Thicknesser machine. What is a thicknesser and what is it for?

The thickness planer is a widespread type of planer that has found practical application in the woodworking industry. Using this machine, beams and boards are planed, but after mandatory processing with a jointer. The processing thickness of the material is adjustable.

What is a thicknesser

Thickness gauge or surface gauge is a tool for drawing marking lines on a workpiece parallel to the selected baseline, or for transferring dimensions from drawings to the workpiece.

Usually it is a stand with a clamp in which the scriber is fixed.

Thicknessers can be made of hardwood and are a block with rectangular hole, in which one or two slats are secured using a wedge or screw. At one end of the slats there are pointed metal pins. A thicknesser with two slats is used, for example, for marking tenons and sockets for them in carpentry.

To simultaneously draw a larger number of lines or in cases where there is no need to change dimensions, a bracket can be used instead of a thicknesser. The bracket is wooden block with a ledge into which is hammered required amount nails

Planing thicknessing machines are:

One-sided;

Two-sided.

The first type of machines is distinguished by the fact that their knife shaft processes the material on one side. Machines of the second type process the workpiece in parallel from the top and bottom sides.

The engine power of such machines can range from 1 to 44 kW. The processing width reaches 135 cm, and the thickness varies from 0.5 to 16 cm. The machine shafts have diameters from 10 to 16.5 cm. Each shaft can have from 2 to 4 knives.

The range of such machines on the market is quite wide. It is represented by both foreign and domestic models, which are similar in basic characteristics. However, the functionality of foreign models, their strength and reliability are usually higher in comparison with machine tools domestic production. But the price of our machines is lower than their foreign analogues. The cheapest thicknessing machines are Chinese-made models.

We focus on the fact that in 80% of cases the reviews regarding machines manufactured in Europe are positive, in our country - in 50% and in China - only in 30% of cases.

This is interesting: read our other articles - ““, “” and ““.

Below we give short review some models of planer thicknessing machines:

1. Thicknesser JET JPM-13 CSX.

The maximum processing width is 33 cm, the height of the pass is 25 cm, and the removal of chips per pass is 0.4 cm. The equipment has three knives. The planing shaft rotates at a speed of 4800 rpm. In one minute the machine produces 14.4 thousand cuts. The feed rate is 6 m per minute. The knife shaft has a diameter of 6.8 cm. The values ​​of output power M are 1.1 kW/S1 100%, input power M is 2 kW/S6 40%, output power T is 1.5 kW/S1 100% and input power T – 2.8 kW/S6 40%. Unit weight – 90 kg.

Instructions Thicknessing machine JET JPM-13 CSX

2. Thicknessing machine Corvette-220.

Such a unit is powered from a network with a voltage of 220 V. The power size is 1.5 kW. The spindle rotates at a speed of 5000 rpm. Maximum material processing values: thickness - 20.3 cm, width - 38.1, depth - 0.4 cm. The shaft is equipped with three knives, it has a diameter of 7.5 cm. Automatic feeding is carried out at speeds 4.8 and 7, 6 m/min. The weight of this model, depending on the configuration, can be 220 or 245 kg. As for the size of the package, it is 83 x 62 x 113 cm.

The models of thicknessing machines discussed above have proven themselves in practice. In any case, they are reliable, durable, and highly productive, which is the reason for their widespread use. It is noteworthy that they are of interest to enterprising people, since through them they can establish a good business.

The approximate price of these machines with delivery is 55,000-60,000 rubles.

How to make a household thickness planer with your own hands

This video will tell you how to make a thickness planer yourself in a simple way at home.

See another great tutorial for home handyman - « «.

1. Usage
2. Design Features
3. Details, mechanisms
4. The working process

Thicknessers are used for processing wood. With their help, boards are planed, the thickness of parts is leveled, and a smooth surface of products is formed. When using modern carpentry equipment The process of sanding wood is accelerated, resulting in increased productivity.

Usage

Thicknesser is necessary for plane planing of various thicknesses wooden elements. Before going to the planer, the board often goes through a jointer.

The portable unit is lightweight, compact, and mobile.. Some models have more simple system Changing cutters allows you to increase the cutting depth. Mini-thicknessers are more often used in home workshops, where large volumes of work are not required and there is no opportunity to place large-sized equipment.

Design Features

The operating principle of a thickness planer depends on its design features. Devices are:

• One-sided. They process the board only on one side.
• Double-sided. The workpiece is planed from two opposite sides. The bottom and top of the board are processed.
• Special. They may contain three or more cutting elements.

Most often a single-sided machine is used, less often a double-sided one.

All surface planers are equipped with a horizontal table - a carefully polished solid plate on which the cutting depth is determined. Unlike jointing samples, the household unit is not equipped with a guide ruler. Each device has a cutter, including several knives (the number depends on the type of equipment), and an automatic wood feeding system by moving along two roller guides.

