If you have experienced the purchase or sale of apartments, then you have noticed that buyers do not really like corner apartments or rooms. What is this connected with? Although it is much easier to ventilate such an apartment in summer, the view from the windows opens on two or even three sides.
But there is one significant drawback. Very often, with the arrival of frost, residents of corner apartments suffer from insufficient heat. If the temperature outside is around zero, and heating season has not yet begun, uncomfortable conditions are being created inside such an apartment. It appears, the windows fog up, the floor becomes cold, and the bed becomes damp.
The main reason for this is the presence of three walls that have access to the outside and are therefore subject to the greatest influence low temperatures. In winter, even if available central heating, the situation is only getting worse.
The walls can freeze completely, especially in the corners, the interior decoration will begin to fall off, and mold and mildew will appear. Staying in such an apartment will not only be uncomfortable, but also unsafe, especially for children. After all, they are most susceptible to the occurrence of diseases caused by.
What to do in such a situation? Many people try to establish additional radiators heating, but this, most often, does not solve the problem or solves it, but not completely. Dampness moves to the ceiling, forming places where mold accumulates.
What is the right thing to do in such a situation? The best solution is that you need to try to insulate the walls. How can I do that? How to do it? We'll try to figure it out now. What is the best way to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside? First, let's look at what types exist.
Today, the market for thermal insulation materials is extensive, represented by various products. All of them are divided according to the place of their installation: outside the wall or inside the room.
Each of them has both disadvantages and advantages. When installing any of them, you must strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions.
When buying a heat insulator, you should pay attention to the following parameters:
- heat conductivity;
- air permeability;
- waterproofing properties;
- environmental Safety;
- fire resistance;
- operating time.
Using quality material, you can insulate the corner without any problems. What is the best insulation for walls inside an apartment? What is the best way to insulate walls from the inside?
Minvata
This heat insulator is the most popular; it is made from basalt fiber. It has excellent thermal insulation properties, allows good ventilation air, but does not tolerate excess moisture well. This material has a high degree of fire safety and does not emit toxic substances when exposed to direct fire.
When installing mineral wool, special guides are used, and the installation process itself does not require special effort, because light material and elastic. Is it possible to insulate walls with it? But over time, these qualities can cause it to lose its shape.
The environmental component is also ambiguous - the material emits a small amount of harmful gases. Some people do not use it because of the significant weight gained during installation of the structure.
Polystyrene foam insulation
The name speaks about the process of its creation. That is, the material is created by foaming polystyrene under high pressure. The price of such material is quite affordable, it is easy to assemble and install, which makes it a popular heat insulator.
It has good thermal insulation properties, it is environmentally friendly and safe. It can be used for interior works, and for external ones. It can be mounted on walls made of any material.
The process is quite simple and not labor-intensive. The advantages include its huge service life. But of course there are also disadvantages.
So, due to poor water permeability, on wooden walls Condensation can accumulate, which leads to their destruction, and it is also highly flammable. The insulation of a concrete wall from the inside can be carried out perfectly using this material.
Extruded polystyrene foam
This material is the most popular insulation. It is elastic and easy to process. The disadvantages include the difficulty in joining sheets.
There is a material on sale in which the edge is made in the form of protrusions, which makes it much easier installation work.
has good moisture resistance, it is lightweight, convenient for installation work.
Use of polystyrene foam
This is an excellent material for insulating apartment walls. It contains more than 95% gas, so it is an excellent heat insulator.
It is distinguished by its low cost, excellent waterproofing, and fire safety. Polystyrene foam is used at any temperature, being an environmentally friendly material.
Application of keramoizol
It's relative new material. It is sold in containers of various sizes, as it represents liquid material. Has excellent thermal insulation properties. Keramoizol is a durable, waterproof and vapor-tight product.
During installation, several layers are applied, and for better thermal insulation- six. The layers are laid perpendicular to each other. This material has proven itself only with the best side.Its only and main disadvantage is its high price.
