The optimal material for the construction of a private house. What is the best material to build a country house from?

Increasingly, there are country houses for holidays, comparable in level of comfort to houses for permanent residence. This is no longer a summer house, but rather a lightweight version of a cottage. A winter dacha, along with the advantages of a permanent house, implies a more economical approach to design, selection of building materials and engineering equipment, as well as further maintenance costs.

Subtleties of design

Large areas of glazing and an abundance of open space in the architectural appearance of the house are attractive, but terraces, verandas, balconies and loggias cause many problems if the planning is not correct. Specialists construction companies when installing them, it is recommended to take into account the location of the future winter cottage.

In garden communities or holiday villages, which rapidly empty out in the fall, the issue of property safety is relevant - in contrast to guarded cottage villages. Here, safety may be more important than beauty: panoramic windows, on which it is difficult to install protective blinds or shutters, will have to be sacrificed. In addition, large areas of balconies and terraces do not retain heat in the house, which means they will increase heating costs.

The structure of the internal space depends on how often you visit the dacha in winter.

There are two options:

Automatic maintenance of a slight positive temperature for heating season with an emphasis on effective heat conservation;
Preservation of the house with shutdown of everyone utility networks. In this case, the decisive role is played by the layout and use of materials that allow you to quickly heat the room.

In any case, it is necessary to take care of constructing a vestibule at the entrance to preserve heat. Utility rooms may occupy smaller areas, and some, such as storage rooms, can be completely abandoned.

Foundation

You won’t be able to save money here even if you live seasonally: the type of foundation depends on the condition of the soil on the site and the choice of building material for the enclosing structures. Massive walls require more costs on the base. For light frame and timber buildings, a shallow one is suitable strip foundation or screw piles.

Engineering systems

The heating system in a country house remains the most important. A simple “country” scheme - a stove or fireplace with support electric convectors- suitable only for small wooden buildings, finished with clapboard, cladding boards, plywood;
When heating an inexpensive country house, it is convenient to use wall-mounted gas and diesel boilers. They are compact, they can be hung in the kitchen with the exhaust of combustion products through the wall (saving on the cost of the chimney);
For a house that is not heated in winter, the simplest water supply and sewerage systems are suitable, from which water can be easily removed. An alternative to expensive local wastewater treatment plants (LTPs) in such a house will be waterless and composting dry closets installed in the toilet room itself.
A septic tank with a biofilter is suitable for those whose plot is located on well-filtering soils with low level groundwater. In other conditions, it is better to install VOC.

Wall to wall

Stone houses distinguished by thoroughness. Adherents of building “to last” choose between different types of bricks and concrete blocks. In both cases, saving on the amount of wall material is irrational, so a winter cottage in terms of investments will not differ from a house for permanent residence. But the differences between brickwork and cellular concrete are significant, not only in price (brick is more expensive), but also in properties. Due to their porous structure, lightweight blocks are close to wood, have low thermal conductivity and good breathability. General disadvantage stone buildings - long heating of the walls, if there are traffic in the house, so the heating system must automatically maintain a constant temperature.

Frame technology construction of a house successfully competes with others in price, and significantly surpasses them in speed of construction. It’s not for nothing that the term “prefabricated” is attached to frame houses: on average, general construction work takes 1-2 months. The record holders are highly prefabricated houses: their installation on site takes a matter of days. Wherein frame houses are striking in their versatility: the same project, depending on the exterior decoration, can look like a brick or a wooden house. The thickness of the insulation in the walls for a winter cottage is chosen as an intermediate option between a summer house and a permanent building: 15 cm.

timber gives more opportunities to choose the optimal design and cost of the house. Walls made of ordinary or profiled timber require subsequent insulation and various methods of external finishing - from lining to brick cladding. You can find your ideal, for example, by varying the thickness of the insulation layer (from 5 to 20 cm) and the timber itself (from 10 to 15 cm). Peculiarity wooden house construction- a long, about a year, break between the construction of the log house and the start of finishing (the house shrinks). The elite laminated timber stands apart; the beauty of the walls, like log walls, is not hidden behind the external decoration. The material does not warp, wall shrinkage is minimal. Finishing begins immediately after installing the box. The cost will be high - due to the labor intensity of production.

Log walls manual cutting still attract connoisseurs traditional methods construction. The strict geometry of rounded log pipes also finds its admirers. Both types of houses are comparable in cost, largely dependent on the thickness of the walls. Considering that such buildings are usually not insulated or sheathed, trying to preserve their natural appearance, the diameter of the logs should be the same as that of the house for year-round residence: not less than 22 cm.

If all the pros and cons have been weighed, but the building material has not been chosen, pay attention to the generally reconciling project of a combined house, where the strength and durability of stone are combined with the warmth and environmental friendliness of wood.

Roof

Type roofing does not depend on the frequency of stay in the house: its choice is based on the personal preferences and financial capabilities of the future owners. But the roof structure of a winter dacha can be simplified: without serious insulation of the roof, if in winter it is planned to heat only the first floor. In this case, thermal insulation of the interfloor ceiling is required.

Interior decoration

Choice finishing materials noticeably narrows when it comes to country houses. The most stringent restrictions are imposed on finishing in unheated rooms, because not every material can withstand sudden changes in temperature and humidity.

For walls in wooden houses, unpretentious lining and its varieties that imitate log or timber frames are most often used. In frame and stone buildings the walls and ceiling are plastered or lined with plasterboard for finishing - painting, textured plaster or, less commonly, wallpapering, which is quite sensitive to changes in humidity.