Details, mechanisms

The parts and mechanisms of the thicknessing machine are mounted on a hollow cast-iron frame, which makes the structure stable. Metal corners measuring 100 x 100 mm with a length of at least 1 m can be used as a support table. The support table is installed by hanging it on the technological elements of the machine. After this, the structure is secured with clamps and bolts. The table is moved along the guide rails by a special lift.

The knife shaft is installed strictly above the table. Feeding mechanism - two paired rollers. One pair is placed in front of the shaft, the second - behind it. The upper moving elements are located above the lower ones, are driven, and are started from the engine. Their second name is feeders: from them the material is fed to the free lower rollers, which are driven by this. The double-sided unit is equipped with knife shafts located in and above the table.

The lower rollers are designed to facilitate the process of feeding the workpiece to the cutters. Mounted so that the knives protrude 0.25 mm above the surface of the plate. This adjustment guarantees smooth planing of the board, without deflections or vibrations. The surface of the front upper roller, installed a few millimeters below the workpiece, has a grooved structure. This helps improve grip.

The rear upper moving element has a smooth surface, which allows it not to deform the freshly planed board. Alignment is carried out 1 mm lower cutting edges cutters The feed rollers are placed in parallel - the thickness planer can only accept workpieces of the same thickness at a time. If you feed a board a few millimeters thinner to the equipment, when it comes into contact with the knife shaft, an end impact will occur and the workpiece will be thrown in the opposite direction.

The working process

Simultaneous processing of lumber of different thicknesses requires the addition of equipment with a grooved sectional roller, which allows using the entire width of the table. This technique increases the efficiency of the process. The sectional piece includes 12 rings with a grooved surface. They are secured to a common axis by springs. Lumber with greater thickness under the action of springs retains adhesion to the machine, otherwise high-quality and safe processing of lumber of different sizes will not be possible. Reverse ejection of the workpiece is prevented by suspensions.

To protect the cutter, a massive cap is installed above it, protecting sharp knife, simultaneously directing the chips into the exhauster. To make furniture and decorative interior items, you need a grinding device, and a surface thicknesser is useful. Only it needs to be equipped with a drum with a smooth surface and sanding paper with which it is covered.

The quality of work performed on a surface planer depends on the speed of rotation of the shaft knives. The higher this indicator, the cleaner the processed lumber will be. For domestic use, a sufficient speed is 6000–10000 rpm. The weight of such machines is usually 27–30 kg.

The required size is given to the workpiece using a scale attached to the frame. In this case, a certain distance is maintained between the table and the knife shaft. Special clamping elements are mounted on both sides of the knife shaft. This allows you to get rid of wood vibration. The shavings are crushed by a device that simultaneously presses the workpiece against the plate.

Video showing work on the machine.

How to choose the right thicknesser

When choosing a surface planer, you need to take into account the nature of the work being performed and the intensity of the functional loads placed on the equipment. Devices are different technical characteristics, build quality. The cost of products may depend on the brand and configuration.

The table shows the characteristics of some models.

		Interskol RS -318/1500
power, kWt
Planing width, mm
Planing depth, mm
Drum rotation speed, rpm
Dimensions, mm
Average price, rub

Woodworking machines include a group of longitudinal milling machines, which, in turn, include surface planers and jointers. Do you need to buy a thickness planer? The main activity of the DUKON company is the sale of industrial equipment and tools from leading manufacturers. Thicknessing machines are also offered for sale. By following the link to the website derevo.dukon.ru you can find out more detailed information about the company's activities and purchase necessary equipment. Thanks to them, it is possible to process lumber. If any defects arise during wood processing, the machines will remove them. For them it is necessary to take well-dried wood. In this article we will talk about why a thickness planer is needed. This type of machine should be used for bars, panels and boards. A thicknesser machine allows you to produce materials of a certain size, taking into account the required thickness of the product and cutting it into 2 strips that are parallel to each other. They have a certain similarity with CNC milling machines, because... The knife shaft is located above the table. This category tools is intended for small-scale and serial production of joinery products. Their main distinguishing feature is their rigid and large bed. The tools deliver workpieces at speeds of up to 10 meters/minute. One more the positive side Thicknessing machines are equipped with casings with a sound absorption function. Thicknessing machines are divided into single-sided and double-sided. It is worth noting that there is a combined type of machines - planer-thicknesser, which combines all the positive parameters of both types of tools.

Delivery of workpieces to both types of machines in automatic mode is carried out using roller, carriage or conveyor mechanisms.

Popular materials

in.msk.ru

Why do you need a surface planer and how to choose it correctly?

Congratulations, you get a 10% discount within an hour

Tags: tools

Thicknesser is a woodworking machine designed for thicknessing, i.e. planar planing of all kinds of workpieces to a given thickness. In this case, the parts must be pre-finished. Unlike a jointer, which makes the surface of the wood even, a surface planer makes the thickness even and provides finishing with minimal loss of material.

Types of thicknessing machines

1. Single-sided - with one blade shaft, which is located above the work table. Designed for thicknessing on one side. Is budget option with manual supply of wood;
2. Double-sided - with automatic part feeding and two shafts located on the table itself and above it. Used for thicknessing two planes of the workpiece. They are used for large volumes of work, for example, during the construction of a house.

