How to properly strengthen window openings in a wooden house. How to install a plastic window in a wooden house yourself

Before starting the actual installation, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory measures:

• dismantling the old window (if replacement is taking place);
• cleaning the opening from dirt and construction debris;
• produce necessary measurements and calculations;
• drawing up a drawing and recording the opening measurement parameters;
• alignment of the contours of the sides of the window opening, if the opening has irregular shape;
• leveling is performed using putty or sealant;
• decide on the design and functionality (number of doors, their size, which of them will open);
• decide on the manufacturer and color of the product.

Only after completing all of the above manipulations do we order a window from the manufacturer, taking into account individual wishes.

Stage No. 2. Installation

Once the windows have been delivered and the necessary preliminary work has been carried out, you can proceed directly to installation. Tools:

• drill;
• construction level;
• chisel;
• screwdriver;
• roulette;
• mallet;
• pliers;
• anchor plates and bolts;
• window adjustment key;
• polyurethane foam;
• spacer wedges;
• spray bottle with water.

Important! Installation of a plastic window in wooden house It is not recommended to carry out during strong winds and at low temperatures (not lower than -10 degrees).

Casing: purpose, types and design

The casing is a box-shaped structure, which is made of three or four boards and installed around the perimeter inside the opening.

The system allows you to install plastic window independently, so that the window is fixed independently of the main structure of the wall and has a floating character. The window system is secured using grooves on the side, which are placed on tenons protruding from the end of the logs and beams.

To fix and seal the casing, only tow, flax batting or fiber insulation are used. Never use polyurethane foam.

Attention! A gap is left at the top based on the wood's settlement.

Thus, wall shrinkage wooden structure does not affect the window in any way, much less damage it. Depending on the fastenings, casings can be classified into the following types:

• into a thorn Similar design characterized by the presence of a tenon, which is mounted on the side parts of the casing, and a groove, which is located in the logs of the opening;
• in the embedded beam. The basis of the fastening is considered to be a block, which is placed in a groove at the ends of the opening and passes through the casing posts;
• into the deck. The tenon is located at the ends of the window opening logs, but the groove is in the casing posts.

The box is a floating mechanism, which prevents deformation of the plastic window during operation, regardless of the type of installation of the casing.

Calculations should be made with high accuracy, since even a minor error can lead to deformation of the window frame or leakage of the structure. Besides, correct installation– this is the key to the quality of the plastic window itself.

How to make a pigtail (casing)

The design can be of two types: complex and simple. A simple window frame is the system described above, with bars and grooves. Complex design It is performed somewhat differently: a ridge is cut out in the window opening, onto which a carriage with grooves is placed. This option is more reliable. When the walls shrink, the ridge can slide and does not allow vertical deviations, eliminating pressure on the window frame.

The casing is usually made of timber. Using a wood chisel, a 0.5 cm groove is knocked out in the center of the beam, and a tenon (0.5x0.5x.25 cm) is cut out from one end. A ridge with 0.5x0.5 cm spikes is cut out from the end of the opening logs. You can use a saw or chisel for this.

Important! Ridge markings – important point. The quality and reliability of the design depends on the accuracy of the markings.

After the ridge is ready, we proceed to install the risers and form the structure of the opening between them. The beams are installed level, taking into account the gaps for wall shrinkage (1 cm on the sides and 0.5 cm on top). The frame made of beams is strengthened with the help of grooves with the main fabric of the walls and dowels between them. The gaps left are sealed with tow or other fiber. That's all, now you can start installation directly plastic frame. You can watch the process in more detail in this video:

Stage No. 3. Installation in the prepared opening

After carrying out the necessary preparatory work and installation of the frame, you can begin installing the window.

Attention! Installing plastic windows in a wooden house without casing is the wrong option.

To begin with, we check the dimensions and location of parallels, the gaps between the casing structure and the frame. The margin for foaming should be: 4-5 cm at the top, 2-3 cm in width and height, 3-4 cm in the window sill area. Having made sure that the stock corresponds to these indicators, we proceed directly to installing the plastic frame.

The window is secured using special fasteners, which are sold at any hardware store. They are metal plates with holes.

Installation of a plastic window should be done level. If you neglect this factor, then you risk getting a structure with a slope, which significantly reduces the operational and aesthetic objectives of the window.

Advice! Before installing windows, the sashes are removed. This simplifies the design and makes it much more convenient to install it in the opening.

After the window is secured in the opening, it is necessary to fill the gap with foam. To avoid displacement of the structure during foaming, blocks are placed that will maintain the position of the frame without deviation. After drying, do not forget to remove it.

Fastening the window to the casing is done with care. In this case, you must select correct location tightening screws. Under no circumstances should a window be secured in the ridge area!

That's all, we finish the process by completely foaming the opening. We put the sashes on and let the foam dry.

We presented The right way installation of a plastic window in a wooden house. This process can be difficult, so if you are unsure of your abilities, it is better to turn to professionals.

