Making a skylight is relatively easy, but it is worth remembering that there is a large number of their varieties, therefore, before starting work or hiring specialists, you need to clearly decide what kind of design you want to see. Not only the cost, but also the functionality and appearance of the window depends on this. Each product type requires different designs rafter system; Let’s talk in more detail about what types of windows there are.
Types of windows
Dormer windows
Dormer windows are quite common. They are installed in a special niche in the roof. The main feature of this design is the large number of connections; it requires high precision and measurements, so it will not be possible to assemble the frame by eye. The frame is attached to the main roof; To assemble such a window, you will need to hire a specialist who can at least create a competent drawing. In order to have a place to insert the window, you will need to cover the pediment with plywood and finish the facade. After this, the roofing materials can be placed on the roof at the height of the main covering. The joints between the window and the roof will need to be insulated; waterproofing will not hurt. These are relatively difficult to install; you need to have a good understanding of how this installation is carried out.
Dormer windows
The second common type of windows are. They are good sources light and can block the path of water, they need to be installed on roofs with a slope of at least 15-20 degrees. Dormer window - technically complex design, which has good characteristics. This window resists perfectly weather conditions, does not allow moisture and cold to pass through.
It is unlikely that you will be able to make such a window yourself; if you want a high-quality sealed structure, it is better to purchase it at a window factory or in a store. Such windows are relatively inexpensive. The roof window is secured using a special plate. To drain away precipitation, the frame is equipped with a special metal frame; it encloses the window on all sides. Somewhat higher than the central part, the window has special hinges. They are needed so that the sash can be opened, but at the same time water flows onto the roof and does not enter the room.
Installation of a window opening in a finished roof
Frame dormer window: work order
After the rafter legs are installed, they are placed on them cross beams, The bottom beam should be flush with the wall, and the top beam should be the same height as the window. The upper bar, located across, will hold vertical racks designs. The resulting frame must be fastened with timber, which is laid lengthwise. After this, the roof rafters are made in the image rafter system for a dormer window.
If dormer windows for the roof of private houses can be installed after the building has been erected, then it is advisable to install dormer windows immediately at the time of construction of the house, otherwise the roof truss system will have to be redone.
Greetings, dear readers!
Construction term for important detail roofs called “dormer window”, according to explanatory dictionary Dalia means an opening prepared “for hearing.”
This is not an exact definition of the functional abilities of the window with the definition of “auditory” suggests that Vladimir Dal, of course, was a writer, ethnographer, doctor and very educated person, but had nothing to do with construction.
If he were a builder, he would give a different definition to this element, which is installed on almost all pitched roofs and not intended at all for the unhindered penetration of sound waves.
Why and how dormer windows are installed correctly, you will learn by reading this article.
Dormer window - what is it?
A window opening in a roof slope, in which a vertical frame is installed, closed at the top and sides, is called a dormer window.
Initially, such a window was conceived as a way to ventilate the under-roof space, but over time it became one of the elements of the roof structure that can simultaneously perform several functions.
To add a “zest”, to enliven and decorate the roof of any house - this is one of the purposes of the dormer window that he purchased for long years its operation.
By changing its appearance and dimensions, the window began to evoke different visual associations and received many original titles: “bull’s eye”, “frog’s mouth”, “pike window”, “gnome’s house”, “bat”.
When houses in densely populated cities could no longer accommodate all their residents, they had to look for a way out: how to expand the living space. And it was found interesting solution This task is to arrange attics in the attic spaces.
Simultaneously with the arrangement of the attic space, another important function appeared at the dormer window - to serve as a source of natural light.
Thus, as a result of all kinds of additions and changes, the usual “birdhouse” on the roof has become architecturally and structurally necessary part installation of the roof and the premises under the roof.
Subsequently, in order for dormer windows to perform efficiently all the functional duties added over time, they began to be installed in certain areas of the roof space, which are located in the southern direction.
When a dormer window is installed on a conventional uninhabited attic, and its main purpose is to ventilate the space under the roof, then instead of a frame a simple ventilation grill can be inserted into the opening.
It allows the dormer window to cope as much as possible with the responsibility initially assigned to it.
As a result, there are no such negative phenomena in the attic space as:
- condensate, into which warm air is converted, penetrating under the roof from the lower floors and sharply cooling in the under-roof space. In the absence of proper ventilation, this phenomenon not only has a detrimental effect on the roof, but can have a destructive effect on load-bearing structural elements and significantly reduce their trouble-free operation;
- formation of fungus and mold, which at comfortable conditions They may well find a way and move into the room located under the attic. Sometimes residents upper floors residential buildings long time They are trying to cope with black spots in the corners and under the ceiling in their apartment, without finding the true cause of this phenomenon. But installing a dormer window can help them completely solve this issue - for additional access fresh air into the under-roof space.