Important Features

• The size of the workpiece being processed is the most important parameter choice;
• Electric motor power – the more powerful, the easier it is to cope with hard wood;
• Productivity – maximum planing depth, can vary between 1-5 mm;
• Possibility of adjusting the thickness of the removed layer of wood;
• The quantity and quality of knives affect the quality of processing;
• The weight of the tool - the larger it is, the less vibration, therefore, the better the processing.

Since this equipment is in most cases required to perform short-term and one-time work, its purchase is not economically profitable. For such situations, the best solution would be to rent a surface planer. Contact our company - we offer big choice construction tools for rental at very attractive prices.

vseispravim.ru

Secrets of choosing planing (planing) and thicknessing machines

Useful tips will help you find planing (planing) and thicknessing machines with the required operating parameters.

Why do you need a thickness planer?

A thickness planer is used for planing all kinds of boards, slats, flat workpieces, panels, bars, etc. It is this equipment that allows you to achieve a smooth surface and exact dimensions details, not a single woodworking industry can do without this technology. And skilled craftsmen without specialized education resort to the services of a thickness planer, because it is an excellent alternative to a conventional plane. In addition, using thicknessing machines for wood, you not only remove chips from the workpiece, but also adjust required thickness cut.

Structurally, the unit is simple, unless we are talking about CNC mechanisms. Standard device consists of a motor, several knife shafts and, in fact, a work table. According to the number of cutting elements, all machines are divided into one-, two- and four-sided. In addition, thicknessing machines for wood differ in the power and width of the knife itself, which directly affects maximum size parts acceptable for this unit.

Many companies now also produce specialized thicknessing equipment and combined planer-thicknesser devices. The purpose of the latter is to pre-process the workpiece before removing chips - as a rule, such an operation is not provided for in a conventional thickness planer. However, any part requires high-quality surface finishing, and jointing-thicknessing mechanisms are capable of solving both tasks at the same time.

As for choosing suitable devices for carpentry workshops, here, first of all, you should focus on the degree of complexity of production and the volume of work. It is these factors that determine which thickness planer to buy: professional or household. For some, the best option would be a household model with a high level of security and slightly lower performance. Such devices have a claw protection function for the feed rollers and a box-shaped frame that reliably protects the operator from dangerous parts of the equipment. With similar thicknessing machines or jointing thicknessing machines, installation can be done without any problems required speed.

Professional planing (jointing) and thicknessing machines are often purchased for one-sided processing of parts in thickness. They are highly vibration resistant and have four vertical columns, due to which the accuracy of the height of the frame and its stability are ensured. The motor of such industrial units is designed for continuous long-term operation. The productivity of a planer thicknesser directly depends on the feed speed and the maximum possible number of workpieces simultaneously available for planing. In this regard, mechanical feed significantly benefits. Among other things, pay attention to the presence of a guide ruler - it will significantly speed up the process. And remember - you shouldn’t skimp on the quality of equipment, because only with good machine work will turn into pleasure and bring you profit.

What is the difference between a planing machine?

One of the most popular mechanisms for processing wood after cutting is a planing machine. It can also be used for milling and chipless cutting: cutting out stamps, crushing and cutting, cutting veneer. Although models with similar functions are intended more for small-scale and individual production. As for classification, all planing equipment is divided into longitudinal planing and cross-planing machines.

When working with large-sized workpieces, they usually use planer on wood of the first type. It can be one-sided or two-sided, and the latter allows you to process the layer, edges and parallel planes at once. In addition, such planing (jointing) and thicknessing machines differ in the maximum possible length and width of planing, as well as the lifting height of the crossbar, and the movement, in in this case, communicates primarily to the part located on the machine table. A cross-planing machine is more suitable for processing small and medium-sized workpieces. Its maximum slide stroke ranges from 20 to 100 cm.

Depending on which knives are installed on the shaft, the equipment is used to prepare parts made of wood of different densities - the cutting element either remains stationary or moves back and forth. In addition, processing can be done by thickness, plane, or

www.odinshag.ru

DIY thicknesser machine | Construction portal

Often craftsmen who love to work with wood, or owners country houses, are faced with the need to plan a lot of boards to give them visual appeal. It is necessary to equalize the thickness of the material, determine the dimensions of the boards and panels, obtain a smooth surface of the blanks from which furniture will subsequently be made, or used to finish the floor or room. The solution to the problem may be to buy a thickness planer or make a thickness planer with your own hands, because the device has automatic feeding of workpieces and knife shafts made of high speed steel significantly speeds up and facilitates the process of planing wood.

Purpose of a thickness planer

Thicknessing machines are intended for plane planing of workpieces - panels, bars and boards of thickness to a given size, and therefore are the main ones in woodworking enterprises. In addition, almost every carpenter has surface thicknessers. The main purpose of thicknessing machines is to uniformly service boards and other wooden products over the entire area and obtain blanks that have equal thickness over the entire width and length.