Most coverings are suitable for flooring, excluding the capricious parquet. Classic wooden board, not very durable but affordable linoleum, carpet and waterproof laminate They endure not the most comfortable conditions with dignity.

Construction country house takes a lot of effort, energy and time, so you need to think everything through and choose the best option. Dachas can be built from various materials, so you just need to make a choice.

The main advantage of all houses built from timber is their environmental friendliness. This material allows air to pass through well and reliably retains heat, so they have a very pleasant microclimate for humans.

Houses made from timber look very stylish, modern and beautiful, but we must not forget that the construction of a summer house should only be carried out by real professionals who will carry out all the work efficiently.

For the construction of dachas from laminated timber, they are most often used conifers trees:

larch;
cedar;
pine;
fir

In order for the house to stand for many years, the supporting structures must be made of fir or spruce, which rots much less than other trees. Houses built from timber are durable, reliable, practical, environmentally friendly, and warm.

Every year, frame houses that have good technical characteristics are becoming more and more popular and in demand. Inside such houses, the internal climate is the same as in wooden ones. They are very warm in winter, and in summer they are cozy and cool.

Frame houses are energy efficient, comfortable and environmentally friendly. It is pleasant to live and spend time in them.

When constructing frame houses, much less building materials are used, because the weight of such a structure is much less than that of cottages built from reinforced concrete, brick or logs. Such buildings can be erected in areas where the soil is very weak. In addition, by choosing such material for your dacha, you can make all your fantasies and dreams of a cozy house come true.

Dachas built from rounded logs have the same advantages as houses built from beams. The rounded shape of the logs makes it possible to tightly and reliably connect them together. The locks and necessary grooves in the rounded log are calculated very precisely, so the gaps are very small, and the logs are connected at any angle.

Dachas made from logs have good energy-saving, heat-insulating and environmental characteristics, so many people choose this type of building for themselves.

Today, in any village and town you can most often see brick houses, which are passed on by inheritance. They are very cozy, warm, comfortable. Brick houses have many advantages:

durability;
strength;
low susceptibility to atmospheric influences;
fire protection.

The walls should be no thinner than 610 millimeters; if they are smaller, they will have to be insulated to keep the house warm.

Dachas made of foam blocks

Foam blocks are a modern, environmentally friendly and reliable material that makes it possible to build the most different sizes. Foam blocks, compared to other materials, have much better thermal insulation and sound insulation characteristics.

Dachas made of foam blocks can be built very quickly, but you just need to take into account the technological recommendations for their use in order to extend the life of the houses.

To build a monolithic, one-story house it takes much less time than to build a brick dacha. Using this simple but high-quality material, you can create a building of any shape and realize all your architectural fantasies. Internal layout The construction of a monolithic frame house is very free, so you can choose an open plan and build houses on any soil.

When it comes to dacha or garden house, and the main priorities are price and speed of construction, this usually means that you need to choose which is better - a turnkey log house or a frame-panel house.

Why not brick or, say, cinder block? For several reasons.

Firstly, taking into account all the materials, a house made of blocks or bricks will definitely be more expensive.

Secondly, the work on its construction requires more qualifications, and, accordingly, will cost more.

Thirdly, a brick house is definitely inferior to a wooden one in terms of its ability to retain heat. It would seem that if the house is used only in the summer, there will be no problems. But the fact is that the ability to retain heat works at any time of the year, and, so to speak, “in both directions.” That is, in a brick house of standard thickness (one brick) it will be hot in the summer. But making walls thicker in a garden house is no longer economically feasible.

Fourthly, the weight and design of the walls matter. After all, the type of foundation depends on these parameters. Houses made of timber and frame houses can be placed on pile foundation. There is currently no simpler, cheaper or faster option to manufacture. Usage screw piles for houses made of brick, cinder block or foam block, in principle, it is possible, but the complexity of the work increases. As always, along with its cost.

Fifthly, when we talk about a garden or country house, we almost always mean a house for seasonal living. That is, in winter it is not heated or heated irregularly. Brick houses do not tolerate this mode of operation well. This does not mean that the house will necessarily fall apart after the first winter (although this has happened), but its strength will deteriorate, and you should forget about the service life declared for the material.

Frame houses, houses and bathhouses made of timber take this completely calmly, provided that their construction was carried out in strict accordance with technology. In particular, when building from lumber with natural moisture, dowels were used, or the building was erected from dried material.

WITH brick houses everything is more or less clear, but the choice between a timber and frame-panel house causes certain difficulties.

Here you should be guided by the following considerations: in terms of speed of construction, “frameworks” certainly win. But in terms of durability, timber is the leader. The lifespan of a frame house is limited, first of all, by the effective service life of the insulation. And for most materials used today it does not exceed 50 years.

As for timber house, then, as for most wooden buildings, its service life can easily be 100 years or more. True, only with regular and proper care.

Perhaps in every industry one hears only: new technologies... However, not many solutions, especially innovative ones, are offered by the construction market for small country houses. At least in our region, where, due to climatic conditions, a straw house will not last long. Although we did find a couple of non-standard options. Let's figure out what materials experts recommend and why.

What to build a country house from?

timber

Classics of the genre. A tree is a tree, the smell alone is worth it! This is a relatively inexpensive and lightweight material; therefore, a powerful foundation is not needed, it is easy to assemble and not as expensive to lay as stone, but for self-construction it is an order of magnitude more difficult than a frame one. But it has an excellent microclimate.

