucket of cement marked 400 per 4.5 buckets of sand. Do not make the solution too liquid; it should reach the consistency of thick sour cream. To make the solution more plastic and not delaminate, add about half a bucket of ordinary clay or lime paste to it.

Make the wall height on the gate side about 2.5 meters. The height of the wall into which the slope goes should be about 2 meters. If necessary, the height of the walls can be safely increased to 3, even 4 meters, but the masonry in this situation must be reinforced metal mesh every 4 - 5 rows.

Ceiling and roof

The garage floor can be made using metal beams with plank lining. To cover, you need to stock up on steel beams with a height of 100 - 120 millimeters. Such beams can cover a garage that is up to 6 meters wide. Choose the length of the beams 20 - 25 centimeters longer than the width of the garage so that they extend into the wall by at least 10 centimeters.

The beams need to be laid across the garage, parallel to the shortest wall in increments of 80 centimeters. It is recommended to lay the beams and seal them in long wall, and then repeat its slope. After this, proceed to sewing the ceiling. Lay 40 mm thick boards along the bottom flanges of the beams, trying to move them as tightly as possible.

Place roofing felt on top of the boards, rolling the roll across the garage so that the edges bend 10 centimeters upward. Fill the roofing felt with slag, expanded clay or semi-rigid mineral slab. The roof at the front and rear should protrude beyond the garage wall by at least 20 centimeters in order to protect the wall from water. The canopies are made from boards, running beams under the top shelf.

On top of the slag, make a screed from cement mortar, which is prepared in the same proportion as for masonry. The thickness of the screed is in ideal at least 20 mm, and better if it reaches 30 - 35 millimeters. The screed must be done without allowing strong bumps and depressions. In this form, the garage roof will absorb moisture, leaking even with light rain.

To avoid such situations, it is worth covering the roof with a waterproof material, using rolled roofing materials of the roofing material variety. Roofing material and all modifications (bicrost, aquaizol and rubemast) are usually glued to the roof using two methods: using bitumen mastic or by fusing.

Before gluing the roofing felt, it is recommended to treat the cement screed with a bitumen primer or primer, otherwise it will not stick. You can prepare the primer yourself: to do this, you need to mix molten bitumen and diesel fuel, or bitumen and used motor oil in a ratio of 1 to 3. It should be remembered that bitumen is poured into oil (diesel fuel), and not vice versa.

It takes two people to glue the roofing felt carpet. They begin gluing from the low part of the roof, moving up the slope, across the glue rolls, with an overlap of at least 10 centimeters. At the end and at the beginning of the roof, roofing material is usually overlapped onto the end board of the canopy. Before installation, the beams should be painted twice, the boards should be treated with an antiseptic and painted on both sides.

Floors and blind area

In the garage, it is customary to install the floor at the level of the plinth edge. Since a car will drive into the car shelter, the most stringent requirements are placed on the strength of the floor. high requirements. The material for the floor is concrete. The thickness of the layer reaches 8-10 centimeters. Before laying the concrete mass, the earthen base is thoroughly cleaned and leveled.

If backfilling is needed, it can be done with fine crushed stone, or with sand followed by compaction. For the floor, ready-made concrete M200 is ordered. Or they prepare the solution themselves based on the following proportion: 1 bucket of cement, 3 buckets of fine crushed stone and 2 buckets of sand. Take no more than a bucket of water.

To make the floor level, you need to tighten the laces, or level the beacons from the profile pipe. When installing a floor in a garage, it is customary to lay concrete in portions without interruption. If you decide to display beacons, then lay concrete between the beacons in strips. After laying, the concrete must be thoroughly rubbed and, if desired, reinforced.

Outside the garage you need to create a blind area 50 centimeters wide. They carry out the work similarly to the floor, first arranging a crushed stone base and laying concrete on top. The thickness of the concrete on the blind area should be about 4-5 centimeters. The blind area should have a slight slope directed away from the garage, since its purpose is to drain melt and rainwater from the walls.