There is another meaning in installing a roof element called a “dormer window” that does not lie on the surface, but has a special meaning for the reliability of the roof structure and its operation in strong winds.
Only a flat roof is not subject to air pressure.
All single-, double-slope, and also broken protruding roof structures are built with the expectation of providing decent resistance to wind loads.
Left unattended, the wind load factor can destroy the roof, gradually creating vibration and loosening load-bearing structure.
Destruction can also occur simultaneously when, due to high speed air flow outside the building under the roof creates an air vacuum. The stronger the wind, the more difference pressure outside and under the roof, and this in some cases ends with the entire roof lifting like a balloon taking off.
The installation of a dormer window in the roof is designed to counteract this scenario - at first glance, an ordinary ventilation opening, but in fact structural element, taking into account the complex laws of physics.
It is this window that is the valve that, if necessary, will operate and relieve the under-roof space from excess pressure.
Even if the dormer window is closed not by a ventilation grille, but by a glazed frame, the air flow is more likely to squeeze out the glass than to have a destructive effect on the roof itself.
Technology for installing a dormer window on the roof in the video:
Design features of a classic dormer window
A standard dormer window is a design rectangular shape, which is an additional roofing superstructure. Its purpose is to, without allowing precipitation to enter the under-roof space, to provide access to fresh air and daylight.
A conventional dormer window is installed in the space between the rafters so as not to disturb the supporting structure of the roof. If it is necessary to ensure greater air access, it is possible to install several dormer windows in the spaces between the rafters in one row or one above the other.
Classic dormer window looks like glass window frame with ventilation holes around it covered ventilation grille in the form of blinds. If the window has small sizes, then it is, as a rule, closed only with a ventilation grill.
Often, this type of window openings combines the function of doors for free access to the roof surface if the building is not equipped with a fire escape.
For attic space A difference of about 5-10 degrees compared to the air temperature outside the building is considered optimal.
Temperature values that differ upward will be fraught with the formation of condensation on internal structure. And this, in turn, may require the use special materials, able to withstand high humidity.
Such troubles are dealt with by installing dormer windows, which come in different shapes and design features.
The most popular are:
- single-pitched. One of the longest used and structurally simplest auditory roof structures. The roof angle of this window should be about 15 0. Increasing this size is permissible only if the roof itself has a significant slope. If this rule is not followed, water may flow in at the junction of the main roof with the roof of the dormer window, which will require additional measures to waterproof this area;
- gable. Just like lean-to roofs, they have been installed on roofs since the Middle Ages. This is confirmed by many historical architectural monuments that have preserved these decorations on the roof to this day.
A distinctive feature of the gable auditory structure is the relative complexity of its installation. To do this, it is necessary to correctly calculate the connection of all its components, both among themselves and with the structure of the main roof. But the complexity of manufacturing a gable dormer window (compared to a single-pitch one) is fully justified by its greater practicality in terms of distribution of water flows.
Visually, the two slopes on the roof of this window look like a finished architectural form, and do not require any additions.
The materials for the side and front gables of the dormer windows can be the same as those used on the façade of the building, but immediately take on the appearance of a decorative element if their exterior decoration is made in contrast with the decoration of the facade.
Dormer roofs, unlike gables, are usually covered with the same material that covers the main roof.
Why is there a window on the roof?
If you look at a dormer window from the street, the answer to the question of why it is on the roof comes by itself: in many cases, to decorate the overall appearance of the building.
The builder will explain the need to build a window with practical benefits, citing several purely technical arguments as proof.
A person living under a roof in an attic will talk about the comfort that a dormer window creates. In particular, it will tell you about the daylight and fresh air coming through it, and most importantly, about the opportunity to look at the world from a point of view other than through the windows below.
A building with original dormer windows becomes unlike others that do not have such an element in their design.
Here we can draw an analogy between buildings and people - some hairdresser will transform his client so much with an elaborate hairstyle that his own mother will hardly recognize him. A dormer window on the roof, just like the bouffant on a fashionista’s head, can be one and only.
Over time fashion trends This element of the roof structure was not ignored either. The ornate dormer windows, into which residents of cozy attic spaces looked out three hundred years ago, have been replaced by inconspicuous dormer openings in rapidly constructed houses of the last century.
But fashion and freedom of thought are now making themselves felt again with the appearance on the roofs of many private houses, seemingly a thing of the past, “houses for a gnome” and a “bull’s eye” look.
