How to build premises for a gas generator. Electric generator connection

Automation of the process is expensive and requires qualified maintenance. Manual connection for a private home is the most gentle mode. Such switches are produced in two types: a changeover type switch (old model) or a reversible switch (three-way). You can find out more about them below. They also use partial automation, because semi-automatic machines are inexpensive. Regardless of the chosen method, you need to monitor the operation of the system.

How to do it right install generator

During installation of permanently installed electric generators, it is necessary to observe certain requirements, which will ensure not only efficiency, but also safety and reliability work. First of all, in order to install a generator, you need to choose the optimal location for its operation. This article will talk about those conditions which it must correspond to.

You should definitely think about it reliable protection electric generator from exposure to aggressive environments. It is necessary to completely isolate the room from the smallest particles of mineral, chemical or organic compounds. It should be taken into account that they may be present as part of dust, mist or aerosol.

The generator should not be leaned against the walls, since there must be adequate air circulation around it. Above it it is necessary to provide a free space of at least one and a half meters. Along the perimeter - at least one meter.

In addition to the listed requirements, it is necessary to provide restrictions on the access of unauthorized persons to the installation site of the electric generator. This is especially true in cases where it is possible for children to get close to the device.

How to mount a generator base

At the first stage, it is necessary to prepare the foundation for the foundation. It is necessary first according to building regulations carry out a project for its arrangement. The most preferable option would be a reinforced concrete pad. In this case, the generator will have the necessary support rigidity and will also have a way to combat vibration.

Mounting and calculating the foundation for a reinforced concrete foundation is quite easy to do. You should use a simple formula: the weight of the device should be half that of the reinforced concrete pad.

If there is a possibility of water entering the room, the base must be raised to a safe height above the floor level.

Ways to combat vibration

Many models of electric generators have shock absorbers in their design. This significantly reduces during operation generator mechanical vibration. During installation of the provided shock absorbers on the foundation, the base must be firmly fixed electric generator.

This will eliminate the possibility of the device base moving. It should also be remembered that stationary power plants differ from portable electric generators in that they can weigh up to a ton.

When connecting an electric generator, you have to deal with three networks: a common centralized network, a network of energy consumers, and wiring from the generator. Their connection and interaction determines the specific connection scheme. There are three ways to power devices that consume energy from an electric generator.

Energy consumers are plugged directly into the generator outlet. This scheme is very simple and does not need explanation. It does not require the creation of any additional circuits or connections to the network.

The generator is connected to a consumer network that is in no way connected to the centralized network (it may be absent altogether). In this case, the wires coming from the generator are permanently connected to the wiring of power consumers. This connection diagram for a gasoline generator (diesel generator) is called permanent. The main thing to take care of is in this case- this is about the correspondence of the cross-sections of the wiring wires to the rated current of the generator.

The generator, through manual or automatic switching devices, is connected into a single circuit with a centralized network and consumer wiring. This connection diagram for a gas generator allows, in the event of a power failure in the centralized network, to easily and quickly power all consumers from the generator. It's called backup.

Unlike the first method, which does not require any preparation (the plug of the powered tool or device is plugged directly, or through an extension cord, into the socket located on the generator control panel), the last two methods require competent preparatory work. The third (backup) connection scheme is the most complex and in demand.

Connection diagram for a generator as a backup power source

Circuit with manual mode switching. When the voltage in the central network disappears, by turning the switch key or the switch handle, they break the network of consumers from the central network and connect it to the wires from the generator. The switch must ensure that it is impossible to simultaneously connect electrical consumers to the centralized power grid and the generator (there must be an intermediate neutral position).

Reversing switches or changeover switches are used as a manual switch. When choosing these devices, you should pay attention to their current ratings. They must correspond to the current consumption (not be lower). Their design and connection diagram may differ significantly, for example, below is a diagram for a three-pole switch (one pole is not used) OT40F3C (far from the cheapest option).

In addition to the manual switch, you can install an indicator, the function of which is to indicate the presence or absence of voltage in the central network. It is connected between phase and neutral of the central network. These can be special modular 220V indicators, or cheaper (20 times) 220V LED indicators in a closed case and with already soldered wiring.

The weak point of these indicators is that they are connected before the fuses.

