How to insulate a panel house from the outside. How to insulate the façade walls of a panel house from the outside How to insulate a panel house from the inside

Increasing housing and communal services tariffs is leading apartment owners to search for methods of preserving heat in their premises. Not every person can afford the additional inclusion of electric heaters, especially if the heat evaporates very quickly. There are several ways out of this situation.

You can write a complaint to management company and require them to seal it interpanel seams, but quite often even such an event does not help to retain heat in the room and it is necessary to insulate the walls panel house outside.

If you notice that it’s cold in your apartment, but you can’t touch the radiators (they’re hot), then it’s time to insulate the façade of the apartment from the outside. Usually, all walls of the room facing one side are insulated, and insulation is also carried out end walls panel houses.

Advantages of external insulation

Installing insulation will not only protect against heat loss, but also improve sound insulation

External insulation is a completely justified idea. This method allows you not only to reduce heat leakage from your room, but also protects the stove from exposure environment, creating a barrier - a layer of insulation. This type insulation has a number of other advantages:

• the process of installing insulation is carried out autonomously (no need to ask neighbors to leave the premises);
• increases indoor temperature and better retains heat from heating systems;
• the overall dimensions of the room do not change, all work is carried out outside;
• gives durability to the wall structure of the house;
• insulation increases the sound insulation of the room.

Insulating the external walls of panel houses can save from 25 to 60% of the heat generated from the heating system. The amount of thermal energy saved depends on the type of insulation, its density and specific heat capacity.

Types of insulation

IN apartment buildings ventilated facades are insulated with mineral wool

Choose required material for wall insulation is not so simple. This process is influenced by a number of factors:

• climatic region;
• average rainfall in the area where the house is located;
• financial capabilities of the owner (price of material).

The most commonly used are two types insulation material: mineral stone wool and polystyrene foam.

So that when using mineral wool, the thermal insulation of the room remains at top level, you must follow the installation instructions for the product.

Mineral wool must be covered protective film, since the material is afraid of moisture

Mineral or stone wool as insulation is mainly used in the system of ventilated facades, which, if desired, can also be created on panel houses.

Features of use this insulation consist in the need to use a breathable membrane (between the wall of the building and the insulation) and waterproofing film outside the insulating product, since mineral wool afraid of direct moisture.

Foam plastic as insulation for exterior finishing walls, is optimal and most affordable option. It is light in weight and adheres quite well to the wall of the house. Polystyrene foam is produced different thicknesses. Depending on the location of the house (in the climatic zone), foam plastic with a thickness of 25 to 100 mm can be used for external wall insulation.

Do not forget that foam plastic used for external and interior works, different from each other. The main difference is the density of the material (foam plastic for outdoor use has more) and fire resistance.

The process of insulating the facade of a house

Today, there are 2 widely used types of wall insulation: ventilated facades using mineral wool and a “wet facade”, which is most often used using polystyrene foam.

It is the latter method that deserves detailed consideration, since it is less expensive and suitable for private use in separate walls panel houses. Ventilated facade systems usually cover the entire building as a whole, and such work is carried out during the construction of a house.

Surface preparation

The material is attached to a leveled and primed wall

Before attaching the elements " wet facade» to the wall of the house, you should first prepare the surface.

In this case, all deposits and bulges should be removed from the wall surface, seams falling under the insulation zone should be sealed, and all cracks should be sealed. To perform damage repair work, you can use both bitumen mastic, and special sealants that are not afraid of external influences.

After all the defects of the surface where the insulation will be attached have been eliminated, the wall should be properly primed; this step should be done twice.

Only after the primer has completely dried can you proceed to further actions.

Installation of insulation

Dowels are mounted according to a specific pattern

Insulation can be attached to the wall in three ways: with glue, using dowel fasteners, and a combined method.

Most often, a combined method of attaching foam is used. This method is labor-intensive, but also the most reliable.

Initially, the foam is glued to the wall using special mixture, which is prepared in advance in a container and brought to a certain state. This composition should be used for 30-40 minutes until its consistency thickens.

Each master does gluing foam differently. The adhesive can be applied using a notched trowel and distributed evenly over the surface, or simply in a dotted manner, creating at least 5 joints with the wall.

After the thermal insulation is attached to the wall, you need to wait some time (so that the glue dries) and install the dowels.

There are several methods for fastening foam plastic using dowels; you can familiarize yourself with them in more detail in the diagram below.