It is for dachas that laminated veneer lumber of small thickness is now often offered - less than 150 mm. What's good about it? Glued laminated timber itself is quite beautiful and does not need any exterior decoration, except for treatment with a protective and decorative composition. And the small thickness provides significant cost savings and simplifies assembly.

Of the minuses: the house will be cold, in winter it will take a lot of energy to heat it. Builders say that a house made of timber with a thickness of at least 400 mm will be energy-saving. And this already increases the cost of a country house based on materials.

The most significant disadvantage of wood is its fire hazard. In addition, wooden houses require periodic treatment with antiseptics to protect them from the destructive effects of moisture and microorganisms.

Frame or sandwich panels

A timber frame house is considered the fastest and most inexpensive. Especially suitable for those who plan to live there only in the summer. It can be built in a few weeks. Wall structures made lighter by using modern insulation materials, do not require a powerful foundation. Multi-layer construction of walls, floors and interfloor ceilings allows you to hide engineering Communication. Such houses have high fire resistance and good sound insulation.

The disadvantages of sandwich panels include the short service life of the cladding (up to 50 years), the need for periodic treatment of the frame (from rotting, fungus or corrosion), poor ventilation and the inability of the walls to withstand additional load.

Concrete

Modern building materials - aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete and polystyrene concrete. All of the listed materials are blocks and differ from each other in size, density, weight, frost resistance, vapor permeability, and strength.

They are highly fire resistant and can survive a fire. In addition, such projects are diverse architectural forms and wall finishing options. Among the disadvantages of concrete houses are the significant cost of construction and increased thermal conductivity. You need to live in them permanently or install a system automatic regulation temperature.

The construction of country houses made of foam blocks, which are not as spacious as cottages intended for permanent residence, provides an opportunity to further save money by installing simpler and cheaper floors, seismic belts and lintels.

Brick

Brick itself is one of the most expensive building materials. And the masonry is expensive (skilled workers are needed), and the foundation needs to be good and, accordingly, expensive.

The load-bearing walls of brick country houses are made, as a rule, of small thickness (one and a half to two bricks) and are insulated from the outside (pasted with sheets of expanded polystyrene followed by facing bricks or plastering, or insulated with mineral wool using the “ventilated facade” method). The method with brick lining is more expensive, with plaster or other finishing on a “ventilated facade” - more economical. There are additional ways to save money, such as installing wooden floors instead of reinforced concrete ones. Thus, the price range for the construction of brick country houses turns out to be extremely wide.

The advantage of bricks over wooden log house- the possibility of constructing walls of any configuration with niches and projections. Plus the notorious fire safety.

Earth

You can, of course, dig a dugout and arrange it. Or you can take an example from a very serious European technology called Earthbag building.

The material for such a construction project is literally lying under your feet, the main thing is that the soil is suitable for humidity parameters. Earthbags are bags of earth, from which houses are assembled in a very simple way. Damp soil fills bags or fabric pipes made of non-rotting material, for example, propylene. If the soil is too dry, moisten it slightly. The bags are then laid in rows and compacted. The layers are laid with ordinary barbed wire, which in this case performs a strengthening function - like cement in masonry.

Anything more or less suitable, including legs, can act as a tamping tool. The houses turn out to be dome-shaped; it is extremely difficult to build a straight wall in this way. Due to the stability of the earthen structure, such houses are especially relevant in flood-prone areas. In addition, such a house can be built from scratch in a week by three people who know nothing about construction.

In accordance with the Earthbag building technology, the most durable are domed houses, reminiscent of children's sand cakes. This form is stable and does not require additional efforts to strengthen it, however, if desired, an earthen house can be “lined” with clay. It will look prettier that way.

By the way, a scientist built a house from the materials underfoot in Tyumen back in 2013. This is a dugout made from oil waste, namely drill cuttings. The advantages of this unusual building material are lightness, practicality and low cost. It is unknown whether the experience had a continuation or successors.

Containers

Homes made from shipping containers are popular abroad. They are environmentally friendly and, again, inexpensive, because they are actually built from garbage. Such a house can be built on a foundation, or it can be made mobile. In principle, it also applies to former train carriages or cabins that have served in the fields.

The external beauty of the future building will depend only on the mood and imagination of the author. Like cubes, “boxes” can be stacked in arbitrary variations and patterns. The outer side of the building is treated with a composition that protects the base from corrosion. The walls are then sheathed with thermal insulation and finished with the chosen finish. These houses are durable, which is why they are valued.

Bottles

What will never be in short supply are bottles. Glass and plastic, transparent and darkened, from wine or beer, mineral water and sweet soda - all this can be a material for the construction of residential buildings. This is international experience.

However, you can see such a structure in the suburb of Tyumen - the village of Zubarevo. The owner of the house built the house himself. The building materials were collected in trash can. The walls of the house were partially built from bottles. Bottles filled with cement are also used in the fence.

BOO

For construction country house You don’t have to buy expensive building materials, but just get by with used ones. Some of these materials are not inferior in quality to new ones. So, when building a foundation, you can use used railway sleepers, reinforced concrete sleepers or foundation blocks. To build walls, you can purchase bricks or cinder blocks from dismantled house construction.

If you are building a house according to finished project, the amount of material you will need will already be calculated. If the project is yours, you will have to do the calculations yourself. Our advice is to take any material with a reserve.

