Cleaning the pit from sludge. How to get rid of sludge in a cesspool - effective ways to solve the problem of silting in a cesspool

Overflowing septic tank or cesspool will make even the most cozy home. Therefore, all homeowners have to maintain both local and autonomous systems, pumping out excess waste from time to time. But what to do if the septic tank or cesspool fills up too quickly? Let's look at ways to solve this problem.

There is only one reason for this - the soil no longer absorbs water, which fills the sump tank or goes into the filtration field (if there is one). At the same time, the refusal of the soil to accept wastewater has several explanations, namely:

Due to lack of activity The bottom layer of a septic tank or pit is covered with silty sediment, which forms a buffer film that prevents contact between soil and water. As a result, your cesspool or septic tank quickly fills up, since the liquid does not go anywhere, but remains in the container.

Siltation of the bottom in the septic tank

The walls and bottom of the septic tank or pit are covered with fat and soap deposits, the source of which is kitchen waste. If you don’t have one, then you shouldn’t even be surprised at how quickly a septic tank fills up. Fatty sediment clogs the drainage channels and blocks the flow of water through the bottom, overflows or through the side windows in the body of a homemade septic tank.

In some cases, poorly soluble grease and soapstone clog the entire inner surface of the sewer pipe, completely stopping the flow of waste to the septic tank or cesspool.

The sewer system just can't handle the waste.. There should be no less than three days' water consumption. Accordingly, an increase in the load on the water supply (more residents spend more water) leads to the fact that the septic tank fills up quickly - the liquid simply does not have time to go into the ground
The soil just freezes, A frozen ground does not accept water under any circumstances. In addition, sometimes an ice plug appears in the septic tank or sewer pipe, blocking the movement of drains.

Now that the reasons for the failure of the sewer system have been established, we only need to understand what to do if the cesspool or septic tank fills up quickly. Therefore, further we will analyze the most effective ways countering specific causes of failure of local or autonomous system waste disposal.

Restoring the absorption capacity of the soil

This method is only relevant for owners of cesspools and homemade septic tanks with an open bottom. In this case, to restore the absorbency of the soil, you will have to flush the sewer, and this is done like this:

We call a vacuum cleaner and pump out the contents of the cesspool or septic tank.
We fill the container, but not with fecal waste, but clean water.
We let the water sit for a day, during which we do not use chlorine-containing preparations (detergents and cleaners) under any pretext.
or biological products with an increased dose of such microorganisms. If the drug manufacturer recommends this, we repeat the procedure for 5-7 days.

The meaning of these actions is to dilute the bottom silt with clean water and launch intense anaerobic and aerobic fermentation, which eats up even compacted sediment. There is no need to repeat pumping the septic tank after this procedure, but throughout the year you will have to use a fresh portion of bacteria every month to maintain fermentation.

We can recommend the following options as a starting drug:

Remember that active biological products alone will not correct the situation - you will have to give up frequent use of household chemicals. Otherwise, your septic tank will become clogged with sludge again.

Removing grease and soap residue

In factory septic tanks with a closed bottom, the main reason for the rapid filling of the sump tank is the formation of grease or soap deposits, which impedes the movement of liquid sediments through the overflow channels. However, soap and grease plugs can also form in homemade sewers. Moreover, the very fact of their occurrence is only a matter of time, if the sewer does not have a grease trap or a separate sump for kitchen waste.

To remove soap and grease plugs, you can use two methods - mechanical and chemical. However, the second option works much better more effective than the first and is implemented without any effort.

soapstone

To do this, you need to pour the required bactericidal preparation into the sinks, toilet and bathtub. And repeat this procedure until recovery bandwidth sewerage and overflows.

In practice it looks like this:

We pump out the septic tank. Fill it with water. Let the water sit so that the chlorine evaporates from the liquid.
We pour preparations into sinks, bathtubs and toilets that can destroy soap and grease deposits.
We begin to use the sewer system by monitoring the capacity of the pipes and the water level in the septic tank. If necessary, add an additional portion of the drug.
After restoring the capacity of the overflow channels, we introduce supporting cultures that can absorb fat deposits.

The following options can be used as a preparation for removing soap and grease:

No drugs can solve the problem of insufficient septic tank capacity. If the daily water discharge exceeds 1/3 of the volume of the sump, then building a well or filtration field is an almost inevitable step, the only alternative would be to dismantle the old septic tank and install a new treatment plant.

Drainage well

The basis of such a structure is a shallow shaft of 3-4 meters, dug to sandy soil layers. Usually it comes off at a distance of up to 5 meters from the septic tank and is connected to the sump tank by a separate pipeline with a diameter of 110-150 millimeters. The pipe must go at a slope (towards the well), with a height difference of 2 centimeters per linear meter of line.