Do not forget that it is customary to install foam sheets in a checkerboard pattern so that four-beam joints are not created. All seams between the sheets should be filled with polyurethane foam, the excess of which should be removed after installation.

Fixing the plaster mesh and finishing

Polystyrene foam is a material that does not tolerate mechanical stress well and can easily be damaged by a gust of wind or begin to “crumble” due to temperature changes.

To prevent these processes from occurring, an outer reinforcing layer should be created.

A solution is applied over the reinforcing mesh

This cover is made using an adhesive composition and a reinforcing mesh, which is gradually rolled out and secured with glue, after which the entire solution is evenly distributed over the surface of the foam, forming a uniform cover.

After the glue has dried, the entire surface is sanded and can be decorated.

To decorate “wet facades”, ordinary facades are used. water-based paints and decorative plasters.

Decorative plasters type "bark beetle" or " Venetian plaster» quite expensive, but have an attractive appearance and are able to hide surface unevenness after installation. Watch this video for more details:

Installation work to create external insulation of the walls of panel houses is carried out at heights, so for this process it is advisable to involve teams of industrial climbers or an elbow tower.

If you have experienced the purchase or sale of apartments, then you have noticed that buyers do not really like corner apartments or rooms. What is this connected with? Although it is much easier to ventilate such an apartment in summer, the view from the windows opens on two or even three sides.

But there is one significant drawback. Very often, with the arrival of frost, residents of corner apartments suffer from insufficient heat. If the temperature outside is around zero, and heating season has not yet begun, uncomfortable conditions are being created inside such an apartment. It appears, the windows fog up, the floor becomes cold, and the bed becomes damp.

The main reason for this is the presence of three walls that have access to the outside and are therefore subject to the greatest influence low temperatures. In winter, even if available central heating, the situation is only getting worse.

The walls can freeze completely, especially in the corners, interior decoration will begin to fall off, mold and mildew will appear. Staying in such an apartment will not only be uncomfortable, but also unsafe, especially for children. After all, they are most susceptible to the occurrence of diseases caused by.

What to do in such a situation? Many people try to establish additional radiators heating, but this, most often, does not solve the problem or solves it, but not completely. Dampness moves to the ceiling, forming places where mold accumulates.

What is the right thing to do in such a situation? The best solution is that you need to try to insulate the walls. How can I do that? How to do it? We'll try to figure it out now. What is the best way to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside? First, let's look at what types exist.

Today, the market for thermal insulation materials is extensive, represented by various products. All of them are divided according to the place of their installation: outside the wall or inside the room.

Each of them has both disadvantages and advantages. When installing any of them, you must strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions.

When buying a heat insulator, you should pay attention to the following parameters:

• heat conductivity;
• air permeability;
• waterproofing properties;
• environmental Safety;
• fire resistance;
• operating time.

Using quality material, you can insulate the corner without any problems. What is the best insulation for walls inside an apartment? What is the best way to insulate walls from the inside?

Minvata

This heat insulator is the most popular; it is made from basalt fiber. He has wonderful thermal insulation properties, admits good ventilation air, but does not tolerate excess moisture well. This material has a high degree of fire safety and does not emit toxic substances when exposed to direct fire.

When installing mineral wool, special guides are used, and the installation process itself does not require special effort, because light material and elastic. Is it possible to insulate walls with it? But over time, these qualities can cause it to lose its shape.

The environmental component is also ambiguous - the material emits a small amount of harmful gases. Some people do not use it because of the significant weight gained during installation of the structure.

Polystyrene foam insulation

The name speaks about the process of its creation. That is, the material is created by foaming polystyrene under high pressure. The price of such material is quite affordable, it is easy to assemble and install, which makes it a popular heat insulator.

It has good thermal insulation properties, it is environmentally friendly and safe. It can be used for both interior and exterior work. It can be mounted on walls made of any material.

The process is quite simple and not labor-intensive. The advantages include its huge service life. But of course there are also disadvantages.

So, due to poor water permeability, on wooden walls Condensation can accumulate, which leads to their destruction, and it is also highly flammable. The insulation of a concrete wall from the inside can be carried out perfectly using this material.

Extruded polystyrene foam

This material is the most popular insulation. It is elastic and easy to process. The disadvantages include the difficulty in joining sheets.

There is a material on sale in which the edge is made in the form of protrusions, which makes it much easier installation work.

has good moisture resistance, it is lightweight, convenient for installation work.