The process of construction from this type of timber is characterized by efficiency. This is facilitated by the ideal shape of the material, the long edges of which have special grooves. They allow the beams to be perfectly stacked on top of each other without any adjustment. At the same time, glued lumber does not shrink. This all eliminates the formation of gaps between the beams. Therefore, when the owner of a garden plot is interested in how much it will cost to build a summer house, he needs to turn his attention first of all to laminated veneer lumber. This material will make it possible to erect the planned structure in a minimum period.

Conclusion

On a summer cottage, it is best to build a house from lightweight building materials. This will reduce construction time and reduce the costs of performing such work, since there is no need to involve lifting equipment, special equipment and tools in the processes. Moreover, laminated veneer lumber, which is a lightweight material, can be stored both in a separate designated area and on already installed load-bearing structures of the future home without any harm to them. It’s better to immediately turn to professionals who will carry out turnkey design and construction work. This is especially true for small summer cottages, which are widespread throughout the country.

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Having received a long-awaited country plot, many of its owners immediately decide to buy a house. However, build country house IR, even with your own hands, is inexpensive and difficult. At the same time, if we are talking about a small building, then it will take less money to build it if you do all the work yourself.

Preparation for construction

First of all, you should make a project. Considering the fact that in order to build even a small house in the country you need to obtain a building permit, it is better to entrust its production to specialized organizations that will make a drawing that not only meets all the norms and requirements, but also coordinates it with all the necessary authorities. If you have an approved project, obtaining a building permit will not be difficult.

When developing a drawing, you should immediately decide on the material from which you plan to build a house in the country, since based on this the load on the foundation is calculated. Each has its pros and cons:

Wood – inexpensive and environmentally friendly pure material, but requires constant care and special processing, preventing rotting and fire.
Brick is durable and of good quality, but it is expensive, and its high-quality installation can only be done by professionals.
Foam blocks are easy to use, cheap, environmentally friendly and do not require heavy foundations. They have optimal thermal conductivity, but are prone to destruction.

To build a small country house with your own hands, you should choose the cheapest and easiest to process material. It can be built using wood and insulation or sandwich panels.

When developing a project, you can immediately estimate how much it will cost, since depending on the area of the building, the amount of materials is calculated, for which it will not be difficult to find out current prices.

Marking and building the foundation

There are several types of foundations, but the most practical is a strip foundation, which will withstand and evenly distribute the load of a house built from any material. Before starting a future dacha with your own hands, you need to apply markings. To do this, you should remove all vegetation in the place where the foundation of the house will be located. Many experts even recommend removing the topsoil. If the land plot has obvious unevenness and slopes, then the site must first be leveled. This can be done manually or using special equipment.

After the site is prepared, markings are made. To do this, you need to take 4 pegs, for which it is better to use reinforcing bars. Place one in the ground, marking the first corner, the length and width of the building are measured from it and the remaining 3 pegs are installed and connected with a rope around the perimeter. The result should be a rectangle or square (depending on the project). The corners must be right. To check accuracy, you should connect opposite pegs with a rope, and both diagonals should be equal to each other.

After applying the markings, you can proceed directly to the construction of the strip foundation. The work process will be as follows:

A trench is dug 30–50 centimeters wide, depending on the thickness of the walls. The depth must be calculated in the project taking into account the loads and degree of soil freezing.
A mixture of sand and crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the trench and compacted.
Next you need to install the formwork. It is made from boards and supports are installed between the walls.
To give the necessary rigidity to the base, a reinforcing mesh should be made inside the formwork.
The concrete mixture is poured.

To gain strength, the foundation must stand, so it is not recommended to start building walls within 30 days. It is during this period that concrete gains the necessary grade strength. To prevent the destruction of the foundation, it should be treated with a bitumen mixture, and the upper part of the base should be covered with roofing felt, which will act as waterproofing.

Schematically, the strip foundation looks like in the photo shown:

Walling

The process will depend on the material chosen. The principle of building walls from foam blocks and bricks is similar. In this case, certain rules must be observed:

Laying is done in a checkerboard pattern so that the next layer covers the vertical seam.
You need to start laying from the corner. First, draw an exact straight line and only then carry out the longitudinal installation of blocks or bricks.
The thickness of the seam is 1 centimeter.
The adhesive composition for foam blocks and bricks must be the same in composition throughout the entire construction process.
The laying of each layer should be checked with a level and ensure that they are vertical.

If you decide to build a house made of wood, then first of all you should take care of preparing high-quality timber. The wood must be solid, well-dried, and free from chips, cracks and other mechanical damage. Particular attention should be paid to the absence of blue tint. It is very important to place the first crown correctly. At the corners, the beams are fastened by tapping and secured with long nails. Tow should be laid between each row.

There are several options corner mount timber, which can be clearly seen in the photo:

Frame construction small house considered the fastest and cheapest, especially if made from wood. To do this, it is necessary to install vertical corner and intermediate posts that are attached to the foundation. In this case, the base should first be tied with wooden beams. Vertical racks are mounted using metal corner or by insertion. To strengthen the supports, an upper frame is made of beams around the entire perimeter. The result is a frame consisting of rectangles. To give the structure the necessary rigidity, opposite corners are connected by diagonals of boards. Then the voids are filled with insulation, for example, polystyrene foam or mineral wool.

The process of building a house from sandwich panels can be seen in the video:

Roof construction

There are several types of roofs. Flat ones are made quickly and easily, but subsequently require constant maintenance, since snow and water will constantly linger on the surface, and the risk of leakage is quite high.