The walls of the drainage well are strengthened concrete rings, the lower of which will have to be perforated by drilling many holes with a diameter of 15-20 millimeters in its body. Clarified water from the septic tank overflows into the well and goes into the sandy soil horizon.

Alternative option - drainage well made of polymer, assembled by 2-3 people from plastic parts (bottom, ring with pipe outlets, telescopic neck).

Filter field

This is a larger-scale system consisting of a perforated pipeline buried a meter into the ground. Moreover, the perforated pipes are laid on a sand and gravel bedding with a thickness of 25 centimeters and covered with the same mixture.

It involves digging a trench, placing bedding at its bottom and laying pipes. After assembling the pipeline, it is covered with a 20-centimeter layer of sand and gravel backfill. Finally, the trench is filled with selected soil.

The filtration field pipeline runs at a slope of 2.5 centimeters per linear meter, so the depth of the trench can vary from 1 to 1.5 meters. As a rule, at least 8 linear meters of the filtration field pipeline are allocated per user, so owners of large-volume septic tanks dig not one trench, but several, placing 5 or 10-meter sections parallel to each other.

We improve the thermal insulation of pipes and septic tanks

The problem of ice jams does not arise out of nowhere. Typically, owners of homemade septic tanks suffer from this because they ignored recommendations for deepening the structure below the freezing level of the soil. In addition, ice plugs appear in pipes that lack external thermal insulation.

To remove ice blockage in pipes, you will have to do the following:

Rent or buy a steam generator and melt the ice blockage in the pipeline.
Buy and install a cylindrical
Use modern solutions, something like that -

Stories about electricity, pins and hooks are a sure way to a hospital bed. The effectiveness of homemade “boilers” is questionable, and the risk of damage electric shock more than real.

Melting ice in a pipe hot water will lead to the inevitable “return” of liquid flowing out of the pipe after contact with the fecal plug. It is collected in a separate bucket, but the smell will not go away, and it will take a very long time to spill the cork with hot water. That is why the only acceptable tool for destroying an ice plug is a steam generator.

If a plug has grown in the septic tank, binding the surface of the drain, then in this case you will have to do the following:

We open the hatch, drill several holes in the ice, getting to the liquid.
We melt the ice plug with hot steam using a rented or purchased steam generator. Moreover, our task is only to destroy the crust into individual ice floes.
After the ice crust is destroyed, fecal waste is pumped out and hot water is poured into the septic tank, which will melt the remaining ice. If necessary, repeat this procedure.
We pour drugs or into the septic tank, which will start the fermentation process in the container.
We make fires around the perimeter of the septic tank, warming the ground to the required depth.
We fill the coals of the fires with sand and cover the ground with some kind of heat insulator, such as expanded clay or sawdust, or polystyrene foam boards. Moreover, the bedding will have to be laid not only on top of the septic tank, but around it, at a distance of one meter from the walls.

Bacteria released into the septic tank will start the fermentation process, accompanied by the release of heat. The bedding on the lid of the septic tank and along its perimeter will change the depth of soil freezing in this area, eliminating the cause of the formation of an ice plug in the septic tank. After completing this work, you can use the septic tank without fear of encountering another ice jam.

Device drain hole and the principles of its functioning. Reasons for rapid tank filling. Methods for emptying a container from its contents.

The content of the article:

A drainage pit is a reservoir that is designed to accumulate sewage. Once it is full, the contents must be removed. technical means. In the absence of quality maintenance, the storage tank malfunctions; sewage fills the tank faster than at the beginning of its operation. Let's consider what to do if the drainage pit fills up quickly.

Features of the functioning of the sewage pit

A drainage hole is a bottomless tank dug into the ground. The walls of the container in loose soil are reinforced with brick or concrete partitions, V clay soil you can do without them. Coarse gravel and cobblestones are poured onto the bottom to prevent silting. A sewer pipe is connected to the pit, through which wastewater flows from the room to the storage tank.

The functioning scheme of the sewage pit consists in the settling of insoluble solid inclusions at the bottom of the pit ( toilet paper, feces, etc.) and drainage of purified water through the walls and bottom. The structure is being built in places with low groundwater levels, otherwise it will quickly fill with external liquid. The depth of the pit should not exceed 3 m. With such dimensions, the pump hose for pumping out sewage easily reaches the bottom of the pit.

Once a large amount of sediment has accumulated, it must be removed mechanically. Depending on the intensity of sewer use, the procedure is performed once every 2-3 months. Land owners know from experience how often the pit is filled, and if it has changed, there is cause for concern. Rapid filling of the tank paralyzes life in the house; basic amenities become inaccessible to residents. An unpleasant putrid smell appears in the house.

