Wooden buildings Today they occupy a fairly large niche in the field of private housing construction. Due to the fact that wood is a traditionally available building material in our country, the cost of such buildings is low. Technologically, wood is a very convenient and practical material. New technologies have made it possible to create ready-made structural elements, frame panels, from which you can assemble a full-fledged residential building in a matter of days. Frame houses have become a kind of know-how in the field of private housing construction, giving people the opportunity to build affordable, comfortable and inexpensive housing.
All materials, except the foundation, in such a building are made of wood or wood-based. The house structures, ready for subsequent assembly directly on site, ensure quick installation and assembly of the residential building. Having a good and durable frame, you can practice interior decoration, using all materials and components available today. Of particular interest is the aspect related to the equipment of the ceiling part in a prefabricated house. What should the ceiling be like inside? frame house due to the lack of massive and durable floors in the structure. This and many other aspects are put forward certain requirements to the ceiling structure.
Let's consider options for solving the problem that can be used in the case of frame houses.
What is a ceiling in a frame house?
The ceiling for any home, building and structure is one of the most basic structures. Frame houses in this case are no exception. As usual wooden house, the presence of a frame does not relieve the owners of the building from the need to make a beautiful, durable and reliable ceiling. First of all, a well-made ceiling design ensures good heat conservation inside the house. Secondly and thirdly, the ceiling performs an aesthetic function, creating the necessary comfort and coziness inside living spaces.
Note: the absence of a properly constructed ceiling in a frame house will negate all measures taken to heat a residential property. The ceiling creates a reliable barrier between the attic unheated space and interior spaces. For residential buildings With flat roof, the ceiling is key element, providing additional rigidity of the entire structure and the necessary thermal insulation.
In most cases, block house projects have attic floors. It is often possible to use attics, the floors of which also play the role of elements of a single thermal insulation circuit. Attic floors are the main element of single-story frame houses, whereas attic options- the prerogative of cottages and country houses. Usually the attic is a living space, but in some cases it is used for domestic purposes or for recreation. In both cases, to give the frame building the appearance of a full-fledged residential building, the installation of ceilings will be required.
In buildings such as frame houses, beam-type floors are used. To make a ceiling in such a building, you need to take into account a number of technological nuances. Frame assembly involves the use of floor beams of a certain section, as well as with the necessary laying step.
For one-story buildings with an attic floor optimal cross section beams are 50x100 mm. Frame houses with two tiers can be equipped with more massive beam structures.
Note: the construction of frame houses made of timber in several levels is allowed only if there are lower floors made of stone. The higher the building, the greater the load on load-bearing walls and partitions. Accordingly, the cross-section of the interfloor floor beams increases.
Existing standards for buildings frame type limit the installation options for ceiling structures when it comes to a one-story building. As a rule, frame houses are used the following types ceilings:
- false ceilings, under panels or for painting;
- suspended ceilings;
- tensile structures.
Due to the fact that in frame houses the rooms usually do not have a height of more than 240-260 cm, during the finishing process they try to focus on false ceilings. This allows you to save the internal volume of living space. If the house design does not have significant height restrictions, you can use suspended structures.
Technological subtleties and nuances for the ceiling in a frame house
For residential premises in a frame house, ceiling installation differs in a number of aspects. The insulation of the ceiling part was mentioned earlier. Attic floor is the basis, representing a plank shield. The rough foundation provides the necessary strength to the structure, and is done first. Due to the layer cake, the necessary insulation of the floor is achieved. Only then the entire space between the beams is filled from the inside with mineral wool or polystyrene foam to insulate the entire structure. The ceiling in a frame house already plays an aesthetic role, masking layer cake from the inside and hiding the entire main structure.
At this stage, a wide field for imagination and maneuver opens up. When working with ceilings in frame buildings, you can use the most convenient and common materials. The reason is this.
Unlike a wooden structure, where shrinkage in the first year is 8-10%, frame construction deprived similar lack. The whole reason is that only dried and treated wood is used to make the assembly panels. This feature is very convenient for use as finishing of light and durable finishing materials. Having covered the insulation layer with film as a vapor barrier, you can freely begin installing sheets of drywall and other materials on the floor beams. If desired, electrical wiring and lighting equipment can be hidden in the existing inter-beam space.
In addition to drywall, for finishing ceiling structure usually used:
- tongue and groove boards, the thickness of which does not exceed 3 cm;
- lining;
- MDF boards;
- plastic panels.
In the video you can get acquainted in detail with the process that represents the equipment and installation of the ceiling in frame houses.