Thicknessers, when used in construction, are capable of processing in one pass in large quantities wide boards. Unlike industrial devices, household surface thicknessers are small in size and much lighter, which makes them easier to transport. In addition, modern models have a lightweight system for changing working knives and increased control of cutting depth in order to accurately adjust the thickness of the chips being removed.

As a rule, before this procedure wooden surfaces subjected to pre-processing on a jointing machine. For non-standard types of materials (polymers, soft plastics, foam-based insulation), thicknessing machines with rubber-coated metal feed rollers are intended, which are not capable of damaging the surfaces of the workpieces.

Sectional feed rollers, which are equipped with woodworking equipment, allow you to simultaneously feed workpieces of different thicknesses at the entrance to the machine. Thicknesser machine is one of the important installations in carpentry and construction, as well as in the furniture industry, allowing the production of precise strips for wood furniture or slats for kitchen trim.

You cannot plane very thin workpieces on a homemade thicknessing machine, because vibrations occur, which affect the quality of the processed surface. The shortest length of the workpiece to be processed should be 100 millimeters greater than the distance from the front to the rear feed roller. If there is a need to mill shorter material, it must be securely fixed to the base. With the help of appropriate devices on thicknessing machines, it will be possible to process even wedge-shaped workpieces and level non-parallel planes.

The cutting depth shows the cut of the thicknesser in one pass: this indicator ranges from 1 to 3 millimeters, depending on the width of the material. The width of the workpiece characterizes the processing capabilities of products that have a certain size: optimal solution– 30 - 330 millimeters. The performance of the machine is affected by the power of the machine. A 1.9 kW thickness planer is suitable for private workshops. Devices with a power higher than 1.8 kW are useful for planing hard wood - spruce, beech, pear, elm, ash.

Design of thickness planer

A thicknesser is a special device that belongs to the category of woodworking machines that successfully cope with planar, volumetric and profile milling of straight and curved workpieces made of solid wood.

By design they are distinguished:

1. Single-sided thicknessing machines, on which planing is carried out only on the top side;
2. Double-sided thicknessing machines, where two opposite sides are planed simultaneously - the bottom and the top;
3. Special thicknessers - three-, four- and multi-knife.

The most widespread are single-sided thicknessing machines, which are simpler in design and, accordingly, in operation. We will consider their device today.

The table of a thicknessing machine, unlike a jointing machine, is made of one solid slab that is precisely planed and sanded, and it does not have a guide ruler in its design. Except horizontal table, on which the thickness of the layer being removed is adjusted, the thicknesser consists of such basic elements as a special cutter, which is represented by several separate knives and an automatic feed system wooden blank along roller guides.

The bed for a thickness planer is cast iron, hollow, solid, and all the parts and mechanisms of the machine are attached to it. The support table can serve metal corner measuring 100 by 100 millimeters and a length of at least 1000 millimeters. This length is explained by safety measures. The support table is hung on the technological corners of the machine, secured with bolts on one side and clamps on the other. The height of the table can be moved along the guide slides using a lifting mechanism.

A knife shaft is placed above the table. The workpiece feeding mechanism is represented by two pairs of rollers. The first of them is located in front of the knife shaft, the other - behind the shaft. The lower rollers are installed exactly under the upper ones. The upper rollers rotate from an electric motor through a gear drive, which is why they are called drive, feed or feed. The lower rollers are installed freely and are driven into rotation by the supplied material. These rollers are supporting or guiding. In double-sided thicknessing machines, the knife shafts are located in the table and above the work table.

The purpose of the lower rollers is to facilitate the feeding of material to the knives; they protrude above the surface of the work table by 0.2-0.3 millimeters. With a higher position of the lower rollers, the material being planed vibrates from the impacts of the knives, thin material will sag, and planing will turn out to be uneven. It is customary to make the front upper roller grooved for better adhesion to the unplaned surface of the workpiece. Such a roller is installed 2-3 millimeters below the surface of the material that is fed to the knives.

The upper back roller must be made smooth, because corrugation can spoil the planed surface of the wood. Place it 1 millimeter below the cutting edges of the knives. The feed mechanism rollers are arranged in parallel, so only parts of the same thickness can be fed into the thicknessing machine at the same time. Products that are thinner, even 2-3 millimeters, when they reach the knife shaft, will receive a strong blow to the end with a knife and fly back.

For simultaneous planing of lumber that has different thicknesses, a sectional grooved roller is introduced into the planer of the planer, which makes it possible to use the entire width of the machine and dramatically increase its productivity. The sectional roller consists of 12 grooved rings, which are mounted on common axis and connected to it by springs. When a product whose thickness is greater than the thickness of others that are simultaneously processed passes under the roller, the sections that press on it are shifted upward and maintain adhesion to the material under the action of springs.