The most practical and cheapest for a small country house are considered to be single-pitched or gable roofs. The construction process is simple, and you can do it yourself. To do this, you must follow the following sequence:

Installation of the Mauerlat is the base of the roof, which is a wooden beam installed on opposite walls.
Next comes the installation of the rafter system, the order of which will vary depending on the type of roof chosen. To create a gable roof, it is necessary to fasten vertical rafters to the mauerlat in increments of 0.8–1 meter, connecting them at the top with a ridge beam.
On top of the rafters, a sheathing is made of boards about 4 centimeters thick.
Waterproofing, for example, roofing felt, is laid on the frame.

You can choose any material for the roof. More cheap option- this is slate. More expensive and at the same time having an attractive appearance is metal tiles or ondulin.

Schematic device gable roof looks like in the photo:

At this point, the main construction of the dacha can be considered complete. All that remains is to install windows and doors, make internal partitions, and finish the façade.

2018-04-11

If you decide to build a house on your own summer cottage, then the first problem that will arise for you is what material to use for the work. In addition, other questions may haunt you during such a process. What can you build a house from? What will be more practical? Which material will last longer? Choose a regular brick or try modern technologies? And if you are really concerned about such questions, then from this article you can find out the answers to them.

So, now you have a huge selection of building materials than a couple of decades ago. Today you can build a house from gas silicate blocks or wood. You can also build a house on your site using frame-panel technology. But no one canceled brick either. Some people entrust the construction of their house to specialists, and very soon they are happy wonderful home made of brick. As a result, it is up to you to decide what to build a country house from. We, in turn, would like to tell you about the different materials for building a house. About their properties, different costs, moisture resistance, sound insulation, all the pros and cons and much more.

Building a brick house

This article will allow you to find out what is best to build a country house from. First of all, it’s worth talking about a popular building material - brick. So, brick is the most durable material. A house made of brick structures will last you approximately 100-150 years, or maybe more.

Elderly city residents can confirm that in their cities there are many different, very old buildings that are over 100 years old, they are all intact and built of brick. But let's not advertise the brick too much. A building made from it will be durable and will last a long time only if the brick is of high quality and the finished house is well looked after. Of course, building a house out of brick is not so simple, and if during construction technical errors, then the quality of the house will not be adequate.

In this case, the thermal insulation decreases and the weather resistance will no longer be the same. The main factor is dampness; over time it can destroy the masonry. We would like to note that in order for the finished brick building to be more resistant to dampness, it must be plastered. First you need to seal all the cracks and holes with cement, rub the seams, and only then begin plastering and insulation.

For insulation, the technology of ventilated facades is used, when pieces of insulation are attached to the surface of the wall, covered with membrane-like moisture insulation, and then decorated with siding, lining or something else. There is no other way to prevent moisture from entering the brick. But it is impossible to allow moisture to get inside the brick. If moisture penetrates through poor-quality plaster into a brick, it expands there when it freezes and forms small tears, which will subsequently lead to cracks in the building. This applies most of all to country houses in which there is no heating. Therefore, pay maximum attention to plastering a brick house.

From all that has been said, we must conclude that brick building It will last a long time, but it needs careful care, supervision, and also, such houses take a long time to build.

We use a gas silicate block for the construction of a country house

The gas silicate block is suitable for those residents who want to know the answer to the question of what to build a country house from cheaply. We would like to note that the gas silicate block is a large building material, it is about 8 times larger than brick, has a low density, approximately 2 times lower than brick. The technology for building a house from blocks and bricks is approximately the same. In general, a gas silicate block is a huge brick, only with better properties. Why is a gas silicate block better than a brick?

First, it is large, so the house is built much faster.
Second, the block is easier to process. It is easy to saw it in half, drill it and do other things with it. Therefore, it is much easier to lay communications in such a house. This is very convenient when you are building a building where people will live all year round. Therefore, the wiring will need to be laid inside the wall, and not outside, as happens in many country houses.
Third, when gas silicate blocks are made, they use an unusual, porous technology. There are small air particles inside the block. This greatly reduces the likelihood that the house will freeze and increases thermal conductivity. It turns out that gas silicate blocks retain heat much better. If you want to build something huge, then purchase gas silicate blocks with a tongue-and-groove “lock” of the connection. Thus, you will reduce the number of joints, and this will increase the safety of the building from drafts.

The advantages of wood in the construction of a country house

This publication will provide you with the answer to the question of what to use to build a country house with your own hands. Above we described two building materials that can be used for this matter. Now it’s worth talking about such a material as wood.

Wood comes in three varieties:

rounded log;
timber (planed or profiled);
glued wood materials.

In the Russian Federation, wood is the most common material for building a small house. This is due to the availability, good reserves and excellent performance properties of wood. In addition, wood is a fairly cheap material. More expensive, we can offer laminated veneer lumber. It is more resistant to moisture and almost does not shrink, which is why it costs several times more.

If we list the best properties of wood, we get the following:

Wood has good thermal insulation,
Wood allows air to pass through well and absorbs excess moisture,
Wood can “breathe”.
Natural wood has a pleasant aroma that you will inhale for a very long time.
Wood has low resistance to fungus, mold and rot.

Frame-panel houses on a summer cottage

A frame-panel house is the latest technology. The main material for building your country house will be sandwich panels. These panels are attached to a pre-installed frame. It is necessary to build a house frame from large-section timber that can withstand a lot of weight. Then sandwich panels are attached to them, which adjust the walls of the house. Sandwich panels consist of oriented strand boards with insulation between them. A house with an area of about one hundred square meters made of sandwich panels is erected in 25-30 days.