Our time has not been able to wash away the patina of centuries from dormer windows, except that it has added a few changes in the form of double-glazed windows in the frame and automatic closing of the window in case of bad weather.
But for the attic space not equipped for housing, the dormer window remains exactly the same and performs the same functions: preservation performance qualities roof structure and the material covering this structure.
The principles of installing dormer windows on a roof with a cold attic in the video:
Types
The definitions by which dormer windows are classified correspond to visual characteristics roofs installed over a specific opening.
For example:
- flat roof. It is used mainly for purely technical purposes and does not affect the appearance of buildings. The angle of inclination relative to the main roof ranges from 5 0 to a maximum value of 15 0;
- the roof is pitched. Very similar to flat, but differs in the angle of inclination, starting from 15 0 and increasing in parallel with the increase in the slope of the main roof;
- gable. In addition to the mandatory functions, it also has architectural significance for the appearance of the building;
- hip roof. A type of gable roof, with a cut front slope located at the same angle as the main roof;
- triangular roof. Minimal daylight source;
- glass roof. Designed to provide maximum access of daylight to the attic;
- semicircular roof. The famous "bull's eye". Stylish option, differing from all others not only in its attractive appearance, but also in the significant cost of the work on its construction.
Acute dormer window
A dormer window with a triangular or, as it is also called, a “sharp” roof can often be found on buildings of historical value.
The main task when installing windows with such a roof is to ensure that they are not too large or too small in relation to the total volume of the roof. Their sides should have the same angle as the main roof. If these conditions are not met, the triangular window will look like a foreign fragment on the roof.
Another condition for the compliance of acute-angled windows with the general style of the building is the correctly selected locations for their installation. They must be on the same axis with the façade windows located below them.
The advantage of these dormer windows over other options is that they can be located at a higher level.
Another advantage of acute-angled windows is the simplicity of waterproofing the junctions. Since the roof covering of the window is connected at a straight angle to the main roof, their joint is designed as an internal connection on ordinary sloping roofs - internal and external.
Installing triangular dormer windows does not significantly increase the volume attic space, and this factor is their main disadvantage.
Design features of the installation
There are no clearly defined rules and strict instructions for installing a dormer window. The main requirement relates to maintaining the rigidity and reliability of the entire roof structure.
The installation location depends on the individual requirements of the developer and aesthetic perception the entire appearance of the building.
Before drawing a dormer window on the plan, it is important to decide what function it will have to perform - aesthetic or practical. The choice of window shape and size largely depends on this decision.
If you install two dormer windows at a close distance (less than one meter), then it will be difficult to install a roof covering between them.
IN winter time near standing windows will contribute to the formation of snow bags, which will negatively affect the waterproofing of window junctions and will cause an increased weight load on the main roof structure.
Dormer windows that serve only purely technical functions are usually installed without disturbing the structure in the space between the rafters.
When it is necessary to install a dormer opening in the place where one or more rafter legs are located, then changes are made to the design of the main roof based on calculations related to snow and wind loads. At the same time, under the side walls of the dormer window in mandatory reinforced rafter legs are added.
How to expand the attic space
Setting up a living space in an attic under a roof is quite simple - just insulate the walls and roof. However, there is a certain difficulty in how to provide access to a sufficient amount of daylight into the room and at the same time at least visually expand the attic space.
Installation in the roof plane dormer window partially solves the problem - allows light and fresh air to pass through. But this is a partial solution to the problem, since the actual volumes of the room do not increase, but remain within the same contours limited by the roof.
The design of a large-sized dormer window allows you to install in its front gable the same (in size) window as on the facade of the building, increasing the height of the projection in the room under the dormer to the height of the ridge of the main roof.
With sufficiently large dimensions - the height to the ridge of the roof and the distance from the central axis of the building to its side wall, the opening built into the roof for a dormer window may well be a separate house for its residents.
When increasing the internal living space, we must not forget that this may negatively affect appearance building. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the proportions between the dimensions of the main roof and the dormer window installed on it are maintained.
Dormer window configurations
The architectural style within which a certain building was built is not limited to the foundation and facade. As a point set in any business, the same point in construction is the roof installed on a building. Its outlines should not violate the general idea of the architect. Therefore, many creators of grandiose projects install spiers or domes instead of roofs.
You can play with the external perception of any building by adding to the roof different shapes projections in the form of dormer windows.
This solves two problems at once:
- technical. The solution that is necessary for long-term and trouble-free operation of the roof structure and covering;
- aesthetic. Without a solution, the construction of modern buildings is in principle impossible.
Located in a certain sequence, in correctly chosen places and with dimensions that meet certain proportions even the most ordinary single-pitched dormer windows can look like a decorative fragment of the interior.