Penoizol insulation
Thermal insulation material - penoizol is a type of polyurethane and is used in the form of foam. The advantage is the quick installation of the material in a brick building., forming a layer required thickness heat insulator, no seams or joints.
Excellent thermal insulation and waterproofing properties, the material is non-flammable and environmentally friendly. But perhaps its main advantage is the low cost of work, almost two times less than when using conventional materials.
Using Astratek
Asstratek is a suspension; solid particles are represented by various polymers. To apply to the wall, use a spray gun or install it manually paint brush. Excellent insulation, just one centimeter of layer is similar to fifty centimeters of a mineral wool slab.
Doesn't pick up inner space premises, forms a smooth, homogeneous surface that requires minimal processing for applying cladding. The main limiting factor for large-scale application is its high cost.
How to insulate the walls in an apartment from the inside? It's up to you to decide.
How to insulate walls in a panel and monolithic house?
How to insulate walls from the inside? How to insulate a concrete wall from the inside? How to do this correctly? To insulate a wall from the inside, consider step by step instructions insulation of walls and partitions in panel house from the inside.
Algorithm of actions:
- First you need to prepare the walls. To do this, you need to remove furniture, clean the walls of finishing material before plaster. Therefore, this procedure should be combined with repair work in your apartment;
- next must be done. It is best to use special polymers, but you can also use regular ones. plastic film. It is applied directly to the walls, the places where the strips are fastened are glued. To do this, use construction tape;
- Next we install the sheathing; you can use both wooden and metal guides. In the first case, the tree must be treated with antiseptics and fire-fighting solutions. When installing the sheathing, the step size must be selected depending on the insulation, so as not to form gaps and voids;
- then we directly lay the heat insulator, that is, we insulate the walls. It should fit into the openings between the sheathing. Many materials are designed in such a way that during installation they straighten out and fill the entire form, this significantly reduces installation time;
- installation . By installing it, we protect our insulation from wet steam, which is always present in the apartment. Under no circumstances should these measures be neglected, as moisture will begin to accumulate in the insulation. As a result of this, the product will lose its properties, and all your work will be lost.
The vapor barrier film is laid without gaps or omissions, the joints and cracks are treated with sealants;
- installation . It is necessary to choose a material suitable for installation in residential premises. When installing sheets, it is important to follow the instructions, and then you should do the necessary procedures for installing facing materials.
How to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside? Insulate a corner apartment in a panel or monolithic house you can by following these six steps.
Installing insulation on brick walls
How to insulate brick walls inside an apartment with your own hands? Corner walls V brick house can be insulated using the same method as in a panel one. Therefore, we will analyze the work of installing material made from polystyrene.
Insulating a wall in an apartment from the inside:
- clean the walls down to the plaster. If it is missing, then it should be applied. After this, the walls must be leveled, cracks repaired and then treated with a primer;
- you need to prepare the glue according to the manufacturer's recommendations and apply it to the walls that you will insulate. In the beginning, you can use a regular spatula. You need to apply glue to the walls, then take a notched trowel and go around the entire perimeter again. This is done in order to create an uneven surface of the glue. This promotes better adhesion of the insulation;
- how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside? Next, we take sheets of thermal insulation and begin installing them on the walls. First of all, the very bottom row is laid. We apply the polystyrene sheet tightly and press it through; you do not need to use dowels or other fastening materials. When installing, use a level and carefully join the edges so that no gaps form; if necessary, cut the sheets. The next row is installed so that the junction of the two sheets is in the middle bottom sheet. This will give greater durability to the entire structure.
Watch the surface of the insulation so that unevenness does not form, because when final finishing this will bring additional difficulties.
- After you have installed the thermal insulation, you can begin finishing works. If you plan to cover the walls with plasterboard, then no additional work on the insulation is required. If you plan to cover it with a layer of plaster, putty, wallpaper, or paint, then you need to treat it with a primer, then install a mesh of reinforcing fiber. After this, you can begin to apply layers of plaster or putty.
By following these steps, you can insulate corner room from the inside.