Assessing the information seen, a conclusion arises. Making a ceiling in a house with your own hands is a task that is quite possible.
What materials for ceilings in frame buildings should be emphasized
Taking into account the specifics of frame houses and installation technology, we can say that the installation of the ceiling part directly involves the work of equipping the wooden floor. As a rule, similar designs do not require the use of special lifting mechanisms. A trained team of installers is capable of assembling a turnkey frame house, including installation flooring and ceiling.
For the manufacture of floors are used wooden beam. The required beam dimensions, span width and permissible distance between beams are given in the table. Data is given in meters
| Span width in meters | Distance between beams in meters | Beam cross-section in mm. |
| 2 | 1 | 120x60 |
| 2 | 0,6 | 100x70 |
| 3 | 1 | 160x110 |
| 3 | 0,6 | 140x90 |
| 4 | 1 | 200x120 |
| 4 | 0,6 | 160x120 |
| 5 | 1 | 220x160 |
| 5 | 0,6 | 180x140 |
| 6 | 1 | 250x180 |
| 6 | 0,6 | 220x140 |
Edged tongue-and-groove boards from coniferous species, the thickness of which reaches 30mm. The racks are made of timber, the cross-section of which is 100x80 mm. For installation, fastening equipment is used - construction staples and nails, the length of which is slightly greater than the thickness of the ceiling board. All installation must be carefully thought out and done strictly in accordance with the project. Otherwise, there is a risk of the wooden floor collapsing when working on the ceiling.
Modern building materials can be used to decorate the ceiling. The technology for covering the ceiling in a frame house is accessible and not complicated. The most common options for finishing the ceiling structure are: frame construction:
- suspended ceilings can be made of fabric or film material;
- drywall, which allows you to quickly level the rough base and create multi-level structures;
- lining, MDF boards, with which they are made coffered ceilings;
- plastic ceiling panels used for bathrooms and utility rooms, technical premises;
- fiberboard slabs.
The last option is the cheapest and most accessible, just like working with drywall. Economic factor in this regard is one of the most basic. Modern projects frame country houses and country houses designed for quick assembly of the structure and its readiness for subsequent use. The cost of such a building is not commensurate with the costs that may arise when installing ceilings made of expensive wood.
Conclusion
Studying information about the types of ceilings for frame buildings and finishing methods, the following conclusions arise. The house must be designed in one specific style and the ceilings in this regard are the place where the project idea is realized. Complex design V in this case does not make sense, since in most cases frame houses have non-residential attic space. The absence of a large load on the ceiling allows you to install ceilings from the most affordable and convenient finishing materials.
In order to make your home as safe and environmentally friendly as possible, it is better to focus on drywall. This material is not flammable and in addition to everything, plasterboard ceilings can be painted in any color, following a certain interior style.
Even if you are a person who is far from construction industry, then you should know that living without high-quality flooring is extremely uncomfortable. This applies to houses from different materials. Frame construction is no exception. If you properly arrange the floor structure, then with its help it will be possible to retain heat inside the premises, as well as create reliable support that will extend the life of the building for several decades.
In order to give the building strength, it is necessary to create one that will act as the basis for the future finishing coating.
Design features of the subfloor
If you are installing a floor in a frame house, then at the first stage it is worth creating a rough covering, which should be as smooth, flat and reliable as possible. Ultimately, it will be possible to lay, for example, a laminate on such a coating. The main task of such a design will be to uniformly distribute the load on the surface. This way you can eliminate the occurrence of bends and deformations of the final coating. The construction of a floor in a frame house can be carried out using several technologies, but the most popular and relevant today are logs, dry screed on the ground or wet screed on the soil surface.
Stages of constructing a subfloor on joists
If you decide to use a technique that involves the use of logs, then the work can be carried out in several stages. These elements are untreated bars that are located on the floor or ground. Their alignment should be carried out on the side where it will be covered. fine coating. To do this, you can use a regular ax. The wood is protected from aggressive factors and the effects of insects, for which the surface of the elements is treated with an antiseptic composition.
If you are laying logs on the floor, then in the upper crown of the walls you need to cut grooves where the planed logs will be laid. Among other things, the logs are installed on brick supports, which strengthen the system and extend the life of the structure. When installation rough coating carried out along the base, the soil is first covered with a 2 cm layer of crushed stone, which must be compacted. The logs are installed on support pillars, which are mounted on the foundation, and their protection from moisture will extend the life of the structure.
For reference
The flooring in a frame house can also be made of plywood, which is installed on logs. This option is budget-friendly and is durable and practical. To securely fasten the elements around the perimeter, you need to lay small bars from which to make wooden sheathing. Sheets of plywood are fixed with special screws or nails, the distance between which should be approximately 150 mm.