Circuit with automatic mode switching. The automatic circuit for connecting the electric generator allows, in the event of a power failure in the central network, to turn on the generator automatically without human intervention. This work is performed by an ATS (automatic transfer transfer) unit, consisting of a whole set of devices - contactors, voltage control relays, circuit breakers, display elements.

A generator that turns on automatically must have an electric starter. To enable the backup source in operation, you must disable centralized network, start and warm up the generator, connect the wiring from it to the consumer network. When central stress appears, the reverse work is done. All this is performed by the AVR unit.

There are various automatic reserve entry systems that differ in their functionality. They work as follows, using the example of the Champion ATS unit for the GG7000E gasoline generator. When the power supply from the central network is interrupted, the ATS unit startup program is launched. First, energy consumers are disconnected from the centralized network. After 2-3 seconds, the generator engine starts and its operation is checked. During normal operation of the unit, after 12 seconds. After starting the engine (warming up), the generator is connected to electricity consumers.

When the power supply is restored from shared network, the system monitors the stability of the supplied electricity. If stability is detected within 10 seconds, the ATS automatically switches consumers to power from the public network. The generator runs without load for another 5 seconds, then the ATS system stops it.

Load switching procedure

Connection errors

Both are unacceptable. Plugging the generator wires into a consumer network socket, in the case of a heavy load, can cause destruction of the socket and electrical wiring with the risk of fire, since the size of the socket contacts and the cross-section of its wires are not designed for large currents flowing in the generator network. And if you do not turn off the centralized network (for example, forgetting), then when voltage appears in it, the generator will fail.

Electric generator installation

The installation site of the gas generator or diesel generator must be dry and level. There should be no fire hazards nearby.

Not every room is suitable for installing an electric generator. There are certain ventilation requirements. So, in a closed room it is necessary to organize supply and exhaust ventilation using a duct system or built-in fans. This will ensure the supply of cold air and the removal of heated air. If the generator is placed, for example, in a basement or pantry, it will overheat, even with an open window. As a result, the electric generator will break down.

Noise protection

When installing a diesel generator or gasoline generator, you need to make sure that the base on which the unit is installed is not rigidly connected to the building. It is advisable to install the generator on shock absorbers, the simplest of which can be a regular rubber gasket.

The noise emanating from the surface of the generator is reduced using noise-proof enclosures. Factory-made casings work most effectively - special containers in which shock- and vibration-insulating materials are used and supply and exhaust ventilation, providing the necessary for normal operation generator temperature regime.

You can make a container yourself, but this is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. Mainly due to the need to ensure effective ventilation.

Container for gas generator. Air is forced through the lower air duct closer to the engine.

The noise coming from the exhaust gases is reduced with the help of mufflers. But manufacturers prohibit the installation of additional mufflers, and making any changes to the design will void the warranty on the electric generator. Installing a muffler may result in reduced power and difficulty starting. Moreover, this is not the most effective method combat noise, because sounds arise not only from engine operation, but also from vibration. Therefore, it would be wiser to pay more attention to the place in which the electric generator is installed. It is recommended to upholster the walls in a room or casing with a special soundproofing material- in one or two layers, depending on how noisy the generator is.

Grounding

• a metal rod with a diameter of at least 15 mm and a length of at least 1.5 m;
• a metal pipe with a diameter of at least 50 mm and a length of at least 1.5 m;
• sheet of galvanized iron measuring at least 500x1000 mm.

Any grounding conductor must be immersed in the ground until the soil layers are constantly wet. Grounding switches must be equipped with clamps or other devices that ensure reliable contact connection of the grounding wire with the grounding switch. The opposite end of the wire is connected to the generator ground terminal.

Exhaust gas removal

The problem is that extending the exhaust pipe, like an additional muffler, creates additional resistance to the exhaust gases escaping. This significantly affects engine power, durability and fuel consumption. Resistance to the release of exhaust gases from the cylinder causes incomplete combustion of fuel, an increase in the operating temperature of the exhaust gases and the formation of soot. Typically, gas generator manufacturers prohibit lengthening the exhaust pipe and installing an additional muffler. To minimize exhaust outlet resistance, the following principles should be followed:

• The inner diameter of the pipe must be larger than the diameter of the generator exhaust pipe. The more (within reasonable limits) the better. And the longer the pipe, the larger the diameter should be.
• The length of the work should be as short as possible.
• There should be the least amount of bends.
• The bends should be as smooth as possible.