Use of polystyrene foam

This is an excellent material for insulating apartment walls. It contains more than 95% gas, so it is an excellent heat insulator.

It is distinguished by its low cost, excellent waterproofing, and fire safety. Polystyrene foam is used at any temperature, being an environmentally friendly material.

Application of keramoizol

It's relative new material. It is sold in containers of various sizes, as it represents liquid material. Has excellent thermal insulation properties. Keramoizol is a durable, waterproof and vapor-tight product.

During installation, several layers are applied, and for better thermal insulation - six. The layers are laid perpendicular to each other. This material has proven itself only with the best side.Its only and main disadvantage is its high price.

Penoizol insulation

Thermal insulation material - penoizol is a type of polyurethane and is used in the form of foam. The advantage is the quick installation of the material in a brick building., forming a layer required thickness heat insulator, no seams or joints.

Excellent thermal insulation and waterproofing properties, the material is non-flammable and environmentally friendly. But perhaps its main advantage is the low cost of work, almost two times less than when using conventional materials.

Using Astratek

Asstratek is a suspension; solid particles are represented by various polymers. To apply to the wall, use a spray gun or install it manually paint brush. Excellent insulation, just one centimeter of layer is similar to fifty centimeters of a mineral wool slab.

Does not take up the interior space of the room, forms a smooth, uniform surface that requires minimal processing for applying the cladding. The main limiting factor for large-scale application is its high cost.

How to insulate the walls in an apartment from the inside? It's up to you to decide.

How to insulate walls in a panel and monolithic house?

How to insulate walls from the inside? How to insulate concrete wall from the inside? How to do this correctly? To insulate a wall from the inside, consider step by step instructions insulation of walls and partitions in a panel house from the inside.

Algorithm of actions:

• First you need to prepare the walls. To do this, you need to remove furniture, clean the walls of finishing material before plaster. Therefore, this procedure should be combined with repair work in your apartment;
• next must be done. It is best to use special polymers, but you can also use regular plastic film. It is applied directly to the walls, the places where the strips are fastened are glued. To do this, use construction tape;
• Next we install the sheathing; you can use both wooden and metal guides. In the first case, the tree must be treated with antiseptics and fire-fighting solutions. When installing the sheathing, the step size must be selected depending on the insulation, so as not to form gaps and voids;
• then we directly lay the heat insulator, that is, we insulate the walls. It should fit into the openings between the sheathing. Many materials are designed in such a way that during installation they straighten out and fill the entire form, this significantly reduces installation time;
• installation . By installing it, we protect our insulation from wet steam, which is always present in the apartment. Under no circumstances should these measures be neglected, as moisture will begin to accumulate in the insulation. As a result of this, the product will lose its properties, and all your work will be lost.

The vapor barrier film is laid without gaps or omissions, the joints and cracks are treated with sealants;

• installation . It is necessary to choose a material suitable for installation in residential premises. When installing sheets, it is important to follow the instructions, and then you should do the necessary procedures for installing facing materials.

How to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside? Insulate a corner apartment in a panel or monolithic house you can by following these six steps.

Installing insulation on brick walls

How to insulate brick walls inside an apartment with your own hands? Corner walls V brick house can be insulated using the same method as in a panel one. Therefore, we will analyze the work of installing material made from polystyrene.

Insulating a wall in an apartment from the inside:

• clean the walls down to the plaster. If it is missing, then it should be applied. After this, the walls must be leveled, cracks repaired and then treated with a primer;
• you need to prepare the glue according to the manufacturer's recommendations and apply it to the walls that you will insulate. In the beginning, you can use a regular spatula. You need to apply glue to the walls, then take a notched trowel and go around the entire perimeter again. This is done in order to create an uneven surface of the glue. This promotes better adhesion of the insulation;
• how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside? Next, we take sheets of thermal insulation and begin installing them on the walls. First of all, the very bottom row is laid. We apply the polystyrene sheet tightly and press it through; you do not need to use dowels or other fastening materials. When installing, use a level and carefully join the edges so that no gaps form; if necessary, cut the sheets. The next row is installed so that the junction of the two sheets is in the middle bottom sheet. This will give greater durability to the entire structure.

Watch the surface of the insulation so that unevenness does not form, because when final finishing this will bring additional difficulties.

• After you have installed the thermal insulation, you can begin finishing works. If you plan to cover the walls with plasterboard, then no additional work on the insulation is required. If you plan to cover it with a layer of plaster, putty, wallpaper, or paint, then you need to treat it with a primer, then install a mesh of reinforcing fiber. After this, you can begin to apply layers of plaster or putty.