However, installing a plastic window yourself is a significant cost savings. We invite you to watch a video tutorial on how to install a window yourself:

In principle, in a wooden house you can install windows of any design and from any materials: wood, plastic, aluminum. This is a question of expediency, aesthetics and the capabilities available to the owner. In practice, translucent structures made of wood and PVC profiles are most often used.

Wooden windows

It's not only traditional version, but also the most logical. Wooden house - wooden windows.

Indeed, this option has obvious advantages:

• wood - natural material, but it is impregnated with various chemical mixtures;
• wooden window fits harmoniously into architecture and interior wooden house;
• the material for making windows is available and inexpensive if we are talking about standard “Soviet” wooden windows.

However, wooden frames during operation are in completely different conditions than other structural elements wooden house. In the cold season, a window is a place of increased heat loss. As a result, condensation may form on the glass and frames, moistening the wood of the frames. And wet wood, in turn, is quickly destroyed by bacteria, bugs, and fungus. At the same time, wood inevitably dries out over time: the frames warp, stop closing tightly, all the gaps increase and cracks appear in the windows.

Let's summarize the disadvantages of wood:

• the surface requires regular and thorough treatment with protective compounds or painting;
• vulnerable to numerous biodestroyers;
• gradually dries out.

Of course, these shortcomings are characteristic primarily of frames made by traditional carpentry. Modern technologies wood treatments, synthetic protective compounds and thoughtful window design largely eliminate the mentioned disadvantages. However, the price of such windows is many times higher than that of traditional wooden or plastic ones.

Which windows are better: wooden or plastic - read.

PVC windows in a wooden house

Advantages of windows with frames made of polyvinyl chloride:

• The PVC profile is durable, does not rot, does not rust, and does not deteriorate in the sun;
• Plastic windows are easy to care for: wipe the frames with a cloth, lubricate the hardware mechanism with a drop of machine oil 1-2 times a year;
• good heat and sound insulation;
• fire safety: plastic does not support combustion, when high temperatures melts;
• big choice finishing options: dozens of types of lamination, imitating the pattern and texture of wood of various species;
• windows are made according to customer sizes;
• big choice decorative elements(handles, shutters, imposts) and additional accessories (solar blinds, etc.);
• the ability to choose glazing depending on specific tasks: tinted, impact-resistant, with increased sound and heat protection, etc.

You can make a plastic window at any of the many dealers. That is why today plastic windows are being installed in wooden houses more and more often: both in new buildings and during renovations to replace old wooden windows.

Panoramic glazing

Besides regular windows Larger glazing options can also be made from PVC profiles. For example, a terrace or veranda can be equipped with panoramic glazing from floor to ceiling. There are no longer any worthy alternatives to plastic structures.

Installation of plastic windows in a wooden house

Installation of PVC windows in different wooden houses is carried out differently, depending on what type of house is glazed: frame, timber or log.

But in any case, installation of windows in a wooden house is carried out in the following order:

• measuring the window opening and manufacturing the window in the required configuration;
• dismantling the old window (if there was one);
• installation of a new window along with a window sill and ebb;
• sealing the perimeter, arrangement of slopes, cashing;
• installation and, if necessary, adjustment of fittings.

However, first we need to talk in more detail about the features wooden houses.

Processes occurring in wood

Wood is a material of natural origin. Freshly harvested wood has high humidity. Gradually natural humidity wood decreases - the material dries, moisture evaporates from it. As a result, the wooden part decreases in volume. Different types of wood behave differently when dried. However, wood coniferous species, which is widely used in the construction of houses, is characterized by a fairly significant reduction in linear dimensions. For example, a board 100 mm wide, cut from the side of a log and dried to an absolutely dry state, is reduced in width to 88-92 mm.

Of course, dried wood is used in construction. However, there is almost always residual moisture. It is not economically profitable to dry the wood completely.

On the other hand, with seasonal changes in air humidity linear dimensions wooden parts also change. In spring and, especially, in wet, rainy autumn, wood gains moisture and expands; in hot, dry summers, the material dries out and its linear dimensions decrease. It turns out that a wooden house is constantly in motion - “breathing”.

But that is not all. Coniferous wood contains a lot of resin. Over time, this resin evaporates and the dimensions wooden part decrease - the tree dries out. Of course, covering wood with all kinds of varnishes and paints slows down this process, but does not stop it.

Wooden house construction

To put it simply, there are three types of wooden house construction: log, timber and frame. They "breathe" differently. A frame house is the most stable. Due to the design features, its dimensions almost do not change during operation. The log frame is the most mobile. A house made of timber is somewhere in the middle: it is more stable than a log house, but more flexible than a frame house.

Why log house so mobile? There are several reasons for this. Firstly, for the logs to dry well, it takes a lot of time - several years. At this time, they need to be stored somewhere, protected, and this is some kind of expense. Therefore, as a rule, a log house is built from logs with a fairly high residual moisture.