With a pitched roof
Flat roof windows are the most simple form from dormer windows installed on roofs.
The slope of the single slope above this window is not much different from the slope of the roof itself.
Windows of this type are most often installed on ready-made roofs, because their installation does not require insertion into the supporting system. It is enough just to cut out part of the sheathing together with the roof covering between the rafters.
An insufficient slope of the flat roof of a dormer window, if it is covered with tiles, can cause snow to accumulate on its surface and water to drain poorly. This drawback can be eliminated by replacing the coating with a more suitable one, for example, metal tiles or profile sheets.
For drainage, conventional semicircular or square gutters are used.
With a gable roof
Windows with a gable or semicircular roof require special attention in the approach to their installation.
The opening for a gable dormer window, as a rule, cuts into the structure of the main roof and can significantly affect its reliability.
The location of this dormer window may have special connections depending on the purposes that the window should serve.
If this window is a technical exit to the roof surface, then its location in the attic space should be at a free access height.
A window with a gable roof can be designed in different architectural styles:
- with or without gable projection;
- with or without cornice overhang;
- with or without gutters for water drainage.
The best option for the appearance of a gable window is when it has one window opening on the front gable, not separated by partitions. Several small windows make the dormer too bulky.
The process of installing a dormer window into a finished roof
The first step is to choose the optimal installation location. If a mistake is made and the window needs to be moved to another location, it will be extremely difficult to seal the opening in the roof.
Having decided on the installation location, you need to pay attention to the location of the rafter legs in this place. The best option will not touch the rafters at all.
But if the distance between them is small, and the dormer window is wider in width, then it is imperative to take steps to insure against subsidence of the roof plane.
Before the place where the rafter leg will be sawed and after it, you need to install reliable supports.
They can be dismantled only after the dormer window installation process has been completed.
Then you should consider how and with what material the cut opening can be temporarily protected from precipitation.
If the marking has been carried out and all safety actions have been completed, you can begin to dismantle the sheathing and material covering the roof.
To avoid downtime and inconsistencies in the process of installing a dormer window, builders should have a draft of the future in their hands before starting work finished product and all materials necessary for work.
Technology for installing a Dolmer dormer window on the roof of a house in the video:
How to apply
On buildings built in our country, four types of dormer windows are most often found. This:
- With flat roof , the slope of which does not exceed 15 0;
- with gable roof, the slope of both slopes of which must correspond to the slope of the roof;
- gable roof– a gable option with an additional slope starting from the ridge and lowered to the front gable;
- semicircular roof with an arched front gable.
There are no strict restrictions on the use of covering materials for these roofs, but there are recommendations.
They are as follows:
- It is advisable to cover a flat roof with materials that allow water to flow freely at a slight slope;
- in cases where the slope of the slopes is sufficient for good drainage, they should be covered with the same material as the main roof.
To decorate the gables, you can use any materials used in finishing the facades of buildings, but with the indispensable condition of their light weight.
Window openings in dormer windows (both rectangular and arched) are installed in the same way as on the facade of the building - strictly horizontally.
Purpose
Many residential and industrial buildings with a roof that has a common slope have dormer windows installed.
The space under the roof can be used for arranging a room there or for purely technical purposes - maintenance of the rafter system and roof covering.
Depending on the purpose of the attic space, approaches to choosing a dormer window specific in shape and functionality change.
The functions that the dormer window performs include:
- room lighting;
- constant flow of fresh air;
- possibility of access to the roof surface;
- decorative design of the building.
The main part of the dormer opening is the window itself, which can be:
- round or oval;
- square or rectangular;
- triangular.
The shape of the window does not affect the reliability and design features.
Window contours are important only for the aesthetic perception of the architectural integrity of the building.
Slope slope
Provide the correct slope of the slopes and protect against wicking problem areas joining the dormer window to the main roof is the main task in its design and installation.
At large area The roof of the dormer window should be provided with water drainage using gutters.
It is best to additionally waterproof the junction of the walls of the dormer window with the roof, and also install a valley there, and the lower one must extend a few centimeters beyond the main roof.
The slope of the slope for a flat roof should not exceed 15 0. In other cases, the slope must be selected relative to the slope of the main roof.
Roben dormer window installation in the video:
Window outlines
If you choose a dormer window based on simplicity of design and practicality, then a triangular or acute-angled shape meets these criteria better than others.
This configuration has a small line of contact with the roof, which significantly reduces the severity of the problem of possible moisture penetration under the roof.
When choosing a triangular-shaped window for installation, you should know that it gives the least effect of illumination of the room, and increasing it to eliminate this drawback will negatively affect appearance building.