To ensure that the intervals between cleaning procedures do not decrease, perform regular and periodic maintenance of the drive. In the first case, the drainage pit is cleaned once a year, in spring or autumn, using a sewer machine. In this way, clogging of the storage tank is prevented, and if this is followed, there will be no problems with filling the pit. Periodic maintenance of the tank is carried out to protect the storage tank from flood waters and winter freezing.

When a pit fills with waste faster than desired, you need to find the cause of the problem. There may be several of them:

Liquid does not escape through the walls due to silting of the surfaces. A similar problem occurs if the pit is not cleaned for a long time. Feces, household waste, and solid inclusions settle to the bottom and over time create a dense crust that makes it difficult for water to drain into the ground. Fatty inclusions present in drains clog the pores in the soil and make it waterproof. Siltation of the filter layer is an inevitable process that cannot be avoided. But if you control the contents of the drains, the frequency of cleaning can be increased.
The cesspool is used more intensively than after its construction, so the amount of wastewater increases, and it does not have time to seep into the ground on its own.
There was an error in calculating the volume of wastewater from the house, which is why the pit was dug smaller. To rectify the situation, another hole is being dug nearby. Both storage tanks are connected by overflow pipes. In this case, they form a system reminiscent of a traditional septic tank. Solid inclusions settle in one tank, liquid flows into the second, which then seeps through the walls.
Effluent does not flow due to soil freezing. The problem is solved by heating frozen sewage.
The drainage pit fills quickly due to rising groundwater levels. Most often, water enters the reservoir after intense precipitation. There are other reasons: poorly organized water drainage on the surface; reduction in soil filtration properties; deterioration of moisture evaporation from the soil after asphalting the site. Consequence of hit groundwater siltation, accumulation of fecal waste, and the appearance of unpleasant odor.

How to restore the operation of the drain pit?

The drive must be cleaned mandatory, but this process is complex and unpleasant. At the first stage of solving the problem, it is necessary to find out why the drainage pit is filling up quickly, then clean it. The work can be done manually using available tools, but it is better to use modern methods waste disposal. Today, the procedure is performed using special instruments, devices and complexes, so the role of manual labor is minimal.

Cleaning the pit using a technical method

To free the drive from dirt, a special technique is used, with the help of which the process occurs quickly, remotely, with minimal odor spread.

Most quick way cleaning the drainage hole - calling a sewer truck. It is equipped vacuum pump, tank and hoses, so the liquid is not only pumped out, but also transported to the disposal site. The customer will only need to organize access to the storage facility. Before pumping, thoroughly mix the contents of the pit with a pole with a paddle-shaped hat. After removing the liquid fraction, it is necessary to inspect the drive from the inside. If you find solid sediment at the bottom and a greasy layer on the walls, wash them with a jet warm water, while treating the surfaces with a stiff brush. If this is not done, then after pumping the drainage hole in a private house will quickly fill up. To remove the hardened layer, fill the sediment with water and leave for several days to soften, and then remove the mass with a pump. To eliminate hard crust, add microbes to the storage tank that decompose dense fragments. Preparations labeled “Intensive” have proven themselves well. They contain colonies of organisms that can process solid elements in the shortest possible time.

If the walls are loose, there is a danger of them being washed away by strong jets of water. In this case, work is carried out with a bucket, shovel and other available means.

Also suitable for cleaning sludge sucker. This device high power, which easily copes with solid sediment. Many models have special nozzles that create high water pressure, allowing you to break up large inclusions.

You can pump out sewage fecal pump, without calling a sewer truck. The device easily sucks up liquid with impurities and is designed for such work. The contents of the tank are pumped out to a previously prepared place. If the container is filled frequently, you can install a pump that automatically turns on as needed. From inexpensive models Noteworthy is the Aquatica 773411 unit, which lifts sewage from a depth of 5 m to a height of 12 m. It has long term operation, capable of operating in automatic mode. For gardeners, we recommend the Chinese pump Spirut V180F, which not only pumps out feces, but is also used for watering the area.

Can also be used to clean the tank goldsmith method. Unlike the previous method, an ordinary household pump is used to pump out feces, with a funnel with a mesh with 1-2 mm cells placed on the inlet pipe. The liquid is pumped into a hole dug nearby. Due to the absence of large fragments, it will quickly absorb into the soil. Whatever remains is removed by hand with a bucket and shovel. After cleaning, inspect the condition of the bottom and walls of the tank. If necessary, fill the base with crushed stone or cobblestones to cover the clay layer.

Cleaning the drive with biological products

Microorganisms that feed on organic matter are often used to clean storage tanks. Bacteria help solve the problem of quickly filling the waste pit at a whole new level. It is enough to add them to the water according to the attached instructions and pour them into a container with feces.