Secondly, during construction traditional log house The logs are processed by hand. Of course, the craftsmen carefully adjust the adjacent crowns to each other, but leaks in the abutment of the logs are inevitable. The logs in the log house are pressed against each other under their own weight and are somewhat deformed: gradually the space between adjacent logs is reduced, and the log house settles in height. This is especially noticeable in the first year or two after construction.

Thirdly, caulk. The gaps between adjacent crowns are caulked. Different materials can be used: flax tow, moss, jute. Over time, it becomes denser, insects and microorganisms eat it, birds pull out fibers for nests - the height of the walls decreases. Then the house is caulked again: the master hammers material into the gaps between the logs, causing the walls to rise slightly.

Installing a window into a wall log house takes these features into account. The window is mounted in the wall not directly, but indirectly - in the casing (window).

Casing: purpose and design

The casing is a special wooden frame that is installed in window and doorways chopped and timber houses. It does not interfere with shrinkage, but at the same time does not allow the resulting stresses to be transferred to the window or door. Without casing, the load from settling walls can jam and even destroy the window.

Exist different designs casing But they are fundamentally similar:

• the casing is connected to the wall using the tongue-and-groove method and compacted with tow: thanks to this, the wall of the house can move along the casing when changing humidity or shrinkage, remaining in the same plane;
• a free gap of 5–8 cm is provided above the casing in the window opening, which decreases as the frame settles;
• The gaps between the wall and the casing are sealed with tow and covered with platbands.

Correctly selected and installed casing serves as a load-bearing element, does not interfere with the walls of the log house to “breathe”, is not blown through, and looks aesthetically pleasing.

From all that has been said, it follows that the casing is necessary element timber house or log house, the walls of which are subject to shrinkage. For a frame house, casing is not mandatory element: the window is mounted in a frame.

Replacing old wooden windows with plastic ones

Due to the nature of their use, wooden windows deteriorate much faster than other elements of the house. The problem is not only that the windows look ugly and sloppy after several dozen paintings. In winter, cold air blows from the street through an old, cracked window, and warm air goes outside: heating costs rise, but it’s cold in the house.

Therefore, replacing old windows is one of the most pressing measures to reduce operating costs and maintain aesthetics. appearance Houses. PVC profile windows are ideal for this purpose.

There are still many in the villages log houses, built 50–70 and even 100 years ago. They were built by carpenters using simple hand tools. The precision of manufacturing parts was low, so often in an old wooden house there are not two windows of the same size. They differ in width and height by 1–3 cm.

Here the opportunity to order plastic windows according to individual sizes comes in very handy. You should carefully take measurements of each window that needs replacement and use the resulting numbers when placing your order.

Then the old window is carefully dismantled, and a new plastic one is installed in its place; the casing remains in place. Such work does not take much time and, if you have certain skills and experience, you can do it yourself. Or rely on the experience and knowledge of the company that will produce a window according to your order.

Whatever windows - plastic or wooden - you choose to install in your home, before buying or ordering them, thoroughly think through all the nuances of the upcoming installation: what material to seal the perimeter with, how to finish the slopes, which platband to install from the inside and which from the outside, etc. etc. Don't forget about the window sill and low tide.

It is known that wooden windows in houses built from timber are rightfully considered the safest and practical solution, which favorably influences the indoor microclimate.

Fundamental in the presented case is that when it shrinks window system and the walls behave monotonously. Their installation according to technology plays a decisive role here.

Features of installing windows in a wooden house

The assembly of windows in a timber building has certain features. As you know, wood shrinks. In houses made of chopped logs or during the first 5 years, shrinkage is about 10-13% of the height of the building, while shrinkage does not exceed 2%.

If there is warping of window structures, the formation of crown gaps in the walls or cracking of the glass unit, this indicates a violation of the technology during the installation process.

1. In houses made of chopped wood, rounded logs, planed or profiled timber, it is advisable to install the window support after the house has settled (not earlier than 1.5 years after construction).
2. Installing windows after the construction of a log house is not rational due to the lack of the ability to calculate wall shrinkage. This indicator depends on the moisture content of the timber.
3. In houses made of laminated veneer lumber, installation of windows is allowed immediately after erection of walls and installation of the roof of the house.
4. Installation of windows must be carried out exclusively through sliding connections - support beams and casing. Tying window blocks and frame structures to logs or beams is strictly prohibited. Tight fastening during drying leads to a violation of the integrity of window modules and the walls of the building. In fact, the window system must balance separately in relation to the wall.
5. In the upper part above the window frames, it is necessary to provide a shrinkage reserve - gaps of 6-7 cm. Miscalculations of spare spaces can lead to poor closing of windows or roof gaps in walls.

Wooden window installation diagram

Preparing the window opening

Before installing the box, you should prepare the window opening. The opening must be rectangular shape without cracks, depressions, distortions and other defects. It is necessary to remove from all its surfaces construction garbage, dirt, dust and deposits.