In front of such a corrugated roller there are hangers, the purpose of which is to prevent the part from flying back out of the machine. On top, the knife shaft is covered with a massive lifting cap, which serves as a reliable fence and is a high-quality device that directs the chips into the exhauster funnel. In addition, the cap provides support for the fibers during planing; for this purpose, its lower edge is brought close to the knives.

You can increase the interchangeable knives from two to four. As a tool, in addition to a cutter, you can use a smooth drum covered with sanding paper. The drum can be turned from heat-resistant plastic, aluminum or hardwood. Suitable sizes: diameter 80 millimeters, length 100 millimeters. At one of the ends a groove is made for a nut and washer. There is a cut on the side surface for attaching the skin. longitudinal groove, which has a trapezoidal shape, under a clamping bar of a similar shape. Drill three holes in the strip for screws with countersunk heads.

Feeding is carried out by upper rollers - rear smooth and front grooved. Two smooth rollers that rotate freely in bearings are able to reduce friction when moving material along the table. The typical maximum width of the processed product is 315 - 1250 millimeters, thickness - 5 - 160 millimeters, knife shaft diameter 100 - 165 millimeters, there are 2 - 4 knives on the shaft. The power of the electric motor reaches 1 - 44 kW.

The faster the shaft knives rotate, the cleaner and smoother the surface of the workpieces will be after planing. You can choose for use devices with a rotation speed of 6 - 10 thousand revolutions per minute. The weight, design of the thicknessing machine, as well as the compactness of the thicknesser directly characterize the ability to move the equipment. Compact machines that weigh 27 - 39 kilograms are the most good choice.

At a certain distance of the working table from the knife shaft, the workpiece is planed to the size shown on the scale mounted on the machine bed. Clamps are installed on both sides of the knife shaft; they are able to prevent vibration of the workpieces. The chip breaker, which is located in front of the knife shaft, helps break the chips and presses the workpiece against the table, forming a cavity for accumulating chips along with a clamp.

Operating principle of a thickness planer

The principle of operation of the surface planer is based on the following method: flat planing boards. The main working tool of a thickness planer is the knife shaft. Workpieces for processing are fed onto a horizontal work table manually or by rollers, which press them against the table and pull them into the processing area. The material is planed from above with knives, and the result is parts that are absolutely identical in size. Many thicknessing machines have an automatic system for feeding workpieces at a certain speed in order to accurately and accurately remove the required layer.

You can purchase a single-sided or double-sided surface planer. The first thicknessing machines have one knife shaft; double-sided machines also have an additional knife shaft on the work table. Before processing parts with a surface planer, they must already be planed in a jointer. In design, in principle, the two machines are very similar to each other. Often, a double-sided thicknesser and a jointer are combined into one mechanism. Such equipment has two tables - for a jointer on top and for a thicknesser at the bottom.

Usually, on a thickness planer, workpieces are planed with a length slightly greater than the distance that was formed between the feed rollers, as in the video about the thickness planer. In the case of using backing templates (tsulagi), you can plan workpieces (boards, bars, boards) with non-parallel opposite edges on a thicknessing machine. The surface of this template must be tilted in such a way that during the horizontal planing procedure of products, the desired taper can be obtained.

In some models of thicknessing machines, manufacturers have increased the length of the table for convenience. Therefore, the timber or have a significant support area, and the products are processed more accurately. To ensure that the workpiece slides optimally on the table, special grooves are made in them to reduce the friction force. Similar models were previously used mainly in production, but today these principles are widely introduced into household surface thicknessers.

One of the main advantages of a thickness planer is high quality treated surfaces. The thickness of the resulting parts is set using a lifting mechanism when the table moves upward in relation to the knife shaft. But it is worth considering that with a high cutting speed of workpieces and a large cutting depth, the quality of the machined surface deteriorates. Therefore, in order to achieve a smooth surface, it is necessary to make finishing passes at a shallow depth and at a low speed of rotation of the knife shaft, if the machine provides adjustment.

The thickness planer is one of the most highly productive woodworking machines. It is worth adjusting the dimensions of the workpiece being processed once using a ruler and a lift, and the entire batch of products will be the same, within the permissible limit. On thicknessing machines you can process parts with a width of up to 1250 millimeters and a thickness of 5 - 160 millimeters, except for special machines designed for certain works.

Manufacturing of thickness planer

All owners who are faced with the manufacture of construction carpentry, lining and furniture from wood have come to the conclusion that it is necessary to have at least the most primitive thickness planer in their use. Without such an installation, it is extremely difficult to obtain calibrated workpieces according to the thickness of the workpiece, in addition, the procedure will take a lot of time. Not everyone can afford to buy industrial equipment; the prices of thicknessing machines are steep, so craftsmen decide to make the installation themselves.

Before you start making a thickness planer, it is worth studying the process of using and storing a thickness planer. Miniature machines do not require much space. The structure should be positioned in such a way that it can be walked around for convenient supply of material. You can install similar equipment in front of a garage or house: the main thing is that the surface under the machine is level to avoid vibrations. The dimensions of a surface planer are often no more than a meter in width and thickness, so the equipment can easily fit in a barn or garage.

