Homemade water purification. How to make water filters with your own hands? How to make your own cleaning structure for a well

Clean water has always been necessary for humans, but the more technology develops, the worse it affects the quality of the water system. Man began to fight pollution a long time ago, for which a wide variety of filters and devices were invented, but to the common man they may not be affordable. Those who want to have purified water have the opportunity to filter it using homemade filters.

What it is?

A water purification filter is a device that helps remove various impurities, particles that do not dissolve in it, chlorine and pathogenic viruses and microbes.

There are three types of filters you can use at home:

• simple;
• with an average degree of purification;
• with the highest degree of purification.

You can apply filters:

• at home: in an apartment, private house, to purify drinking water and mains;
• in industry;
• in tourism;
• for aquariums.

Wherever the filter is used, it has a certain structure that allows it to effectively cope with water pollution. To make a filter mechanism yourself, you need to know what exactly is required for this and how to assemble it into a single whole.

Peculiarities

Water purification is a necessary measure modern life, because the impact on nature of various factors of human life has significantly affected its quality and purity. The best solution to this problem is filters that can be installed both at home and in an enterprise of any size.

To ensure that drinking water is of appropriate quality, it is best to use special carafes with filtering mechanisms installed in them.

Water purification in the filter is carried out by passing through a certain number of stages, and the more there are, the purer the resulting product will be. At the first stage of purification, mechanical filtration occurs, when large enough elements that clog it are removed from the water. Through next stage there is an impact on the chemical environment of the liquid, and the last level will be a carbon cartridge, passing through which the water becomes completely drinkable.

Most of the filter elements are cartridges, which have their own gradation:

• Mechanical. With its help, sand, mechanical suspensions, and rust are removed. Composition: polypropylene.
• Carbonic. Helps remove substances of organic and inorganic origin, removes unpleasant odors, and affects the color of water. Composition: activated or pressed carbon.
• Softening. Softening water by removing heavy metals. Composition – Na-cationic resin.
• Iron removal. Helps purify water from hydrogen sulfide, improve pH, and eliminate metallic taste and odor. Composition: two fills of calcite.

Due to the variety of cartridges, they can be used for different functions, which, in turn, leads to the need to use different devices for this.

Jug filters are the most common option in cases where drinking water is of poor quality. The way they work is very simple, and the price is not high, so almost everyone can afford this option. The filter media is a carbon cartridge that can only handle 500 liters of water before it needs to be replaced. There are specialized and universal options. Specialized ones have additions that make water softer by removing iron from it and adding fluoride.

Carbon cartridges are also installed in the faucet attachments. Their feature is the low water pressure that must pass through the pipes, otherwise the system will be ineffective.

Free-standing units do the job after they are connected to the water pipes with a flexible hose.

In this case, cartridges are changed at least once every 5 months.

To disinfect water, it is best to use an ultraviolet filter., which can only be used after preliminary mechanical cleaning. In addition to the usual drinking water, there is also rainwater, which can also be used effectively. Due to contamination, it is often unusable, but with the help of filters it can be used in a wide variety of areas and for any task. In this case, you need two filters - one primary, to filter out large debris, and the second, for more thorough filtration and obtaining usable water.

Suitable materials

In order to make a filter yourself, you need to have certain knowledge and apply it correctly in practice. First of all, you should take care of a suitable container for the future filter, which will contain all the components. It should be large enough to accommodate everything comfortably. As a filtering agent for a homemade filter, you can use quartz sand, washed quarry sand or activated carbon, gravel and zeolite.

To create the first layer that will cope with large stains, you need to select a cotton fabric, but its use has its drawbacks: it quickly becomes clogged, rotting processes begin inside, and an unpleasant odor appears. To avoid such problems, it is better to take a synthetic material - lutrasil, which is not so afraid of moisture and does not clog too quickly.

Usage quartz sand will be indispensable at the stage of retention of small particles and filtration of heavy metals. The use of gravel will help filter out large particles of unnecessary elements in the water. With the help of zeolite, you can easily deal with metal and salt suspension, in addition, it helps fight pesticides and other harmful substances used in industry.

The highest quality filter that can pass through tap water, is coal. Homemade devices allow you to retain mineral formations and toxic substances with equal productivity. In addition, thanks to the influence of coal, the water becomes clear and any odors are neutralized. When choosing activated carbon for a filter, it is best to take it in granular form, because the powder version will get into the water, and large particles will filter the water for a long time.

The correct choice of filter content will ensure high-quality work on long term and eliminate the need to buy ready-made equipment.

Methods: what is the best way to filter?

If you don’t have a filter at hand, but you need to somehow purify the water yourself, you can use a number of methods that will show very good results:

• Boiling. With its help you can get rid of harmful microorganisms, although a side effect is an increase in the amount of salts that fall to the bottom of the vessel.
• Advocacy helps get rid of volatile chlorine and other impurities. Such activities must be carried out for at least 8 hours, and after the time has elapsed, pour water carefully and do not raise sediment. It is important to wash the water container well from time to time with soap to remove any remaining harmful substances, and water, even standing water, should not be stored for more than 3 days.

• Silver. You can use a simple spoon made of this material, which should be washed well and placed in a small decanter. After water is poured into it, you only need to wait a day and you can use the purified liquid. The use of silver coins for such purposes is impractical due to impurities and small size.
• Ionizer looks like a chain with a figure at the end, which is lowered into water, where the ion exchange process occurs, and the chain itself is on the glass. So the water should stand for some time, after which it can be drunk.