Insulation of walls using the “electric floor” method
How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside according to this method? Insulation of the apartment from the inside is carried out as follows. First of all, you need to attach the “” sheets to the wall using fastening materials.
After this, we connect the sheets to electrical network apartments. At the very severe frost turn on the system and warm up the walls until they are completely dry. After this, we lay thermal insulation to prevent heat loss. Then you can start tiling the walls.
So, if you decide to insulate the walls corner apartment, you need to choose a material based on the type of walls and the price range of the heat insulator. Then it is important to consider the method of installation and subsequent cladding.
You should also pay attention to the following aspects:
- installing insulation reduces the volume of the room;
- poorly performed work can lead to mold;
- For comfortable life ventilation must be installed.
By strictly adhering to the rules, you can insulate your apartment and create comfort in it. Insulating the walls of an apartment from the inside is a fairly simple process.
And the inside (you can insulate the front, back, end wall) is carried out according to the instructions. An insulated corner apartment is great because you can enjoy comfort.
Living in a panel house is not always comfortable, since in winter the facade can freeze, moisture can accumulate on it, and mold can form. This leads to peeling of the wallpaper and an uncomfortable microclimate in the room - the temperature in the room is below a comfortable level. This is due to the properties of the walls of the panel structure, which are not characterized by resistance to change temperature regime And high humidity. To solve this problem, you will have to insulate the walls, and this must be done from the outside.
Photo of an insulated facade panel house
Insulation options
Insulating a panel house from the outside allows you to stop the flow of heat through the concrete. An additional layer of thermal insulation will protect against destructive effects external factors. On the market today you can find many that can be used for insulation inside or outside.
Insulation inside
For a panel house, insulating it from the inside will only make the situation worse. This is due to the movement of the dew point, which will move closer to inside walls. In practice, this means that moisture will accumulate in the walls with even greater force - both the wall and the insulation will get wet, so the service life of the facade will be significantly reduced. To avoid such a situation, and at the same time reducing the usable area of the apartment and destroying the design, you should give preference to insulating a panel house.
Insulation from outside
The difficulty is that insulating a panel house with a large number of floors is only possible with the help of climbing equipment. It is clear that it is almost impossible to get money to pay specialists and buy building materials from utility services. Moreover, an attempt to insulate a house at the expense of the residents also does not always meet with understanding from all project participants. Therefore, you can take the path of least resistance and insulate a separate apartment.
The main advantages of external insulation:
- There's no need to break interior decoration premises;
- The internal one is preserved effective area apartments;
- The supporting structure of the “socket” is strengthened, that is, the building is strengthened, which has a positive effect on its service life;
- The insulation is an additional sound insulator;
- The temperature inside the room increases with the same heating costs, since the walls are protected from freezing - heat loss through the panel box is reduced.
How to choose insulation
When choosing insulation for outdoor use, you should consider the following factors:
- Climate of the region in which the panel house is located
- Wind rose and precipitation
- Available budget
- Local features, for example, the design project of the building facade.
To calculate the estimate and create a project, you must contact the management company or the HOA, while a team of industrial climbers will directly handle the insulation
Thermal conductivity diagram for building insulation
Types of insulation for panel houses
Can be used for thermal insulation of a panel house following materials:
· mineral wool
Is one of the most popular insulation materials for outdoor work. This is due to good performance characteristics, in particular, low thermal conductivity. Wherein mineral wool It is hygroscopic, so it is important to isolate it from moisture. Otherwise thermal insulation properties are leveled out. For this purpose, it is necessary to lay a vapor-permeable membrane under the insulation layer - it will protect the mineral wool from moisture. You can also create an air gap in the ventilated facade - in this case, a membrane is not needed.
· extruded polystyrene foam and polystyrene
And extruded polystyrene foam or, as it is also called, penoplex, also have low thermal conductivity, so they can be used as insulation for a panel house. Moreover, if you choose from these materials, then most often foam is used as a heat insulator.