For homemade offered next construction. The frame and work table of the machine are welded, made from a 50 by 50 millimeter angle and square pipe 40 by 40 millimeters, larger sizes can also be used. Remember that excessive massiveness only increases the stability of the thickness planer and reduces vibrations that occur during operation. To manufacture a machine you need: a lathe and drilling machines, Bulgarian, welding machine and a drill.

Next mandatory element the structure has a knife shaft protruding from it. It is advisable to purchase it ready-made with axle boxes, because homemade shafts are absolutely not always well balanced. In the version we presented, a three-hundred-millimeter shaft with three knives was used. The engine and shaft pulleys should be stepped to select the optimal shaft speed, within the range of 4000-7000 rpm.

Suitable for this size shaft asynchronous motor, which has a power of 4-5 kW, there is no need to use larger pulleys, in addition, an engine of similar power can be started from one phase using known methods. It is recommended to grind the pressure rollers or use ready-made ones from the squeeze of old Soviet ones. washing machines. The roller frame is welded, it is secured on one side with spring-loaded bolts, and on the other, a piece of steering rod from a Moskvich is used for fastening. Experience shows that it is a good idea to use two such fasteners on one roller.

The table, according to the drawing of the thicknessing table, is installed on adjusting bolts. To avoid the need for adjustment, each bolt is equipped with welded bicycle sprockets that are connected by a chain. Take the springs from the truck engine valves. Unfortunately, this thickness planer provides for manual feeding of workpieces. In the future, if desired, you can use a mechanical one.

Before starting work, it is necessary to check the correct location of the knives, as well as the sharpness of their sharpening. Remember that the knife shaft must be fenced. It is not allowed to process workpieces of length less distance between the rear and front shafts. It is prohibited to clean, repair or adjust the thickness planer while it is moving.

The workpieces must be fed end to end, using the entire width of the table. Remember that the material after processing should not have tears, pins, or marks. Hairiness and mossiness are obtained when processing raw material or planing with dull knives; non-gouging is observed when the workpiece is not tightly pressed against the table by rollers, the thickness of the workpiece is unequal and the blades of the knives unequally protrude from the shaft.

Setting up a thickness planer

Thicknessing machines must be carefully adjusted before work. Any adjustment inaccuracy will cause processing defects or lead to a decrease in machine productivity. Most often, the following omissions are observed in setting up thickness gauges:

1. Distortion on the desktop. The planed surface will not be parallel to the planed side.
2. The grooved roller is located very low and presses too hard on the surface of the parts at a shallow planing depth. Planed surfaces are obtained with transverse dents.
3. The lower feed rollers are placed above the table level higher than necessary, by 0.1-0.2 millimeters. As a result, the workpiece vibrates under the blows of the knives, and thinner parts bend. Planing is not straight and not so smooth, the ends of the products are more drawn out.
4. The rear pressure block presses on the workpiece. For this reason, the product stops as it exits the front feed rollers due to the reduction in feed force. Since the knives will continue to rotate, one place is planed on the surface of the part, and as a result, a groove appears here across the entire planing width. In general, grooves are formed during any stop of the product, even the shortest. Stops often occur while parts are being fed into the rear rollers. This happens when the top rear roller is placed too low and puts too much pressure on the material. Reasons for a short-term delay or stopping of a part can also be insufficient pressure on the product of the feed rollers, an excessively high position of the lower rollers, or severe contamination of the table when processing pine parts with resin.
5. Chips get under the rear smooth roller due to improper installation of the cap or exhauster malfunctions. For these reasons, dents appear on the planed surface, sometimes delaying the part.

Therefore, when setting up a thicknessing machine, it should be remembered that when the table is significantly filled, for example, when planing a wide board or simultaneously feeding products across the entire width of the work table, the pressure of the feed rollers should be increased, because in these cases the cutting resistance greatly increases. When planing narrow parts or when the table is lightly filled, you need to reduce the pressure of the feed rollers to avoid crushing the wood.

The most common ones in the woodworking business include jointing, milling, planing and thicknessing machines, which are intended for planar, volumetric and profile milling of straight and curved blanks made of solid wood and wood materials, for cutting lugs and tenons in bars door frames and window blocks. If you plan to do only plane planing, then you should give preference to a thickness planer. You can purchase this machine at a retail outlet or assemble it yourself using the information provided on our website and our step-by-step instructions.

Among woodworking machines, the category of longitudinal milling machines stands out, which include jointers and thickness planers.

With their help, you can process lumber for finishing. The machines remove all types of defects if they arise during wood processing. For them, you need to take only wood that has been well dried. How do these types of tools differ from each other, and for what purposes is it best to use jointing machines, and for which thicknessing machines?