In order to avoid distortions in the future, it is necessary to take accurate measurements of the external, internal and lateral sides of the opening.

In the case where the skew of the opening is significant and it is not possible to correct it, it is recommended to expand the window parameters in such a way that highest level the external hole exceeded the width by 2.5-4 cm and the height by 1-2 cm.

Installation makes it possible to expand additional profile on the window. This will prevent the appearance of gaps between the box and the hole in areas of maximum distortion.

In addition to the option of expanding the size of the opening to correct the distortion, there is such an option as increasing the parameters window frame.

Casing

A special design, which is a wooden box without a bottom crossbar, the purpose of which is to securely fasten the window and maintain the shape of the window frame, regardless of the degree of shrinkage of the house, is called a casing or frame.

There are several types of this design:

1. One piece. It is made from specially processed solid material.
2. Glue. The individual components are made from type-setting boards, connected by means of microgrooves and glue. All burrs and small knots are removed.
3. Mixed. Part of the casing is made solid, and the other is made using glue. Upon completion of installation, the pigtail is varnished. This type Suitable for use on large window sills.

The window frame is made according to the size of each window. Moreover, if it is planned internal lining, then a sample can be made for it. When facing on both sides, sampling is not performed.

Assembly of the casing can begin after preparing the window opening.

Its production is carried out as follows:

1. Grooves are machined in the base, which is adjacent to the window opening. A beam of the same size is inserted into them, acting as the side of the casing.
2. First, place the beam at the bottom of the opening, which will prevent displacement of the side elements.
3. A compactor is placed under the timber from linen tow.
4. Sealing material is placed in the recesses and install side boards.
5. The final stage is fastening the top board of the structure.
6. A space is left on top of the jamb for the wood to dry out and filled with sealant. This way, during the process of shrinking the logs, the load on the window opening will not be affected.

Window installation

Window installation is carried out in the following sequence:

1. A waterproofing layer is placed on the lower part of the opening. and sealing material.
2. Install the window frame and fix it it with the help of linings or wedges made of wood.
3. Using building level or a plumb line, adjust horizontal and vertical lines. In this case, you need to pay attention to the actual horizontal and vertical, and not to the sides of the window opening.
4. On each side of the opening, in increments of 50 cm, drill holes.
5. Using self-tapping screws fix the box.
6. Insulate the space between the frame and the wall sealing material.
7. Next, the frame is mounted. It is installed in the grooves of the box and secured to it with screws.
8. Window blocks are installed on the frame using hinges(severable and inseparable). The difference between them is the possibility of removing the hinge. Detachable ones are convenient in areas where there is no possibility of raising the window transom. Smooth fastening of the hinges facilitates even hanging of window transoms. They are fastened using screws.
9. The sash is locked using a locking element or latch. After checking the opening and closing of the transom, you should secure the frame using nails.
10. Next we move on to installing window sills. They are mounted from the inside so that the side edges extend into the walls by 4.5-5 cm on both sides.
11. Immediately before installation, using a lime-gypsum mixture, align the lower part of the window opening.
12. The window sill is fixed using wedges. After installation thermal insulation material it is finally fixed.
13. Installation of drip linings is carried out from the outside of the opening– the entire width of the frame’s recess into the base.
14. The gaps between the casing of the base and frame, as well as the top and sides of the window, are covered with platband. It is advisable to use the same type of wood from which the house is built as platbands.
15. All parts of the casing are connected to each other. To do this, use spikes, nails or an adhesive solution.
16. Placement marking is carried out in advance fastening elements (step is 10-12 cm).
17. So that during the process of attaching the platbands they do not move, the structure can be placed on glue.
18. The final stage is fixing the platbands with nails or self-tapping screws, and closing the gaps between the base and platbands with sealing material.

1. For the manufacture of casing, wood with a moisture content of at least 10% is used., otherwise cracks will form inside the structure over time.
2. When making a joint, it is strictly prohibited use metal fasteners.
3. Construction foam should not be used as a sealing material when assembling the casing. IN in this case The wood is held together, which prevents its natural drying.
4. When installing windows, it is important to make the holes for them correctly. Optimal distance from the window sill to the floor is 85-90 cm.
5. Experts do not recommend installing windows without installing frames, even if the house was built many years ago and the frame is completely dry. This is due to the fact that throughout its lifespan the tree has a tendency to dry out.
6. For greater efficiency and heat retention, wooden windows should be installed closer to the outside window opening.
7. It is necessary to choose hard wood as a material for the window sill. A window sill made of laminated wood has the longest service life; a window sill made of solid wood has the shortest service life (as a rule, the product is subject to warping).
8. The angles of the window opening should be 90 degrees, and the diagonals should not differ by more than 10 mm. If the hole in the base exceeds permissible value, more sealing material will be required. If you do not ensure that the corners are even, the box may warp.
9. It is important to correctly calculate the seating depth of the window in the opening so that the dew point isoline, equal to 10 degrees, passes in its inner part. Then there will be no condensation on the inside of the window.