This material attracts with its lightness; moreover, such slabs can be mounted on the wall without any problems. In addition to thermal insulation, they provide additional insulation from sounds from the street. At the same time, when selecting a material, it is important to note the marking - the foam should be G1, which means “does not support independent combustion. If the foam is flammable, it should not be used. It is worth considering that the labeling does not always correspond to the real state of affairs. Therefore, it is warm when purchasing insulating material it is necessary to request a certificate for the product - it must comply with GOST 30244-94.
External insulation
Carrying out work on insulating the facade of a multi-storey building
Insulation of the facade of a panel house is carried out in the following stages:
Preparatory stage
Preparing the surface of the facade is necessary - the end walls of the panel house are leveled, the slabs are cleaned of plaque. It is also important to seal voids and cracks; panel joints are sealed. If necessary, it is worth laying a sealant between the joints, while special mastic is used to seal cracks. Unevenness of the wall surface is allowed within two centimeters - such a deviation does not need to be repaired. When all the materials are dry, the wall is impregnated with a universal primer, which is applied using a sprayer or roller.
Installation of insulation
Since in the vast majority of cases for thermal insulation panel houses Foam plastic is used, it is worth considering the installation technology of this insulation. You can fix the foam using the following methods: placing the slabs on glue, fastening them, or combining these two options is the most reliable choice. The direction of pasting is from bottom to top. In this case, pasting begins with the installation of the starting strip.
After this, we begin to apply glue to the surface of the panel house - the technologies used directly depend on the quality of the walls. If they are smooth, then you can apply glue with a comb. If, as often happens, the walls are uneven, then the glue is simply thrown onto the surface. It is important to carefully fill the seams with glue. All this allows you to get rid of voids under the heat insulator. There is no need to apply glue to the foam.
Installation of foam plastic on the wall
The option when the glue is applied to the polystyrene foam, and not to the house, in in this case is not suitable, since the voids under the insulation will become natural bridges of cold, which will reduce the effectiveness of the entire event as a whole.
We apply the foam to the glue layer and press it well. After gluing all the plates, you need to leave them alone for several days. During this period, the adhesive solution will dry and shrink, after which it will be possible to perform next stage works As for fastening the slabs with dowels, you can choose plastic mushrooms. This is due to the lightness and low strength of polystyrene foam - such fasteners will save the facade from unnecessary heat loss.
It is worth paying attention to the gaps - they need to be filled polyurethane foam, cutting off the excess after the material has hardened.
As for the dowel caps, they must be covered with an adhesive mixture. All irregularities remaining after the glue has dried can be removed with regular sandpaper.
Preparation for reinforcement
The fragility of polystyrene foam is a serious drawback, so the insulation needs reinforcement - just glue a thin mesh. Such protection should prevent the destruction of the foam due to atmospheric phenomena and other unfavorable factors.
Preparation for reinforcement proceeds as follows: first, the corners are pasted over, after which you can proceed to pasting the walls themselves. To simplify the process, meshes with ready-made corners are used, which minimizes time consumption. If there are no such meshes, then you will have to make corners from a regular mesh. It is enough to cut a long strip 30 centimeters wide and bend it at an angle - this design is pressed against the corner of the house greased with glue. In general, cutting the mesh into fragments greatly simplifies the installation itself, which allows you to sequentially cover the areas coated with glue with fragments. In this case, the mesh should overlap at the junction.
After gluing the mesh, you need to wait for the glue to dry, after which you can use a plastic float to clean off the excess solution and remove any unevenness.
Scheme of insulation of the facade of a panel house
Finishing
Before finishing A leveling layer is applied to the entire treated façade. After this, it is necessary to apply a primer and a layer of plaster. The final stage is, preferably in a color that will not stand out too much against the background of the main color of the multi-story panel building.
Most of the built panel and brick houses did not provide for insulation of facades. Concrete and brick have high density and low thermal insulation properties. The consequence is cold walls and uncomfortable temperatures. There are several ways to insulate from the inside, the main thing is to avoid the appearance of dampness.