Finishing and heating

The garage does not require special finishing, but it would not be superfluous to rub the walls with cement mortar, or even plaster them in one layer and whitewash them with lime. Insulating a car shelter is an open question, but no amount of insulation will save you in the winter cold without primitive heating equipment. Warming can be done using foam boards 5 centimeters thick, or semi-rigid mineral wool slabs.

Attached and built-in garages are usually warm because they are heated using the home boiler. Garage heating can be water or electric. You can also install oil convectors and infrared heaters. But in any case, the temperature in winter should be at least 5-6 degrees Celsius.

Remember that cars do not “live” for long in a room that is too warm. High temperatures promotes the formation of condensation on the body, leading to corrosion of car parts and shortening its service life.

Garage ventilation

Arrange good supply and exhaust ventilation in the garage, through which the smell of hot oils and gasoline, as well as exhaust gases, will be removed from the room, which will help dry the car and create normal air exchange, which for one car is 180 m3/h.

Effective ventilation implies 6-10 times air exchange. To ensure this, it is customary to use three modes of ventilation: combined, mechanical and natural. The most inexpensive and simplest way is natural air exchange. Install supply grilles at the bottom of the gate. Air will be removed from the garage through a deflector - a special exhaust device located at the end of the exhaust air duct.

The air duct in the garage is located near the wall opposite the gate. Similar design it works this way: heavy fresh air enters the garage by gravity through the supply grilles, displacing the less dense exhaust air. To ensure effective ventilation, the cross-section supply system should be 2 times larger than the exhaust cross-section. But the natural regime also has its drawbacks, because it depends on various external factors: the difference between internal and external temperatures, as well as wind pressure.

If an exhaust fan is installed in the garage, it turns out combined system ventilation. It is mounted in the air duct that passes through the roof of the garage, or into the wall. The disadvantages of such a system are permanent job exhaust fan, lack of filtration and heating of air that comes from the street.

Mechanical ventilation does not have the listed flaws, because in this case special devices of the exhaust and supply systems are responsible for the removal and supply of air. Supply ventilation consists of a filter, fan and heater. Air enters the system through the ventilation duct, is heated, filtered and enters the room through the air distributor. Exhaust air is removed through an exhaust fan.

Inspection hole

An inspection pit is considered a necessary part of the garage, since modern cars from time to time require Maintenance and repairs. For some car owners, the installation of an inspection hole is most likely a tribute to fashion and habit rather than a necessity.
But if you have decided to have a hole, then start work by marking it on the surface of the garage site. It is recommended to move the inspection hole 10-20 cm to the right relative to the central axis in order to increase it on the left side free place for moving the driver and setting up the workbench.

The length of the pit should be equal to the length of the car minus the width of the bumper. This is done so that you do not accidentally fall into an open hole with your foot. To repair the rear and front of the car, the car must be moved forward or backward.

Entrance to the pit better stairs not be equipped due to the risk of injury; in addition, there will always be increased humidity in the pit, and therefore wooden staircase will rot very quickly. Instead of a ladder, it is recommended to make several steps 30-35 centimeters wide and in increments of 30-40 centimeters. The steps must be filled with concrete with the walls of the pit.

The surface of the steps is good to use for tools during repairs; you can lean on them to create additional force when lifting heavy machine parts. It is advisable to frame the upper borders with a corner to protect them from destruction. The corners must be reinforced - weld metal bolts or rods on the side to rigidly fasten the inspection pit box in the concrete.

It is mandatory to install a limiting block along the edges of the contour of the pit; in this case, you need to make an oval on the outer side, which pushes the car away from the hole - when hitting it, the wheel will slide off the block to the outer side.

Then you can use different variants covering the pit with lids. The framing contour of the pit and the lid are made of shields, which consist of three to four boards that are 40 millimeters thick. To facilitate movement along the pit of the shields, balls are inserted into the lower part of the boards, which differ in diameter 15-20 millimeters.