Wooden houses, baths, saunas and cottages have an important advantage - they are completely environmentally friendly, since they are made of natural material. A wooden frame is “living”, it “breathes”, shrinks and ages, that is, it lives its own life. A house made of natural wood allows air to circulate, simultaneously purifies it and imparts healing properties, thanks to the phytoncides and resinous substances of natural solid pine. These same features of buildings made of lightly treated wood create some difficulties. For example, when it is necessary to install windows in a log house and doorways, as well as when finishing sagging walls, but if installation technology is followed, all these problems can be solved.

Which windows are suitable for wooden walls?

The walls of solid wood houses tend to be in some movement. This is influenced by the time of year, seasonal changes, air humidity and environment- the log house swells or shrinks, shrinking. Some of the usual standards for installing windows and doors are acceptable for a log house, so this requires a different design of the recess for the frame, known as casing. It makes it possible to minimize movement wooden walls houses, bathhouses and other residential buildings made of logs.

However, not everything is so complicated, since the main shrinkage occurs during the first 3 years - under its own weight, the space between the logs is compacted and natural drying of the wood occurs. Sometimes during this time the log house sags by 10-15 cm, and the window and door openings decrease accordingly. Therefore, it is natural that for a new building made of natural wood, wooden windows in a log frame are more suitable, and for older houses - plastic ones, then they will be less susceptible to excess pressure and deformations.

If the construction of a house takes more than one year, stage by stage, then even unprepared “living” wood will shrink during this time, and installing windows in a log house made of wood will not be a problem. As a last resort, you can install temporary frames with film to prevent precipitation from penetrating into the window opening. And after a while, window frames with double glazing for protection from adverse weather conditions. These can be frames made of specially prepared dry wood, or from plastic, which is familiar to city dwellers.

Laminated under natural wood modern plastic windows will organically fit into the design of the log house, increasing the thermal insulation of the house. The experience of installers from Finland shows that a plastic window in a log house or double wooden frames can be inserted into a frame without any problems, and it is possible to combine different materials for window frames.

What is important to know about installation technology

Today, timber is used to make prestigious two-story houses different types. They are built in eco-style according to the traditions of their ancestors and according to projects modern architects and designers. Increasingly, they began to offer wooden houses and saunas similar to Finnish ones, and stylization is also in fashion country houses under the Russian tower. No less interesting are the large estates in Scandinavian style- made of wood and glass. It doesn’t matter whether the building is pompous or small dacha do it yourself from wood - the technology for installing wooden windows in a log house is approximately the same.

Of course, wet wood is not very suitable for building the walls of a wooden house. The Finns use only dried and specially prepared wood for export houses, and also develop special technology for houses that are quickly assembled. According to the technology, window frames are not placed in a log house for at least six months after the assembly of prepared structures, and in “living” wood - even later. But even in this case, some shrinkage is taken into account - do not leave the building without windows.

The holding time is required for the shrinkage of the log house and the final formation of wooden walls, and after about a year the log house will reach values ​​close to maximum shrinkage parameters. However, it is impossible to say exactly specifications shrinkage (as a percentage or in millimeters), since it all depends on the type of wood and the degree of its moisture content.

Today, several options for installing windows in a log house have been worked out:

1. Most reliable method- installation of the casing (casing) into which the window is inserted. The casing is a solid rectangular structure made of solid wood up to 40 mm thick, in which bottom bar forms a window sill, and platbands are attached to the ends. For a long time they were made from solid wood, giving the required shape, where grooves were formed for window box. Today, the casing is made much more technologically advanced and looks more aesthetically pleasing, and it goes into production glue beam. Finished design casing is quite expensive, so they often use a more affordable technology for installing a window in a log house, that is, attaching it to the cranial bars.

2. There is another option - the window frame is attached directly to the beam with special fastening strips. Simple Methods They are used, most often, in log houses for baths and saunas, and in residential buildings they are more complex and reliable. Using a building level, the window frame is aligned to maintain distances and foamed with sealant. However, the method of installation with sealing in new walls of houses is not used. Foam is recommended to be used to seal the lower part of the frame and window sill - this plane is less susceptible to deformation when a wooden window shrinks in a log house.

3. Special (skull) strips are often used, inserted into grooves that move freely at the ends of the window opening. This prevents jamming during shrinkage without creating cracks. The skull strips are able to slide in the grooves, thanks to the design, so the window will not experience pressure when shrinking. The difference between the method is that the casing is attached to the cranial block, and not directly into the opening.