• Freezing- this is the simplest and affordable way water purification. To carry out the procedure, you need a bottle into which water is filled, but not to the very edge, screwed on with a lid and placed in the freezer. Just wait six hours and remove the bottle from the refrigerator. Once the ice has melted, you can drink the water.
• Shungite- this is a special stone that is placed in a carafe with water and infused. After this, the water is ready for drinking.

• Usage activated carbon in tablets, which are crushed and wrapped in gauze. Need more plastic bottle, in which you need to cut off the spout and put a layer of gauze into it, then wrapped charcoal and again a layer of gauze. The resulting homemade filter is inserted into a bottle into which you can pour water.
• Magnets. It is possible to use several identical magnets, which will ensure a uniform magnetic field in a homemade filter. In addition, it is necessary to have fittings with gaskets, from which the throughput system for water purification is constructed. The magnetic filter helps soften the water and minimize the amount of scale on the dishes.

It’s not difficult to make any of the options; the main thing is to have the right ingredients on hand and use them correctly. Although the methods are varied, they have a similar principle - it is ridding water of unnecessary and harmful components that negatively affect the human body.

You can use such a filter in an apartment, private house, it’s not difficult to find suitable option and for the dacha, so that purified and healthy water is available everywhere nearby.

Device options

In addition to the above-mentioned filter jugs and faucet attachments, there are also separate species devices. They can be installed under the sink or placed on the main pipe, which helps not only purify the water, but also extend the life of all plumbing in the house.

There are also other devices such as:

• Pre-filter. Place of installation - water pipe, purpose - protection household appliances from the garbage and dirt that it carries poor quality water. The design looks like a mesh that needs to be washed from time to time.

• Purifier or cooler. This is a device that is located separately and can purify water, heat or cool it. The quality of this water is very high, even better than bottled water.
• Travel filters, which can be useful on a hike or travel. A special feature is the ability to purify liquid from any container.
• Nanofilter– contain a semi-permeable membrane, the pores of which are practically the same as water molecules, which allows you to effectively purify water.

In addition, there are filter options such as:

• Mechanical - they help remove suspended particles in water using meshes and fibrous and porous polymer materials.
• Ion exchange, containing synthetic resins, the principle of which is to soften water by ionizing heavy metals with fluorides.

• Physico-chemical, which help remove impurities that dissolve well through sorption. When interacting with clay, ash, peat and slag, water is purified from unnecessary chemical elements. Activated carbon does the job best.
• Electric or ultraviolet, which allow you to purify water using ozone. Viruses and microbes are destroyed using an eco-field.
• Reverse osmosis works by flowing water under pressure through a membrane with small pores, in which all harmful elements settle.

Manufacturing

A homemade filter can be made from different components, but the one that contains activated carbon is considered the most effective, which is why it is worth considering the principle of its manufacture in more detail. The first stage is to find a suitable housing for the product, which can be a plastic bottle.

The order of work is as follows:

• cut out the bottom of the bottle;
• make holes in the lid;
• put gauze or cloth into the bottle, which needs to be folded in several layers;
• activated carbon should be poured onto the bottom layer, approximately 7 cm for five liter bottle; the bottom layer should have a powdery consistency, and the top layer should have a granular consistency;
• sand up to eight centimeters high is poured onto the coal;
• Small pebbles are poured onto the sand.

This way you can make a fully working filter that is suitable for a summer house or any other use case. It is important to know that the cleaning process will take quite a long time, so the filter device is suspended near the water source.

Before regular use, it is worth flushing the system by pouring the first batch of water into it, which will wash out all microorganisms and filter the materials to the desired state.

You can make a filter device using scrap materials and a purchased element, for which you need:

• find a 1.5- or 2-liter plastic bottle and cut it into two parts at the place where the product changes its shape;
• a purchased filter is inserted bottom side into the upper part of the bottle, along the edge of the plastic object inside, the tip of the spout with a cap is cut off;
• the filter is threaded through the top of the bottle cut off on both sides;
• the finished structure must be lowered into the base of the jar, which will be the finished filter.

Eco-friendly estate: According to ecologists, air and soil pollution is already the norm, and caustic chemical compounds easily penetrate into groundwater. That is why the question is becoming increasingly relevant: how to make a practical water filter with your own hands quickly and at no extra cost.

According to environmentalists, air and soil pollution is already the norm, and caustic chemical compounds easily penetrate into groundwater. That is why the question is becoming increasingly relevant: how to make a practical water filter with your own hands quickly and at no extra cost.

Why do you need a water purification device?

Jug-shaped filters are already included in the list of basic devices kitchen interior. They will do a great job if you need to filter a couple of liters of liquid. But when it comes to large volumes, pocket and household devices are useless and we have to look for a commensurate alternative.

A suspension of sand, fine clay particles, organic matter, waste products of all types of animals and microorganisms makes water from open reservoirs categorically unsuitable for drinking. The situation is the same with wells.

The agricultural industry annually becomes on par with the heavy and chemical industries in terms of pest levels, due to the amount of nitrates used. Thus, the use of nitric acid to fertilize the soil saturates groundwater with harmful salts.

Be that as it may, even the most modern equipment periodically needs to replace cleaning cassettes, let alone homemade ones. After a certain time, it is imperative to replace the makeshift system with a specialized one.

This is important to do because the water may contain pathogenic bacteria and other undesirable microflora, which are absolutely impossible to filter, and only the sanitary and epidemiological station can cope with bacteriological contamination of a river or well.

How to choose filter media

When choosing a container for a filter, you need to carefully calculate everything, because the cleaning properties primarily depend on the correctly formed “filling”. The volume of the filter container must be such that it can easily accommodate all components.