Access to the garage

The road to the garage must be included in project documentation. The type of coating, on the one hand, must correspond to the style of the car shelter, on the other hand, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the soil, the groundwater level and the geology of the site. A lightweight version of masonry involves fastening bricks or tiles with mortar; some solutions involve backfilling with sand, gravel and drainage.

Finally, the access road needs to be linked into a single harmonious system with garden paths, taking into account the needs of the home owners, because such “transport highways” divide the personal territory into functional areas. It is also recommended to ensure stylistic compatibility of various coatings.

The driveway to the garage must have a hard and level surface, which can be made of concrete slabs, curly paving elements or asphalt. Such a solid base will protect the path from splitting under the weight of the machine. When building an access road to the garage, it is imperative to follow the technology for constructing the garage and the road, since without this, with the onset of spring, the path may swell and the tiles may move apart.

Thus, you already know how to build a car shelter with your own hands. To consolidate the material, watch a video about building a garage, after which you can stock up on the necessary materials and tools and get to work immediately!

A car is not just a means of transportation; for its owner it is a reliable friend, a favorite toy and even a soul mate.

They are lovingly taken care of, purchasing the necessary parts, care products, giving them regular washes, technical inspections, and, of course, how can they do without a house for it, i.e. garage.

If you are not constrained by finances, you can afford to buy a ready-made garage or hire professionals for construction, but the best and most reliable option is to build it yourself.

Permits

A garage built on one’s own without paperwork is considered an illegal structure (self-construction). The land for construction must also have appropriate documents.

But, in some cases, permits for construction are not required:

if this is not a capital building, but the construction of a frame garage;
if this is not a commercial project;
if it is an auxiliary building.

All other building options and the land plot must be legalized by completing documentation.

Types of garages

Garages vary depending on the owner's financial wealth, personal tastes and building site. A garage can be attached to the house or made instead of the first floor, or directly under the house.

A garage structure built instead of the first floor, the so-called built-in garage, is not very convenient. Nowadays, you can purchase structures that are assembled and disassembled, like a construction set. Or arrange a hanging structure in the yard.

The pricing policy for this option for garage construction is quite acceptable. But the structure itself is simple and unreliable.

The most common types of garages are considered to be separate buildings located near the entrance to the site in order to save precious square meters.

In this case, the garage door must face the street part. These structures can be of a permanent nature, built of brick with a roof, auxiliary - in the form of an outbuilding, or a prefabricated structure made of metal.

Construction of a garage on the site

Finally, the hot time has come to start construction, which will give you enough troublesome and pleasant moments, as well as good financial savings.

In the photo of constructing a garage on your own, you will see all the delights of such construction. But the result will undoubtedly be pleasant!

Project documentation

To begin any construction, a project is required, and the construction of a garage was no exception. You don't need a bunch of garage plans for this, but for a reliable and capital construction Some sketches and description are required.

At the beginning of the design, it is worth deciding on some details:

Note!

For what purposes will it be used: to shelter the car, as a repair shop, is a pit needed for inspecting the car. Write down your preferences on paper.
The size of the garage, which depends on its intended use, the characteristic features of the site and the size of the building area.

A 3x6 size is suitable for a garage, of course, unless you are the owner of a large SUV such as a Hummer. An ordinary car will easily fit in such an area, and there will be space on the sides for free opening of doors and passage and in front for parking.

The optimal height of the garage for a car to enter will be 150-190 cm, and the ideal height will be 200-250 cm. If you still have an SUV, the size of the garage should be made larger.

If you want to organize a cellar or benchtop, the garage area will also have to be increased. And no one will argue, because there should be a place for repairing and maintaining the machine, a place to place tools and accessories, and to store parts.

When building a building for two cars, think carefully about the details and take into account all dimensions when calculating the total area of the garage.

Location

When choosing a location, it is necessary to take into account the location of all existing buildings, fire safety standards and sanitary requirements. Also provide the entrance in advance.

Note!

It is convenient to arrange a garage along all buildings or inside the site so that open car doors do not create obstacles, no closer than 1 m from neighbors, so that water from the roof does not flood their land during rain.

