Russian woman in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”
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N. A. Nekrasov
From an early age I fell in love with the poetry of N. A. Nekrasov. All his life he served "the great purposes of the century." His muse is the sister of the disadvantaged. Especially dear to me are the poems dedicated to the hopelessness of the lot of the Russian peasant woman. It seems to me that these are the best poems of the poet, speaking about the bitter, long-suffering fate of a working woman.
No wonder you wither before your time,
All-bearing Russian tribe
Long-suffering mother!
The image of a working woman, a “sufferer, a sad woman,” created by the poet, forever sinks into the soul. The peasant woman experienced not only social oppression, but also everyday oppression. This is how the poet writes about it in the poem “Frost, Red Nose”: Fate had three hard parts. And the first part is to marry a slave, the second is to be the mother of a slave’s son, and the third is to obey a slave until the grave,
In the gallery of remarkable female images, a special place is occupied by the image of Matryona Timofeevna, the heroine of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Popular rumor brings truth-seeking peasants to the village of Klin. Here they hope to meet a happy peasant woman. Matryona Timofeevna herself tells them about her difficult life. How much severe suffering befell this “happy” woman! But her entire appearance emanates such beauty and strength that one cannot help but admire her. As she reminds me of “the type of majestic Slavic woman” about whom the poet wrote with delight: She will not falter in trouble, she will save, she will stop a galloping horse, she will enter a burning hut! Natural beauty and physical strength to match her spiritual beauty. How quickly they flashed by happy years childhood and girlhood. Matryona Timofeevna, in her words, was lucky as a girl: I was lucky as a girl: We had a good, non-drinking family. The family surrounded their beloved daughter with care and affection. However, the time of serene childhood quickly passed. In her “seventh year,” says Matryona Timofeevna, “she ran after the beetle herself... among the herd, took it to her father for breakfast, and tended the ducklings.” She got so “accustomed” to the task that she spent the rest of her life breastfeeding tirelessly. But physical work did not bring Matryona Timofeevna any grief. The worst thing is spiritual slavery. Matryona Timofeevna, having worked in the field, washes herself in the bathhouse and is ready to sing and dance: And a good worker, And a huntress to sing and dance, I was from a young age. But how few bright moments there are in her life! One of them is an engagement to her beloved Philippushka. Matryona did not sleep all night, thinking about her upcoming marriage: she was afraid of “servitude.” And yet love turned out to be stronger than the fear of falling into slavery. And then, after marriage, she went “from her maiden will to hell.” “Exhausting work”, “mortal grievances”, severe misfortunes with children, separation from her husband, who was illegally recruited, and many other adversities - such is the bitter life path Matryona Timofeevna. She speaks with pain about what is in her:
There is no unbroken bone,
There is no unstretched vein.
I am amazed at the resilience, the courage with which this wonderful woman endured suffering without bowing her proud head. Your heart bleeds when you read the lines of the poem about the inconsolable grief of a mother who lost her first-born son Demushka: I rolled around like a club, I curled up like a worm, I called and woke up Demushka - But it was too late to call! . The mind is ready to be clouded by a terrible misfortune. But enormous spiritual strength helps Matryona Timofeevna to survive, return to life again and actively fight against all everyday adversities. She sends angry curses to her enemies, the guard and the doctor, who are tormenting the “white body” of her son: “Villains! Executioners!” Matryona Timofeevna wants to find justice for them, but her fellow villagers do not advise her to enter into a fight with them: “God is high, the king is far away... We won’t find the truth.” When a misfortune happens to her second son, she decisively knocks down the headman of Silantia, saving Fedotushka from punishment. Matryona Timofeevna is ready to withstand any test, inhuman torment, in order to defend her children and husband from everyday troubles. What enormous willpower a woman must have to go alone into the frosty winter night tens of miles to the provincial town in search of the truth. “I walked all night and didn’t meet a living soul,” Matryona Timofeevna tells the wanderers. Her love for her husband is boundless, having withstood such a severe test. The governor's wife, amazed by her selfless act, showed “great mercy”: They sent a messenger to Klin, They brought out the whole truth - they saved Philippushka. The sense of self-esteem that Matryona Timofeevna developed in her girlhood helps her move majestically through life. This feeling protects her from the arrogant claims of Sitnikov, who seeks to make her his mistress. Anger against her enslavers gathers like a cloud in her soul. She is ready to take revenge on them for her grievances, I wear my head down, I carry an angry heart! - she says. When grandfather Savely teaches his beloved granddaughter to endure, declaring that a man’s heroism lies in his endurance, Matryona Timofeevna remarks ironically: You’re joking, grandpa! - Such a mighty hero, Guy, will be eaten by mice! Enormous inner strength, hatred of oppressors and the ability to protest are those wonderful qualities that distinguish Matryona Timofeevna. The image of Matryona Timofeevna is very close, understandable and dear to me. People like her testified to the heroic, indestructible strength hidden in people's soul.