By following these steps, you can insulate corner room from the inside.

Insulation of walls using the “electric floor” method

How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside according to this method? Insulation of the apartment from the inside is carried out as follows. First of all, you need to attach the “” sheets to the wall using fastening materials.

After this, we connect the sheets to electrical network apartments. At the very severe frost turn on the system and warm up the walls until they are completely dry. After this, we lay thermal insulation to prevent heat loss. Then you can start tiling the walls.

So, if you decide to insulate the walls of a corner apartment, you need to choose a material based on the type of walls and the price range of the heat insulator. Then it is important to consider the method of installation and subsequent cladding.

You should also pay attention to the following aspects:

• installing insulation reduces the volume of the room;
• poorly performed work can lead to mold;
• For comfortable life ventilation must be installed.

By strictly adhering to the rules, you can insulate your apartment and create comfort in it. Insulating the walls of an apartment from the inside is a fairly simple process.

AND inside(you can insulate the front, rear, end wall) is carried out according to the instructions. Insulated corner apartment– this is great because you can enjoy comfort.

Panel houses were considered chic during Khrushchev's construction. Insulation of the facade of a panel house - quick and cheap technology made it possible to put into operation a huge number of square meters, with which residents still suffer. In roofless buildings with thin walls sometimes too wet and cold. The inner surfaces of the walls are infected with fungus, and mold can even grow in the bathroom.

Figure 1. External insulation of the entire house.

The best option for all residents may be insulation of the facade of a panel house. It is not only Khrushchev houses that suffer from such “diseases”. Technology panel housing construction still popular and far from perfect. Therefore, the method should be adopted by all residents of “panelkas”.

I love it building structure can be insulated from the outside and inside. In any case, we will get a cake that will consist of structural material and insulation. Insulation is a material with low thermal conductivity, the main task of which is to prevent loss heat from the apartment.

If you insulate the house from the inside, then there is a high probability of condensation on the inner layer walls behind insulation. This is due to the fact that the air flow gradually heats up to temperature inside the building, passing layer by layer pie from the enclosing structure. At some point, the temperature of the air flow reaches the dew point and condensation occurs. This is useful for the indoor climate, since less heat will be spent heating dry air, but for structural materials such a shower threatens with huge problems.

If insulation is carried out from the outside, the dew point will shift into the thickness of the insulation, which ideally should not be harmed. Advantages of external insulation:

1. Dew point offset.
2. Protection of the enclosing structure from getting wet.
3. Does not occupy the interior space of the apartment.
4. Does not require high-quality and expensive vapor barrier.

Any heating engineer, if possible, will choose external insulation, this is confirmed building codes and rules. Usage internal insulation This is always an extreme measure or unprofessionalism.

Materials for insulating the walls of panel houses outside

Today's market for thermal insulation materials is huge, but there are products that are deservedly considered classics thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside.

Among these materials are:

• mineral wool;
• sandwich panels;
• Styrofoam.

Figure 2. Expanded polystyrene for facade insulation.

Let's look at each of the options separately to understand what advantages this or that type of insulation has.

Mineral wool

Mineral or stone wool usually called insulation based on extruded stone chips. The point of using stone is that it creates a foam slab with stable walls. Inner space such slabs 90% filled with air. And today air is the material with the lowest thermal conductivity. Therefore, all insulation materials include air.

There are three types of mineral wool:

1. Basalt mineral wool with a synthetic binder. This is the most popular option. If you hear someone talking about mineral wool, then most likely they mean this type of insulation. Mats made from this material are loved by all heating engineers for their ease of installation, low cost and good thermal insulation properties. However, basalt wool is used extremely rarely for insulating façade houses, since its installation requires a frame that must be thermally insulated separately to prevent cold bridges from appearing.
2. Glass wool. It was used everywhere for insulation in the last century. Now it is completely unsuitable as insulation: it constantly crumbles, falls off quickly and is extremely dangerous to install. When installing basalt mineral wool slabs It is enough to use a respirator. To install glass wool blocks, you will have to protect your entire body. Besides thermal insulation characteristics the material is very mediocre.
3. Mineral wool based on cellulose. The name speaks for itself. This is a fire hazardous insulation made from foamed paper residues. The main advantage that manufacturers are trying to cling to is environmental friendliness. But the insulation does its job poorly, and therefore there is no particular point in using it.