Bacteria very quickly process paper, fats, particles of vegetables and fruits, etc., decomposing them into gas, water and light inclusions, while the volume of waste is reduced. They restore soil porosity, dissolve fats and eliminate silt on surfaces. A harmless liquid substance with a neutral odor remains in the pit, which can be removed with a pump.

Note! Plastic, films and other artificial materials cannot be decomposed.

The biological product is a complex of enzymes and living bacteria. They are sold in liquid or powder form, or in concentrated form, so very little of the drug is needed for the procedure.

For similar purposes they use anaerobic microbes, capable of living and reproducing without oxygen. Before use, dilute the drug in water, after which the dried cultures of microorganisms “wake up”. Study the instructions for activating the biomaterial: some drugs must be infused, others can be poured into the pit immediately.

Also suitable for processing feces facultative saprophytic bacteria, which naturally live in the soil. They are able to reproduce in the presence of oxygen and without it. In the packaging they are in a state of suspended animation. After activation, they begin to look for dead organic matter, which they use as food.

Important! When choosing microorganisms, consider the purposes for which they will be intended. There are funds for dry closets, cesspools, and sewer systems.

The biological product "Microbec" is intended for the decomposition of fecal waste in a pit. It allows you to maintain high permeability of the storage tank walls. The “Vodograi” product decomposes feces and garbage of organic origin - potato peelings, fat, etc. After processing, a disinfected liquid without odor or harmful impurities is formed, which can be used to water the garden.

In order for microorganisms to work as efficiently as possible, create the following conditions for them:

In the waste pit, the liquid should cover the solid sediment by several centimeters. If necessary, pour several buckets of water into the container.
Bacteria are active at temperatures of +4+30 degrees, so create appropriate temperature conditions.
Protect the pit from cleaning agents based on chlorine, manganese and other antibacterial agents that destroy bacteria.
Use the drug in accordance with the instructions developed by the manufacturer. For example, some substances cannot be sprayed; they only need to be poured into one place.

Biological products can be used for a long time, they will not cause harm to the area. The bacteria present in them are already in environment.

Remember that solid inclusions will not be completely dissolved by microorganisms to the level of carbon dioxide; the liquid will have to be pumped out with a pump or a sewer truck.

Remember! If microbes constantly live in the sewer pit, leave 30% sediment during cleaning so that they quickly restore their numbers.

Cleaning the sewage pit with chemicals

To restore the porosity of the walls, chemical reagents can be used. Before biological drugs they have one big advantage- they are able to function all year round, in cold and hot weather.

The most commonly used substances are formaldehyde-based, nitrate oxidizing agents and ammonium compounds. Their features are shown in the table:

Means	Advantages	Flaws
Formaldehyde	Can be used all year round	They are very toxic, they destroy the vegetation around the pit, the water after them must be removed from the site
Nitrate oxidizers	Safety of the drug for the site	Quite expensive
Ammonium compounds	Dissolves all fat deposits on the walls and processes sludge	They work only in the warm season

The most popular among users are nitrate oxidizers based on nitrogen. They contain surfactants, which are present in preparations for cleaning dishes, so they can easily cope with dirt of organic origin. However, they are not able to decompose other household waste.

Note! Liquid water purified by nitrate oxidizers can be used for irrigation.

Cleaning the sewage pit by defrosting sewage

If the drainage pit fills up quickly due to freezing of the drains, it is necessary to take measures to defrost them. You can melt ice in large quantities hot water. But there are other ways.

You will need a copper wire capable of passing 2 kW, a medium hook and metal pin 25 cm long. Drive a pin into the center of the frozen opening and attach a copper wire to it. Connect the other end of the wire to the electrical network using a hook. The result can be seen after 48 hours. After defrosting, remove the pin. At severe frost You will need to heat the sewer pipe, especially near the pit.

To drain groundwater from a drainage pit, create drainage system. Dig a trench with the bottom below the bottom of the storage tank. The width of the ditch is 15 cm. Pour crushed stone onto the bottom and place a perforated pipe wrapped in geotextile on it. It should be tilted away from the pit and drain the water into a ravine or temporary collection area. Place coarse crushed stone on top again and cover with soil. Drainage can be organized without corrugated pipes. To do this, dig an inclined trench and fill it with sand, brushwood, and large stones. To drain precipitation from above the structure, along the perimeter, also build a drainage ditch.

What to do if the drainage pit fills up quickly - watch the video:

A cesspool is considered a convenient and economical way to solve the problem of disposing of household waste. But even such a simple structure requires maintenance, which consists of regular cleaning. Ignoring the rules for operating the drive leads to quick filling reservoir and additional costs to restore its functioning.

Due to the fact that wastewater contains not only organic matter, but also inorganic inclusions, aerobic bacteria located in the sections of the station cannot completely process everything. Then the question arises of how to clean a septic tank without pumping and what should be done for this. Microorganisms that have already served their purpose die, settling to the bottom in the form of sludge. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically remove sediment from the system. Let's consider the features of the operation of treatment facilities, as well as methods for pumping out sludge.