Dew point - physics of the phenomenon
A cold wall is not the only drawback of panel or brick houses. Often dampness and accompanying fungus and mold appear on it. The best way struggle - insulating the wall from the outside (this is also a requirement of SNiP), but this is not always possible. Therefore, we have to deal with the cold wall by insulating it from the inside. But there are pitfalls here.
Even if the cold wall was previously dry, when insulating it from the inside, dampness may appear. And the so-called dew point will be to blame.
The dew point is a conditional boundary at which the temperature of water vapor becomes equal to the temperature of condensation formation. It naturally appears during the cold season. With proper design of the house (taking into account the characteristics of the region), it is located approximately in the middle of the thickness of the facade made of a material of uniform density.
If insulation is carried out from the outside, then the dew point shifts towards decreasing density (that is, towards outer surface walls). When insulating from the inside, it moves inward, and condensation may appear on the surface of the main wall or inside the insulation.
And to assess the scale of possible damage, it is enough to say that as a result of the life activity of one person, about 4 liters of water evaporate per day (cooking, wet cleaning, personal hygiene, washing, etc.).
Features of insulating a cold wall from the inside
There are several ways to prevent condensation from appearing on an internally insulated wall:
- Creating a layer from thermal insulation material with less vapor permeability than the façade material.
- Insulation using materials with minimal water absorption.
- Application of ventilated facade technology (taking into account internal placement).
Liquid thermal insulation
Polyurethane foam
PPU insulation meets all requirements for vapor barrier, water absorption and absence of seams. Therefore, even if there is a dew point inside the layer, it will remain “conditional”, since there is no condensation in vapor-tight materials. This results in a completely sealed thermal insulation layer from the room side.
The environmental friendliness of polyurethane foam after hardening meets the requirements for residential premises. Harmful fumes are present only when the components are mixed during the spraying process - after polymerization, the structure of the material remains stable.
Apply thermal insulation between the sheathing and sew up with moisture-resistant sheet materials(gypsum board, OSB or plywood). Essentially, it's like a large prefabricated sandwich panel.
The disadvantage of this method is the use of special equipment.
Liquid ceramics
This is a relatively young thermal insulation material, the action of which is based on the use of two principles - the creation of a thin layer with high resistance to heat transfer and the reflection of heat towards the radiation source.
Of course, a thin thermal insulation layer cannot provide good thermal insulation- This is an auxiliary, but mandatory factor. Although it gives a fairly high effect - the wall becomes much “warmer” to the touch.
The main task of reducing heat loss is performed by microscopic ceramic spheres that reflect infrared radiation.
According to the manufacturers, the effect of a 1.5 mm layer can be compared with thermal insulation with 5 cm thick foam plastic or 6.5 cm mineral wool.
The application method is the same as for acrylic paint(the basis is the same). After polymerization, a dense and durable film is formed on the surface, and latex additives improve waterproofing properties.
Rolled thermal insulation
Penofol
Penofol is a combination of polyethylene foam and aluminum foil. This is a whole series of materials (including single-sided, double-sided, laminated, with an adhesive layer). Moreover, it can be used both in combination with other heat-insulating materials, and independently. By the way, penofol is popular for insulating a bathhouse from the inside, and there is much more steam there than in an ordinary living room.
To insulate a cold wall, use penofol with one layer of foil (one-sided) and up to 5 mm thick.
In the case, as with liquid ceramics, the effect is achieved due to the low thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene, as well as its low vapor permeability and high reflective properties of foil (up to 97%).
But unlike seamless coatings It is impossible to achieve complete sealing and prevent the appearance of cold bridges. Consequently, condensation may form on the surface of the foil. Even the obligatory sealing of the joints with adhesive aluminum foil will still leave gaps inside between adjacent sheets.
The traditional method of combating the formation of condensation on foil is lathing with a ventilated gap between the penofol and the outer cladding.