Sandwich panels

Sandwich panels are used primarily due to the possibility of quick installation. The panel itself is insulation sandwiched between two layers of structural material. The following acts as insulation:

1. Foamed polyurethane. High quality but expensive material. It is not profitable to use it to insulate the facade of an apartment panel building. But a sandwich panel with such insulation is perfect for a private home.
2. Mineral wool. This insulation has already been mentioned earlier; all its properties are transferred here completely. The use of sandwich panels protects the mineral wool board from precipitation, making installation easier.
3. Styrofoam. These are the most popular sandwich panels. The insulation used makes them lightweight and quite effective.

Styrofoam

Styrofoam is the most popular material in Russia for insulating building facades. The undoubted advantage of this insulation is that it is absolutely not susceptible to moisture, when the basalt mineral wool slab turns into rags over time. As a rule, the service life of such insulation does not exceed 10 years. Foam manufacturers guarantee from 30 to 50 years of service.

Figure 3. Insulating the facade with polystyrene foam.

Attached to the façade is polystyrene foam using dowels or with special glue. And most often, both methods are combined to create a reliable fastening.

Methods of external insulation of facades

In total there are two installation method insulation on the building facade:

1. Dry method or ventilated facade.
2. Wet method.

Each technology has its own advantages, so we will consider each option separately.

Insulation of facades ventilated facade

The dry method does not involve the use of mixtures with added water. In order to create thermal insulation layer using this method, a thermal shield is made from insulation materials, which are covered with panel materials. The materials we have already discussed are used as insulation materials. The façade is called ventilated because a small air gap is left between the panel material and the insulation to ventilate the insulation.

Facade insulation wet facade

This method involves insulation façade surfaces using specialized mixtures water based. These mixtures can have different compositions. IN Lately Cellulose-based foam insulation is increasingly being used. The main advantage of this method: filling all cracks and holes. The wet method does not leave cold bridges through which heat can flow out of the room.

Insulation technology

Regardless of the used insulation installation technologies, procedure wall preparation required. All materials are purchased before installation. Purchasing additional consumables during the process is a poor calculation of materials, which can lead to poor-quality installation of insulation.

Preparation of materials

As a rule, workers have an outline plan of the building. This means the required quantity material you can always calculate. This is the area of ​​the walls minus the area of ​​the windows. The resulting insulation area needs to be increased by 20 percent. Based on the consumption per insulation area, fasteners are calculated and the required tools are pretended to be. Approximate consumption of fasteners per sq.m. insulation is contained on the manufacturers' websites.

All foam sheets or mineral wool slabs must be unpacked on the ground, laid out and molded. As a rule, any insulation can be easily cut with a saw or a special knife.

Required materials and tools

In addition to the insulation, you will have to purchase a sealant for seam sealing. For different insulation materials different consumables are required. In the case of using polystyrene foam, in addition to the sealant you need to buy reinforcing mesh, plaster, glue and dowels.

For mineral wool you will need self-tapping screws and iron slats. Self-tapping screws and glue are needed for installing sandwich panels.

Here is a sample list of tools for surface insulation building:

1. scaffolding for work at heights;
2. a set of spatulas for sealing joints, preparing walls and applying glue;
3. drill;
4. insurance.

After all the tools are ready and the materials are molded, you can begin installing the insulation.

Preparing the walls

First of all, the old coating is removed: plaster and cracked paint are cleaned from the surface panel walls Houses. IN mandatory you need to coat all joints with putty and seal all the cracks in the panels with plaster or mortar. Installation of insulation is carried out only in the most clean, flat wall. If the wall is sloping, this must be taken into account during installation. We’ll tell you exactly how a little later.

Figure 4. Insulation of the facade of a multi-storey building.

Once the walls are prepared, you can begin installing the insulation. We will describe in detail only the installation of foam plastic, as the most popular and effective material.

Installation of insulation

On the wall glue is applied one by one, from bottom to top, foam plates are attached.

Important! If the wall is uneven, then you can use glue to level it, but no more than 2 cm. For large distortions, you will have to come up with a more expensive method.

After all the plates are glued, you need to additionally attach the foam with dowels. To do this, a hole is drilled through the slab, the length of which should reach the wall. After this, the expansion umbrella is inserted and the dowel is driven in. The umbrella should be on the same surface as the rest of the insulation plane; to do this, it needs to be recessed a little. This is necessary for subsequent reinforcement. Nothing complicated about installation of foam plastic no, it's fast enough and reliable way provide thermal protection building.