Not long ago as autonomous sewers simple sealed tanks of large volumes were used, from which water had to be constantly pumped out, but now everything is much simpler. Modern systems are real wastewater treatment stations, so there is no need to call sewage trucks, because the liquid is purified biologically and flows into the soil or reservoir. All that remains is to manually remove the sediment using a special pump.

Process self-cleaning septic tank

The operating principle of the station, which does not require pumping, is as follows. The first chamber of this device is the largest and is called the receiving chamber. This is where sewage from the house comes from the sewer pipes. Here the liquid collects and settles until it reaches a certain level. Substances that are lighter than water collect at the top, and large and heavy inclusions settle to the bottom. Fats and insoluble substances, which float on the surface in this chamber, are hydrolyzed by the yeast over time and may subsequently dissolve.

After a certain level of liquid in the first chamber is reached, it is poured into the next compartment, where its clarification continues with the help of aerobic organisms. This compartment is called the aeration tank. Here the wastewater is saturated with oxygen using a special compressor and actively mixed. This method of stirring is called aeration, which helps to more effectively decompose the organic components contained in the water. This is the next stage of cleaning and is the most effective.

The next section is called the bioreactor. Thanks to special lime-type backfills that can be added here, harmful phosphorus-nitrogen inclusions are eliminated from the wastewater. In the next chamber, the purified water is finally settled and can even be disinfected using chlorine-containing reagents. But in standard septic tanks such reagents are not provided.

How to properly maintain the station

The sludge accumulated in the sections will have to be pumped out periodically (several times a year). The frequency of pumping depends on the volume of the tank and the intensity of use of the station. A sewer truck is not needed for pumping; sludge can be removed manually using a special pump. This sediment can then be dried and subsequently used as a very good fertilizer for lawns, flower beds or shrubs that do not bear fruit.

structure and principles of septic tank maintenance

Important: Do not completely remove all sediment from the system. It is necessary to leave some of the sludge to continue the treatment steps. Approximately a fifth of the sediment should be left. This will enable the station to operate effectively in the future.

Some people prefer to completely clean out the system and purchase microorganisms for it again, but why do this if the chambers already have ready-made microflora, they should simply be left partially intact.

Methods for cleaning the station:

If you have special sludge pipes, you can use them. Having installed such pipes, you will see that the sludge will flow out of the system by gravity if the necessary pressure is created in it;
For those who have not purchased pipes, there is also an option - pumping out sediment using a sewer truck, which will also help in case of a heavy blockage;
The third option for removing sludge is to manually pump out the sewer sludge using a special sludge sucker. Modern septic tanks with biological treatment equipped automatic system distribution of solid and heavy inorganic inclusions in storage tanks, from where they can be easily removed.
Sludge removal using special bacteria. Special microorganisms, which can be purchased at a specialized store, do an excellent job with all the contents of the chambers. But they decompose organic matter, fecal matter and fats. As a result, there is not even any sediment left.

In order to beneficial bacteria lived in the compartments for a long time and coped with the work effectively, it is necessary to purchase detergents without chlorine for septic tanks and eliminate the use of aggressive household chemicals such as washing powders, shampoos, cleaning and detergents, bleaches. If you didn’t keep track and ended up at a biological treatment plant chemical substances, then it should be populated with new microorganisms and created for them favorable conditions. Also don't forget about the extra amount of water.

If there is a massive release of wastewater, then some organic matter will not have time to decompose, which may cause the formation of certain fatty acids that did not have enough time to convert into carbon dioxide or methane. This, in turn, will affect the fact that the process of decomposition of organic matter will be slowed down. At the same time, bubbles with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide will begin to rise to the surface. They will catch particles of silt along the way, picked up from the bottom, and together with a fatty film on the surface of the water, they will form a dense crust that can reach great thickness.

The crust formed in this case should not come out of the septic tank, otherwise it may clog the pipes. Therefore, a special tee is installed at the exit from the last chamber. The lower end of the tee is heated in water, and the upper end is brought up. Thanks to this device, the pipes will not become clogged and the crust will not float out of the septic tank.

special devices for cleaning a septic tank

If the tee is clogged, it can be cleaned through the pipe that is included in the structure. Therefore, periodic cleaning must be carried out. This is a necessary measure that will help avoid emergency situations and will be able to maintain the station in working order. The frequency of removing sediment from the chambers will depend on how often you use the sewer and how big the chambers are.

Sludge removers

Before the emergence of deep biological treatment The task of purification was handled by chemicals that eliminated odor and accelerated the process of waste decomposition. But, even despite their high efficiency, such substances had a negative impact on the environment. Formaldehyde, which has an extremely high degree of toxicity, was popular. Oxidizing nitrates and sometimes ammonium were also used. But today there is no need for these dangerous substances.