Natural materials are widely used as absorbents, such as quartz river or washed quarry sand, gravel, activated carbon and zeolite. As you know, any filter begins with a primary coarse layer. Often this role is assigned fabric materials cotton based.

Natural materials are very impractical from a hygiene point of view. Firstly, in a humid environment, such a filter layer is subject to rotting processes, which causes an unpleasant odor. Secondly, the structure of the fabric implies very rapid contamination of the filter with unwanted particles, which increases the need to change the layer.

Much better performance is observed in synthetic analogues. More preferable in this regard is lutrasil. The material has moisture-resistant qualities and is more resistant to contamination than cotton or bandage.

At all budget option A fabric filter can be considered a synthetic layer that is used in making coffee.

Quartz sand does an excellent job of retaining small particles, as well as filtering heavy chemical compounds. While gravel, on the contrary, will better screen out large inclusions of unwanted materials.

A mineral called zeolite has an incomparable cleansing effect.

The active action of the substance will cope with water pollution with metal and salt suspension, and also neutralizes pesticides and other processed products of the agricultural industry.

Travel-type small-sized carbon filter

Perhaps the best quality filtration results are shown by homemade options based on activated carbon. The absorbent will equally successfully cope with the retention of both mineral formations and toxic substances.

The properties of the material include the ability to impart transparency to liquids, as well as eliminate unpleasant odors and waste products of microorganisms.

When choosing coal, you need to pay attention to the structure of the mineral. Too small and powdery will penetrate into the water, while coarse, on the contrary, will not provide the proper level of purification. (Granular starting material should be preferred).

Activated carbon is the most popular material in homemade filter devices. It is advisable to fill it in layers so that there is powdery material below, granules on top, and the fractional composition increases in height

An important factor is the degree of so-called “roasting” of the coal. If you overdo this procedure, the absorbent will quickly lose all its valuable qualities.
Coal can be bought at any supermarket, or made at home. The best absorbent qualities are observed in deciduous wood, in particular birch.

To obtain coal, you need to load wood into any metal container and heat it over the fire (preferably put it in the oven). After the wood gets red hot, remove the container and let it cool - that’s it. charcoal ready for use in the filtration system.

A completely camp option would be a homemade carbon-based filter for water from the ashes of a burnt-out fire. If necessary, it is better to use whole pieces approximately 4 cm in length.

As a rule, anything can serve as a housing for such an improvised system, but mainly a plastic container or bottle is used for convenience.

Making a carbon filter for water

Before assembly, you need to select more best option housings. For this you will need:

• Several plastic containers (bottles or PVC pipe, in some cases you can use food containers. Due to their strength, they will serve well as the base of the cartridge).
• Tools for processing plastic (various sharp objects: awl, scissors, stationery knife, screwdriver).
• Absorbent material (in in this case Activated carbon).
• Additional filter granules (quartz sand, gravel).
• Material for the primary fabric filter (medical bandage, gauze or coffee filter).
• Plastic covers or plugs.

To ensure the tightness of the structure, polymer substances should be used at the junctions of the modules (if the filter is multi-level and consists of several parts). Moisture-resistant silicone glue or insulating tape work well.

Device assembly process

To install the hanging structure, you need to first cut off the bottom of the plastic bottle using a stationery knife. Then make two holes opposite each other to attach the hinges. Now the improvised body can be hung, for example, on a tree branch.

Next, you need to make an outlet valve from where the filtered liquid will flow. At this stage, the design feature depends on individual preferences. You can organize something according to the principle of a shower - make many small holes in the lid, or you can drill one large one.

The next step will be the actual installation of the components. After screwing on the perforated lid, the body is turned over or hung by the hinges. Then, the first step is to place a bandage or gauze folded several times. The use of a coffee filter is also encouraged.

In some cases, you can find designs where the role of the primary filter material is played by a fabric cover, sewn specifically to the size of the housing. This greatly simplifies the task of changing the absorbent and saves time.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that the installation of absorbent components should be done in a “pyramid” type. This means that the first step is always a fine-grained absorbent (coal), then comes a layer of quartz sand, and then comes the turn of river pebbles or gravel.

It is better to cover the filler hole with some kind of cloth or lid to prevent unwanted objects from getting inside the cartridge.

The principle of operation of such a filter is the passive flow of water through all layers. Under the action of the granules, the contaminated liquid is cleaned and flows out of the perforated hole. Initially, you need to pass several liters of water through the filter. The first filtering procedure will wash the layers and remove contaminants.

The disadvantages of the system include the rather slow cleaning speed and the need to constantly add new liquid after completing the filtration procedure.

The disadvantages of homemade water filters with natural fillers include low speed, the need to frequently change filter layers, and not very high cleaning quality

Homemade carbon filter from PVC pipe

To build the structure you will need a piece of plastic water pipe and 2 containers. You can connect two bottles, where the upper segment will act as a coarse filter.

Inside, as expected, a primary layer of gauze or cotton wool is first placed, while some kind of mesh backing, for example, made of plastic, is constructed so that the layers do not mix. A plastic cap that can be glued into a PVC pipe is well suited for this, then drill several small diameter holes around the circumference.

Next begins the stage of filling the initial cartridge synthetic material(you can use padding polyester). After this, close the module again with the lid, only this time you should not resort to using glue, because this part must be removable in order to be able to replace and clean the filter material.

Then the turn of the plastic pipe begins. You need to cut off the neck of the bottle and secure it inside the pipe so that you can use the thread.
It should be secured tightly to avoid leaks (silicone glue works well). External side and it is recommended to wrap the edging of the neck with several layers of electrical tape for greater strength.

As usual, you need to insert a cap into the other end of the tube and make a perforation. A fabric layer should be placed on the inner surface of the improvised cassette.

After all the manipulations, the structure is ready to be filled with granulate (in this case, activated carbon). For better efficiency you can alternate layers of minerals inside the pipe.

Once complete, the primary filter and carbon module are screwed together using threads. Then, plastic bottles are added on both sides. That's it, the cut PVC carbon filter is ready for use.

Water filter for aquarium

As you know, for the normal functioning of aquatic inhabitants, it is necessary to clean the tank in a timely manner and maintain the purity of the water. Owners of small aquariums will come in very handy with instructions on how to build a filter at home.

The body of a homemade filter for purifying hard water can be any plastic tube of a suitable diameter, including, in the absence of one, 2 syringes will work well.

Before assembly, you need to prepare some additional parts: a spray bottle (often used in bottles with detergents), a sponge with a high degree of rigidity, as well as a mechanism by which the structure will be attached to the wall of the aquarium (suction cup).

The first step is to remove the moving part of the syringe; it will not be useful. Then, using hot glue or other sealant, connect the blanks to each other, after cutting off the spouts.

For water flow it is necessary to make perforations. An ordinary soldering iron will do an excellent job with this, and if you don’t have one, you can heat any metal object, for example, a nail, and make holes over the entire area of ​​the syringe.

In some cases, you can put some granules into the filter capsule; the best option would be to use zeolite, because The absorbent does a good job of filtering nitrates.

Then the improvised cartridge should be completely wrapped with a sponge and the outer layer should be secured so that it does not unwind. That's all, the power of such a filter is quite enough to purify water in a small aquarium.

Sand filter for pool

As already mentioned, the process of constructing small-sized variations of filter systems is quite simple, however, if we are talking about a large reservoir, it is necessary to think through all the nuances of the purification system.

Many people have probably encountered the problem of “blooming” water. Most often, this process is observed in the warm season, and if the pool is also equipped with a heating system, such an incident can occur at any time.

It is fair to say that the problem of green water can be completely solved with improvised means, namely, removed mechanically, but sometimes a layer of algae can sink to the very bottom and removing the surface film will not solve the problem.

In addition, not only algae can act as a pollutant, but also fallen leaves, as well as sand and all kinds of microparticles if the pool is located outside.
Faced with problems of this kind, people begin to frantically buy all sorts of detergents and cleaning products in the hope of getting rid of annoying green islands. But the active chemical action of substances can only help with the pollutant that is on the surface and in order to clean the tank to the very bottom, completely different methods are needed.

To completely clean the pool, there are special filter systems. They work on the principle of a “vacuum cleaner”, namely, they pump liters of contaminated liquid through a compressor. The filtration process is a repeated transfer of water from one part of the pool to another.
This mechanism is often used in large municipal or private institutions, where the volume of the pool sometimes reaches thousands of liters, therefore the best solution is an automated filtration system.

But it is not profitable for the average user to invest money in such bulky equipment if, for example, it is necessary to clean only a small seasonal inflatable tank.

Just for such reservoirs there are instructions for constructing a sand filter.

During the assembly process, you will need any container that can serve as a cartridge. The water tunnel from the primary filter can be made from a plastic pipe 2 meters long (if the pool is large).

You also need to take into account that the tunnel design involves a 90-degree rotation, so a PVC corner is needed. The inner diameter of the cartridge and pipe should be about 50 mm.

A threaded bushing with a diameter of M10 can be used as a support pin for cleaning modules. The convenience of this design allows you to connect several filter cassettes into one, which turns a regular filter into a multi-level one. This increases absorption efficiency and ultimately results in cleaner water.
At the first stage, you need to make two holes (it is better to use a hammer drill).

The first is in the filter plug, and the second is in the PVC corner, then connect the two parts using a pin and nut. A water compressor should be attached to the other end of the tube. The power of the equipment should be selected based on the volume of the pool.

In order for the filter to float, it is necessary to make a special foam backing.

The purification process is circular, and occurs by taking water from the lower layers of the pool and pumping it through the filter using a pump.

The advantage of this design is the absence additional elements for the release of filtered water, as well as the ability to replace the cartridge. It is better to carry out the rinsing procedure over a separate container to avoid dirty liquid getting back into the pool. It is better to use a bucket for this.

In addition, the cost of this installation is significantly less than branded analogues. Everything you need can be purchased at specialized retail outlets, for example, a compressor is sold in any pet store, PVC pipes and corners in construction supermarkets, and a replacement cartridge in the markets in the plumbing department.

A big advantage when creating a floating filtration system is the freedom of design. If you have decorative components on hand, you can disguise the filter as any object that fits into the composition of the pool, for example, a ship.

Homemade water filter

At home, anyone can build an installation consisting of three containers connected in series. Such a filter works only under a certain pressure of the water supply system.

Plastic or glass containers can be used as future cassettes, and the segments must be connected using a ¼-inch adapter nipple.

For convenience, the adapters have entry/exit guides. They will make sure that the assembly process is successful. One more important point is the tightness of the installation. To avoid leaks, it is recommended to wrap each thread in Teflon tape and seal the joints with synthetic material.

A filter of this type is connected to the system as a tee and connected in series with the water supply pipes. The same coal can be used as granulate. It will purify raw water from harmful microparticles and prevent the appearance of scale. heating elements electric kettle and washing machine.

Features of homemade filters

After some time, you will have to replace such a system with a more professional one. This is due not only to the wear and tear of old parts, but due to their low absorption and purification efficiency in relation to microorganisms contained in water.

To ensure the sterility of the reservoir, modern filters are equipped with a mineralizing system. Before buying equipment, it is worth testing the water in laboratory conditions for mineral content and then, based on the results of the examination, choosing a filter with the appropriate mineral composition.

Homemade equipment does not have such a function, so after the cleaning stage it is recommended to boil the filtrate.

Also compare the power of the filter with the water pressure. Incorrect calculation of the water pressure intensity in relation to a homemade filtration system can affect the performance of the equipment. published

As you know, to everything good man gets used to quickly, so we have long been unable to do without the benefits of civilization. Many city apartment owners install filters to purify water. But summer cottages and many private houses, unfortunately, are often cut off from the possibility of connecting to the central water supply system with its treatment facilities. Of course, you can buy a filter jug ​​to purify drinking water. What if you need to purify water from a well for household needs? What if you don’t have a water filter at hand, and you need to make river water drinkable (for example, on a hike or in the country)? You will have to make a water filter yourself.

How to make a water filter with your own hands to get truly drinkable water

Often, water from wells is so contaminated with various impurities that it cannot be used even for laundry and washing dishes without preliminary purification. A homemade water filter will help you. Many people note that the ready-made filters sold in stores are no different high performance, and the need to constantly replace cartridges makes the device quite expensive to operate. The basis of a homemade water filter is ordinary cotton wool and gauze or charcoal.

Homemade filters for home use

Any home homemade filter for dirty water – only a temporary solution that is applicable only in emergency situations. You cannot count on high-quality water purification without the use of professional filter systems, because contaminants that can cause poisoning can be not only mechanical, but also chemical and bacteriological. And water can be considered drinking only after special laboratory tests.

Design of a factory multi-stage filter

To purify water at your dacha, you can make several types of filters with your own hands:

• Coal flow-through.

Simple design with carbon filling

• Submersible for process water: in an aquarium, pond.

• External flow-through with material for cleaning from mechanical particles.

It is advisable to use homemade systems for rough cleaning, additional purification of water from a well, elimination of foreign tastes and odors caused by bacteria and algae, and purification of collected rainwater.

Different options for a simple filter made from plastic containers

The best absorbent for a homemade filter is regular activated carbon. In addition to purifying impurities, such a filler can purify a small amount of water from most toxins and waste products of microorganisms

Design of a homemade water purification device

Make a simple charcoalcan be in a container with a perforated lid or in a piece of ordinary water pipe. As a housing for aquarium filter craftsmen use disposable syringes and food-grade plastic containers with sealed lids.

Selection of filter materials

The quality of the purified liquid and its mineral composition directly depend on the number of layers of absorbents and bulk materials. If you plan to use, assembled with your own hands , regularly, take care of making a structure the volume of which will be sufficient for laying several layers:

• Woven material - base and barrier for small particles and sand. A bandage folded in several layers, a synthetic filler - synthetic padding polyester, or pharmaceutical cotton wool - will do. Main disadvantage natural fibers - susceptibility to rotting, rapid contamination, appearance unpleasant odor. Instead of fabric, you should use ready-made filters for coffee and tea, or buy synthetic non-woven lutrasil - a material that is not subject to rotting and does not lose its properties when exposed to a humid environment.

A plastic bottle can also become a housing for a factory cartridge

• Quartz sand is used to eliminate small particles and absorb heavy metals.

• The gravel backfill also acts as a mechanical cleaner.

• Activated carbon is a powerful natural absorbent that can remove rotting products from liquids, eliminate unpleasant musty odors, and restore transparency to water. It is important to choose the right material: unburned or overcooked coal loses its properties. It filters finished granular material better.

Granulate for water purification

• Zeolite is an irreplaceable material if you plan to use water for drinking and cooking. The mineral will cope with most chemical contaminants: excess iron, nitrates, pesticides.

Materials for making the structure

Before starting assemblyDIY water filteryou need to choose a design. For the simplest device, operating on the principle of connected vessels, you will need:

• Several plastic bottles with lids (instead of bottles, food containers with plastic lids– they are more environmentally friendly, and the walls of the containers are much stronger).

• Screwdriver, awl, stationery knife.

• Filter fillers.

The following will be useful in assembling the tubular filter:

• Two pieces of pipe. It is advisable to choose a water pipe made of PVC or plastic.

• Threaded plastic bottle caps of suitable diameter - 3 pieces.

• Polymer waterproof glue, adhesive tape.

• One plastic bottle.

• Polymer fine mesh.

• Activated carbon.

Filter assembly

First of all you need to prepare the suspensionhomemade water filter. To do this, just cut stationery knife bottom of the bottle. Punch two holes in the side walls at a distance of 1.5 - 2 cm below the cut edge.

Homemade water filter

It is necessary to make holes in the lid for the outflow of filtered water. There are two ways: make one hole with a diameter of up to 10 mm, or drill several small ones.

The perforated cap is screwed onto the neck. Start backfilling. Place fabric (bandage, gauze, durable coffee filter bag or lutrasil) on the bottom and walls. It is advisable to sew a sleeve along the inner diameter of the bottle, slightly exceeding the total length of the filter - it will be easier to pour out the used filler.

A layer of granulated or crushed coal is poured onto the fabric base. Quartz or clean river sand is poured on top.

Homemade filter

Gravel is laid on the sand layer. It is advisable to alternate several sand and gravel layers. The total amount of filling should not exceed 2/3 of the bottle volume.

Quartz sand filter

The top of the cut edge is covered with a layer of fabric to prevent large particles from getting inside the body. You can secure the fabric with regular thread or elastic band or rubber band.

The finished filter is installed suspended above the container for clean water, pour in dirty water and wait for the purified liquid to flow through all layers.

Ready filter

You can install a homemade filter system without suspension in a wide container

The disadvantage of such a system is low performance. You must wait to fill the housing with a new portion of water.

Tubular filter for water in the country

Much more convenient to usehomemade filterfrom a water pipe. Ready product resembles an ordinary pipe connecting two tanks installed at different levels. From the upper tank, dirty water flows through the filter into the purified water tank.

Materials for production

The pipe section must be cut into two pieces in a ratio of 1:4. The short section will be used as a primary coarse filter, the long section as a carbon filter.

Cover installed in the pipe

In the caps of plastic bottles you need to drill holes in a circle and in the center. You need to install a cover in a short pipe so that the edges of the cover and the pipe coincide along the internal cut. Place a piece of mesh on top of the lid and fill the inner cavity of the pipe with padding polyester or cotton wool.

Pipe cavity filled with cotton wool

The upper part should similarly be closed with a lid with a mesh. The primary filter is ready.

Primary filter

A threaded neck will have to be sealed into a long piece of pipe. After adjustment, it is necessary to carefully coat the plastic with glue and secure the connection with several layers of adhesive tape.

Pipe with neck

The lower part of the pipe is equipped with a lid with a mesh, just like a short section. A sufficient amount of filter material is poured through the neck. You can alternate layers.

Ready filter

Both filters are connected and installed on containers (bottles)

How to clean aquarium water for free: internal filter

With your own hands can be done easily and filter for water in small aquarium. To make a body, you need a hollow tube with a diameter of up to 30 mm. Can be used:

• Disposable syringes – 2 pieces, 10 ml each.

• Flexible corrugated hose.

• Pipe of suitable diameter.

In addition to the tubes, you will need a sprayer with a flexible tube and a thick sponge. A regular suction cup will also come in handy to secure the filter in the container.

The syringes need to be soldered together so that they turn into a tube, and the noses must be cut off. You need to make holes along the entire length with a regular table fork. A sprayer with a thin hose is placed inside the tube.

Tube with installed sprayer

Wrap it in a circle with a sponge and check. If the design is correct, then the power of such a filter is sufficient to purify water in a small aquarium for fry.

Device in the aquarium

You can add zeolite inside the body - mechanical cleaning will be more thorough, and the mineral will completely remove nitrites from the water.

DIY filter for purifying pool water

If you have a swimming pool in the courtyard of a private house or in your country house, you have probably already encountered the problem of purifying the water in it. To solve this issue without spending enormous amounts of money, you can make a filter yourself.

Surface dirt (such as leaves that have fallen into the pool) can be removed mechanically(simply put, catch with a net). If you didn’t have time to do this, or soluble contaminants got into the water, everything goes into the water column. And it contains a lot of microorganisms and protozoan algae. If the water warms up well and receives enough light, it will “bloom” very quickly - it will turn green. As the temperature drops or when the substances beneficial to the algae run out, the algae sink to the bottom. This is how bottom pollution is formed. Insoluble debris that is heavier than water (sand, dust) can also get here.

The problem of purifying pool water cannot be solved by adding chemicals. After all, different cleaning methods are used against each type of pollution. If surface contamination is removed with a net, then bottom contamination is removed using a special water “vacuum cleaner”. Contaminants found in the water column can only be removed by filtration.

To remove contaminants in the water column, it is pumped through special filters using pumps, setting up a water intake in one place in the pool. After pumping through the filter elements, the water is returned to the pool. If the pool is located indoors (for example, in a sauna) and is used all year round, you can buy a ready-made filter unit, which costs about 2,000 rubles. But if we are talking about an inflatable pool that sits in the yard only 2-3 months a year, it is not economically profitable to buy a filter. People solve the problem in different ways. Some change the water often, others calmly look at the green water, and others think about how to make a water filter with their own hands.

You can make a sand filter for your pool. What it looks like is clearly shown in the figure.

The simplest sand filter is an effective device for water purification

Floating filter unit

It is made from replacement cartridge for water purification with internal diameter 50 mm. You will also need 2 m of polypropylene pipe and one corner (turn) for it. The diameter of the pipe and bend is 50 mm; such pipes are used in sewerage. The pipe may be shorter if you have a small pool. You will also need a small piece of threaded rod - M10 or longer. By the way, several cartridges can be attached to a long pin, which will significantly increase the power of the floating filter unit if it is connected to good pump.

First, drill a hole for a pin in the filter plug and pipe turn. Pass it through the turn and filter, secure with a nut. Attach an aquarium pump to the other side of the pipe (capacity - 2000 l/hour, power - 20 W). It is quite suitable for a small pool.

Place pieces of thick polystyrene foam (foam) onto the ends of the pipe to ensure the filter floats. The pump sucks in water from a depth of half a meter, the water is pumped through a pipe and enters the cartridge, where it is immediately cleaned and discharged back into the pool.

It may seem to you that such a homemade filter has low performance, but if you take the time to design and run it, you will soon notice that the quality of the water in the pool has improved significantly. The advantage of the design is that it does not require hoses or other connection systems to the water intake and outlet of water from the pool.

The cartridge can be washed. It's very easy to remove. But to prevent dirty water from the filter from getting back into the pool, before removing it, you need to place a plastic bucket under the filter, which is removed along with the filter when it is removed. Dirty water You need to pour it out and wash the filter.

The cost of such a homemade filter for purifying pool water is several times less than a ready-made one, and manufacturing and installation will take no more than an hour. Aquarium pumps can be bought in pet stores, pipes in the plumbing departments, filter cartridges in any supermarket. You can also use your imagination in the design of such a filter, because plastic pipe with foam on the ends does not add beauty to your pool. If you decorate it in the form of a boat, an island or anything else that you have enough imagination for, the view will be much more attractive.

How to make a simple water filter: video instructions

Purchased or homemade: which filter is better?

None of the homemade water filters is capable of completely purifying water from all types of contaminants, especially microorganisms and viruses. Microscopic particles are simply not captured even by the finest mesh. Another drawback homemade designs– there is no possibility of regulating mineralization. The water obtained after purification must be boiled.

The water must be tested in the laboratory not only for compliance with standards, but also to determine the qualitative and quantitative mineral composition. Only after receiving the results can you choose the right filter, and often a whole cascade with different fillers that will make the water not only safe, but also healthy.

The problem of water filtration is acute in both cities and rural areas. That is why a water filter should be an integral attribute of any kitchen.

The principle of operation of any filter is to pass water through a layer of filtration material. The following cleaning materials are used:

• a piece of fabric;
• cotton wool;
• napkins;
• charcoal;
• grass;
• sand.

Filters that use gauze, cotton wool, or various types of fabric can be considered effective, but they are short-lived and therefore require frequent replacement. They can be used as a temporary option. For regular suitable for use charcoal. This material must be carefully laid in layers alternating sand, gravel, and grass. If it is not possible to purchase coal, then you can make it yourself. To obtain this material, you simply need to heat the pieces of wood. You should not use coniferous wood for these purposes.

Making a simple filter

A flow filter for water purification has not found widespread use in summer cottages. This fact is due to the fact that the flow filter of this type requires the supply of water from a water supply system under a certain pressure, but not every dacha has a water supply system with necessary characteristics. As for pitcher-type filters, they purify water very slowly.

How to make a water filter with your own hands from a plastic bottle

You can find a simple way out of this situation: construct it yourself using plastic bottles. Coal and fabric napkins are used as filler.

A simple filter is manufactured in the following technological sequence:

• the bottom of a plastic bottle is carefully cut off;
• the container is filled with filler (cloth, coal);
• The bottle must be inserted into the opening of the jar with the neck down.

And that’s it – the simplest homemade water filter is ready. Then in plastic container water is poured and after passing through the filler it enters the jar. After purification, the water must be boiled.

Independent water deferrization

There are several methods that allow you to use an iron-removing filter to purify water. One of the main methods is the aeration process, which is performed using compressors. Water that has undergone purification is the safest and can be used as drinking water.

Iron removal device

You can make an iron remover filter yourself. The installation instructions involve several main steps.

1. The basis for the aerator is a tank located on a hill.
2. The shape and size of the tank may vary. Food-grade polyethylene is used as the main material for production.
3. The volume of the tank is selected based on the relationship with the amount of liquid consumed. In this option, it is advisable to make a reserve of half the volume.
4. The deferrization aerator consists of:
   • compressor;
   • float valve;
   • nozzle for spraying water;
   • special filter;
   • tap.
5. Water coming from the well moves to the tank and penetrates through the float valve device.
6. The liquid enters the tank in a thin stream, and active contact with air occurs.
7. The aeration process is that iron simply precipitates out of the water, so the design should include a tap that will be responsible for removing the metal.
8. It is also necessary to install a ventilation hole on the tank lid, which will allow an uninterrupted supply of oxygen to the water container.

Reverse osmosis filter operation diagram

Reverse osmosis filters are used to purify water. The liquid penetrates through a semi-permeable membrane. Molecules of water and oxygen pass through its structure. Cleansing occurs in several stages.

Reverse osmosis system

The first stage is pre-cleaning. The reverse osmosis membrane is an important element. The composite polymer consists of several layers. Filtration removes about 98% of minerals from water. Next, the water enters a special container in which it remains until the tap is opened. Final stage— discharge of mineral salts.

The quality of water purification with reverse osmosis and the service life of the device depend on how correctly the flow filter is installed. The water filter is installed under the kitchen sink. Main filters are installed into cold water pipes.

Summarizing

Clean water is the basis of the human body, so everyone should take care of the purification of the water they drink.

There are a variety of water purifiers. Which filter to choose depends on preference. This can be a jug-type filter, homemade or flow-through.

Any person quickly gets used to everything good, so it is quite difficult for members of modern society to do without all the benefits of civilization. Most residents of city apartments prefer to purify drinking water using special filters that are installed directly under the sink. Unfortunately, residents of private houses and summer cottages They are less fortunate, since they do not have the opportunity to connect to a central water supply system and enjoy all the benefits of treatment facilities. In principle, you can purchase an ordinary filter jug ​​for water purification. But what to do if it is not enough and you need to purify the water not only for drinking, but also for household needs. Today we will take a look at the most popular ways to make water filters with your own hands for use in a city apartment and in the private sector.

Making filters for apartments

There are two options for making a water filter at home, which are very popular among city residents. In fact, we will consider them further.

How to repurpose an old water filter?

Perhaps you have already used a special filter once, but the cartridge responsible for water purification has already become unusable and is not able to perform its function. Don't rush to buy a new one, because it can be restored.