Finally

So we told you about what to build a country house from. All these materials will help you build a reliable and comfortable building on your summer cottage. And remember that whatever you choose to build your house, we wish you successful construction and a huge number of beautiful and bright days in a new home!

When starting the construction of a house, the future owner must resolve many issues, the main one of which is what material to use for construction. The choice is influenced by many factors, both subjective and objective.

If for some developers the cost is not significant, then for others this parameter is decisive.

In the same way, future comfort and safety of living should be taken into account. This article discusses the features of various options for building a country house.

Basic options for building a house

Along with the cost factor of construction, the features of the building design, climatic conditions, appearance and speed of construction should be taken into account. construction work.

Brick house

A brick house always has a spectacular appearance, but it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the choice of material. Brick products vary significantly in quality. For example, there are bricks that cannot be used in conditions of high humidity and temperature changes.

Houses made from such material will not last more than 15-20 years. But there is material from which houses will last more than 30 years.

The advantages of brick material are:

durability;
strength;
increased noise and heat insulation;
environmental friendliness and the possibility of a variety of interior decoration.

At the same time, such material is quite expensive, construction is possible only in the warm season, and the houses themselves take a long time to warm up and are afraid of dampness.

Houses made of aerated concrete and foam concrete

Cellular concrete is an artificial stone in which the pore cells are evenly distributed and filled with gas or foam bubbles. Unlike foam blocks, aerated concrete is more likely to accumulate moisture.

Artificial stone blocks are easy to move and are not subject to rotting or rust.

In comparison with brick material, foam blocks can withstand smaller loads, so these materials are often used in combination - brick is used for load-bearing walls, and for interior walls– foam blocks with high thermal insulation properties.

Advantages of foam concrete:

efficiency and fast pace of construction;
higher noise and heat insulation compared to brick;
the ability to conduct communications through the voids of blocks.

Such blocks are less durable, and in the cold season it is necessary to warm the house and provide protection from dampness.

Artificial stone must be covered protective materials, and during the operation of the house, settlement and cracks may appear. In the latter case, a more powerful foundation and adherence to masonry technology are required.

A good solution for permanent residence are houses made of rubble stone. In summer, they are kept cool due to thick walls.

But if you live irregularly, additional heating costs will arise - heating a building with such walls is quite problematic.

Monolithic houses

Homes from monolithic concrete characterized by high strength. This material is used in the construction of higher-rise buildings. The advantages of such houses are:

high speed of construction;
slight shrinkage of the structure;
strength and long term operation;
seismic resistance and the possibility of construction on difficult soil, in areas with increased risks of floods;
the ability to create original designs.

At the same time, the construction of monolithic houses is higher, in winter period it increases even more, including due to the use of special equipment. Such houses are characterized by low sound insulation, poor ventilation, and require additional insulation.

Modern frame houses

Frame-panel technologies are common in the construction of houses due to their low cost, high speed and ease of construction (assembly), as well as due to relatively good operating parameters and seismic stability.

In such houses, reinforced concrete or timber is used. Its purpose is to provide the structure with strong supporting and load-bearing structures. To ensure insulation, various insulation materials are used, which are subsequently covered with finishing materials.

Since frame houses are quite light and elastic, they do not require a strong foundation. The shrinkage will be insignificant, and therefore finishing can be done immediately after the construction of the structure.

Panel houses are built from ready-made panels, which are stuffed with special insulating materials. The outside of the house is finished with special façade-type tiles.

Significant disadvantages of frame houses include:

low sound insulation and vibration insulation;
possible voids in which pests may appear;
destruction of insulation, which harms the health of residents.
requirements for the height of the house - no more than 2 floors.

Construction of log houses

Wood is an environmentally friendly, radio- and magnetically transparent material, which is often used in the construction of houses. In summer, wood absorbs moisture in the air and dries it out.

And in winter, when it dries, it evaporates moisture, softening the indoor air. However, this effect persists for several years until the wood dries out and loses these properties. And increased moisture absorption can lead to damage to the material.

When a decision is made to build a house from rounded logs or profiled timber, it is necessary to plan additional processing of seams and joints after the wood has dried and shrinked.

A wooden house needs constant maintenance. It is necessary to permanently live in the building in order to heat it and dry it in a timely manner. Otherwise, the risk of rotting and mold and mildew increases. Therefore, the wood is treated with special antibacterial compounds, as well as fire-fighting solutions.

Wooden houses can be built on difficult soil and do not require a strong foundation. In addition, frost resistance and maintaining a stable temperature regime are ensured.

A the most important condition To ensure long-term operation of the house, there is a high-quality roof with a high base, which will eliminate leakage and wetting.

The considered advantages and disadvantages of various structural solutions for a house are decisive when choosing a construction method.

If you are planning a long-term stay, then you need to choose a stone structure with external insulation. The best solution for a bathhouse and a summer house is a wooden beam. The choice is yours, taking into account your budget and desired layout.

Photos of the best private house buildings

After purchase suburban area for a dacha it definitely becomes topical issue about how to build a country house with your own hands. Well, building it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, you are planning a huge “palace” that requires the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for a dacha, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for a country house building is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the location and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe ct of a small country house

The size of the future home largely depends on the area summer cottage, the number of family members and the financial capabilities of the owners. If you plan wisely, draw up a successful project and choose an inexpensive, but quality material for construction, you can save space, money and work time.