Sludge removal products offered by modern market, can be divided into several categories:

Biological (bacterial strains, biological products that decompose organic matter);
Chemical (substances that contain a coagulant that promotes the sticking of small particles into large elements with further settling to the bottom).

Biological drugs have many advantages over their chemical counterparts. They are absolutely safe for the environment, as they are a product of nature. They will not destroy the tank body, which cannot be said about some types of chemicals. Just like chemicals, bacteria eliminate unpleasant odors from the system, preventing the process of rotting in water (organic matter disintegrates, but does not rot). Liquid purified with the help of microorganisms can be safely poured onto the soil (or used on your farm, for example, for irrigation). You won’t have to look for long for where to drain the water from the septic tank, since you can pour it anywhere: into a pond, onto sand, into the ground.

Approved detergents

Since aerobic microorganisms are extremely sensitive to chemicals, chlorine-containing cleaners and detergents, alkalis, preparations with phenols and aldehydes, and so on should be excluded from everyday use. Do not use laundry detergent with a special antibacterial additive, as this will simply kill the beneficial bacteria in the chambers.

It’s better to purchase environmentally friendly products that are designed to safely wash dishes, for example, Shpul-S. This product will do a great job of removing grease from your dishes, but will not harm bacteria or the environment. To keep your home clean, you can use All-Clean, which has a mild formula and is also safe for septic tanks. In addition, such a substance will not only effectively cope with dirt in the house, but also will not cause allergies or irritation to the skin.

septic tank maintenance and cleaning winter time of the year

You can clean your plumbing using universal remedy San Luce Fresh, which can be used to clean toilets, sinks, bathtubs and cisterns. It can also be used to clean and add shine. chrome parts. All these products can be used every day, since if they get into wastewater they will not harm the bacteria living there. When purchasing washing powders and detergents, read the ingredients, and if you see the presence of chlorine or alkaline compounds, it is better to choose another, more gentle product.

Today, there are even bleaches in stores that do not contain dangerous chemicals, but effectively remove stains thanks to the active oxygen it contains. This bleach will not be harmful to you or the bacteria in the septic tank. By using such preparations, you will not only maintain the functionality of your wastewater treatment plant, but also preserve the ecology of your site.

Sanitary standards for the construction of a septic tank

Before choosing a place for future sewerage, you need to familiarize yourself with the sanitary standards for a septic tank. This is a list of some documents in accordance with which construction must be carried out. The main document that should be used to guide the construction of such structures is SNiP 2.04.03-85. This normative document regulates the construction of sewers. If water will be supplied to the house from a well or borehole, then compliance with SNiP 2.04.01-85 and 2.04.04-84 will also be required.

Sanitary standards (SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00) regulate sanitary requirements, the main task of which is to maintain the purity of water located on the surface. Since the septic tank is considered a potentially dangerous area, it is also subject to regulation by SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03.

Distance to well

You should choose a location for a treatment facility not only based on your own preferences, but also in compliance with standards. The fact is that in the event of an emergency, wastewater can end up in drinking water, if there is a well or borehole nearby. Water pollution can cause illness or even death. Even though modern treatment plants have durable, sealed casings, pipe rupture or depressurization cannot be ruled out. Therefore, you should choose the greatest possible distance to the nearest body of water.

The standards state that the choice of distance from a well or borehole to a treatment plant will primarily be influenced by the type of soil on the site. If there are filter layers that can filter wastewater in the event of force majeure, then the distance can be reduced.

Getting permission

Cesspools and septic tanks can cause harm to the environment, so they should not be built uncontrolled. Before preparing the project, be sure to contact the SES and obtain the necessary permission. Only after it is given to you and the project is approved, you can begin construction of the structure. A permit will not be issued if the construction does not comply with sanitary rules and building regulations, which are valid at the time of project creation.

maintenance and cleaning of a homemade septic tank

The distance between the treatment plant and the water intake point must be at least 20 meters. Using hydrogeological studies, filter areas are searched. With their help, you can analyze the quality of the soil and its composition. If the soil quickly passes water, for example, sandy loam or sandy soil, then the septic tank from the water intake point should be at least 50 meters, and sometimes even 80 meters are required.

Also, during the construction of such systems, it is necessary to comply with the standards for the location of pipes with drinking water. The drinking water pipe should not be less than 10 meters away. This necessary condition in case the water supply becomes depressurized and wastewater can leak into drinking water. The slope of the terrain should also be taken into account. The water intake point must be located above the cesspool or.