For boards, panels and bars it is necessary to use thicknessing machines. They allow you to plan materials certain size, focusing on the desired thickness of the product and cutting it into two strips parallel to each other. They are very similar to milling machines with CNC. The knife shaft is located above the table. This group of tools is needed for serial or small-scale creation of various joinery products, when it is necessary to strictly observe the preservation of parameters. Their main distinguishing feature– large and heavy rigid frame. This is necessary for high-quality damping of possible vibration. The tools can feed workpieces at speeds from 4 to 10 meters per minute. Another important advantage of thicknessing machines is sound-absorbing casings, which make the work almost silent. Some types of machines are capable of processing only one side of the workpiece, so it will have to be turned over, others can plan the wood completely. Thicknessing machines can be double-sided or single-sided.

Planing machines for wood processing are necessary to create a smooth surface without a single roughness. They are equipped with a knife shaft, which wraps around the inside of the table. The tool can plan material at corners or along a plane. Machines of this type, like surface planers, can be single-sided or double-sided. The latter are notable for the fact that they allow you to plan the edge and layer of the product at the same time. The functions of jointing machines include pre-processing of materials that have significant warping. Then the workpieces can be planed on a thickness planer. To check how well the parts are processed, you need to fold two pieces of wood. If they fit together like a glove, without a single gap, it means that the planing was done efficiently. A special shaft helps hold small parts during processing.

There is a mixed variety of machines, planer-thicknessers, which combine the advantages of both types of tools.

Automatic feeding of workpieces to both types of machines is carried out thanks to three types of mechanisms: conveyor, carriage or roller. It is also possible to feed blanks manually.

Machines must be maintained regularly. Before you start working on the machine, you need to check the condition of the cutters and knives to ensure they are installed correctly. If they become dull, they need to be sharpened. Otherwise, the product will develop unpleasant mossiness, chips and tears.

A thickness planer helps ensure standardization of board thickness. Without it, it’s hard to imagine building a house, bathhouse or utility rooms. Thanks to this equipment, it is possible to obtain not only a board cut to height, but also to provide it with a smooth outer surface. In the future, such blanks can be used not only for laying the floor, but also as furniture components or in the form of room decoration elements.

Demand for specific woodworking

It is important to take into account that a thickness planer, unlike turning, milling or drilling equipment, is less in demand among a wide range of users. Quite expensive models can also take significant amount places. In this case, it is worth correctly assessing the expected need for this product so that it does not sit idle most of the time in a dusty corner of the garage or workshop.

Thicknessing machine is one of the important installations in carpentry, construction, woodworking and furniture industries

The main task assigned to this woodworking multifunctional device is to give the workpiece with one processed side a given size. In fact, the device relates to a greater extent not to the domestic field of operation, but to serial or small-scale production. As a result, after finishing, the wood will come out in the same size, both curved and straight.

In most cases, operations are carried out automatically with minimal involvement of a specialist. Although thicknessing machines for wood are relevant for factory workshops, they are also found in home workshops.

Important rules must be followed:

• Excessively thin workpieces are not allowed for processing on budget models. Otherwise, vibration occurs, which has an impact Negative influence on the quality of the treated surface.
• Minimum permissible length for the workpiece is a value that is determined by the sum of the distance from the front to rear feed shaft plus 10 cm.
• When cutting short workpieces, they must be securely fixed to work surface.
• To process wedge blanks, you need to use the appropriate device.

The height of the allowance removed per pass ranges from 1-3 mm, and depends on the width of the material. Optimal width processing for living conditions is 30-300 mm. Enough for a home workshop jointer thicknesser at 1.8-1.9 kW.

Great power(from 2 kW and above) will be in demand only for frequent processing of hard wood, which includes beech, pear, ash, elm, etc.

VIDEO: How to use an electric planer correctly

Design features

The vast majority of models are essentially identical designs with different performance. A highly specialized thicknessing machine for wood is not relevant in everyday life, but it can be successfully replaced by a universal specimen with the following equipment:

• electric motor with a power of 1500 W, operating from a 220 V household network;
• a shaft with grooves in which the knives are fixed;
• drum feeding system;
• welded rigid frame;
• table top with extenders;
• block for start and stop;
• adjustment unit with dials and rulers.

What does a plane consist of - mandatory structural elements

It is worth choosing a jointing thicknessing machine based on various parameters, including its external dimensions. In a small workshop, handling massive equipment will be inconvenient and unsafe.

It is preferable to opt for a thicknessing machine with smooth adjustments, which will be more accurate than the stepped type. When purchasing from an online store or hardware store, you should check to see if there is an automatic feeding option. It significantly simplifies the use of this equipment. The processing speed of workpieces also increases. Most models of the latest generations have machines with automatic feed, even at a budget price.

It is worth paying attention to devices with the function of cutting large allowances. This will expand the possibilities of using surface planers.

VIDEO: How to choose a thicknesser and safety precautions for working with equipment

Types of woodworking machine park

Manufacturers strive to improve the performance of their product. The main emphasis is on the simultaneous processing of several surfaces. Based on this, in store windows there are following types executions:

Unilateral. Capable of cutting chips during processing from only one side of the workpiece.

Double sided. This wood thicknesser is designed to cut chips parallel on both sides - top and bottom.