How to best position
In order not to disrupt the visual design of the building, architects can arrange the dormer openings in one row along a horizontal or vertical line. Or they can scatter the windows chaotically or in a checkerboard pattern - there are practically no restrictions on placement.
The only condition is that external beauty does not create inconvenience for those who may have to use dormer windows from the attic space.
If we take this aspect into account, it is advisable to place the windows at a distance of about one meter from the attic floor.
Procedure for installing a dormer window
When installing different types Dormer windows have some features inherent in the design of a particular type of window, but there is no fundamental difference in the order of the actions performed.
However, the order itself must be strictly observed:
- draw up an accurate plan for the location of dormer windows, taking into account all the features of the main roof. Make a drawing of the window with an exact indication of all overall dimensions;
- if necessary, you should determine in which places the safety supports should be located, and install them before starting work;
- cut an opening in the roof for a window according to the dimensions indicated in the drawing;
- strengthen the opening horizontal bars , attaching them to the ends of the cut rafter legs;
- strengthen the rafter legs, on which the sides of the dormer window rest - they will bear the entire load from the cut rafters;
- after lining the opening around the perimeter and creating a rigid base, you can begin constructing the selected type of dormer window;
- the further procedure repeats the procedure for installing a conventional roof with mandatory vapor and waterproofing and installation of an appropriate insulation system;
- in front of the device exterior finishing areas of the walls and roof of the dormer window should be carefully waterproofed, connecting to the base of the roof.
Before installing a dormer window, it is advisable to calculate the cost and need for its installation. Perhaps installing a regular dormer window will solve all the issues regarding lighting and ventilation, and besides, it will probably cost less.
If the decision is made in favor of a dormer window, then you need to choose its shape wisely. Because an attractive-looking arched window called a “bull’s eye” will cost its future owner a price equal to installing several windows of simpler contours.
You can find out what optimal shape of a dormer window to choose for each specific case by systematizing the data presented in this article.
There are many options for building roof designs. Most often as in civil engineering, and in the private sector, sloping roofs are installed for administrative and residential buildings. They have a number of advantages and are often equipped with dormer windows, which are quite possible to make with your own hands. Their shape and location may differ from each other, but they all perform the same functions.
Purpose
- Lighting of the under-roof space (attic or attic space).
- Its high-quality ventilation.
- In some cases, there is direct access to the roof for routine inspection and repair work.
- They often play the role of an integral part of the entire architectural composition, and sometimes as an emergency exit.
Modern dormers are not only small houses with their own walls and ceiling, but also have many other design options.
According to execution they are divided:
- with a flat, single or gable, hip roof;
- panoramic;
- attic (built-in);
- all-glass (“rooflight”).
The window itself can be of various shapes: round, square, rectangular, triangular, oval. But, regardless of its design, during construction it is necessary to adhere to certain generally accepted standards. If it is planned to install a dormer window, then this should be taken into account at the stage of construction of the building.
What to consider
The steepness of the slope
To prevent moisture from penetrating into the attic (attic) in the window area, it is necessary to ensure its natural drainage from the roof. Therefore, the slope must be at least 5 0 for flat roofs and from 15 0 and above – for “sloping”.
When determining the steepness, it is necessary to focus on the climate in the place of residence (precipitation intensity, prevailing winds, location of the house). Therefore, you need to select the most compromise option.
Form
The most “profitable” is triangular. This configuration of the window opening is attractive because the “contact line” of the frame of the dormer window house with the roof is much smaller than that of a square or rectangular profile. This is where moisture is most likely to penetrate into the under-roof space. Choosing a triangular window significantly reduces the volume compulsory work for waterproofing this problem area.
At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that this form of window opening will somewhat reduce the illumination inside the attic space. Therefore, it is advisable to place the façade of the window in line with the wall of the building.
Window location
Depending on the size of the roof, its configuration and the overall architectural design, window openings can be located either on one line (horizontally) or in 2 rows (in a checkerboard pattern). When determining their number, you need to take into account that experts advise observing the following condition: the total width of all openings should be more than half the length of the edge of the roof slope.
The distance from the attic floor to the bottom row of windows is taken to be 1 m. Let us consider the technology for constructing a dormer window using the example of a triangular profile.
Operating procedure
By analogy with the arrangement of the roof of the entire house, all necessary materials(steam and waterproofing, insulation). The line of contact between the frame of the dormer window house and the roof is additionally sealed with special corners, clamping strips, and the like. Self-expanding tapes, mastic compounds and various sealants are excellent.
Knowing all these installation features, you can build a dormer window of any profile. However, everything has its own nuances.