In relation to residential buildings, the treatment structure must be located at a certain distance. First of all, the footage to the foundation of the house is taken into account (must be at least 5 meters). But you should not locate the storage tank too far from the house, since it will be difficult to ensure uninterrupted operation with a very long pipeline length. To avoid the cost of many inspection wells, place the system on optimal distance to the house. You should also take into account the location to the neighbors' buildings.

According to standards, a cesspool cannot be located closer than 5 meters from the road, and can only be located at a distance of 30 meters from open reservoirs. It matters what the distance to the fence is. It can be chosen arbitrarily, but no closer than 2 meters to the neighbor’s fence. Indeed, when servicing the system, for example, when pumping out sludge, unpleasant odors may spread throughout the area. If the structure is located directly under the neighbor’s fence, this may cause conflicts.

When locating treatment structures, their type, soil properties, distance to water intake points, residential and outbuildings, open reservoirs and to a neighbor’s house are taken into account. You must always be prepared for the fact that if installed incorrectly or as a result of strong soil mobility, the tank may crack and human waste will fall into the ground. If there is a well nearby, it may be contaminated with fecal matter. Therefore, it is better to play it safe and locate the structure as far as possible from water intake points or reservoirs.

In order to ensure comfortable living in a private house or cottage, the owners must take care of the sewer system. As a rule, residents of the private sector prefer storage tanks. This is much cheaper than installing a sealed tank, which requires constant cleaning using sewage equipment.

Despite its simplicity and accessibility, the operation of a drainage pit can cause difficulties for the owners of the site. One of the most common problems is how quickly it fills. Let's take a closer look at how to determine that the cesspool is filling too quickly, and what actions to take in this case.

The main signs of filling a hole

It is not difficult to determine that the cesspool has quickly filled up. There are several signs of decreased functionality. These include:

unpleasant odor in the area even when the waste pit is tightly closed;
siltation at the bottom of the tank;
various deposits on the walls of the structure;
need for pumping every 4-5 weeks.

The appearance of one or more of the listed signs indicates insufficient efficiency of the structure.

Reasons for filling quickly

For effective solution problems with sewerage, it is necessary to establish the reasons why the drainage pit is quickly filling. The main factors contributing to the occurrence of dysfunction are:

silting of the cesspool;
accumulation of fat and other deposits on the bottom and walls;
freezing of the structure in winter.

Once the reasons for the premature overflow of the storage structure have been identified, you should move on to options for solving the problem.

What to do if the bottom of the pit silts up?

If the reason the drain hole is filling quickly is that it has silted up, you can solve the problem in several ways:

Pumping out sewage and major cleaning of the structure using sewage disposal devices.
Liquefaction of sludge deposits with water. To do this, you need to fill the tank a large number of water for 24 hours.
The use of biological products to improve work functionality sewer system.

Most in a simple way The solution to the problem is to call a vacuum cleaner, but such a service is not cheap. Many owners of private houses prefer to use preparations with biologically active substances in cases where the pit has silted up. The results of their use include:

elimination of unpleasant odors from sewerage;
cleansing sewer pipes and storage from various deposits;
reducing the level of sewage in the tank;
preventing siltation in the future;
restoring the system.

IMPORTANT. You should know that products based on microorganisms and bacteria cannot be used in winter. At low temperatures, the properties of the drug will be significantly reduced.

Selection of biological product

Specialized stores offer a huge range of biologically active drugs. Among them there are products from both foreign and domestic producers different price categories.

The form of release of the drug also differs; it can be a liquid concentrate, powder or tablets. Which drug is better to buy?

In order to clean the pit from sludge, many residents of private houses are advised to opt for liquid and powder preparations. This is due to the fact that these products contain anaerobic species of bacteria. These bacteria have the ability to process organic matter without oxygen.

It must be taken into account that products with biologically active substances can only be diluted with water that does not contain chlorine. Otherwise, the effectiveness of the drug will be significantly reduced.

The degree of activity of microorganisms also decreases when chemical detergents, stain removers or bleaches are poured into the sewer.

Cleaning the bottom and walls of the storage tank

Deposits on the bottom and walls of the tank are a common cause of malfunctions. What to do in this case?

It is necessary to clean the pit and functionality will be restored. To do this, you need to follow the following sequence of actions:

Using a water or fecal pump, pump waste out of the storage tank.
Fill the reservoir with water. This should be done in order to dissolve deposits and blockages.
Pour the biological product into the pit for 4-5 hours.

The main advantage of using biological product when the sewer is clogged, there is no need to pump it out after using it. Wastewater will go away on their own after the active substances of the drug destroy the blockages that do not allow water to pass through.

In addition, the biological product helps improve drainage layers, which increases the efficiency of the structure.

How to defrost a pit?

As a rule, freezing of the drainage pit in winter is prevented by a layer of snow and a thermal insulation system, but it happens that at very low temperatures the waste freezes. What to do if the cesspool freezes in winter?