In any case, the first steps are drawing up a project

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Larger buildings are erected much less frequently, and mainly in cases where they are planned to be used year-round. But this will most likely not be a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that can be established by the board of the gardening association, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. The following distances are most often required:

The house must be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring plot, and from the fence separating the plot from the general passage (street) - 5 meters.
In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone building, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden building.
To prevent the house from blocking neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building at least equal to its height.

Usually, to install a country house, the highest place in the area where Water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always have a negative impact on the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following construction technologies are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log houses, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages, designs of one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces are predominantly chosen. Often the building has an attic space used for storage gardening tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always be useful in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes simultaneously serve as a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of the plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan a two-story house that takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be used as a living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor you can arrange cozy sleeping areas for the whole family.

Not at all necessary in a dacha building, build a full second floor, since its role can be perfectly fulfilled by an attic superstructure. By decorating it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful, healthy country atmosphere.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for heating the premises must still be provided - in case of cold nights or drops in temperature during unstable weather. Typically, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if you plan to build a real fireplace or brick oven, then they must be included in the draft being compiled.

There are also ready-made versions of country houses, sold complete in disassembled form, which simply need to be delivered to the site and assembled. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions, which outline the procedure for carrying out the work, basic technological techniques and connection diagrams individual elements and nodes.

For the owner of the site, who has basic construction skills, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house yourself. The main advantage of this option is that often the kit already includes everything necessary for electrical network buildings for him ventilation system and even for installation of water supply.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on the approximate plan of the future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. This choice will determine not only the appearance of the building itself, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

The traditional material for a country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. A wooden house can be erected frame method, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is considered to be the high fire hazard of the material.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, there are special fire-retardant impregnations on sale that significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - namely, people’s neglect of basic requirements fire safety in the vast majority of cases it becomes the cause of fire.

The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with good reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in the summer, but also, if necessary, in the winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less susceptible to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process that requires special skills, and high price for materials.

Very often when building a country house they are used different materials. For example, a house is built from wood, but on a foundation made of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since a foundation made of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus it will become a reliable foundation for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of construction of a country house

Materials for building a country house

If you don’t want to bother with calculations, then it’s better to purchase a prefabricated ready-made model of a house that has a certain area, for which you only need to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

Prices different kinds timber

Foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:

— sand, crushed stone, cement;

- third-grade board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

— waterproofing material(ruberoid);

— expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of the walls, other materials will be selected based on this:

— bars and boards of different sizes, depending on the design parameters;

- fastening elements - nails, self-tapping screws, bolts, studs;

- corners of different configurations, metal plates - for fastening nodes;

— vapor barrier film;

— insulation — mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

— to cover the roof, it is better to choose a lightweight material — ondulin or corrugated sheeting.

Once the installation location for the future house has been determined and the materials have been purchased, you can proceed to arranging the foundation. True, first you will have to decide on its type.

Country house foundation

Even when erecting such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you cannot do without a foundation. In this case, one of two types is ideal for these purposes - a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

A column foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.

You can find out in detail how to build it correctly by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

To create a strip foundation, you will need not only a larger amount of materials, but also a fairly long period of time. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug along the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install a reinforcement structure, build formwork and fill the foundation pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will take another month until the filled tape completely hardens and gains brand strength.

However, strip foundations are still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient because it allows you to make basement However, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. is described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by following the link provided.

If a columnar foundation is selected, then it is recommended to remove the top layer of soil by 150 ÷ 200 mm from the site, which will be located under the house and around it by 500 ÷ 600 mm. Then pour a 30 ÷ 40 mm layer of sand into the resulting pit, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion mid-fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be filled with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done to ensure that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They cannot stand expanded clay (especially small clay), as it contains a large amount of dust and has a loose surface.

Fine expanded clay is an excellent rodent repellent

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to cover the space under the house with a metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house optimal choice- frame structure

A frame house can be placed on either a columnar or strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be reliably waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing felt.

If the project includes a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general wall frame. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
All without exception wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of insect nests or colonies of microflora representatives - mold or fungus.

After the workpieces have received proper preparation and are completely dry, during construction, a lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to install the floor.

In order for the floor to be reliable, it is necessary to use high-quality timber for the frame. the required section. If funds allow, then it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of dimensions, but by placing a certain margin in their cross-section.

The table shows optimal sizes timber for a frame house:

The frame support beams are mounted on crown bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are secured using corners or by inserting. If the elements are large in cross-section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.

When the lower frame with support beams is ready, the wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately, and then, when finished, lifted and secured to the framing bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly into place. For example, if a house is erected independently, without helpers, then finished frame It will be very difficult to lift it from the tent alone to the height of the harness, install it evenly and temporarily fix it until it is finally secured. This means that each of the bars will have to be placed separately.

The size of the bars for the wall frame posts must be at least 100x100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross-section of at least 50x150 mm.

The bars are fixed to bottom trim with the help of powerful corners that can hold them in an upright position. It is best to use self-tapping screws rather than nails for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

When installing vertical racks, you need to immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they are to be installed free in the frame, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping block is installed and secured to all other vertical posts, the area with the window opening is secured to the space left for it.

All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal struts on both sides - they will add rigidity to the entire wall structure.

The doorway is installed in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since a door suspended on hinges has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

If you plan to sheathe the frame with outside clapboard, then the next step is to carry out this event. The sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow the installation of the attic floor to continue and

Installation of the floor can be carried out immediately after the outer wall cladding, but only if the roof will be covered on the same day. It is highly undesirable for your freshly laid flooring to get wet if it rains unexpectedly at night. Therefore, it is better to first resolve the issue with the roof, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of rafter systems

A few words need to be said about the types of rafter systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, it is necessary to have a general idea about this, to know which design is better to choose.