The poet believes that People's Power, Mighty Power - A calm conscience - The truth is tenacious! Nekrasov is convinced of the powerful moral strength people. She believes that “the keys to women’s happiness,” “abandoned and lost from God himself,” will be found. This faith turned out to be prophetic. Our people, as the poet dreamed, have taken the “broad and clear” road of life. The poet was right when he argued that “the Russian people do not need limits.” Send a request indicating the topic right now to find out about the possibility of receiving a consultation.
// / The image of a Russian woman in Nekrasov’s poem “Russian Women”
These women are known for the fact that they left everything that was dear and familiar in their native land, they went to distant and terrible Siberia to their spouses, ready to share with them all the hardships and hardships.
The long journey makes it possible to remember the happy moments of youth that passed in wealth and prosperity. The road is dangerous and presents obstacles, but the women cannot be turned away from the path they have firmly decided to follow.
The fact that they will have to lose all the privileges of their position in society, inheritance, everything that has always been familiar and understandable will not change anything. It's hard, but it doesn't scare women or change their decisions.
Interesting in this regard is the conversation between Princess Trubetskoy and the governor of Irkutsk. The official tries in every way to dissuade the young woman, talking about all the consequences of such an act. But all persuasion is in vain. The young woman is ready to live among the convicts; she can easily walk to the place where her husband is. Life without him, her chosen one and companion, is much more unbearable for her. The governor no longer persuades the princess and lets her go. He can't help but admire this woman. And her action is truly admirable. These women, who by nature should be weak and defenseless, are shown as special creatures with a strength and courage that is not always found in men.
They draw a line between themselves and that life, which is now far away and there is no return to it. There's no going back there. They are also deprived of their rights, like their Decembrist husbands. Only a few are capable of such a feat.
In a conversation with the governor, Princess Trubetskoy expresses the idea that secular society has long been disgusting to her. These are stupid people, a herd from which she will gladly run away to the one who is now in the rank of holy martyr. Decembrists are special people who stand out from the rest. Their wives are trying to prove this to the whole world with their actions.
Of course, not everyone is able to understand and appreciate the feat of the Decembrists, just as not everyone is ready to follow their husband to distant Siberia, a foreign and harsh land. For what reason are these women willing to make such a great sacrifice? In the name of love. The wives of the Decembrists decided to take this desperate step for the sake of their loved ones. They are ready to follow them to the ends of the earth and share all the hardships and torments. With their presence, these women are ready to brighten up the difficult life of the “traitors.”
Nekrasov’s poem “Russian Women” brings to our attention images of two women who are similar in the main thing: fortitude and courage are superior to fragile female nature and little life experience.
These two young ladies have their whole lives ahead of them, because they are still so young. But the choice has been made, and there is no turning back. These brave and noble women, who accomplished feats for the sake of their husbands, have been admired for many centuries in a row.
The image of a Russian woman. In Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, the main character of the great poet’s work - the people - appears more fully and brightly than in other works. Here Nekrasov draws Various types peasants, comprehensively shows their life - both in grief and in “happiness”.
One of the most striking in the poem is the image of Matryona Timofeevna, a typical Russian peasant woman - an image that embodies the traits of all the women of Mother Rus' with their difficult and sometimes tragic fate, but who managed to preserve their natural intelligence, kindness, and love for their neighbors.
The images of peasant women drawn by Nekrasov in works written before the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” are incomparable with the image of Matryona Timofeevna. If earlier the poet portrayed the peasant woman as patient, downtrodden (“you are all the embodiment of fear, you are all the age-old languor”), submissive (“to submit to the slave until the grave”), now he seeks to show the emergence in the Russian woman of anger, protest against inhumane conditions , the desire to get rid of humility and submission.
In all her greatness, Matryona Timofeevna appears before us: she is “stern and dark,” “a dignified woman, broad and dense, about thirty-eight years old.” Nekrasov describes the beauty of Matryona Timofeevna with warmth and love: “... graying hair, large, stern eyes, rich eyelashes...”