You can defrost waste in a cesspool using an extension cord, copper wire, a steel rod 20-30 cm long and a grip.

Important! When carrying out work involving the use of electricity, it is necessary to observe safety precautions and protect yourself with rubber gloves and shoes with thick rubber soles. You should also limit access to the place of work for children and pets.

In cases where only the sewer pipe is frozen, it is wrapped in a copper conductor, which is connected to the phase wire. Under the influence of current, thawing of the pipe will take 2-3 hours.

When the entire pit freezes, a steel rod is driven into the middle, to which a copper conductor is connected. This is followed by the application of phase voltage. In this case, the pit will thaw for at least 24 hours. After completing the work, first turn off the voltage, and then remove the rod and wires.

The further functionality of the sewer system depends on how well the work is done.

Where should waste go if there is no centralized sewer system? The most popular method is to install a cesspool on the site country house. There are several types of sewer systems, each of which has different installation and operation features.

Common problems faced by owners include silting sewer pit. This happens inevitably. During operation, not only watery waste, but also fecal matter and solid sewage enter the sewer system. They become the reason why the cesspool silts up.

If formed in sewage tank or, the functionality of the system decreases sharply. It can no longer effectively cope with the waste entering it. As a result, liquid waste accumulates at the bottom and the sewer pit overflows with water. The situation is aggravated if the walls are also covered with fatty deposits. Then liquid waste simply cannot go into the ground due to the lack of passage.

Siltation and overflow of the cesspool

The cesspool must be provided quality service so that problems such as silting do not arise. It’s good if the owner of the house notices in time that there are some problems with the sewer system. If the situation gets worse, you will have to decide not only how to get rid of sludge in the cesspool, but also how to improve the sanitary and hygienic condition of the area, because sewage can spill out, forming a persistent, unpleasant odor in the area, which also gets into the house.

How to remove sludge from a cesspool

Sludge in a cesspool is a thick layer of sediment that microorganisms living in the ground cannot cope with. The accumulation of sludge occurs regardless of what type of sewer system is installed on your site. A timely solution to the problem will help prevent unpleasant consequences. Here the owner has the right to decide for himself whether to turn to a sewage disposal company for help or do everything himself.

Professional cleaning of a cesspool using sewage equipment

Today, silting a cesspool is not an impossible task. There are a number of ways to correct the situation:

professional cleaning using sewage equipment;
removal of the sludge layer using a fecal or water pump;
use of biological products or chemicals.

Do not allow liquid waste to rise high due to siltation of the sewer pit. The problem must be solved after the first signs appear. Pouring sewage waste outside is not only an aesthetic problem. Bacteria live in sewage, which are carriers and causative agents of infections.

Help from vacuum cleaners

Over time, every owner is faced with the fact that the cesspool has silted up. What to do in this case, how to correct the situation and prevent the appearance of an unpleasant odor? How to restore the performance of the sewer system?

The easiest way is to call a sewage disposal company and order the services of professionals. This way you can save your nerves and efforts and save yourself from such unpleasant work. But be prepared for the fact that the services of vacuum cleaners are not cheap. The price includes not only cleaning the pit from the sludge layer, but also the disposal of sewage.

Before calling specialists, make sure that your site has access for equipment. The depth of the cesspool should not be greater three meters, since the hose of the sewer machine is designed for exactly this size.

Instead of using a traditional hose to pump out waste, professionals may use a device called a sludge pump. This special device with a hose up to 16 meters long, which is used to destroy a layer of dense silt. As a result, the functionality of the sewer system is restored, and problems with the accumulation of liquid waste or the occurrence of a foul odor in the area go away. Calling a vacuum cleaner is the best, but not the most profitable solution, how to remove sludge from a cesspool.

DIY cleaning

To save on the services of professionals, you can try to eliminate the siltation of the cesspool yourself. What to do, where to start?

Do-it-yourself cesspool cleaning

First you need to decide which method you prefer to use to get the job done.

Pump. You will need a fecal or water pump and several attachments for it. We need to pump out everything we can. The silt itself is destroyed and removed using a bucket and rope.
Bacteria. In this case, you also cannot do without a pump, but the procedure is simpler. We also pump out the waste, fill the container with water, and add the biological product. Microorganisms will corrode the layer of silt, and the water will easily go into the ground.
Chemicals. They act in the same way as biological ones. They are more aggressive, so precautions should be taken.

Note! If you use a water pump to pump out sewage from a sewer pit, do not forget to stock up on nozzles. They will need to be changed very often to prevent device failure.

If a cesspool has silted up, what to do will be the main question that requires an immediate, effective solution. Timely cleaning of the bottom and walls of the cesspool is the key to its high-quality functioning. Don't waste your time, effort or money, because if the waste spills out, it will be a problem on a different scale.