Parts of the exhaust system must not be located near wood or other flammable materials. To reduce the temperature in the room, it is necessary to use non-flammable thermal insulation materials. Layer insulating material, wrapped around the piping, can significantly reduce the radiation of heat into the room from the exhaust system. Thermal insulation exhaust pipe is especially important when the electric generator operates in a wooden container.

A corrugated stainless steel hose, installed between the exhaust pipe of the electric generator and the rest of the pipeline, reduces the transmission of vibration from the engine to the pipeline and the building, and compensates for the forces resulting from thermal expansion. The design of the flexible section must allow either end to move in any direction without damage. The pipeline must not rest on the exhaust pipe of the electric generator.

The exhaust discharge system must be equipped with a condensate sump with a condensate drainage device, located in the lowest part of the pipe indoors. Or the corrugated stainless steel hose must have a bend below the level of the generator exhaust pipe to prevent street condensation from getting inside the electric generator.

The outlet must be located under a canopy to prevent precipitation from entering the system. It is also recommended to provide restrictions on children’s access to outer pipe, since the temperature and composition of the exhaust gases may pose a threat to their health.

The hole in the wall through which the pipe passes to the street must be insulated from high temperature pipes and to absorb vibration.

Failure to properly remove exhaust gases can cause death. Here are some examples:

"In a private residential building, dead girls of 14 years of age were found, poisoned carbon monoxide. The cause of death was a portable diesel generator. One of the girls, in the absence of her parents, invited two friends and, since the power supply was turned off in the house, she independently turned on the diesel generator. As a result of violation of operating procedures, three children suffocated from carbon monoxide."

“A family that died in the village of South Koryaki suffocated due to a working diesel generator, the exhaust gases of which entered the house. Long power outages forced the family to use an alternative source of electricity. As already reported, after the cyclone, for about a day, part of the Elizovsky district remained without electricity and people were fleeing the cold whoever can. And only today the whole family, consisting of two sons, one of whom was a minor, a mother, father and their close relative, was discovered by neighbors without signs of life."

"According to preliminary data, on the evening of February 12, the men decided to take a steam bath in wood sauna. The 65-year-old Kurchatov resident arranged it in basement your garage. The bathhouse was lit using a gasoline generator. Steam room lovers started the generator and began to put firewood into the firebox. The door was closed and exhaust gases from the gasoline generator quickly filled closed room garage. The 50-year-old Kurchatov resident felt ill. He fell in the dressing room and suffocated with carbon monoxide. The garage owner, feeling the lack of oxygen, rushed to the garage door to open it. But I didn’t have time to do this. Having lost consciousness, the man fell on the threshold and also suffocated. The next day, relatives of the Kurchatovites, concerned about their long absence, opened the garage and, finding two corpses there, called the police."

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When installing a gas generator indoors, the following conditions must be observed:

1. The room must correspond necessary requirements for operation of the gas generator.
2. Installation quality system gas exhaust.
3. Installation of supply and exhaust ventilation system.

Required room parameters

The room must be heated, the temperature inside should not be less than +5°C. The room must be equipped with electrical and fire safety measures, and must also comply with sanitary standards. There should be no condensation.

The dimensions of the room itself must provide the possibility of changing oil, refueling, repairs and maintenance. At major renovation For installation and dismantling, the doorway must be of sufficient size.

The gas generator can be located on the balcony, on any floor of the building or in the basement, in an attic extension or in a separate room. Most often, for the convenience of staff and savings, the gas generator is located in the basement. The generator room must be large to provide air exchange, as well as clearance around the engine and generator to allow for maintenance.

Gas exhaust system

An exhaust system is installed to remove exhaust gases from the premises. It must be connected to the power plant muffler. The system consists of an adapter for the muffler hole of the required length to a thermally insulated corrugated hose, which goes outside the room to remove harmful exhaust gases. The pipe should extend beyond the building and be located above the canopy of the house to prevent gases from blowing into the windows.