After completing this work, you can begin laying thermal insulation materials like mineral wool or laminate underlay.
Creating a rough coating based on a wet screed
If you are installing a floor in a frame house, you can use the technology wet screed on the ground. This technique is not always preferable because the floor surface will need to be left until completely dry, which will take several weeks. The deadline will depend on climatic conditions. Today there are two known methods of wet screed, one of which involves the use cement mortar, while the other is a self-leveling floor. The most common way to create such a base is the use of M-250 cement.
As a result, we manage to get smooth surface due to the inclusion of polymer ingredients. Among other things, they give the coating increased resistance to mechanical stress. The thickness of this system can vary from 30 to 100 mm. The screed should be additionally reinforced with metal elements.
Preparatory work
The installation of a subfloor in a frame house can be carried out using the wet screed method. On preparatory stage in this case, the base should be cleaned, removing debris, foreign objects and dirt.
On next stage Waterproofing made of polyethylene film is laid, and a tape needs to be installed around the perimeter, which will compensate for the thermal expansion of the mixture. If the surface has differences ranging from 2 to 4 mm, then beacons should be installed that guarantee a perfectly flat surface after pouring.
Work methodology
When installing the floor of a frame house on strip foundation, then at the next stage it is necessary to dilute the mixture and apply it, leveling it with a special bar. You need to get rid of any air bubbles that appear with a knitting needle, then rough screed left to dry for about a month. Once the floor has gained strength, you can use it as a rough base for laying any finishing coating, including ceramic tiles, linoleum, parquet board or laminate.
It is better to install a self-leveling floor, which will become a rough base, when leveling the surface with a slope of up to 30 mm is required. However, applying such a mixture to the ground is strictly prohibited, since the composition requires a solid base, such as a concrete screed.
The material needs protection from moisture, so installation is necessary waterproofing film. Its thickness can vary from 1 to 2 mm. The technology for laying such a solution is similar to the method described above, however, self-leveling floors dry faster, and further work It will be possible in 10 days.
Floor in a frame house on screw piles
Installation of the floor of a frame house on screw piles will involve the use of timber, channel or I-beam. Work can be carried out immediately after the construction of the pile foundation. Can be used for tying wooden beams, to which the logs are attached. The span of beams should not exceed a level of three meters. If the span is longer given value, then additional supports from piles should be used. For beams, it is recommended to be 100 mm; it is best to use coniferous wood as the material.
Before installing the piping, you need to waterproof the base using roofing material, plastic film or penofol. When installing a floor in a frame house on stilts, after installing the beams, you can proceed to laying the joists. The distance between these elements should be 500 mm. For the first floor, logs are used on piles, the cross-section of which should be 250 mm. Whereas for the second floor elements of 70x200 mm are suitable. If the spans are relatively small, which is especially true for bathrooms and bathrooms, then the cross-section of the beams can be reduced to 50x150 mm.
In order to increase the strength of the structure, you can reduce it to 40 cm. Before you start laying the logs, you need to make markings that will determine the distance between the elements. At the next stage, it is necessary to make recesses in the strapping beams along the width of the beams. As soon as the logs are laid in the grooves of the strapping, they can be secured with dowels, self-tapping screws, nails or screws.
When installing a floor in a frame house, it is recommended to review the photo in advance. Perhaps this will allow you to understand what method to carry out the work. Speaking of the above, it can be noted that square boards with a side of 30 mm are fixed to the joists from below. In order to increase the strength of the floor structure, the beams are connected by transverse jumpers, the distance between which is 150 cm. However, this condition is not mandatory.
Warm floor over slab
If you have finished building a frame house with a slab as the base, then it’s time to start installing a heated floor. The base must be clean and dry, and the maximum difference in height should not be more than 0.5 cm. Otherwise, the unevenness must be leveled out. For this, sometimes a layer of low-quality concrete is even used.
When installing a floor in a frame house on a slab, the next step is to lay waterproofing so that it also serves as a vapor barrier. For this you can use plastic film. The overlap of the canvases should be approximately 12 cm, and the seams are connected using tape. It is important to lay a thick layer of thermal insulation, which will prevent heat loss. Most practical material Penofol is recognized. in a frame house, the next stage involves laying a pipeline, which is then filled with the same
The ceiling in a frame house is the basis for the strength and reliability of the entire structure. It is this that divides the building into floors and provides it with sufficient stability and durability. Interfloor overlap in a frame house is a layer cake consisting of load-bearing structures, insulating and insulation materials. Considering that interfloor covering in a residential building is the floor and ceiling at the same time, then this cake also includes finishing materials. Many novice builders do not know exactly how to make a high-quality ceiling of the second floor in a frame house. Indeed, this is a rather responsible process that requires compliance with certain construction technologies.