Polyph
Another version of foamed polyethylene, but already made in the form of a kind of wallpaper - there is a layer of paper on both sides. Polyfoam and is intended for gluing wallpaper onto it.
Of course, its thermal insulation properties are not as high as those of penofol, but to make cold wall warmer to the touch, they are quite enough.
In most cases, the insignificant thickness of the insulation does not lead to the dew point moving to the inner surface.
The disadvantage of this method is that only a dry wall is insulated.
Insulation with polystyrene foam
Expanded polystyrene (or extruded polystyrene foam) is glued to the prepared and leveled wall. Both materials have very low water absorption (especially extruded polystyrene foam), so the formation of condensation in the insulation layer is excluded. The main danger is its appearance on the surface of the insulated wall.
Therefore, it is best to glue the sheets to special hydrophobic adhesive mixtures applied over the entire surface of the sheets. And to prevent the penetration of water vapor from the side of the room, treat the seams with sealant (you can also use polystyrene foam with a step or a tongue-and-groove connection).
Finishing can be done in two ways:
- mesh reinforcement and plaster application;
- paneling on a supporting frame fixed to the floor, ceiling and adjacent walls (false wall made of plasterboard).
Insulation with mineral wool
Mineral wool does not meet the requirements for vapor permeability and water absorption for insulation from the inside. But it can be used.
The main thing is to provide maximum protection from moist air from the room and ventilate water vapor from the insulation layer. That is, create a ventilated facade, but in the reverse order: wall, gap, vapor-permeable membrane, mineral wool, vapor barrier film, decorative cladding indoors.
It is necessary to create a false wall at a distance of 2-3 cm from the main wall. And to ventilate water vapor, make ventilation holes at the bottom and top.
More and more often multi-storey buildings“spots” appear in the form of bright multi-colored squares around the windows. This indicates that the apartment owners took care of the insulation of their housing. Residents of panel houses often resort to this service. What is panel insulation? apartment building, and what does it give?
A little about insulating external walls
In winter, everyone's desire is to return to a warm cozy apartment and relax after a hard day. But expectations do not always coincide with reality. Due to rain, winds, high humidity, and temperature changes, the walls of houses freeze. The façade of the building is gradually collapsing and cracks are appearing. On the inside load-bearing structures, from a lack of heat, mold appears and air humidity rises. Insulation concrete walls solves this problem.
A layer of insulation helps to avoid destruction of the façade part of the wall and retain heat within the apartment. In addition, there are a number of advantages when insulating the external walls of a panel house:
- the premises are protected from strong winds and drafts;
- heat is retained and the air temperature in the apartment becomes a couple of degrees higher;
- all cracks that cause the partitions in the room to freeze and get wet are eliminated;
- when strengthening a small part of the facade, the operational life of the entire panel building is extended;
- Sound insulation is slightly improved;
- there is no need to move during the work on insulating the external walls.
The price depends on the area of insulation and the quality of the materials used. But when the issue of heat is at stake in winter period, then the situation speaks for itself.
Types of materials
The quality and durability of the insulation depends on the chosen material. Mineral wool and polystyrene foam are popular.
- Extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam is the most available material. Foam boards differ only in thickness. It is lightweight, absorbs excess sound well, and does not release heat from the room. It may seem like an unreliable and fragile material. This is true. But this problem can be easily solved with plastering. The weight is minimal and the excess is cut off with a knife, making it easier to work with at height. Polystyrene foam practically does not absorb water - this extends the service life of the material.
Read also: How long does a spouse's consent to sell real estate last?
- Dozens of manufacturers produce mineral wool. It has good thermal conductivity. It's convenient to work with, but not high altitude. The weight of a slab made of such material is quite large and, when fastening, it is necessary to use dowels. During installation, a membrane is used to prevent vaporization. Otherwise, the mineral wool will get wet and lose its properties.
- The most expensive material is foam glass. It repels water, retains heat, and protects from extraneous noise. Prevents the appearance of mold and mildew. It is durable.