Became in Lately popular windows provide significantly more light. To install them, you do not need to build a separate frame, since they lie in the same plane with the roof of the house and are attached to its rafter system using special plates. But it is recommended to install them provided that the slope of the roof ensures good drainage of water from its surface (about 15 0 - 20 0).
However self-production is inappropriate, since errors in calculations are quite possible. It's better to buy ready-made plastic window and install in place. This design is rotary, its axis of rotation lies in the horizontal plane and is located in the middle.
About 15% of all heat loss in any building occurs through windows. Therefore, when determining their sizes, it is necessary to make an “adjustment” for the climate and location of the building.
If a viewing window is installed on the roof of an already built house, then its frame is attached to the rafters. But YOU CAN'T MAKE INSERTS!!! Only staples, nails, overhead elements (metal strips, corners). Otherwise, the strength of the entire supporting structure will decrease.
Daylight attic room The higher the dormer window is mounted, the better it will be.
We should not forget about the need for high-quality preparation of wood - drying it and impregnating it with special compounds.
Many owners country houses They are trying to turn the attic into a full-fledged living space. One of the requirements for such premises is access to fresh air, as well as the proper level of illumination. Installing a window in the roof can solve both problems at once. This solution is very popular today and most often owners prefer to hire third-party contractors for this task, although this can be done independently. So, how to install a roof window?
Installation of roof windows
The following components are most often included in the delivery package:
- awning or roller shutters for external shading;
- salary for protection from negative atmospheric influences;
- the window itself is a closed hermetically sealed system;
- waterproofing sealant;
- internal slopes.
Of course, you can also find more modest sets on sale, but it is recommended to choose the option with built-in curtains. Due to the fact that the structure itself will be located at an angle, classical means of darkening may not be effective.
Planning and calculations
Installing a roof window into a finished roof should begin with the planning stage. First of all, you will need to calculate the required dimensions. The formula for calculation is quite simple: 1 square meter of glazing for every 10 square meters premises.
It is also necessary to choose the correct height at which the windows will be installed. The location of the skylights should be selected in such a way that the lower part of the frame rises 1-1.5 meters above the floor level.
The lower part of the frame should be 1-1.5 m above the floor level Choosing a location for installing a roof window in a metal tile or soft roof and dimensions should be done in such a way as to avoid, if possible, affecting the rafter system during installation. The dimensions should allow the window frame to be mounted between the rafters and leave a margin of about 10 cm.
Work plan and tools
Whether it is installing a roof window in a soft roof or a metal tile, for any option, the installation instructions are as follows:
- preparing the opening;
- frame installation;
- heat and waterproofing;
- preparation of the drainage system;
- installation of flashing parts;
- installation of double-glazed windows;
- interior finishing, including installation of slopes and vapor barrier.
Installing roof windows with your own hands is quite a feasible task, but the master will not be able to do it without a suitable tool:
- screwdriver and screws;
- wooden slats and beams;
- level;
- nails;
- materials for heat and waterproofing.
Window installation
Once the location for installing the skylights has been selected, the planned work site should be marked out in advance. Following the outline, several holes are made in the material to unload the materials of the roofing pie - this will help to avoid their damage in the process. Cut the opening using a circulation or band saw. It is important to cut diagonally, and not along the contour, then cut off the vertices of the resulting triangles and only after that form an opening.
The opening in the roof is formed using a circular saw. Special mention should be made of the work with roofing material. Installation of roof windows in metal tiles is carried out in the same way as in the case of corrugated sheets or sheet iron. If we are talking about skylights in a seam roof or similar materials, then the casing will first need to be disassembled.
Frame installation and adjustment
Important: for safety reasons, frames are mounted without glass. It can only be installed on final stages.
It is recommended to install the frame without glass When installing a frame for roof windows, you should immediately carefully fasten the lower brackets, but you should not tighten the fastening of the upper ones to the end - this will then help you adjust the sash more easily. This is done using a level. If any deviations in the inserted window are found, they should be eliminated using plastic corners– these spare parts are often included in the delivery kit. It is also recommended to briefly insert the glass into the frame to check the quality of the installation. Once the adjustment is completed, tighten the screws.
Insulation and drainage
After the fasteners are securely wrapped, thermal and waterproofing material will need to be laid around the frame for greater tightness. The waterproofing apron is fixed using a stapler.
Waterproofing is fixed using a stapler The drainage gutter is made at the top of the frame. Two pieces are cut out of the sheathing directly above the opening to the size of the drainage gutter. A cut of the same size is prepared waterproofing material. The gutter is inserted under the cuttings of waterproofing and attached to the sheathing. It must be installed at an angle, otherwise the sealing will suffer - rainwater may go out the window.