A construction cake in the form of a floor slab will only serve for a long time and with high quality if all the rules for its installation are followed.
These rules are as follows:
- High bearing capacity designs. The calculation should be done on maximum load on the stove. It must withstand the weight of people and furniture and withstand strong gusts of wind without damage or deformation.
- Sufficient rigidity. The floor slab of a frame house should not sag when walking on it or carrying even very heavy loads. To do this, you need to correctly calculate the length, width and thickness ceiling beams, methods of attaching them to the harness and walls.
- Sufficient level of sound insulation. This is necessary to ensure that the inhabitants of the first floor do not experience discomfort from noise on the second level.
- Fire resistance. When creating a floor slab cake, you should choose materials that do not support combustion and prevent the spread of fire across floors.
- Low thermal conductivity. This quality is necessary when one floor is not used for living. A well-thought-out design of the interfloor floor in a frame house will protect the living level from heat in summer and cold in winter.
- Ease. Frame houses have limited strength. The basement floor can simply collapse under the pressure of the walls and the massive slab. For its construction you need to choose high-quality and lightweight materials.
During construction, you should not make excessively thick floor slabs between levels. Their insulating qualities must correspond to this parameter for panel walls.
The heaviest load is carried by the beams, which are attached to a horizontal frame installed on top of the first tier. Attach the piping of the first floor of the frame structure better with nails. They are much stronger than self-tapping screws and can withstand strong horizontal loads. Over time, the tree shrinks and decreases in volume. The nails ensure that the timber slides down to the bottom layer. In the case of self-tapping screws, they remain large gaps that require constant caulking.
As for insulation, it is recommended to use basalt wool. This is a lightweight and elastic material with incredibly low thermal conductivity and fire resistance. The cake in which mineral wool is placed has low weight and excellent soundproofing characteristics. Despite the fact that this insulation has low hygroscopicity, it is recommended to insulate it with a membrane film to protect it from dampness.
The bottom of the floor slab is sheathed sheet material. The simplest and in an inexpensive way to make the ceiling is considered to be the use of plasterboard. It is easy to process and lightweight material. Floor beams can be sheathed with plywood or OSB. The lining and block house look beautiful. Stretch ceilings They look impressive, but these products are impractical. Access to the space between them and the floor slab is extremely difficult. If rodents or insects take up residence in this space, property owners will face serious problems and expenses. The most effective in terms of cost, ease of installation and maintenance are plastic panels. This structure can be installed, dismantled and put back in a matter of hours.
On beam floor the second floor can be laid floorboard, OSB, laminate and thick plywood. The choice should be made in favor of a material that has better performance characteristics and moisture resistance.
Installation sequence
To build a high-quality and durable floor, you need to know how to calculate the thickness and frequency of beams. After this, it remains to calculate the total need for building materials and get to work. When making calculations, you should be guided by SNiP. If doubts arise, they should be interpreted in the direction of increasing hardness and strength.
Arrangement of interfloor floor slab according to frame walls carried out in the following sequence:
- Screwed onto the harness cross beams. If the purlins are longer than 400 cm, then glued boards should be used. When making long runs, the boards are fastened together with an overlay of 75-80 cm.
- Logs are attached to the beams and to the frame. Fixation is carried out with long nails and metal corners. The interval between the lags is 50-58 cm, depending on what material is chosen as insulation.
- The lower part of the frame is covered with membrane film. Sheets of plywood, OSB or untreated are nailed to the boards wooden surface. This will be the basis for insulation and finishing of the ceiling.
- The frame contains insulation. All cracks are carefully sealed. The recommended thickness of thermal insulation is 10 cm. A vapor barrier film is secured on top of the insulation with a construction stapler.
- The frame filled with insulation is covered with boards or wood boards- they will be the subfloor of the second floor.
The final stage is fine finishing floor. The choice of material is determined by the purpose and style of decoration of the entire room, the taste and financial capabilities of its owners.
The ceiling in a house is its most important element. This is not only a building divider into floors, but also a floor for the second floor, which often experiences heavy loads. Therefore, on the one hand, the ceiling must be light, like other parts of the frame house, and on the other hand, it must be quite reliable.
Required qualities of this element
What to pay attention to when building a floor for a frame house? What qualities should it have?