When determining the location of the entrance to the garage, do not forget that the distance to neighboring windows should be at least 10 m.

According to fire safety requirements, the garage must be located at least 9 m from the house and at least 15 m from polymer buildings.

First, determine the location of the corner of the garage and the location of its shelter in relation to this point.

Necessary materials

Typically, to build a garage on your own, you use:

Note!

brick is the most popular and reliable material;
reinforced concrete, used for collapsible garages;
slag concrete is inferior in price and reliability to brick, but makes the work labor-intensive;
metal, for quick construction of the structure and an affordable option;
wood, not suitable for building a garage.

Preparing the ground and laying the foundation

Work to prepare the site for development is carried out using a shovel. A 40 cm wide trench is dug under the foundation. The depth of the trench depends on the climate of your region, but generally up to 1 m.

The bottom of the trench should be lightly compacted, and the walls should be leveled with a shovel. There are quite a few types of foundations, but in our case it will be a rubble concrete option, simple and inexpensive.

It is easy to do: rubble stone is placed in the trench in layers, and a cement solution is poured between them, and so on until the top of the trench.

You can make the solution yourself: mix cement 400 in the amount of 1 bucket with 2.5 buckets of sand, about 1 bucket of water.

Construction of the basement

Formwork is installed along the entire length of the trench along the level using boards 10 cm wide. On an uneven area, the horizon is marked from the highest point plus 10 cm to the basement level.

Do not forget about multi-layer waterproofing made of roofing felt so that the walls of the building are not saturated with moisture. Before starting to lay the walls, you need to install gates to secure them as the walls are built.

Gates

The most important thing in choosing a gate is its reliability and ease of use. They can be hinged, sectional, in the form of roller shutters, or lift-and-turn, opening automatically or mechanically.

IN modern world The automatic gate option is increasingly preferred. During a power outage, it is worthwhile to provide a mechanical opening option.

Walling

When the gate is already installed, you can move on to the main masonry. The cinder block is laid in a chain manner from the corners. Next, a fishing line is stretched between them and the rest of the cinder block is laid. Gradually the corners are raised and the masonry is repeated.

Use a plumb line to control the vertical evenness of the walls, especially the corners. Level – their horizontality. Don't forget about the slope for water drainage. To do this, make the ends of the garage different in height with the top of the side wall cut at a slope.

The solution is made at the rate of: 1 bucket of cement (grade 400) per 4.5 buckets of sand with the addition of water until thick. For greater plasticity, add clay or lime.

Roof construction

Floors are made from metal beams 10-12 cm high, lined with wooden boards. They are perfect for covering a garage no more than 6 m wide, while the length of the beams will be 20-25 cm longer.

Step-by-step instructions for laying floors and roofs can be found on the Internet on websites about construction work or by consulting with specialists.

Construction of the floor and blind area

Typically, a garage has a concrete floor 8-10 cm thick at the same level as the edge of the base. Before this, the ground is thoroughly leveled. Concrete is poured using tensioned cords to obtain a smooth surface.

On the outside of the garage, a blind area 0.5 m wide is built with a slight slope to drain water.

Other improvements

The garage does not need decoration; it is enough to grout the walls with cement mortar, apply plaster and whitewash it.

You can insulate the walls with polystyrene foam; in case of severe cold, you will need to use heating devices. Optimal temperature for a garage 5-6 degrees.

The presence of ventilation in the garage is mandatory to remove various chemical odors and exhaust gases from the room.

To do this, either purchased ventilation systems are installed, or natural air exchange is arranged through a deflector and supply grilles.

An inspection hole is a necessary component of a garage. It facilitates convenient vehicle maintenance and repair.

The entrance to the garage, as a rule, is included in the project, taking into account all sorts of nuances: type of coating, style of shelter, soil characteristics, presence of underground sources, local geology. But the main thing is comfort, hardness and evenness of the surface.

For a more detailed study of the construction process of all components of the garage, it is recommended to watch the video material, and you can safely begin construction!