Insulation of interpanel seams

When preparing the walls, it is necessary to sealing interpanel seams. To do this you need:

1. Open the joint.
2. Clean the seam from old putty, sealant and dirt.
3. The next step is to prepare the substrate for new insulation. To do this, the seam is filled with polyurethane foam.
4. Not yet frozen foam the heat-insulating tube is recessed.
5. The tube foams on top. After hardening, excess polyurethane foam are cut off.
6. The entire joint is sealed with sealant.

When installing insulation, its joints must not coincide with the joints of the panels. It's better to do everything overlapping.

Reinforcement

Polystyrene foam does not need panel materials like mineral wool. However, this is a fragile material, so it is covered with plaster. To do this, the insulation is reinforced, after which the iron mesh is attached to the surface using dowels.

Figure 5. External wall insulation.

For multi-storey buildings reinforcement is done end-to-end. The lap process can cause the plaster layer to delaminate. As preparation for reinforcement holes are created for the dowels. After the mesh is tensioned, pins are driven into these holes.

Padding

The reinforced surface must be primed before puttying. It is better to apply the primer in 3 layers, and plaster immediately after drying.

Plaster

Plastering and painting, allows you to hide foam plastic under a beautiful facade. Not a single person will notice the joints between the panels of the house or the insulation sheets. At the same time, the house will look updated, as if after a major renovation.

Painting

Painting the plaster waterproof paints. If the insulation budget is large enough, then you can use insulating paint to secure the material. However, this pleasure is not cheap, so you should think twice about such expenses.

Particularly difficult sections of walls

Particularly difficult areas are corners and windows. To insulate corners must be sealed. You will have to install high-quality double-glazed windows in the window openings, and still cover the end parts with foam plastic, followed by reinforcement and plaster. Do not forget that after final finishing, the facade of the building should look like a single whole.

Panel buildings have weak heat-saving properties. To insulate them, it is worth using heat-saving materials of greater thickness than for houses made of wooden beam, brick. Insulation panel walls outside - best option, which will save up to 50% of heat indoors.

This option is attractive because there is no need to look for temporary housing during the renovation; after the work is completed, the cubic capacity of the apartment does not change. External insulation protects panel houses from freezing, thawing, moisture accumulation, and other atmospheric phenomena.

Preparing for insulation

Thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside is carried out by teams of craftsmen. This work can be mastered independently by those who are engaged in industrial mountaineering, that is, directly working as a high-altitude installer. Preparatory work before gluing the thermal insulation material look like this:

1. Check the tightness of the joints between the slabs of the building. If there are cracks, they are thoroughly cleaned of dust, debris, and dirt for subsequent sealing.
2. After cleaning, the joints are dried and primed. From the inside, the cracks are sealed with porous nairite, poroizol for maximum insulation.
3. When the joints are processed and sealed, they are primed again, then coated with bitumen mastic.
4. After the mastic has dried, begin cleaning the walls. They clean off old peeling plaster and paint, after which the surfaces are primed, which will improve the adhesion of the wall and the adhesive.

Tools that craftsmen use for their work:

• Equipment for industrial mountaineering;
• Bucket, perforator, shovel and drill for it, hammer;
• Umbrellas for attaching insulation, construction knife.

Insulation materials

External insulation of panel buildings is carried out using traditional materials:

• Glass wool – fibrous material with good elasticity and strength. It is produced in slabs; when working with it, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment.
• Foam plastic - foamed plastic with low thermal conductivity, low price, ease of cutting and installation.

Modern thermal insulation materials have the advantages of their predecessors and new advantages. To carry out the work use:

• Polyurethane foam, initially liquid, after hardening, solid insulation, which is poured into the cracks, filling the smallest voids. Retains heat well, ideal for processing hard to reach places, after hardening it forms a monolithic seamless surface.
• Extruded polystyrene foam, which has frost resistance, low thermal conductivity, and does not absorb water.
• Basalt wool, produced from basalt rocks. It is environmentally friendly and has a service life of up to 40 years.
• Mineral wool is a fibrous insulation made from silicates, slag, and rocks. Attracts with its environmental friendliness and ease of installation.