The amount of material used is calculated based on the area of the wall that needs to be insulated. Plus 15% of the total quantity in reserve. Before attaching the insulation to a panel house, the walls go through a preparation stage.
Preliminary preparation of walls
In order for the insulation to fit tightly to the wall, the surface must be leveled and the cracks sealed.
Important! All stages are carried out only by specialists. You need to thoroughly know the sequence of work and its features.
The foundation preparation process goes through several stages:
- the wall is cleaned of old layers of any coating (paint, plaster, whitewash, etc.);
- dust and dirt are removed, the surface is sprayed with water;
- interpanel seams and cracks are cleaned of dust and insulated with installation foam, and hardened excess is removed;
- cleaning is carried out again.
Along with preparing the walls, the window slopes are put in order. To avoid the formation of fungus, the surface is primed. For this, a sprayer is used, or less often a special roller.
Interesting! This type of work is carried out mainly at heights. This is a dangerous activity, and most often, 2-3 people are involved in installation. But there are also loners who have gotten used to performing all the stages on their own.
Stages of insulation of a panel apartment building
High-quality installation is the basis for the durability of insulation. It depends on many factors. One of them is the material on which it is attached. Typically, construction adhesive, dowels, or a combination of both are used. The entire process takes several days to allow the materials to dry as they are used.
Recommendation! Insulation is carried out in summer and early autumn, before the rainy season begins. Every year more and more people want to keep their rooms warm. Therefore, it is worth addressing this issue in advance. After all, the entry in best companies wall insulation begins literally six months in advance, or even earlier.
Fastening
The glue is applied to the surface either in lumps or with a notched trowel. Thus, when pressed, the glue evenly fills the space between the insulation and the wall. The rows are laid out in a checkerboard pattern from bottom to top. The plate is applied to the surface from the bottom to the top corner, and is aligned along construction level. Also for the level, use beacon corners or stretch a vertical thread between opposite sheets.
Over time, the walls of a panel house need additional insulation. Unlike brick buildings, when there is a difference in temperature, they can freeze and accumulate moisture, which leads to the destruction of the external facade of the house, the appearance of cracks, mold and other unpleasant changes. Residents may notice that the apartments are cold, despite the presence of heating. To eliminate the consequences of such changes, and to maintain the level of heat inside as much as possible, it is recommended to insulate the panel house from the outside.
Advantages of external insulation
External insulation of the house will not only avoid heat leakage through the walls, but will also protect the facade from further destruction. Using various options decorative design in exterior decoration the house will look new. In addition, insulating walls from the outside has the following advantages:
- there is no need to evict residents from the house during repair work,
- increasing the temperature inside the building by protecting walls from freezing and other adverse effects weather conditions,
- no resizing interior spaces– the entire living space is preserved,
- insulation technology strengthens supporting structure panel house, the building becomes more durable and its service life increases,
- a layer of insulation on the outside acts as additional good sound insulation of the building.
External wall insulation is most effective for panel houses - it can save up to 50% of heat.
Types of insulation
The choice of which material is best to insulate the walls from the outside is influenced by:
- location of the panel house in a certain climatic region,
- amount of precipitation, wind strength and speed,
- allocated budget for insulation of a panel house,
- other individual factors.
useful in work
The estimate and project for the work is usually Management Company or HOA. A team of industrial climbers directly carries out the insulation process from the outside.
For panel houses, two types of insulation are mainly used:
Mineral wool
For outdoor work, it is convenient to work with mineral wool slabs, which are produced by various manufacturers. She has good performance according to basic characteristics, including thermal conductivity. However, you need to ensure that the mineral wool does not get wet, otherwise it will lose its thermal insulation properties. To do this, a vapor-permeable membrane is laid under the insulation layer, which will protect it from vapors.
When finishing a ventilated facade, condensation from the walls of the house will be removed due to the air gap and the membrane does not need to be used. 