There are two types of rafter systems - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

The hanging rafter system is distinguished by the fact that it is installed only on external load-bearing walls and has no other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house building. In order to ease the burden on wooden walls and on the foundation, the hanging rafters are fastened with a tie.

The hanging structure itself consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously serve as a frame for lining the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

The layered system is installed if in the house, in addition to external walls, there are internal capital partitions that will become additional support points. This scheme can also be used when constructing the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on the foundation.

When installing this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so it will be possible to use fewer retaining elements. It is perfect for attic structures that will be used as living quarters.

Floor beams

An important structural element is the floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above vertical posts wall frame. In order for them to fit tightly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut out at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

The beams are fixed to frame structure walls using nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the ceiling beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary plank flooring is laid on the floor beams to ensure comfortable movement along the attic plane during installation of the rafters.

Installation of the rafter system

The roof truss system can be mounted using different sequences of fastening its elements:

First option. It is necessary to fasten the outer pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then lift them onto the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
Second option. To begin, install the middle posts along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge beam or board, onto which the rafters are then attached.
Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are attached to each other with a ridge plate, and their lower side is fixed to the wall frame, which in this embodiment will act as a mauerlat.

The cross-section of beams or logs used for rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two support points, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

Maximum allowed length rafter leg(in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	*Section of the rafter leg (in mm)*
	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the attachment point for the rafters in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened to the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the load-bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a notch is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut at a right angle to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed to it using a special fastening plate, a sliding support, an angle, a bracket, nails or long self-tapping screws.

If the house is very small, then after securing the rafters to the frame, tying them with ridge beams or boards, you most likely will not have to install additional supporting elements.

Detailed information about the exact details can be obtained from a special publication on our portal by following the recommended link:

For installation of additional reinforcing elements of the rafter system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Rafter fasteners

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements will form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for the roof deck.

The first thing that needs to be done on the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with staples and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

The main batten is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, onto which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the sheets of roofing material.

If a soft roof is chosen to cover the roof, then instead of sheathing slats, the slopes are covered completely - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing felt, which are overlapped by 150 ÷ 200 mm and glued together with bitumen mastic. Another option is to use soft bitumen decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

For wooden houses The following roofing materials are most often used (depending on the steepness of the roof slope).

The selected roofing material is laid and secured onto the prepared base. The work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are installed according to the same pattern.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation pattern in direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions supplied with them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing material, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ 200 mm) and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction along the roof are determined.

Almost all roofing materials are secured to the sheathing using special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

It is very important to correctly select and secure the ridge elements of the roof, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Typically, the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
Next, the eaves of the roof are finished - this can be done with wooden or plastic lining. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

Then elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the wind board - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

Next, the gable sides of the rafter system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards.

For the lining, a special profile is fixed around the perimeter of the pediment triangle, into which the prepared panels, cut at the desired angle, will be installed. Installation is usually done symmetrically - from the middle post to one side and then the other - then the cladding will be smooth and neat.

By the way, install the lining, Besides, you can do it horizontally, in a herringbone pattern, or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external finishing of the roof and being confident that rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can move on to installing windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them and leveled. For preliminary fixation when placing the frame, spacers made of wooden blocks or slats are installed between it and the opening bars.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled polyurethane foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give neatness. general appearance house.

It is best to install the door together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. This will make it much easier to level the entire structure doorway walls.

It is best to install the door as a block - together with the frame and leaf

When exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, place wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. Fixed door frame to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with polyurethane foam.

Having installed all the windows and doors, you can proceed to installing the floor.

Installation and insulation of floors

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

To do this, on frame load-bearing beams cranial bars are nailed or screwed. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

Next, boards cut to exact size or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick are laid on the skull blocks - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
The subfloor laid on top is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are laid overlapping (by 150 ÷ 200 mm) and taped at the joints with waterproof tape.

Next, insulation material is laid or poured onto the vapor barrier film. If you don’t want to have neighbors who like to live under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

Another layer of film membrane is laid on top of the insulation, which is nailed to the supporting beams with staples. The installation principle is exactly the same as on a subfloor.

The floor is finished!

The entire structure is then covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in ceiling, and if it is missing, place the insulation along the internal slopes of the roof.

First on all the walls and ceiling beams is fixed vapor barrier material. Then the ceiling is covered with clapboard, plywood or plasterboard.
After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. Insulation mats are laid between the frame posts. It is necessary to ensure that the mats fit as tightly as possible against the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why mineral wool is most often used as insulation - after being tightly laid between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling the entire space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

After this, all walls are again covered with vapor barrier film.

The next step is covering the walls. wooden clapboard, plywood or . The latter, during subsequent decorative finishing of the walls, can be painted water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

Next, it is insulated attic floor, there is insulation - it is laid between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed on the side of the house with plasterboard or clapboard, then we must not forget that you cannot step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. You must move carefully along the floor beams.

If the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden supplies, then a flooring made of boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm should be secured on top of the insulation on the floor beams.
The finishing touches of the interior decoration will be the installation of trim on windows and doors, ceilings and floor skirting boards and closing the corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and porch.

If a place is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to do without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable master who has experience in similar works, will always give helpful advice and will show how to correctly install certain components in the structure of the house. You can “mobilize” your relatives and friends - it is possible that knowledgeable person will be among them.