Advice: Remember that even after the initial shrinkage of the frame, the compaction of wooden walls will continue for some time. With significant precipitation and in a climate with a high level of air humidity, the base of the log house will continue to absorb water, increasing the volume of the log house. In hot and dry summers, the tree gives up moisture, causing significant shrinkage. That is, natural changes in the size of a log house, for example, made of pine, will be noticeable up to 5 cm, but this figure also changes depending on the time of the log house. Installing windows using special technology reduces the likelihood of skewing, base displacement and jamming of the sashes and reduces heat loss.

Basic conditions for using casing

1. The casing of the log house makes it possible to prepare the installation of the window in a formed box, which minimizes the pressure of the log frame on the window frame through the natural process of drying the wood.

2. Properly manufactured casing of a log house prevents distortions in the form of the consequences of shrinkage.

3. There should be a small gap above the frame, approximately 50 mm, and this is insulated along with the side gaps.

4. A simplified casing can be made from boards of a smaller thickness of about 20 mm, where the forming slopes will be attached, and the bottom board forms the window sill.

5. The casing is secured with self-tapping screws to the skull beam, and the gap is insulated under the platbands.

6. From the outside, the casing looks quite compact and neat, and you can put another frame inside.

7. Proper use of casing installation technology allows you to counteract window depressurization.

8. Fastening of external platbands allows the use of synthetic seals, including rubber, to prevent the penetration of moisture into the window space.

9. If difficulties or questions arise about how to insert windows into a log house, it is recommended to contact specialists.

The main problems when installing doors and windows in a log house

1. According to the experience of installing houses made of natural wood, even a structure made of specially prepared and well-dried material will shrink up to 5 cm in the first year. In persistently rainy weather, the house will swell again. “Live” or undried wood with a high percentage of moisture gives a much larger amplitude per year.

2. Installation of windows or doors in wooden log house- a technologically simple process, and specialists do not have any problems. However, difficulties and problems with an unprofessional approach arise much later, when the windows in a bathhouse or in a house begin to warp due to pressure from the natural drying of wood. That is, it is much worse when problems arise during the operation of the building.

3. High humidity air can lead to the fact that window sashes or vents do not open due to swelling of the wood with increased pressure from shrinking logs. Sometimes it is enough to slightly trim the adjacent planes of the sashes, and it is worse if the window cannot be opened during its entire service life. This is why a small gap in the casing or the correct sliding structure is important - in order to avoid such troubles.

Tip: It is important to use dry and quality timber, preferably from coniferous wood. Before cutting out window openings, it is important to strengthen the boards to its sides so that they do not move apart.

Instructions for processing a window opening

To perform the work you will need a chain saw, nails, studs, timber, edged board, square, plumb line and polyurethane foam.

1. On the wall of the log house, mark the contours of the window (door) opening using 4 strips. In this case, it is important to correctly mark the bottom of the window - approximately 80 cm from the floor.

2. The boards are selected slightly larger than the height of the opening to secure the studs with washers.

3. We make holes in the uncut crowns at the corners of the planned opening, similarly in the fastening boards.

4. Mark the vertical with a level and place boards along it, which we connect to the logs using pins and tighten the boards.

5. We place metal washers under the nuts to prevent the nuts from cutting into the boards; we secure the boards on both sides of the markings.

7. We proceed to processing the sawn logs and fasten the edges together with jumpers.

8. We form a window block from lintels and jambs in pairs, and on the outside we form grooves to the size of the tenons.

9. We begin to form the window block by installing the jambs, using nails to connect the lintels with the holding of the logs.

10. To check the right angles, we use a square, which can be formed before the block is finally secured.

Tip: To dispel doubts, it is advisable to watch a video about installing the pigtail, and only after that proceed to installation.

Step-by-step installation of windows

Today there are several ways to install window frames in a log house, but we will look at a very simple example.

First, you need to visually imagine in a cut what a window looks like in a log house - the diagram for installing a window in a log house is shown in the figure below.

This is a casing with grooves, a shrinkage gap with a seal, an external and internal platband, a tenon with a seal, a window with a drip, and a lower inter-crown seal.

The edging is done after the opening is formed:

• prepare a 150x40 beam for the top of the window opening, it should be the width of the opening, cut 2 rectangular cutouts at both ends for a pre-formed ridge;
• Place the board on top of the gun carriage, securing it with self-tapping screws;
• we make an opening 3-5 cm larger than the height of the inserted window, for filling with sealant or foaming from below;
• the gap between the log and the flashing board in window opening there should be about 5 cm (for shrinkage), which is filled with insulation;
• when the window is inserted and secured, a casing is attached to the frame so that the structure has an aesthetic appearance;
• do not forget to check before installing the trim and final installation both vertical lines of the window frame in a plumb line and horizontal lines in a level, since it will be impossible to correct this later;
• everything needs to be soaked in antiseptic wooden surfaces to prevent wood deterioration.

The process of installing plastic windows in a log house

The step-by-step process of installing PVC windows looks approximately the same as in the example with natural wood:

• we form window hole;
• install the pigtail;
• We are completing the installation of a plastic window in a frame using technology.