Styrofoam
It is distinguished by its lightness and simplicity when laying slabs on the wall. Also has good parameters for heat and sound insulation. For outside work, it is important to use a material that does not support spontaneous combustion. Manufacturers mark it with the G1 marking, however, the results of many tests confirm that the foam is flammable, and this name does not meet the requirements of GOST 30244-94. When purchasing insulation, be sure to ask the seller for product certificates.
It is important to know
The insulation of a panel house from the outside is limited by the thickness of the insulating material. The maximum value of the foam thickness for walls is calculated using special formulas, taking into account the average temperatures in a certain climatic region and the purpose of the building (residential, public, industrial).
Stages of the facade insulation process
Depending on the chosen insulation method, installation will vary. There are two main technologies:
- Wet Facade
- Ventilated facade
The process of insulation using the “wet” method is described below.
Preparing the wall surface
It is necessary to carefully prepare the surfaces of the facade of the house in order to insulate it efficiently. Each wall is leveled, cleaned of various deposits, voids and cracks are sealed, especially paying attention to the joints of the panels. If necessary, they put a sealant in them, coat the cracks with special mastics.
Unevenness of the wall surface is allowed within 1 - 2 cm, but no more.
After cleaning and processing the joints, the walls are left to dry. Next, they are coated with a universal primer using a roller or sprayer.
Installation of insulation
Attaching thermal insulation material to walls is possible in three options:
- on glue,
- for fasteners (dowels, plastic nails),
- combining glue with fasteners.
The video shows in detail the method of attaching foam plastic using dowels for thermal insulation.
For example, polystyrene foam is fixed using a combined method from the first floor to the upper ones. The bottom is installed starting bar, from which they begin to glue the insulation. In this case, the glue is carefully applied to the walls with a spatula, filling the existing unevenness. Then the foam sheets are pressed tightly onto the treated surface. The evenness of the rows of insulation is checked with a level. It is possible to correct minor errors before the adhesive base sets. Now you need to wait 2 - 3 days for the glue to dry completely and for the insulation to adhere well to the walls. Next, the foam plastic is additionally secured with dowels - 4 - 5 pieces per sheet. Holes for fasteners are made with a hammer drill.
The second and subsequent rows of foam sheets are laid in a checkerboard pattern so that the joints of adjacent layers do not coincide. All seams between the insulation and the cracks from the fasteners are filled with special polyurethane foam, intended specifically for the installation of foam plastic, in order to minimize the likelihood of heat leaks. This foam is produced in cylinders and is best applied with a special gun. The excess and remaining foam is cut off after drying.
Pinning the grid
Polystyrene foam is a fairly fragile material, so it is reinforced to give strength and rigidity to the insulation elements. To do this, a special stable mesh is installed on the outside of the foam sheets. It is convenient to cut it into separate parts same size and secure with overlaps in small fragments. A layer of special adhesive solution For facade works, and the mesh is pressed into it. Then another one is applied to level it out. adhesive layer. After installing the mesh over the entire house, wait for the glue to dry before treating the surfaces sandpaper from mortar leaks and unevenness during the fastening process.
The reinforcement provides mechanical stability for the final decorative covering panel house.
Finishing
After insulation external facades, as a rule, draw up decorative plaster. For the best adhesion of materials, the general layer of thermal insulation is primed again.
In addition, for residential apartment buildings often use the technology of suspended ventilated facades. The thermal insulation layer has already been completed - all that remains is to install the outer cladding with a ventilation gap.
Today it is offered wide choose materials for exterior finishing in a curtain façade system:
- metal products (corrugated sheeting, siding, facade cassettes),
- aluminum composite panels,
- slabs made of porcelain stoneware, natural or artificial stone.
Each of them can be selected according to its external structure, color scheme and other characteristics.
Ventilated façade technology not only protects the walls of a building, but also makes it possible to implement a variety of design ideas and solutions.
To attach a ventilated facade, an additional frame will be required.
The process of insulating panel houses can be carried out during their reconstruction or major renovation. If your choice falls on the “wet” facade technology, it is advisable to plan work in the summer or at temperatures above 5°C. When using ventilated facades, installation can be done all year round.