Advantages of external thermal insulation of panel houses

• The wall acquires an aesthetic appearance.
• Mechanical and shrinkage deformations of panels are reduced.
• Temperature fluctuations in the structure are reduced.
• Water absorption of surfaces is reduced, providing an optimal microclimate inside the home.
• The insulation prevents the destruction of structures, creating a reliable moisture barrier.
• Sealing the seams between the slabs increases the heat capacity of the structure and ensures maximum sound and vibration absorption.

Exterior insulation technology for a panel house

Insulation of the facade and end walls of panel houses is carried out:

• Dry method, including installation of a heat shield on outer surface buildings.
• Wet method with application of liquid building mixtures, for example, decorative plaster.
• Combined, including both of the above technologies.

Advantages wet method the fact that the material is applied in a continuous layer, preventing the formation of cold bridges on the surface of the walls. Decorative plasters give buildings an attractive appearance.

The advantages of the dry method are a wide range of thermal insulation materials and insulation options. The heat shield is strong, durable, and weather resistant.

Work process

After the inspection and processing of the joints between the panels, they proceed directly to cladding the walls and insulating the panel house from the outside. The most common material used is expanded polystyrene sheets. For gluing insulation, ready-made construction materials are used. adhesive compositions. They are applied to polystyrene foam boards, after which they are attached tightly to each other.

Laying begins from the bottom up; if necessary, a level limiter is installed at the bottom. Rotational movements distribute the adhesive mixture evenly under the sheet. Another way is to apply the insulation, moving it to the side a couple of centimeters, then, lightly pressing on the sheet, shift it by Right place. Until the adhesive mixture has dried, the sheets are secured with plastic umbrella dowels using a hammer and a hammer drill.

Important: The length of the dowel must be equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 6 cm. For 1 m2 you will need 4 “umbrellas. You should not use metal dowels, which can easily become cold bridges, reducing the temperature inside the home.”

Then, using a spatula, a reinforcing mesh is installed on top of the heat-insulating materials, which they begin to glue from the end and facade corners of the building. The adhesive mixture is applied to the surface, a reinforcing mesh is placed on top with an overlap of 10 cm, pressing it 2-3 mm into the glue. After this, level the plane with a 2nd layer of glue. When the glue dries, begin finishing the walls on the outside.

Thermal insulation using new materials using modern technologies

The walls of panel buildings today are insulated from the outside with polyurethane foam or penoplex.

Polyurethane foam is not afraid of temperature changes, high humidity. It is available in panels standard width 1.115 m, arbitrary length, thickness - from 25 to 100 mm. The boards can be with a foil layer, coated with paper and cached polyethylene, or paper interspersed with foil. The panels are glued to adhesive mixtures, used for the installation of penoplex, can be reinforced on top with mushroom-shaped screws.

Penoplex is many times denser than polystyrene foam, is non-flammable, and has high density. Available in slabs 12060 cm thick, 2-10 cm thick, sometimes with foil on one side. It is laid outside the panel walls as desired, vertically, horizontally, secured with umbrella screws.

Important: If you use penoplex, you should pay attention that ceramic tile does not adhere well to its surface. For reliable adhesion, heavy-duty adhesives are used.

• Before installation thermal insulation material walls should be treated with antifungal compounds.
• Whatever work is carried out, it is worth using a building level.
• Thermal insulation outside is more effective than similar work indoors.
• In parallel with the thermal insulation of the walls, it is worth sealing the cracks in window openings, under the window sill, glaze the balcony. This will significantly improve the indoor microclimate.
• Additionally, installing a “warm floor” system inside the apartment will help to insulate the walls.

Methodology " Warm seam» for sealing interpanel joints.

Last time we dealt with the fact that different ways. Today we will tell you everything about insulating a panel house from the outside: what materials are used, what glue is best to attach them to, what methods are available. It has been repeatedly noticed that a lot of companies do outright hackwork, the results of which are deplorable. Either the thermal insulation does not work or disappears altogether, especially on the upper floors, where gusts of wind are quite significant. Sometimes, even if everything is done according to technology, the result is simply scary to look at - everything is crooked, ugly, not like people’s. Therefore, you have to control everything, delve into the nuances, ask questions. Yes, this irritates the workers, but that is their problem. The main thing is a high-quality result - without compromise.

Insulation of interpanel seams

There are gaps between the plates that must be completely sealed. You can’t rely on the highest degree of responsibility of builders, so it also happens that there is blowing from the corners. But this does not necessarily happen due to someone’s negligence, thermal insulation material grows old, decays, nothing lasts forever. Replacing old insulation and high-quality sealing of seams can completely remove the issue of insulating external walls in panel houses.