The optimal distance of the window sill from the floor is 80-90 cm, and if the interior design plans to use a window sill in the form of a tabletop, for example in the kitchen or in a teenager’s room, then it is better to think through its design and installation in advance.

Tip: Remember that wooden frames Partial shrinkage is also typical, and PVC windows have a rigid and stable base - they cannot be installed in a fresh log house, and it is necessary to use a frame. It will make it possible to maintain sufficient autonomy of the double-glazed window from the log house, so installation on foam and without a jamb is unacceptable in this case!

Two types of pigtail:

1. Simple design- at the end of the opening a 50x50 mm groove is formed for the block (not suitable for installing a PVC window).

2. A more reliable option is when the end logs have window openings a ridge is formed, on which a frame with a groove is subsequently placed, otherwise called a “carriage”, and here, during shrinkage, movement along the guides without deformation will be ensured. This is a structure made of timber 100x150 mm, which exceeds the size of the window by 5-6 cm, in the center of which a groove of 50x50 mm is selected, the carriage is attached to the ridge.

Next, we assemble the frame from a 150x40 board, as described above, respectively, cut out grooves in it that fit onto the ridge - this is the upper part of the opening where we place the PVC window. Be sure to cover the planks with tow (in rolls) and secure the carriages, and top bar Secure the pigtails to the gun carriage with self-tapping screws.

After the right angles, vertical and horizontal lines in the openings, the frame is framed, they proceed to the installation of plastic windows. Monitor the quality of fastening and tightness so as not to damage the thermal insulation of the windows in the log house. Follow all steps according to the instructions included with the PVC windows. When purchasing plastic windows, pay attention to the fasteners that are mounted at the end. The frame is leveled and mounted with fasteners to the frame, do not forget about the space for polyurethane foam under the windowsill. All that remains is to hang the doors and cash out.

Tip: Pay attention to how the window is screwed to the board - in no case to the ridge, otherwise the point of movably fastening the window to counteract shrinkage is lost.

Every reader of the site knows that no matter what material the windows are made of, they help keep the house warm and emphasize the individuality of any home. Therefore, the installation process should be treated with special attention. After all, even the most expensive and energy-efficient window design loses all its advantages if it is installed incorrectly. In this article, our experts tell you how to properly install windows in a wooden house, frame or stone.

Wooden, stone and frame houses And country houses have a number design features. Since they affect window installation technology, any developer should be aware of them.

From our article you will learn:

• How to prepare for installation window design;
• What stages of work precede the installation process;
• What features should you be aware of in order to install windows in wooden, frame and stone houses;
• How to install a wooden window with your own hands - how its installation differs from the installation of a plastic window;
• How are installation joints protected?
• How to control the installation process.

Preliminary preparation

Despite its apparent simplicity, installing windows at home is a process that requires a serious and responsible approach. After all, the quality of installation directly affects the level of comfort in the home. Here's where the process begins:

Anton Karyavkin Head of the technical center of REHAU, Moscow.

First of all, you need to carefully prepare: read the instructions and existing installation standards, and acquire the appropriate tools.

A professional installer's kit includes about a hundred different “tools”. You don't have to have them all, but without basic set It will not be possible to install a translucent structure. It includes: a hammer drill, a screwdriver, a foam gun, a chisel, a hammer and screwdrivers.

When choosing tools, you should also take into account that window installation involves a wide range of additional work.

These include:

• Plastering slopes in stone buildings;
• Construction of seams and thermal insulation;
• Installation of window sill and additional components.

The main thing to remember is that the installation technology directly depends on the material of the building walls.

Anatoly Gavrysh Head of the design bureau of the Window Factory company

The type of house significantly influences the window installation procedure. In houses where there is significant shrinkage (most often in wooden houses), a casing floating box with compensation gaps is used. In other types of houses, window installation has the same patterns.

Installation of wooden windows in frame house with your own hands.

We install wooden windows with our own hands

Developers believe that between PVC installation There is a big difference between a wooden window and a wooden window, but experts disagree.

Anatoly Gavrysh:

There is practically no difference between installing a plastic and wooden window. The slight difference lies only in different fastening elements.

Do-it-yourself installation of a wooden window should be done more carefully. And in each case an individual approach is required.

Alexander KorpachevHead of the installation department of the company "Business-M"

Even windows in the same house can have their own characteristics. Therefore, in your work it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations of GOSTs, namely:

• Assembly window seams- with vapor-permeable self-expanding tapes;
• Technical specifications, GOST R 52749-2007;
• Assembly seams of units and junctions of window blocks to wall openings;
• Are common technical specifications, GOST 30971-2002;
• Window blocks- from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) profiles. GOST 30674-99.

IN general outline installation consists of the following steps:

• Preparation of the opening;
• Window preparation;
• Installation;
• Finishing work;
• Finishing.