Today, two main types of flashing are used for different rebates. The first is used to work with flat roofing material, the second - with wavy ones. Companies involved in the production of skylights include the frame in the delivery package. The principle of working with both types is identical.
The window frame is included in the delivery of the structure, and installation rules are described in the manufacturer’s instructions The first step is to attach the lower part of the dormer window frame. It should be installed in such a way that the waterproofing apron extends both beyond the frame itself and beyond the roofing sheets. Then you should move on to the side components. The edges of these elements must be laid on the frame itself.
The window frame is attached to the sheathing and frame The seal is laid along the outer part of the frame. Most often, it, fasteners and all other components are included in the package, but in some cases they will have to be purchased later. In any case, after these steps, you should carefully check everything for accuracy and strength, because Replacing or repairing roof windows, if necessary, will cause a lot of trouble.
Installation of double-glazed windows and interior finishing
On next stage When installing roof windows, you will need to return the glass unit back to the frame. This is done quite simply, but the technology depends on the manufacturer, so the process itself is comprehensively described in the manual.
The glass unit is mounted on the last stage, finishing is chosen to match the interior Also, the interior decoration of the skylights should not cause problems - it all depends on personal preferences. In addition, many manufacturers also add special cladding solutions to the set of roof windows. Most often, the kit includes sealant, a miter box and a template. Such templates are equally good at installing and removing, if necessary.
As an alternative, you can use regular drywall, but from mechanical installation structures in this case you should refuse.
Features of attic window insulation
Separate mention should be made about working with insulation on the roof. Very often, improper insulation of roof windows results in many problems with its operation. Many inexperienced builders prefer to use conventional insulation. polyurethane foam. This should not be done: expansion of the material can lead to distortions and problems with insulation. The right technology During installation, we recommend using materials in the form of stone wool mats with a long service life.
For thermal insulation of a roof window, it is best to use stone wool As an additional measure, it is highly recommended to install heating devices under the attic window. Flow warm air with equal success, it will warm up the window slopes and protect from condensation. Metal elements You should not use them for installing insulation - they can form cold bridges.
This is all you need to know about installing a roof window in a soft roof or tile. Despite the apparent complexity, the process itself is quite simple and requires not so much skill as time.
It is believed that the arrangement of a residential attic is more difficult and more expensive than the construction of a conventional non-insulated roof with a cold attic. There are reasons for this:
- It is necessary to properly insulate the attic.
- It is necessary to properly install a vapor barrier and a superdiffusion moisture and windproof membrane.
- It is necessary to install skylights as required by the manufacturer.
Problems often arise with the last point. Errors when installing windows attic floor nullify all the advantages of this room. As a result of the mistakes of illiterate builders, attic windows leak in the rain, and condensation drips from the ceiling, damaging the finish. It is not surprising that many developers are distrustful of attics, believing that it is better to build a cottage the old fashioned way. Our video and photo instructions, which tell you:
- How to calculate the size of a dormer window depending on the area of the room.
- How to choose a place in the attic roof to install a window.
- How to prepare window hole for installing a roof window.
- How to install the frame and frame of a roof window.
- How to install a condensate drain.
- How to make waterproofing at junction points.
- How to install a roof window frame and make a heat and vapor barrier.
Installation of a roof window: planning
You can install a roof window either at the stage of construction of the attic or on a finished insulated roof with already laid finishing coat and layers of vapor barrier and hydro- and wind protection. In the first option, work is carried out sequentially, step by step and, usually, does not cause difficulties. In the second case, you need to rack your brains on how to install a window in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, going through the entire pie of the attic roof with flexible tiles.
The main difficulties of installing a roof window left “for later” - you will have to carefully dismantle or cut through it, moving from the inside to the outside:
- internal sheathing for finishing the attic;
- vapor barrier;
- insulation;
- superdiffusion membrane (moisture and wind protection);
- sheathing and counter-lattice;
- cut OSB boards for the opening;
- partially remove around the window opening flexible tiles.
The width of the attic window is determined by the pitch of the rafters. If the developer does not want to install a narrow window, fitting it to the rafters mounted at a distance of, for example, 60 cm from each other, then he will have to cut out one rafter leg, strengthen the structure, etc. This increases the likelihood of errors among installers, the deadlines and estimates for work. From here:
The installation of roof windows must be planned at the stage of designing a house and calculating the rafter system.
As a guide, we are guided by the following figures:
- It is recommended to install roof windows into roofs with a slope angle of 15 degrees or more.
- The window area is selected according to the formula: per 10 sq. m of attic floor should be 1 sq. m of glazing.