A peasant woman tells the wanderers the deeply moving story of her life. Her family “was good,” they didn’t drink, everyone loved her, cared for her and spoiled her. The girl grew up cheerful and hard-working, she loved nature, did not know trouble and sorrow.
But after Matryona’s marriage, fate turned away from her. Matryonin’s path was hard: new family She didn’t like her, everyone tried to offend her, overwhelm her with work, and her husband didn’t spoil her. But then she gave birth to a son, Demushka, who drove “all the anger from the soul” of the mother. Matryona calmed down: “No matter what they tell me, I work, no matter how much they scold me, I remain silent.”
But trouble does not come alone. My beloved Demushka died, my parents and grandfather Savely, a man spiritually close to Matryona, died, and my husband was almost drafted into the army.
Matryona did not remain a soldier; pride awoke in her, anger and resentment at such injustice. With her own strength, the peasant woman achieved the return of her husband Philip, and did not submit to fate.
After a story about the most difficult trials she endured in life, Matryona Timofeevna confesses to the wanderers: “I carry a bowed head, an angry heart...”
Matrena Timofeevna is a worthy granddaughter of grandfather Savely; in courage and vitality she is in no way inferior to him. She does not tolerate, but acts, seeks and finds a way out of the most difficult situations. The character of this woman is new type in the depiction of the peasantry. And although not all vices have yet been exterminated, new character traits that were previously not characteristic of the people are already appearing here. A type of peasant rebel, fighter and patriot appears.
I believe that the image of Matryona Timofeevna deepens the understanding of life ordinary people, shows their development, initial fearlessness and courage combined with kindness, affection, and dedication.
The image of Matryona Timofeevna is in many ways a new type of Russian peasant woman.
Rare piece of art dispenses with female characters. Mothers, sisters, daughters and lovers often do more than simply complement the characteristics of men. They are an indicator of people's real, true feelings.
Women's images in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” help to understand how Russian peasant women of the described era lived. An epigraph to the description of women can be taken from the words of one of the main heroines of Matryona’s poem: “...It’s not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women...”.
Chapter “Rural Fair”
Wanderers are looking for the happy ones at the fair. Nekrasov describes women who came to the shopping area to show themselves and buy what they needed for the household. Red, brightly colored dresses, braids with satin ribbons. The special gait of Russian beauties -“They float with winches.”
Peasant women know how to dress like in the capitals. They insert hoops down the fabrics (hems) and widen their skirts. Laughs at clothes
But at the same time he is happy for them. They look more beautiful than the feisty old believers.
Chapter "Drunken Night"
Walkers walk away from a village fair. And here they meet women:- Olenushka. She ate a cart full of gingerbread and, like a nimble flea, jumped off and disappeared, not allowing the man to pet her.
- Parashenka. A woman dreams of going to St. Petersburg to serve the officials. The men warn that you will have to work as a cook during the day and as a cook at night.
- Daryushka. The old woman dreams of love and affection. She becomes thin from overwork. The woman spins like a spindle. But what awaits her is only a belly, drunkenness and tears.
- Nameless woman. She quarrels with her friend, who sends her home. The woman feels sick just from this thought. What worries her so much? At home, her life is worse than in hard labor: the eldest son-in-law beats him so hard that he broke a rib, the middle one stole fifty kopecks, hidden in a ball. Worst of all are the promises of the youngest son-in-law. He scares with a knife and death.
- Yakima's wife. During a fire, he saves icons.
- Young girl. Listening to a cheerful song, a woman cries. She lives like a day without the sun, a night without a month. He compares his life to a horse tied to a post, to a swallow that has lost its wings. The jealous old husband, even drunk and sleepy, guards the young woman. She tried to jump off the cart, but her husband grabbed her by the girl’s braid.