- Ease. Since frame houses are considered light buildings, a light foundation is placed under them. To reduce the load on the foundation, the ceiling is also made lightweight. Wood is traditionally considered the main material for such houses. It is better to choose coniferous species for frame construction, since timber or boards made of coniferous species are less susceptible to bending in places where force is applied to them.
- Rigidity. The ceiling structure must be rigid. Its deformations, bends, deflections, etc. are not allowed. It is to improve the rigidity parameters that the boards used in construction are placed with an edge.
- Strength. If it is assumed that the weight of the second floor frame building will be big enough special attention emphasis should be placed on strength. It is often necessary to use not just timber, but glued timber. It has the necessary margin of safety, so it is preferable. If you want to use a board, use elements of three connected boards. If you compare the strength of three connected boards and one piece of timber of the same thickness, then the structure of the boards will be more durable.
Do not forget that the logs for the floor of the second floor must be reinforced, and mesh or reinforcement must be laid in the screed. This will reduce the deformation of the floor. Boards or timber must be processed. If you buy timber for the floor that has already been processed thin layer wax, you must be extremely careful when installing them. Place something over the treated wood if you need to walk on it. This will preserve the treatment from abrasion, and you will not slip on a rather slippery surface.
Construction methods: what options are there
There are several types of floors that are suitable for a frame house. They differ from the material from which they are created, and from the design itself. Let's consider all the methods.
- Most often used for floor construction solid timber with oriented strand board (OSB) sheathing. Glued laminated timber, which is more durable, can also be used.
- The second way to make floors is to use an I-beam made of wood with OSB sheathing.
- You can use a wooden prefabricated truss, which is also sheathed with OSB.
- “Sandwich” panels, which are complemented by strapping made of calibrated timber, have become very popular due to the lightness of the device.
- In addition to wood, you can use metal beams cold rolled bent profile, which in its parameters is an order of magnitude stronger than wood.
- Another way to use metal is to install floors from a prefabricated metal truss based on a bent profile.
All these methods have both their pros and cons.
Step by step creation
So, where to start construction? First of all, you should pay attention to the harness. The strapping is the platform on which the boards or beams for the ceiling will be laid. During the installation of strapping in top beam we make so-called nests. It is in them that the timber from the ceiling will be laid.
If according to your plan there is a staircase to the second floor, you need to mark its location. Using timber or joined boards, we make a frame for the floor, going around the opening under the stairs. Connecting metal corners, which impart rigidity to the connection. It is believed that the use of self-tapping screws is inferior in reliability to connections with nails, but the use of self-tapping screws saves time. So, securely using nails and corners we attach the floor beam to top harness.
We waterproof the resulting floor frame in the house on both sides, for which we use either a film or a membrane.
Since when using two-story house The issue of sound insulation is acute; it is necessary to use a sound-, heat-, and waterproofing polymer. At the moment this is the most modern material for floors, and the thinnest one.
If you want to improve the thermal insulation between floors of a frame building, you can also use mineral wool or polystyrene foam, but this is not always financially rational.
The surface of the floor and ceiling is formed chipboard sheets or OSB, which are laid on logs. If possible, the joists should also go along the top trim. Flooring from OSB boards or fiberboard must be at least 2 cm thick. They are screwed on with self-tapping screws.
If you don’t want to bother with frame construction of floors in your house, pay attention to SIP panels. The panels are already finished design, which consists of OSB-3 on both sides, and inside contains polystyrene foam insulation.
In frame construction, SIP panels are used as walls, but they can also be used as floors. These are special reinforced panels with an increased threshold of rigidity and strength.
Also don't forget that concrete screed enhances sound transmission in the house, so it is better not to use it for the second floor of a frame building. In this regard, porous substances, such as expanded clay, are much better at preventing the propagation of sounds.
The foundation of a house consists not only of walls and roof, but also includesceilings in a frame house. It must meet special requirements and take into account many features. At first glance, it may seem that all ceilings are the same and should also be performed using the same technology - but this is a misconception. For example, the design basement floors is constantly subject to sharp changes not only in temperature, but also in humidity, as well as weather conditions. Accordingly, this ceiling must be erected taking into account all influencing factors in order to reduce possible damage as much as possible. The floors between floors must be durable and have adequate sound insulation to ensure the most comfortable living possible. At the same time, the attic ceiling serves as thermal insulation to keep the most optimal temperature. In connection with all these points, the requirements for the construction technique of each floor vary somewhat.
Types of floors:
- basement
- interfloor
- attic
interfloor ceiling in a frame house
The specialist talks about wooden floor: