The cheapest way to heat your home. Heating a house with electricity: the most economical way, some tips

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For various reasons, despite the high cost of electricity, owners of private houses often opt for heating using electrical equipment. This method of building is considered the most expensive, so the question of saving money spent on maintaining a comfortable temperature in the premises is relevant. Saving money will help solve the problem electric heating private house. This article explains how to organize it.

Types of electric boilers

Electric heating devices are divided into several main groups:

heating elements;
electrode boilers;
induction equipment;
infrared heaters.

Tubular heaters (heaters)

They are the most popular type of heating devices. Their work is based on the transfer of heat from a tubular electric heater to a liquid coolant (usually water is used, less often antifreeze).

Advantages of heating elements:

the design of the unit shown in the photo eliminates electrical contact with the coolant. Thanks to this, they can be equipped with emergency automatic equipment designed for protective shutdown;
the type of coolant does not affect the power of tubular heaters; it changes if the voltage in the network increases or decreases. Thanks to this feature of the device, it is possible to organize a stepped or smooth heating method. When the owner wants to implement economical heating with electricity, this advantage should be used (read also: " ").

Disadvantages of heating elements:

work resource heating elements limited. When purchasing such a boiler, you need to pay attention to whether it is possible to replace the heating elements, which will subsequently lead to saving money, since you will not need to buy a new device;
scale forms on the surface of the heating elements and for this reason they may fail ahead of schedule;
water must have a certain hardness, so if this indicator exceeds the norm, measures must be taken to reduce it.

Electrode boilers

The structural design of such a boiler is simple: electrodes are built into the container. Heating of the coolant occurs due to the release of heat when current passes through the liquid. However, there is no
electrolysis process, so the anode and cathode alternate in a continuous mode with a frequency of 50 Hz.

Advantages of electrode boilers:

Compared to tubular electric heaters, they are more reliable and have a longer service life. If scale forms on the electrodes, they do not fail;
have smaller dimensions.

Disadvantages of electrode boilers:

when using water as a coolant, it requires special processing;
When antifreeze is used, it must be formulated by the device manufacturer.

Induction equipment

Its structure is similar to that of a transformer.

U induction device two circuits:

Advantages of induction devices:

the possibility of boiler breakdown is minimized, since it does not have heating elements;
virtually no scale is formed;
high degree of electrical safety;
equipment operates under a wide range of pressure and temperatures;
use of different types of coolants.

Disadvantages of induction devices:

significant weight;
large dimensions;
high price;
the possibility of problems arising during smooth power control.

Infrared heaters

It is believed that the most economical electric heating can be organized using infrared devices. U different manufacturers They differ not only in size, but also in weight and color. Often these devices are called panels, and they are usually installed on the wall or ceiling, where they will not interfere with the movement of people (read also: " ").

Infrared heaters can be used to heat residential premises, offices, production workshops etc. They are usually used when quick heating is required. The principle of their operation is based on the fact that IR rays coming from the device heat the surfaces of walls, floors, and objects in the room, after which they give off heat to the air. Often, this is how it is organized.

Advantages of infrared heaters:

they provide rapid heating of rooms;
there is no combustion of oxygen;
people in the room feel a pleasant warmth;
it is possible to heat the room only from below, which makes it possible to organize economical electric heating;
no combustion products are formed during operation;
Availability automatic adjustment and device control;
there is no air circulation, which means dust does not move;
the device is simply installed and is easy to care for – it is not necessary to involve a specialist;
long service life ranges from 12 to 35 years;
The devices are absolutely fireproof.

Infrared heaters have one drawback. Since objects heat up first, after turning on the device the air remains cold for some time (short time). But such equipment allows you to get.

Electric heating device, see video example:

How to organize economical heating

In a private house, you can organize economical heating with electricity using an electric boiler (read also: " ").

But provided that the following requirements are met:

The heat output required to heat the premises should be reduced. To do this, it is necessary to eliminate heat loss by insulating the walls, ceiling, and windows of the house. After a series of works to reduce heat loss, energy consumption will decrease.Of course, the implementation of such measures will require financial costs, but laying and connecting a line from the main gas pipeline is also not a cheap pleasure. Read also: "".
To organize economical heating with electricity for your home, you need to choose correct option heating. The correct method will be the one that will save more money (read also: " "). For example, if a one-room apartment is well insulated, it is better to use an electric boiler as an additional heat source, despite the fact that the centralized steam heating system will constantly function. In apartments with a large number of rooms, it is advisable to install devices with built-in power control, since they allow you to maintain a different temperature in each room depending on when they are used.
The room needs to be installed Various types heaters and combine them to make it really economical heating private house with electricity. All types of heating devices differ in their performance characteristics, and their correct combination can provide efficient heating electricity.

For a bathroom, an infrared heater would be the best choice, since you will need to turn it on before your appointment. water procedures, and, as you know, this device warms up the room very quickly. In the kitchen you can use a combination of heating devices. The optimal solution will become an infrared heater plus electric convector. You can use them as follows. will constantly operate at low power and thereby maintain the minimum permissible temperature in the kitchen when all the residents of the house are absent. In the evening, after returning, you need to turn on the infrared heater and quickly warm the room to a comfortable state.
It is necessary to control the temperature in the house using thermostatic automation. It can be configured in such a way that in the absence of people in the house the temperature is significantly reduced, and in their presence the room maintains comfortable living conditions. As a result, operating heating equipment in this mode will allow significant savings.
If possible, use a night rate. The price of electricity at night is several times lower compared to the daytime cost. To install a multi-tariff electricity meter, the property owner needs to contact the regional energy supply organization.

As follows from the information above, it is quite possible to organize economical heating using electrical appliances, but without taking a number of measures this is unrealistic. Before you begin the project, you should decide which electric heating is the most economical in in this case and think it over carefully. Read also: "".

The cost of heating your home will not be so high if everything is done correctly. When the power consumption of heating devices planned for installation exceeds the value established in the supply contract electrical energy, then this issue must be agreed upon with the organization supplying electricity, otherwise serious problems cannot be avoided for consumers.

One of undeniable advantages private houses in front of city apartments, is the opportunity to choose the optimal type of heating yourself. It is much more pleasant to realize that the heat in your home does not depend on the mood of various utility services; system maintenance will take place when it is convenient for you. In the end, you know exactly what you are paying for and how much. That is why, even during the design of a house, or during the construction process, many ask themselves the question: “which option is better and " One of the main criteria for such a choice is the concept of benefit.

And before determining which one favorable heating private home, it’s worth figuring out what exactly we’re talking about. After all, the benefits also vary.

For example, for someone, in the understanding, it is beneficial, meaning, to invest inexpensively in the installation of equipment, but the costs, over time, can easily reduce this benefit to zero, due to the high cost of the resources expended. Others prefer to spend money initially and then benefit from more economical expenses.

Both options are fair in their own way, since in the first case, the house may well be built for sale. And your future fate in terms of heating costs is no longer your concern.

But, if the house is yours, and you plan to stay in it for a long period, then it is wiser to start from the benefits of the second option.

So, it is worth paying attention not only to the cost of the equipment, but also to the heating installation itself, and to calculate in advance the optimally beneficial, specifically for you, type of resources used to maintain the operation of the heating system.

Types of heating systems for a private home

Think about which of the listed types of fuel is more economical in your case and is available.

Types of fuel used:

Sorted coal;
Regular firewood;
Briquettes based on wood or peat;
Liquid fuel (light fuel oil, diesel fuel, diesel fuel for);
Electricity;
Natural or liquefied gas.

Having decided, it is worth considering what type of systems, the type of fuel that is beneficial to you, will be powered.

Air;
Electrical;
Water.

Electric heating systems for a private house

What are the features, advantages and disadvantages of the above heating systems? Let's figure it out:

Air heating system for a private house: pros and cons

The air heating system operates on the industrial principle supply ventilation, driving air through a heater or a built-in heat exchanger, where it is heated and distributed throughout the room through specially designated channels.

Key advantages of the system

Due to the lack of coolant, you will never encounter freezing or leakage problems. This means that there are no expenses for off-season preventive work.

Thanks to the humidifiers built into the system, you don’t have to worry about dry air in the room.

The rate of heating of the air in the living space is quite high. The efficiency is not lower than 90%.

The main type of consumption is gas. Although there are also hybrid systems. The cost of these is initially higher than their gas counterparts, but is compensated by the fact that one stove can heat not only air, but also water system. For those who plan to have combined heating for all occasions, it is worth considering this option in more detail.

What are the disadvantages:

The disadvantages of the system include, first of all, the need for a fairly spacious room for installing a heat generator.

Domestic gas, due to the high content of paraffins in its composition, is poorly suited for the equipment of an American manufacturer. As a solution, you can purchase a hybrid analogue made in Germany that runs on the type of fuel you need.

Noise. The operation of the system, unfortunately, is not silent. Therefore, if silence in your home is a priority for you, you should either abandon the air type of heating altogether, or choose the quietest option that the market offers.

Electric heating in a private house: pros and cons

Electric heating has a variety of uses and can be either the main or an additional source of heat regulation for your home. They can be built-in, overhead and even portable. There are several types:

Infrared heating;
Convection;
Warm floor system.

The operating principle of the first type is to convert electrical energy into infrared radiation, which heats the room within the radius of the radiation. It is also worth paying attention to the unique ability of the effect in question. Namely, the fact that objects directly heat up. All other types and types of heating heat the air. And, as you know, he doesn’t best guide heat. Mounted in the ceiling, walls and even the floor of your home.

Advantages of electric heating of a private house

It has a number of special advantages. For example, a series beneficial properties, which are inherent in infrared therapies. Another feature associated with radiation is that even after the system is disconnected from the network, heated objects continue to give off heat.

Thus, saving your energy costs. If we consider the floor system infrared heating then any type of coating is suitable for it, unlike its electric counterpart. With high thermal insulation of your home, the developers guarantee very economical consumption. The stated figures are at least 65% savings. Easy to install. Not afraid of sudden power surges in the network.

Disadvantages of electric heating of a private house

When it comes to ceilings, it is not always possible to get into the interior composition. Therefore, lovers of aesthetics should think in advance about the design of the ceilings into which the tapes will be installed. If the thermal insulation of the house is low, then there is a chance of not falling into the percentage superiority of cost efficiency promised by the manufacturers.

Convection heating of a private house: pros and cons

Built on the principle of circulation of natural air flows, heated by a heating element built into the convector. Wall and floor mounted. It can also be a portable heat source.

Advantages of convection heating

We can safely mention mobility and the possibility of installation in an already built house. Modern convectors do not dry the air. Safety of use. If the convector suddenly falls or breaks, it is instantly disconnected from the network, thanks to the built-in protection against fire and short circuit in the network. Installation is simple. Place it on the floor or attach it to the wall next to the electrical outlet. Low cost of equipment compared to other systems.

Disadvantages of convection heating

There are no particular disadvantages. Except that the system's power source is purely electric and cannot be hybrid.

Heating a private house using heated floors: pros and cons

The “warm floor” system is an electrical circuit consisting of a special, heating cable in Teflon insulation. When current is applied, the filaments heat up to the set software parameters, while releasing heat that warms the floor.

Advantages of electric heated floors

The advantages of this type of heating are usually called the comfortable feeling from the contact of the bare foot with warm surface. This is especially true for bathrooms and swimming pools. At high-quality installation, the system is quite long-lasting in operation and does not require maintenance.

Disadvantages of electric heated floors

There are also disadvantages to such pleasure. There is an opinion that “warm floors” are harmful to health due to electromagnetic radiation. And partly this is true. Partially because, when installing a system from a cheap manufacturer, protective screens are not included.

More expensive analogues use higher quality materials with protection, reducing the harm of radiation to a level comparable to the operation of a regular TV or microwave. So, basically, the disadvantage of this heating method comes down to the financial side of the issue, since an important factor is played not only by the cost and installation, but also by the coating that follows after installation of the system.

It is not recommended to cover the floor or lay PVC tiles whose adhesive contains harmful chemical elements. If these conditions are met, you will be able to enjoy warm floors in your premises with virtually no harm.

Advantages of electric heating of a private house

All of the types of electric heating listed above have a number of common positive aspects. They are easy to install, relatively inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and do not dry out the air.

The systems are absolutely silent in use. Possibility of integration into the interior. They do not require maintenance and are easily replaced in case of breakdown. It is possible to regulate the temperature, and do it locally. For example, one room needs to be heated more, but in winter garden, on the contrary, maintain lower temperatures.

Equipped with built-in thermostats that allow you to regulate the required degree of heating without unnecessary energy consumption. When the set temperature is reached, the sensor will operate and turn off the system. It is an alternative to combustible energy sources, subject to high cost or absence of them, as such, in your region.

Unlike air or water heating systems, it is possible to connect to solar panels, which will allow you to receive an additional, free source, subject to sunny weather.

Disadvantages of electric heating in a private home

The other side of the coin will be a possible (in your individual calculations) disadvantage relative to the current cost of electricity. There is also a risk of being left without heating if the power line breaks in bad weather, or if there is an interruption in the power supply to the area where your home is located.

Water heating systems in a private house

Now let's move on to the third, water heating system. A closed circuit of pipes installed or installed externally, with a built-in heat generator (boiler or stove) and heat transfer points (radiator batteries). Water heated by the boiler circulates through the system and heats the space. Sometimes, by analogy with electric “warm floors”, it is installed in the floor.

Let's look at three types of water circulation and their features.

Natural;
Forced;
Combined.

Home heating system with natural circulation

Natural circulation, as the name suggests, is carried out due to a natural process, the difference in the specific gravity of hot and cold water. Warm water, displaced by cold liquid, goes up, goes through a cycle, gives off heat, and, cooling, returns to the boiler.

When installing inlet and outlet pipes, it is worth considering the nuance with a slope of at least 3° for normal, natural circulation and helps reduce the effect of air accumulation called “ airing».

Advantages of natural circulation systems

The advantages of this type include ease of installation, durability, and quiet operation.

Disadvantages of natural circulation systems

Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting the ineffectiveness of such a system in a house with a heated area of over 100 square meters.

It takes a lot of time to warm up the system and heat the room. Inability to adjust heating temperature. You need to monitor the temperature in cold weather, and you need to keep the boiler running, even if you are not in the house, otherwise the pipes will freeze and may even burst.

Home heating system with forced circulation

To the system forced circulation pump is built in. Or, it is already built directly into the boiler by the manufacturer. Due to the operation of the pump, heating efficiency increases to 30% compared to the first option. Less pipe consumption during installation compared to the first system. It is possible to regulate the temperature. To prevent freezing, you can use a special liquid.

The disadvantage of forced circulation is directly dependent on the power supply

The system combines the work of the previous two. The advantages are the same as those of a “forced” heating system. But you have the opportunity to switch at any time convenient for you and not worry if the electricity supply to your home suddenly goes out.

Boilers for water heating systems offered on the market are very different and suitable for any type of fuel. Including combined types. There is a choice for every type of consumption, taste and budget.

The main disadvantage of water heat exchange systems

This is the cost of installation and periodic maintenance.

How to choose the most profitable heating for a private home

Key points that are worth paying attention to again based on the information received:

1. We decide on plans for the future of this house.

2. We determine the most profitable type of fuel for your region.

3. Pay attention to the area of the house.

4. We think through in detail where and how much we need to warm up the room.

5. Select the most suitable type of heating and its subtypes.

6. Don’t forget about the quality of thermal insulation, which can significantly both increase and reduce your costs in the future.

You can save on heating your home if you draw up a plan in advance that takes into account all the key parameters of the task facing you.

From practice , we can say that the cheapest methods of heating a private house will be:

Liquefied gas
Diesel fuel
Firewood
Coal
Ready-made briquettes for heating

All these types of heating of a private home are discussed in great detail in the following video:

The cheaper way to heat a country house video

Along with classic central heating, people are increasingly using alternative ways heating the home. This is especially true for private households. The owners of such houses can choose the cheapest heating available in their region of residence. But in order to understand which type to give preference to, you will need to conduct a simple analysis.

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Types of heating

Heating is the process of heating the surrounding air or surfaces, resulting in an increase in room temperature. To produce heat, various types of energy are used, which are further converted into heat. There are three ways to organize home heating:

centralized;
autonomous;
individual.

In the first case it is used classic method when heating radiators (radiators) are installed in the rooms. Circulates through them hot water, supplied through branched pipelines. This coolant is generated outside the home, and the price for its use is calculated not in the cost of energy conversion, but in the actual heat sent to the consumer.

Since heating companies involved in supplying coolant are trying to save money, almost all heating networks are in a deplorable state. Because of this, losses only when heated water passes through pipes amount to about thirty percent. For example, in Europe this figure does not exceed two percent. Therefore, the heating temperature of the battery is often insufficient to achieve comfortable conditions. In addition, the consumer has no influence on turning the heating on and off, not to mention independently adjusting the temperature. At the same time, due to wear and tear of equipment, frequent interruptions are also possible.

Autonomous heating involves finding a source of thermal energy in a special building built on the territory of the building management. This place is called the boiler room. The advantage of this approach is the absence of operating costs, stable and regulated heat supply. But the initial launch of this system is associated with at great expense, so the boiler room is not completely shut down, even at the end of the heating season. In this case, the cost of heating depends on the type of fuel used and required power the entire system. Therefore, it is important to choose the right cheapest fuel for heating.

The source of individual heating is located directly in the room that needs to be heated. This type is characterized by simplicity and precise temperature control. But its disadvantages include self-repair of the system in case of failure. The emergence of dependence on suppliers of transformed energy into heat, for example, gas, electricity.

How to make heating in a country house? Full review in 5 minutes!

Energy resources used

To obtain heat, in addition to the equipment that will accumulate and release it, energy is needed. Its source can be substances with high energy potential, that is, a parameter characterizing their feasibility of use. Its unit of measurement is usually expressed in joules (J) or kilowatt-hours (kW/h).

All existing resources are divided into two classes: primary and secondary. Natural processes are involved in the origin of the former: thermal waters, minerals, sunlight, wind. The latter are by-products of human activities: waste, emissions of flammable gases.

Primary resources are conventionally divided into renewable, inexhaustible and limited. Renewable energy includes energy obtained from sunlight, plant products (wood), and the movement of water and air. Thermal waters and substances that release thermonuclear energy are considered inexhaustible. But the most widespread use is natural resources, the supply of which is limited. These are substances such as coal, oil, gas, peat, shale, as well as uranium and thorium.

Since these resources will eventually run out, their use becomes more expensive every year. Therefore, technologies are being developed aimed at using practically unlimited energy, and more and more new devices are being invented to use it.

When solving the problem of choosing the cheapest type of heating for a private home, people, although rarely, give preference to alternative energy sources. In particular, the use solar panels and collectors, wind generators, bio gas devices, heat pumps. Building a heating system using alternative energy sources is a rather expensive process, but over time due to practical free receipt energy, the installation costs are recouped. The average period is about ten years.

Previously, it was impossible for residents of multi-storey buildings to refuse centralized heating, but now such an opportunity has arisen, so the choice profitable way heating has become relevant for them too. Although for residents of high-rise buildings, compared to people living in the private sector, not all options are available.

The cheaper it is to heat Vacation home?

Heat-reproducing devices

Modern manufacturers in the field of heating engineering can offer consumers wide choose heating devices. The offered equipment differs both in the type of energy source used and in power. For private use, this can be a budget device that allows you to warm up small room or expensive, but intended for autonomous heating big house. But despite this, there are three classic type equipment using as an energy source:

Each type of equipment has its own advantages and disadvantages. For one type, the cost of consumed resources will be low, but the purchase and installation of equipment will be very expensive, and for the other - vice versa. Therefore, to find out what the most economical heating will be for country house or an apartment, you will need to take into account not only the cost of resources, but also the costs of installation, adjustment and maintenance of heating devices.

When choosing the cheapest heating for a dacha, private house or apartment, you must adhere to a single average indicator, since buildings can be made of different building material and is located in different climatic zones. Therefore, it makes sense to consider financial costs as the cost of one kilowatt per square meter of surface.

The best heating system for a private home!

Gas boilers

Gas heating uses devices that burn gas. As a result of this process, thermal energy is generated, which is transferred to the coolant (water). This water circulates through a closed pipeline system, giving off its heat to radiator structures, which already heat the air in the room.

Gas boilers differ in their operating principle, which affects the coefficient useful action(efficiency). Thus, as of mid-2018, the average price of gas in the country was 6.63 rubles per cubic meter. Respectively, the cost of heating using gas per 1 kW will be:

The most interesting is the condensation type. Such boilers are more economical than classical designs due to the use of the heat of condensation of water vapor and the shape of the burner. The cheapest such boiler will cost about 60 thousand rubles. It will cost about 4 thousand rubles to install it and the same amount of work to set up the system. In addition to the boiler, you will need to purchase pipes, radiators, all kinds of fittings, as well as draw up a heating system installation project and obtain permits.

Heating a country house with wood

Electric tanks

The operating principle of such a boiler is based on the use of tubular electric heating elements (TEH) or transmission electric current through water located between two electrodes. Electric heating boilers are mini-boiler rooms. Their design includes a circulation pump, an expansion barrel, and an automation system. The average cost of electricity is 3.1 rubles per kilowatt. At the same time, the tariff may be cheaper if you use the boiler only during preferential times (from 23-00 to 7-00), but for this you will need a two-tariff electricity meter day-night.

The efficiency of electric boilers is quite high and averages 98-99 percent. Thus, costs will be approximately:

It is believed that for every ten square meters the boiler needs to expend one kilowatt of its power.

That is, if it is necessary to warm up a home with an area of one hundred square meters, while the boiler will operate for about six hours per day, you will need 60 kW/h, and 1860 kW per month. But, as practice shows, on average heating season V cold winter expenses are about 10 thousand rubles.

Electric boilers are divided into wall-mounted and floor-mounted. For the former, the power ranges from 5 to 60 kW, and for the latter it is more than 60 kW. Besides, electric boilers differ in the type of coolant circulation. It can be natural or forced. Buying a boiler will cost about 7 thousand rubles, another 4 thousand will cost to install and connect it. In some cases, it will be necessary to change the electrical wiring to provide the boiler with the required power.

Water and heating of a country house // FORUMHOUSE

Solid fuel

Although solid fuel devices have made technological breakthroughs in Lately, but their efficiency still does not exceed seventy percent on average. Wood, coal, and pellets are used as fuel. The furnace can be loaded automatically or manually. If you use automation, electricity costs can be ignored.

The heating cost will look like this:

The principle of operation of the boiler is based on the transfer of heat generated during the combustion of fuel in the firebox of the device, a water jacket communicating with the circuit of the heating system. Price of the cheapest modern solid fuel boiler is 40 rubles, its setup costs about 3 thousand. To equip the heating system, you will also need batteries, pipes, a chimney, and a place to store fuel.

Alternative sources

Building systems using alternative sources allows you to actually get cheap heat with your own hands. Such systems are built on solar panels or collectors. The use of photocells makes it possible to achieve an efficiency of about fifteen percent. The resulting energy is converted into electricity, which can be used to heat water or connect thermal electrical appliances.

Solar collectors consist of a black metal plate placed under a layer of water. The plate transfers heat to the water. If the circuit is placed in a tank and cold water is connected, the liquid will begin to circulate through the circuit using a pump.

Wind generators also make it possible to obtain inexpensive heating by rotating the propeller. When it rotates from the wind, an EMF is induced on the generator. After the generator, the voltage goes to the transformer, where it increases to desired value and is sent to the power grid.

The heat pump operates on the Carnot principle. This is a complex high-tech device. It collects external heat and converts it into internal heat. Its efficiency value is much greater than unity. For example, if the device consumes 1 kW, then at the output it will be able to produce about 4.5 kW of thermal power.

Alternative sources look attractive, but in order to have enough power for heating, you will need to make a rather impressive initial investment. For example, a system of solar panels will cost about half a million rubles.

How to do cheap heating private house?

System selection

Thus, it is possible to heat a house cheaply in several ways. The most economical ways are to use inexhaustible energy. But due to the cost of the devices, their use has not yet gained sufficient popularity. That's why By type of resources used, heating systems are arranged in the following order:

Using solid fuel boilers, it will be possible to burn coal, wood or other solid fuel. Pellets are used to automate the process. But a rather significant disadvantage of this heating method is the need to find a place to store fuel.

If gas is supplied to a private household, then heating with it will also be a good option. But obtaining permits to install such a system will cause inconvenience. Electric heating large plots will not bring significant savings. Due to high energy consumption. Its only advantage will be ease of installation, which does not even require connection to the chimney.

What heating to choose for a private house or cottage? When choosing a particular heating method for a private home, we are guided by a number of factors, among which the most significant are:

The financial component, which includes the cost of installation, maintenance, operation and fuel.
Possibility of accumulation of heating material.
Possibility of application alternative options heating (during a power outage, interruptions in gas supply, etc.).

The optimal combination of the above factors allows us to identify the most efficient heating that can be used in each specific case to heat a private home.

What heating to choose for a country house? In order for every reader to find the answer to this question, we will briefly describe the most common and effective schemes heating system devices.

Water heating

This type of heating belongs to the category of the simplest and most reliable. The operating principle of water heating is based on heating water using a boiler and its subsequent distribution to room radiators thanks to a piping system.

The use of a circulation pump ensures constant circulation of water in this closed system. The coolant in a water heating system is usually water or antifreeze, and the boiler can operate on coal, wood, natural gas, kerosene and other types of fuel.

Water heating includes the following main elements: boiler, pipelines, batteries, expansion tank, circulation pump, pressure gauges, shut-off valves, automatic air vents, safety valves.

Pipelines used for water heating can be made of various materials:

Steel.
Copper.
Polymer materials.

Steel pipelines, unlike stainless or galvanized ones, are characterized by low corrosion resistance. Copper pipelines are highly reliable and can withstand high temperatures and pressures.

Pipelines made of polymer materials are quite durable, eliminate the formation of sediment on internal surfaces, and are highly resistant to corrosion.

Their disadvantage is the presence of a large coefficient of thermal expansion, which contributes to the formation of leaks.

Thus, the most effective water heating a cottage or private house can be arranged using copper pipelines. This opinion is shared by the vast majority of experts.

The only drawback of pipelines made of copper is their comparative high cost, which is compensated by their absolute reliability and ability to last for several generations.

Water heating scheme. Click to enlarge.

Indoor piping can be done using single-pipe, double-pipe or manifold.

Single-pipe wiring does not allow full control of the performance of the entire system due to the impossibility of blocking access of the coolant to one of the radiators.

The option using a two-pipe system is the most efficient (for individual houses) heating, allowing you to freely adjust the temperature inside each room.

This type of wiring involves supplying cold and hot pipelines to each radiator. The distribution of pipelines can be carried out in a star-shape or in the form of a “loop”.

Manifold wiring involves connecting supply and return pipelines to each heating device from a common manifold.

Manifold systems are distinguished by a high degree of versatility due to ease of installation and adjustment, the ability to replace damaged sections of pipelines (without destroying the floor structure).

Which heating is better (single-circuit, double-circuit or collector) for a country house? The answer is obvious - two-pipe and collector.

Air heating

Air heating of a private house can be arranged according to the gravitational principle (air movement is carried out due to temperature differences due to natural circulation) or due to forced circulation (air movement is possible due to the operation of a fan equipped with an electric drive).

This heating scheme allows you to heat rooms without the main elements used in a water heating system (boilers, radiators, pipelines, etc.).

Air heating heats rooms by supplying air heated to the required temperature.

Scheme air heating. Click to enlarge.

The main element of a fully automatic system ( better heating- the most automated) is a heat generator, which can be mobile or stationary.

The fuel (gas, kerosene or diesel) burned in the combustion chamber heats the cold air moving upward under the action of a fan. The heated air is then directed to the heat exchanger, where partial mixing with street air can occur.

Using air ducts, heated air is directed directly into the rooms, ensuring their uniform heating.

The circulation necessary for the functioning of the system is established by returning air to the heat generator through the floor grilles. What is the most efficient air heating for a country house?

The efficiency of air heating is directly influenced by air ducts, which can have various design features:

Round or rectangular.
Rigid or flexible.
Metal (black and galvanized steel, copper, aluminum) or non-metal (plastic, textile).

Insulating pipelines passing through unheated rooms or adjacent to external walls is one of the ways to arrange more efficient heating of any cottage or house.

Electric heating

Various electric heating options are successfully used to heat private houses of various sizes:

Electric convectors.
Infrared ceiling long-wave heaters.
Film and cable systems for heating ceilings and floors.

The best electric heating for a country house is a system based on the use of electric convectors, which has gained the greatest popularity and distribution in low-rise construction, especially suburban ones.

The structure of an electric convector. Click to enlarge.

The operating principle of these devices is based on the phenomenon of air convection. Thanks to convection, heat transfer by air is ensured (up to 80%).

Convectors heat cold air through the operation of special heating elements made of conductive components. The heated air increases in size and rises through the louvers of the outlet grille.

Additional heating of the air is carried out due to heat radiation carried out directly from the surface of the electric convector.

The principle of using convectors for heating. Click to enlarge.

Electric convectors are the best heating (or one of the best) for a private home, inferior to gas only in operating costs, but superior in terms of safety and reliability.

The control units of these devices are equipped with special protection against overheating, and the devices themselves have low sensitivity to voltage changes in the electrical network.

How to choose the type of heating

How to choose one type of heating or another? Which heating is more economical and profitable?

Many years of experience in the construction of private houses and installations various systems heating supply suggests that the choice depends on the characteristics of a particular house (availability of fuel, distance from settlements, financial capabilities, etc.).

Any schemes have their own positive traits and some disadvantages. Which heating is better: water, air, electric or stove, for example? For each individual case there is a single answer to the question posed.

Heating a private house in the cold season is always associated with significant financial costs. In this regard, the owners have a reasonable question about how to save on heating so that it remains quite efficient and warms up the entire house well. This article will talk about the most profitable heating systems and how to create economical heating in a private home.

Fuel cost comparison

To understand which heating is economically beneficial, it is worth making a direct comparison of the cost of one kilowatt-hour of heat for different types of fuel.

When figuring out which heating is economical and which is not, it is worth comparing the cost of energy resources in increasing order, which can be presented as the following list:

Main gas;
Dry firewood;
Pellets;
Coal;
Propane from gas tanks;
Bottled gas;
Diesel fuel;
Electricity.

Of course, it is always worth taking into account the terrain factor, which greatly affects the cost of energy resources, but in general the price picture corresponds to the list. The most economical heating of a private house is associated with the use of main gas, and if possible it is worth installing gas heating– but this opportunity is not always available, so you have to explore other options.

Ways to increase heating efficiency

There are several ways to create economical heating for a private home and reduce heating costs. For example, there are different ways to use the same fuel with different heat output, and additional features There are also a lot of solutions that can improve heating efficiency.

One way to reduce costs is directly related to the heat loss of the building. Thus, about 35% of all heat is lost through the walls of a house, about 25% of thermal energy comes out through the roof and windows, and up to 15% through the floor. If you reduce heat loss, you can improve the efficiency of your heating system - and this is what you need to do first, instead of trying to figure out which heating is cheaper.

There are several ways to insulate a private home:

Foam coat. The foam sheets are attached to the building using cement adhesive and dowels. Subsequently, the sheets are covered with reinforcing mesh and puttied.
Mineral wool fur coat. This type insulation structurally completely coincides with the previous one, but in quality thermal insulation material sheets of mineral wool protrude. Unlike foam plastic, this material It is characterized by minimal flammability, i.e. Due to its use, the fire safety of the building also increases.
Facade insulation. In this case mineral wool attached to the walls and covered with a windproof membrane. A metal or plastic cladding is installed over this structure, which is attached to a wooden or metal frame.
Insulation of the screed. Actually, correct installation of the screed initially presupposes the presence of a heat-insulating layer. The screed is mounted on top of the existing base on a layer of polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene.
Insulation wooden floor . Thermal insulation material is installed in the space between the support beams on top of the decking layer. From above it can be covered either with waterproofing, which is practiced in unheated attics, or with a flooring installed on joists.
Bulk insulation. A layer of expanded clay or slag about 20-30 cm thick is poured into the space between the beams or slabs.
Installation of energy-saving windows. Energy-saving windows use glass with a minimal layer of metal coating. In the infrared spectrum, this design is opaque, so thermal energy (both cold and heat) cannot enter the room.
Roof insulation. For implementation this method insulation in the space between rafter legs On the roof, slabs of thermal insulation material are laid, on top of which a layer of vapor barrier is attached. If desired, you can use multi-layer insulation, which further reduces heat loss.

All of the methods described can reduce heat loss, resulting in more economical home heating. Even minor insulation of a home can significantly affect the cost of heating it. Professional formulas can use insulation coefficients from 0.6 to 4, and in the most extreme cases, the spread of heat losses in buildings with and without insulation can reach 6 times.

However, all this concerns savings by reducing heat losses - but there is also the opportunity to save on the heating system itself. For example, you can choose more economical heating equipment - after all, various know-how in heating private houses periodically appears on the market, and it is worth paying attention to them. Various methods of economical heating will be discussed below.

Condensing gas boilers

A condensing gas boiler allows you to create the most profitable heating for a private home. The design of such a boiler includes two heat exchangers, one of which receives the heat generated by burning gas, and the second provides condensation of combustion products. The condensate itself is discharged into the sewer through a drainage outlet.

Condensing-type boilers differ from conventional gas devices in the extreme degree of use of thermal energy. The heat generated by the condensation of water vapor is also used to heat the building, i.e. energy losses are minimized. When operating such boilers, savings of approximately 11-13% are achieved, and gas combustion efficiency can reach 107% (taking into account the heat from condensation of water vapor).

Pyrolysis heating boilers

Wood heating equipment in itself is quite profitable - but savings can be increased further by using a pyrolysis boiler, the installation of which creates a fairly economical heating system for a private home. In addition to economic benefits, such a boiler also reduces the frequency of laying firewood (regular boilers need to be heated every 2-4 hours, and pyrolysis boilers increase this time to 10-12 hours).

All this benefit is made possible by the fact that the fuel is burned in two stages. At first, firewood smolders slowly due to limited oxygen availability at high temperatures. Most of the fuel during combustion is processed into carbon monoxide and volatile hydrocarbons. Combustible gases enter the afterburning chamber, where oxygen ensures their complete combustion with decomposition into carbon dioxide and water.

Possible savings of up to 30% in these devices are achieved due to complete combustion of firewood and limited heat transfer. In conventional solid fuel boilers, the heating power is regulated by the blower damper, and this design does not allow the maximum use of the fuel resource - part of the potential heat simply escapes into the atmosphere.

Solid fuel boilers with heat accumulator

A standard solid fuel boiler can also be made quite economical by equipping it with a heat accumulator. The device of this design looks simple: the battery is an insulated container with pipes for connection to the heating system. The heat accumulator, as its name implies, accumulates the thermal energy generated by heating equipment.

The efficiency of the storage device largely depends on its volume - for example, a 3000-liter battery that has accumulated a sufficient amount of energy can independently heat a house with an area of 90 m2 throughout the day. The battery tank acts as a kind of jumper between the boiler and heating devices.

Savings are ensured due to the fact that the boiler operates in normal mode and produces maximum efficiency. Excess energy that is not currently required by the heating circuit remains in the heat accumulator and is used to maintain heating in the future. In addition to saving 10-30%, this design also allows you to reduce the number of fuel additions to the boiler.

Electric boilers with heat storage

Another option for economical heating of a private home is an electric boiler connected to a heat accumulator and operating as follows:

The buffer tank is located between the boiler and heating devices, dividing them into two circuits;
At night, the boiler starts up and heats the water in the tank;
During the day, the heat accumulated by the battery is used to heat the house.

Savings in this case become possible if the region has a night tariff, which is usually about 70% cheaper than the day rate.

Warm floor

Warm floors are economical heating for a country house, which can be installed in a number of ways:

Laying pipes in an insulated screed and supplying coolant to them;
Laying the heating cable under tiles into a layer of tile adhesive;
Laying film heaters for different types floor coverings(parquet, laminate, linoleum).

Warm floors, which provide complete heating of living spaces, turn out to be quite economical, regardless of the fuel used. Economical heating of the house when using such systems is ensured by reducing average temperature in the house while maintaining a comfortable atmosphere.

To understand this principle, it is worth comparing the temperature conditions of underfloor heating and traditional convection heating. In the latter case, the average temperature is about 25-26 degrees - approximately 22 degrees near the floor, and up to 30 degrees near the ceiling. Since such a temperature is simply not needed at the upper level, we can say that heat is wasted.

Any most economical heated floor primarily transfers heat to the lower level of the room - i.e. the temperature near the floor is still 22 degrees. The average temperature is reduced due to the fact that the space under the ceiling warms up to 16 degrees. This difference creates economical heating for the home.

Infrared heating

Another way to reduce the cost of heating a home involves the use of infrared heaters, which are available in several formats:

Heaters with a quartz tube, inside of which there is a high-temperature heating coil;
Film heaters that are installed under finishing walls or representing imitation of various interior objects;
Glass, metal and ceramic panel heaters.

The main difference between infrared devices is that they heat not the air, but the objects in the room. In order for savings when using IR heaters to be possible, they must be positioned correctly - for example, a device installed under the ceiling will heat the surfaces below. The result is a cheaper and less difficult to install analogue of heated floors.

Among the advantages infrared heating and the fact that it can warm people directly, and no energy is used to heat the mediator in the form of air. Due to this, the room temperature can be reduced to 14-15 degrees, and it will feel quite comfortable. With this heating option, you can save up to 40%.

Solar collectors

Unlike solar panels, collectors are designed to heat water. There are two forms solar collectors– flat and tubular. The most effective models These devices can process up to 85% of the energy received from sunlight - and this is a fairly high figure.

However, collectors also have a number of disadvantages. First of all, it is worth noting that solar collectors can only work during the daytime. In addition, even during the day, the efficiency of the device can vary depending on external conditions - cloudy weather significantly reduces the efficiency of the collector.

Savings when using these devices are achieved through solar energy - it is absolutely free, i.e. direct heating costs are zero. If we look at this issue from this angle, we can make the erroneous conclusion that solar collectors are the most profitable heating system possible. During a long sunny day, a collector battery with an area of 60 m2 produces up to 240 kW/h per day. Even a small collector under suitable weather conditions can significantly increase heating efficiency.

Of course, we can talk about noticeable economic benefits only under favorable climatic conditions - and for the domestic space this state of affairs is unusual. In addition, the cost of solar collectors is very high, and the refund process can take a long time. long years. When deciding which heating is the most economical in a private home in your case, you need to take all these nuances into account.

Heat pumps

Heat pumps require electricity to operate, but even so, they are a very economical option for heating a private home.

It's all about the principle of operation of such a device, which looks like this:

The compressor compresses freon, which is in a gaseous state. Increasing pressure converts freon into liquid and causes heating.
The heat generated by freon remains in the heat exchanger and is used to heat the building.
At a certain moment, the refrigerant reaches the expansion valve, and in this area it cools, and very sharply - the temperature of the freon instantly drops by several tens of degrees.
Entering the external heat exchanger, freon is heated by the environment.
The heated gas is again compressed in the compressor, and the working cycle is repeated.

The outside temperature should be lower than the air temperature in the house. Freon must be even colder when passing through the heat exchanger.

The heat source for a heat pump can be:

Street air(air heat pumps can operate at ambient temperatures down to -25 degrees);
Priming(the soil temperature at a level below the freezing depth is always above zero, which allows connecting a heat exchanger to it);
Water(the source of heat can be either an ice-free reservoir or groundwater).

Economical heating of a private house in the case of heat pumps is possible due to the fact that each kilowatt consumed by compressors allows pumping heating system several times more energy. These savings put heat pumps on par with wood boilers– and at the same time there is no inconvenience during operation, since the heat pump operates autonomously without any problems.

The savings compared to more conventional devices range from 3 to 6 times and vary depending on two parameters:

Temperature of the external heat exchanger, which directly affects the possibility of heat intake;
The temperature of the internal heat exchanger, the increase of which leads to a decrease in the heat transfer of the pump.

Most often, heat pumps are used in conjunction with heated floors or low-temperature radiator heating. The most popular are inverter air conditioners– air-type heat pumps. For a house with an area of 150 m2, four air conditioners with a total power of 14 kW will be sufficient. About 1,500 kW of electricity will be consumed per month for their operation.

Conclusion

This article discussed the most economical devices for heating a private home and ways to reduce heating costs. There are different ways to heat a country house, each of which has its own characteristic features, and choosing the most suitable option always individual.