Multilateral. This type is extremely rare and is not used in everyday life due to the complexity of setup, operation and maintenance. The demand for simultaneous planing of workpieces on three and four sides is minimal.

Most often, in a home workshop there is a single-sided thickness planer equipped with one drum with knives. Its advantages include the following qualities:

• ease of setup and maintenance;
• small dimensions with sufficient performance;
• reduced energy consumption compared to machines that process more sides at the same time.

Smart choice

Conventionally, for comparison, we can divide thicknessing machines for wood into several groups based on operational characteristics. Each batch will satisfy the owners' requirements:

1. You can perform a small amount of work for a country house or cottage using budget or universal models. Such a combined multifunctional device, with some reconfigurations, can easily turn from a surface planer into a planer, circular saw, milling equipment. These include Stark CWM-2500 or BELMASH MOGILEV 2.4. However, for industrial use this type not relevant.

1. If during construction it is necessary to process a significant volume of workpieces, then models such as JET JWP-12, Corvette 21.22, Caliber RR-1200 will be worthy of attention. Such models will quickly justify their relatively low price during the construction of their home.

1. Carpentry teams are recommended to use semi-professional equipment with high performance. It is relevant for low-rise construction or for carpentry workshops. Positive reviews Available from Makita 2012 NB, Metabo DH 330, DeWalt DW 733, etc.

1. Furniture factories are interested in professional equipment capable of quickly processing large batches. Analogues in this situation are JET JWP-201 HH.

1. Industrial sawmills or logging plants require narrow-profile machines such as SCM Logic 23, MV 1013A.

Current Selection Options

When choosing a household machine for your own needs, you need to pay attention to its operational parameters. In some situations, it is important to buy a thicknesser with a “margin of safety”, but often this leads to unnecessary financial and energy expenses, which may not be useful in the future.

You need to pay attention to the following values:

• Dimensions. The larger they are, the larger the workpiece can be passed through the working area.
• Depth of cut. The knives can only remove a limited height at a time, but the larger the cut, the more powerful the electric motor is required.
• Motor power. A too weak engine forces you to achieve the required height in several approaches.
• Rotation speed of the working shaft. The faster the rotation, the cleaner and smoother the surface of the workpiece and the faster you can pull the beam.
• Noise level - in some cases this is of fundamental importance. The lowest threshold is shown by equipment manufactured by Makita.

When purchasing, you should take care of purchasing a spare set of knives.

Rating of the best models of thicknessing machines

With all the variety of choices on the domestic market, there are clear leaders in quality, power, compactness and accuracy of assembly. Here are the TOP of the best units according to users.

Stark CWM-2500

The combined machine is designed for processing wood to give it the required shapes and sizes.

Main functions:

• straight planing (jointing) along a plane or edges;
• planing (jointing) at an angle (along the edges);
• planing (jointing) on ​​a plane with a clamping device;
• sawing along and across the fibers entirely or to a certain adjustable depth;
• sawing along the fibers at an angle using a guide axis;
• sawing across the grain at an angle;
• drilling and milling with end mills.

The device package includes:

• 2.5 kW asynchronous motor with built-in overheating protection;
• protective cover;
• connector for turning on the vacuum cleaner and collecting chips/dust from the work surface;
• electronic unit RCD for starting equipment at reduced voltage (up to 160 V inclusive).

Taking into account the fact that this is relatively new equipment, many reviews are mostly positive and problems related specifically to how long it has been in use have not yet been identified. In general, the build quality is a plus, as is the work of the jointer and surface planer. Problems arise when installing and adjusting the saw table. Price - 36,200 rub.

• Operating instructions Stark CWM-2500
  

JET JWP-12

The compact multifunctional surface planer is equipped with a commutator motor, which ensures low weight (30 kg) with fairly high power - 1.8 kW. The convenient design allows it to be transported and installed on tables, in small workshops and open areas. The power is sufficient to work with workpieces up to 32 cm wide and up to 15.3 cm thick. Due to the design of the knife shaft and the increased number of revolutions, the result of the thicknesser will be similar to processing on stationary equipment.

The price of the equipment is 24,500 rubles.

• Operating instructions JET JWP-12
  

Thicknesser for wood Makita 2012 NB

The Makita 2012 NB plane is the most compact of the listed models and weighs only 28.2 kg with a power of 1.65 kW, which allows cutting depths of up to 100 mm. The set includes 2 knives, the blades of which can be changed very quickly. The workpiece feed speed is 14 cm per second. What makes it stand out among its analogues is low level noise, which is especially important for home workshops.

Among the advantages:

• convenient workpiece feeding mechanism, which allows you to achieve perfectly accurate dimensions for the entire batch;
• The readiness of the machine is shown by the indicator;
• a cutting depth adjustment system is provided in the range of 0.3-10 cm;
• connector for turning on the vacuum cleaner and collecting chips/dust from the work surface.

The cost of the plane is 37,000 rubles.

VIDEO: The world's best tabletop thicknesser DeWALT DW735

Return