- The upper part of the roof window (from the floor) is located at a height of about 2 m, and the lower part is approximately 1.2 m.
- The opening for the attic window should be at least 4 cm wider than it, optimally 6 cm.
- The length of the opening is approximately 4.5-5 cm longer than the length of the attic window.
Stages of installation of a roof window
alexnrg FORUMHOUSE Member
I decided to install a roof window in my house myself. Roofing pie: rafters - board with a section of 15x5 cm, vapor-permeable to moisture windproof membrane, horizontal and vertical sheathing, OSB, underlay carpet, flexible tiles. Questions have arisen:
- How to install a roof window correctly?
- How to prepare the opening?
- How to fix a window in the attic?
- How to drain condensate?
- What is the salary for and how to install it?
The flashing (metal frame) is a system of gutters for hermetically sealing the roof window with roofing covering. The flashing leads away from the attic window rainwater and moisture when snow melts.
All work on installing windows in the attic is divided into a number of sequential steps:
- Preparing the opening.
- Assembly and installation of the thermal insulation circuit.
- Installing a roof window frame into a thermal frame.
- Installation of the sash (glass unit).
- Adjusting the side gap and window shutter.
- Installation of a condensate drain.
- Installation of a waterproofing apron.
- Salary setting.
- Insulation of slopes around the window and restoration of the vapor barrier contour from the inside of the room.
We'll tell you about the key stages of installing a roof window and how to avoid mistakes.
Preparing a window opening for installing a roof window
In the video instructions, a specialist explains how to prepare a window opening for installing a roof window if the roof has been built and the roofing has been laid.
When installing vapor and waterproofing, the films are cut with an envelope (crosswise) and wrapped inside the room (vapor barrier) and outside (wind protection).
The upper and lower parts of the opening are reinforced with lintels (between the rafters).
And with sheathing bars, so that the edge of the OSB sheet does not hang in the air.
The lower support beam of the sheathing must be leveled in order to accurately align the frame of the attic window and avoid a noticeable difference in height on the side slope.
Important! If OSB has not yet been laid on the roof– base for flexible tiles, then the opening is edged with a frame on top, made from OSB sheet or plywood cut into strips.
Assembling thermal insulation and installing a roof window frame
The thermal insulation circuit is mounted on a steel frame, which is easily assembled with latches.
The thermal insulation contour is installed in the prepared opening.
Then disconnect the rotating part of the sash with the double-glazed window from the frame of the attic window.
Mounting mounting plates and install the box in the opening.
Important! Mounting plates(4 things.) are installed in the corners of the roof window, in places prepared at the factory in the frame, into holes pre-drilled by the manufacturer for self-tapping screws.
With a large length of the attic window (more than 1.4 m), in place rotary mechanism(hinges), additional intermediate mounting plates (corners) are installed.
The roof window frame is installed in the finished opening. How to do this correctly, as well as adjust the side gaps and the rebate, is shown in the video.
Secrets of installing a condensate drain
The most important element of the roof window waterproofing system is a metal gutter for draining condensate.
The gutter is installed at a distance of up to 50 cm (optimally 20-30 cm) above the window in the same plane with the hydro- and windproof membrane.
To allow condensate to flow down the gutter, it is installed at an angle ( slope minimum 3 degrees). Then the moisture will be removed to one of the sides ( ventilation duct, formed by the sheathing).
Difficulties with installing a gutter arise if it needs to be mounted on a finished roof. In this case, you will have to manually cut out the openings in the sheathing, and do this carefully so as not to damage the wind protection film.
The easiest way to install a gutter is if the roof has not yet had sheathing installed, there is no base for flexible tiles and a soft roof has not been laid.
Preparing the site for gutter installation consists of the following steps:
- In the middle rafter leg(on both sides of the prepared opening) a vertical incision is made on the film of the superdiffusion membrane.
- On seat the gutter is laid.
I lower the gutter, using it as a ruler, and make a horizontal cut in the film so as to align the vertical cuts.
The result is a windbreak valve that fits into the gutter and catches all the condensation.
Steam and waterproofing at the junction of the attic window
At the end of the work, a waterproofing apron is installed, which protects the junction areas from moisture.
The waterproofing apron is glued to the frame from bottom to top. Installation is simple - removable protective film from the adhesive layer (strip) and the apron material is carefully smoothed over the top of the frame. The waterproofing flashing is then secured around the window with staples.
Important! The upper part of the apron is placed under a gutter, which removes condensation, and the valve, cut from the windbreak, is placed on the waterproofing apron. To prevent moisture from getting into the places where they are made vertical cuts in rafters, their waterproof in advance with butyl sealant.