Contractors offer several options for sealing joints between panels:

• primary sealing;
• secondary sealing;
• warm seam

Primary insulation of seams in panel houses includes laying the Vilaterm sealing harness and applying sealant (mastic).

The work is carried out at new facilities where the seams were not previously sealed. Secondary insulation is carried out with or without opening the seam, where the joints are already insulated and sealed. If the seam does not open, then only sealing with mastic is carried out. Naturally, the surfaces are first cleaned of dust.

Materials for insulating seams in panel houses.

If the seam is opened, then everything happens already well-known scenario primary sealing, only first everything that was in it is removed from the joint. If only you knew what they are missing from the seams, even rags. The most capital option is to insulate seams in panel houses using the “warm seam” technology:

• the joint is opened and all the insulation is removed from it;
• internal surfaces are cleaned with a metal brush, dust is removed;
• if necessary, joints are treated with antiseptics against fungi;
• the seam cavity is blown out with polyurethane foam;
• Vilaterm is installed;
• the joint is covered with mastic (such a sealant).

Now let's look at the materials and tools for insulating interpanel seams in panel houses. The joints are opened using a special hammer for industrial mountaineering. On the one hand, it is sharp, the head of the tool is hardened and galvanized, there is a movable ring for attaching to a safety system and a hole for creating a carabiner chain. The weight of the tool is just over 0.7 kg, the length of the handle is about 30 cm, the length of the head is about 15 cm.

If there is no special hammer, use a regular chisel, but this is not very convenient, since both hands are involved. The foam for the seams is two-component polyurethane with a minimum percentage of expansion (Makroflex pro) so that the sealing strand does not squeeze out. Vilaterm is a product made of foamed polyethylene, similar to a cover for , only without longitudinal section. Due to the air cavity inside the bundle, its thermal insulation qualities become higher. The diameter of Vilaterm is selected so that it is slightly more seam and inserted with some effort. Work is carried out only in dry and windless weather, minimum temperature-15 degrees.

Method of insulating external walls in panel houses

Method of insulating external walls with foam plastic “Wet facade”.

Let's look at how to insulate panel house outside using the wet facade method. It's quite simple:

• apply adhesive to foam boards and press them against the wall;
• after the glue has hardened, the slabs are secured with dowels;
• the first layer of putty is applied on top of the foam;
• until the first layer has dried, reinforcement mesh and plastic corners are embedded in it;
• applied finishing layer putties;
• a visor is installed along the upper edge of the insulation;
• The finishing putty is primed and painted.

The slabs are laid according to the principle brickwork, with the seams shifted to the side by half the slab. If working surface perfectly flat, then the glue can be applied with a notched trowel over the entire surface of the foam sheets. If the surface is uneven, then dot it with flat cakes. How to apply the adhesive foam is indicated on the bottle.

We looked at how to insulate a wall from the outside in a panel house correctly; in practice, you can see the picture when foam panels are attached only to dowels. Such craftsmen should be kicked out - this is a gross mistake, because of which the insulation will be of no use. When there is no glue, there is a single air layer under the insulation layer. It’s definitely not possible to completely seal the ends of the insulation; as a result, air gap air will circulate, as in a ventilated façade.

Cold street air will take all the heat from the walls, and the insulation layer in this case will simply hang on the wall. Even heating engineers calculate the degree of heat loss of materials up to the ventilation gap, that is, everything that is located behind the ventilated gap does not perform any insulating function. Therefore, there must be glue in any case, at least to separate one slab from another, so that air cannot circulate under the foam layer.

Insulation of a panel house - briefly about the main thing

Faced with the need to reduce the heat loss of an apartment in a panel house, you need to consider the issue in the following sequence:

• sealing seams between panels;
• insulation of external walls with foam plastic using the wet facade method.

Sealing the joints may be enough to make it warmer. This will cost much less than insulating the end walls of panel houses. If you are not satisfied with the result, then you will have to insulate with polystyrene foam; naturally, the effect of insulating the walls in tandem with sealing the seams will be greater. The polystyrene foam is attached to the wall using universal dry glue, which is diluted with water, or foam glue. Additionally, fixation is carried out with dowels. Foam is better than regular glue, it is more reliable and easier to work with. At the same time, it will be more profitable in terms of price to buy adhesive foam if it is used as recommended by the manufacturer.

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