Supply and exhaust ventilation system

The room for installing a gas generator must have a large area and inflow fresh air for engine cooling. Installing a gas generator in a room with insufficient space is only possible when installing forced ventilation power station with inflow and outflow of cold fresh air. Openings must be well protected from snow and rain.

Today, life in a country house without electricity is difficult to imagine.

It provides:

• lighting at night;
• operation of all household electrical appliances;
• supplying water to the house from a well;
• many additional benefits available to us thanks to modern technology.

But outside the city, the risk of being cut off from the general power supply network as a result of various emergencies and breakdowns on the line increases many times over, which can immediately throw our living conditions back to the beginning of the last century.

A reliable generator for your dacha guarantees you an uninterrupted supply of electricity to your site. In this article we will look at specifications, basic selection criteria, installation nuances and operating features of all necessary equipment.

General provisions

Household generators may differ in size, power, fuel used and many other parameters, but from the technical side they all have the same design:

The presence of such equipment provides the following advantages:

• Guaranteed availability of electricity. This is the most important and fundamental function.
• Mobility and compactness. You can always move and install the unit in a place convenient for you.
• Easy DIY operation. We will touch on this point in more detail, but, in essence, it all comes down to plugging the plug into the socket, pouring fuel and starting the engine.
• Saving . Often the price of electricity produced by a generator is lower than the cost of electricity provided by a government power plant.

Selecting the right equipment

In order to make your home independent of public power lines, you need to choose a suitable generator for your dacha, having decided on your needs and capabilities, purchase it and install it. Let us then first consider the main distinctive features various models.

Type of fuel used

You should know: in addition to liquid fuel, it is also possible to use gas, but such devices are too bulky, difficult to handle and require a gas line. Therefore, we will not consider them.

The most common options are gasoline and diesel fuel:

Advice: diesel generator It is recommended to install it if you plan to use it continuously as an alternative to public power lines.
Then it's high price It will recover quickly enough, and you will be able to fully enjoy its high performance capabilities.

Suitable power

Instructions for performing calculations:

• We record separately all electrical appliances that can operate at the same time.
• We add up their power consumption.
• We increase the resulting value by 30%. This should be done to protect the device from overload.

So, for example, it turns out that a generator with a power of 2 kW is sufficient to ensure the operation of several lamps, a refrigerator and a TV.

Advice: if you need to ensure the operation of a large amount of equipment, but for a short period of time, then renting a diesel generator for your dacha will help solve this problem.
You will save on its purchase and at the same time ensure the operation of all the necessary electrical appliances.

Kind of work

The electromotive force at the output of the device can be generated by an asynchronous or synchronous method. This point must be clarified with the seller before purchasing a generator, as this significantly affects its functionality:

Installation and operation

Before installing a generator in your dacha, choose the most suitable one for it. appropriate place, which will meet the following parameters:

• Have good sound insulation. The operation of the equipment in question is accompanied by a constant hum; try not to let it interfere with your relaxation at home.
• Have good ventilation. A large number of exhaust fumes are deadly to health.
• Be dry. Moisture and electricity are not the best best combination. A large amount of dampness, not to mention direct contact with water on the unit, can lead to its breakdown.

1. Let's take it copper wire with a cross section of 2.5 mm. A smaller diameter may not withstand the load, and a larger diameter may cause the fuses to not operate correctly.
2. We connect to the power supply panel as indicated in the diagram above.
   It should be noted here that two systems can be used:

• Manual. The device is started using a special switch. That is, if there is no light in the area, you take a flashlight, go down to the basement and turn on the generator yourself.
• Automatic. It starts working without your participation immediately after the power supply from the public network disappears.

1. Fill with gasoline or diesel fuel depending on the type of engine.

Now you don't have to worry about possible breakdowns on power lines and enjoy all the benefits of modern technology.

Conclusion

Normal operation summer cottage Without electricity in our time it is not possible. Being left without light at the most inopportune moment, when the house is full of guests or the stable functioning of any electrical appliances is necessary, does not bode well.

To eliminate the possibility of such an incident, install a gasoline or diesel generator. The above recommendations will help you make the right choice.

The video in this article will provide you with Additional information, which is directly related to the materials considered. Having your own generator will give you independence from the general power grid.

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