Chapter "Happy"
The wanderers decided to look for the lucky one, “crying out a cry” so that people would come to them and prove their will for a glass of vodka. Among those who want to taste wine are female characters. The “old old woman” saw happiness in the harvest. Turnips grew in her small garden bed, tasty and large, just like in a fairy tale. The wanderers did not give vodka for such happiness.Chapter "Peasant Woman"
The author introduces the story about the fate of a Russian woman in a separate chapter. He understands that individual characters will not give a generalized understanding and will not allow the reader to see the fate of a woman. Matryona Korchagina is a beautiful Russian peasant woman. The description is close to fairy tales: large expressive eyes, rich eyelashes, dark skin and a stern character. It seems that this is a “hero” or the wife of a hero. In fact, the reader understands that in the poem there is simply a woman, such as there are many in Rus'. The author presents her fate in detail. But, if you carefully look at the plot, there are more details about the beginning of life, then the monotony removes entire years from memory. What does a woman’s life consist of: work, giving birth to children, work again. Mothers suffer, endure and remain silent. They are offended by their husbands' families and humiliated by rich owners. When is a woman happy? According to Matryona, in the house of good parents, next to the children. The fate of peasant women is so difficult that there is no place for happiness in it. The generalization of fate is frightening: hunger, illness, funerals of children, insults and humiliation. But what is the strength of character of a Russian woman? She endures all hardships, does not complain, and does not lose the desire for freedom. Everyone around considers her happy, because they themselves have lost what Matryona saved. They broke down, gave up and are just waiting for the next blows. Korchagina resists, bravely fights for her children and husband. She suffers for her loved ones and is not afraid of hard work.Parable about women's happiness
The author's approach to women's themes is amazing. If Nekrasov introduces many other themes, like stories in a poem, lyrical digressions, here a parable appears. The religiosity of the topic is amazing. Women's happiness does not even depend on God. It is difficult to find what the Almighty himself lost. For many centuries they have been searching for the keys to female happiness, but the search does not lead to success. The author lists those who are looking for:“...fathers of the desert, their immaculate wives, scribes-readers..., warriors of the Lord...”
They looked for happiness all over God's world, in dungeons and mountains, but other keys were found - from slavery. The fish swallowed and went into the unknown sea, wandering around there and not thinking about sharing its catch.
The Russian woman's lot is the hardest. That is why Nekrasov dedicated so many lines to her. The author believes that the peasant woman will retain her external beauty and inner strength. She will find a way out of difficult situations, help her children and become a support and fortress for Russia.
In Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, the main character of the great poet’s work - the people - appears more fully and brightly than in other works. Here Ne-krasov draws various types of peasants, comprehensively showing their lives - both in grief and in “happiness”.
One of the most striking in the poem is the image of Matrena Timofeevna, a typical Russian peasant woman, an image that embodies the features of all the women of Mother Rus' with their difficult and sometimes tragic fate, but who managed to preserve their natural intelligence, kindness, love for neighbors.
The images of peasant women drawn by Nekrasov in works written before the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” are incomparable with the image of Matryona Timofeevna. If earlier the poet portrayed the peasant woman as patient, downtrodden (“you are all the embodiment of fear, you are all the age-old languor”), submissive (“to submit to the slave until the grave”), now he seeks to show the birth in the Russian woman of anger, protest against inhuman conditions, the desire to get rid of humility and submission.
In all her greatness, Matryona Timofeevna appears before us: she is “stern and dark,” “a dignified woman, broad and dense, about thirty-eight years old.” Nekrasov describes the beauty of Matryona Timofeevna with warmth and love: “... graying hair, large, stern eyes, rich eyelashes...”
A peasant woman tells the wanderers the deeply moving story of her life. Her family “was good,” they didn’t drink, everyone loved her, cared for her and spoiled her. The girl grew up cheerful and hard-working, she loved nature, did not know trouble and sorrow.
But after Matryona’s marriage, fate turned away from her. Matryona’s path was difficult: her new family did not like her, everyone tried to offend her, overwhelm her with work, and her husband did not spoil her. But then she gave birth to a son, Demushka, who drove “all the anger from the soul” of the mother. Matryona calmed down: “No matter what they tell me, I work, no matter how much they scold me, I remain silent.”
But trouble does not come alone. Beloved Demushka died, her parents and grandfather Savely, a man spiritually close to Matrena, died, and her husband was almost drafted into the army.
Matryona did not remain a soldier; pride awoke in her, anger and resentment at such injustice. With her own strength, the peasant woman achieved the return of her husband Philip, and did not submit to fate.
After a story about the most difficult trials she endured in life, Matryona Timofeevna confesses to the wanderers: “I carry a bowed head, an angry heart...” Material from the site
Matryona Timofeevna is a worthy granddaughter of grandfather Savely; in courage and vitality she is in no way inferior to him. She does not tolerate, but acts, seeks and finds a way out of the most difficult situations. The character of this woman is a new type in the depiction of the peasantry. And although not all vices have yet been exterminated, new character traits that were previously not characteristic of the people are already appearing here. A type of peasant rebel, fighter and patriot appears.
I believe that the image of Matryona. Timofeevny deepens understanding of the life of ordinary people, shows their development, initial fearlessness and courage combined with kindness, affection, and dedication.
The image of Matryona Timofeevna is in many ways a new type of Russian peasant woman.
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