To do this, you will need the following materials:

• Housing from an old filter element.
• Activated or charcoal.
• Cotton pad.

These are produced homemade filters making water with your own hands is very simple:

1. Carefully cut out the top and set it aside as you will no longer need it. Leave only the top pressure ring.
2. Remove the spent contents of the filter and rinse the housing itself thoroughly with water.
3. Divide the cotton pad in half and place one half on the bottom of the case.
4. Fill the housing with crushed coal.
5. Cover it with the other half of the cotton pad and secure with a ring.

Important! There are cartridge models in which the pressure ring in the body is not fixed. In this case, you can fix it with a sealant; just a couple of drops will be enough, the main thing is that it is non-toxic and waterproof.

How to make a filter from scrap materials?

To make home option water filter, you will need:

• An empty plastic bottle with a cap that screws on tightly.
• A piece of cotton fabric.
• Charcoal.

Now let’s look step by step at how to make a water filter with your own hands from a bottle:

1. The first step is to activate the charcoal:
   • It should first be crushed into cereal so that the particle diameter is at least 4-6 mm. You need enough coal to fill the bottle two-thirds full.
   • Then pour it into a container of water, bring to a boil and leave to simmer over low heat for another five minutes.
   • After this, use a metal sieve or colander to drain the water. But note that the water should still be hot.
   • Allow the coal to cool completely.
2. In the second stage, make several holes in the bottle cap with a diameter of 3-3.5 mm.
3. At the third stage, you need to cut off the bottom of the bottle.
4. In the fourth step, place cotton fabric in the neck of the bottle.
5. The fifth stage is pouring activated carbon into the container.

Important! This filter will last you a long time. And when you feel that the water has changed in taste again, then simply rinse the used coal, boil it again, replace the cloth and continue to use it calmly.

How to make a filter for a well?

Living in the private sector or in the country, people also want to have some kind of device for filtering water, even if it comes from a clean well. Why do this? The fact is that pesticides and nitrates, which are used during the cultivation of vegetable gardens, can seep into the ground and enter with groundwater straight into the well water. There is a solution - you can make water filters with your own hands from natural materials and place it on the bottom.

But first you need to decide what the bottom is in your well:

• If it is clay with gushing springs, then it is better to install a coarse filtration system in the water intake structures. A bottom device in such a situation can only do harm and block the outlet of spring water.
• If the bottom consists of soft clay and is washed away by water, then it is advisable to lay a layer of coarse crushed stone 15-20 cm thick.
• But a sandy bottom, through which water seeps freely, needs a bottom filter. If this is not done, then when the bucket hits the bottom or water, the sand will be washed away and create a cloudy sediment.

Important! Pumps are inappropriate here, because they will become heavily clogged with sand and break.

• If the bottom is covered with sand, which is highly saturated with groundwater, then in addition to the bottom filter, you can also install a protective bottom with a wooden shield to prevent erosion.

What materials can be used for the bottom filter?

At your discretion, you can use the following natural materials:

• Quartz coarse sand. It consists of grains up to 1 mm in size, so it must be washed before placing it in the well.
• Gravel. It is a loose, porous sedimentary rock, with gravel grains ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters.
• River pebbles. These are round pebbles of different sizes and colors.
• Crushed stone. These pebbles are mined mechanically, so they can have irregular shapes and different sizes.

Important! To make a filter using crushed stone, it is better to use neutral minerals, such as jadeite. Construction and granite crushed stone are not suitable for this.

• Zeolite. This mineral is most often used for water purification, since it withstands the attacks of any microbes, bacteria and viruses.
• Shungite or petrified oil. It is often used in alternative medicine, and it effectively purifies water from dioxides and radicals. This is a unique bactericidal agent.

Laying the bottom filter

If you need to make a shield for a well, then it is better to make it from such tree species like oak or aspen. They are the ones who are capable long time persist in water. The structure is arranged as follows:

• First you need to put together a shield from the boards, cut it according to the size of the well trunk, drill holes of 1-1.5 mm, wrap it in geotextile and lower it to the bottom. Place a layer of large stone on top of the shield.
• Next, you need to decide on the type of filter to be installed, which can be direct or reverse. If the bottom of the well is covered with soft clay or a bottom shield against floaters, then it is better to use a direct filter, that is, stack from the largest fractions to the smallest. Each layer should have a thickness of 15-20 cm. It is recommended to make at least three layers: the first will consist of crushed stones or stones 5-6 cm in size, the second will be of small river pebbles, gravel or shungite, and the third will be of washed river sand.

Important! Reverse filters are used in wells with a sandy bottom, as they do not allow grains of sand to rise up and protect the bottom from large debris. They are laid in the reverse order, that is, the small fraction comes first, and then the large one.

• Then follows the installation itself, depending on the selected filter type.
• During operation, the devices become clogged with small particles of sand and clay, so they need to be cleaned every year. To do this, the sand is completely replaced, and the stones are simply taken out and washed thoroughly under running water. The filter is put back in the same sequence.

Manufacturing of filters for wells

In wells, water is also purified using filters. Summer residents and owners of private houses most often use perforated perforated systems for this. Such devices are quite effective and simple.

Before you make a water purification filter of this type at home, you need to prepare the following materials and tools:

• Plastic pipe made from environmentally friendly pure material or metal, which does not rust. Its length is determined depending on the depth of the well, but should not be more than 5 meters, and its diameter should be less than the diameter of the well.
• Fine mesh stainless or brass mesh.
• Drill with drill bit.
• Plug in the form of a wooden plug.

The step-by-step production of such a cleaning system looks like this.

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