Anatoly Gavrysh

I would like to dispel illusions about the ease of installation of both plastic and . To carry it out yourself, you definitely need certain skills and special equipment, since correct installation is of decisive importance in how high quality and how long the new window structures will last.

In detail, the installation of both plastic and wooden windows is done as follows:

1. Window openings are cleaned of dust and dirt.

2. The windows are installed in the opening and wedged with small plastic or wooden corners strictly according to the level.

Corners are necessary to form a gap (margin) between the frame and the opening. Along the perimeter - between the window and the opening, it is recommended to lay a technological gap for foaming 20 mm wide. At the bottom of the window - under the window sill, it is recommended to leave a margin of 35 mm.

3. The structure is fixed.

Fixation is carried out using dowels or special mounting toothed plates. If the window is fastened through with self-tapping screws, then before doing this, holes for the anchors are marked and drilled in the opening. The number of attachment points depends on the size of the window and on average ranges from 40 to 70 cm. From the corners of the frame it is necessary to make a distance of 12 -15 cm.

4. The seams between the window structure and the opening are foamed.

To save foam, if the gap exceeds 40 mm, it can be filled with insulation - polystyrene foam, etc.

5. The foam is covered with steam and waterproofing tapes.

The vapor barrier is glued along the entire perimeter of the window structure with inside(from the room side), and waterproofing film- from the outside, from the street side. After foaming, the protective strip is removed from the tape and the foamed seam is closed.

6. Additional elements - flashings and platbands - are installed in their place on the outside (if the installation takes place in wooden houses).

7. The fittings are adjusted.

Features of installing windows in a wooden, frame and stone house

Anton Karyavkin

Installing windows in buildings made of rounded timber is the most difficult. This is due to changes in the design of wooden houses from manufacturer to manufacturer.

If developers use different types of wood when installing windows in a wooden house, it is almost impossible to predict the behavior of the material - each time you have to study everything from scratch. The deformation of logs in such buildings can be quite large: from 8 to 15 cm. The house shrinks, so not a single window in such conditions can remain operational for a long time.

Correct windows in a wooden house.

Here's what we can do to protect the structure from possible deformations caused by shrinkage of the walls, using the old carpentry method:

Anton Karyavkin

The most responsible developers begin to cut an opening in timber walls only a year or even two after the construction of the house. During this time, it is possible to track all deformations, taking into account the characteristics of the material and the climatic characteristics of the region.

After the opening is cut, a rough frame, also known as a “frame” or “casing”, is inserted into it, into which the window structure can then be laid.

Alexander Korpachev

In all wooden houses, when installing windows, it is necessary to use a casing or frame - a wooden box that levels the load on the frame.

Between the upper part of the window opening and the frame, a technological margin of 30 to 70 mm is usually left. After installation, the stock is filled with insulation and covered with platbands on both sides.

Anton Karyavkin

The box is made from wooden blocks 50-80 mm thick.

Despite the fact that the box absorbs the deformations of the logs quite effectively, the installation joints in this type of building still remain movable. Here it is important to choose the right mounting foam - it should not collapse when the walls shrink. like this the right foam You can find it on the market, but it is relatively expensive. Therefore, experts often replace it with other materials, mainly of plant origin (tow). Of course, tape and coating materials necessary for protection assembly seams, must also have a high class of deformation resistance.

Glued laminated timber shrinks significantly less than solid logs. Eventually laminated veneer lumber deforms less than a regular log.

But it is still difficult to install windows in a wooden house with your own hands.

How to install a window in a frame house

Wooden windows can also be installed in a frame house, but plastic windows are most often used. Control of the installation of any windows at all stages should be checked using a level or plumb line, and the horizontal and vertical deviation should not exceed 1.5 mm per meter.

Anton Karyavkin

The process of installing windows in a frame house is much simpler than in a wooden one. You will still have to deal with deformations of the window opening, but they are no longer so significant.

It is better to use anchor plates as fasteners. Installation with construction screws is not recommended: they secure the frame, and deformation of the wood, in turn, can cause damage to the windows.

How to install a window in a frame house

It is important to remember that when installing a plastic window in a framed room, it is necessary to wrap it into the window opening. This is necessary in order to connect the window vapor barrier circuit with the room vapor barrier circuit.

Brick different types, concrete, aerated concrete blocks are standard Construction Materials. The technique in stone houses has been worked out for years. Fastening is carried out using dowels and construction screws; the use of anchor plates is also allowed.

Anton Karyavkin

In some cases, installation technology may be influenced by design decisions that require taking into account the linear dimensions of structures and wind load in the region.

Protection of installation joints and stages of control of installation work

Regardless of the wall material, it is necessary to protect the mounting foam from ultraviolet radiation and atmospheric moisture. Otherwise, it will become loose and lose its properties over time. To protect it, special insulating tapes and sealants are used. The latter are good because they allow you to cover any cracks and irregularities, unlike mounting tape, which requires a perfectly flat, dust-free surface.

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