Water is the most important source of human life. On the other hand, this engineering system, like water supply, is the primary condition for a comfortable life for household members, regardless of whether they live in the “urban jungle” or outside the city. Owners of modern cottages are familiar firsthand with the problem of water supply. This issue, regardless of its problematic nature, must be resolved at the stage of building a house. And we will tell you how to do this.
Calculation of water supply for a cottage
A person needs only 3 liters per day drinking water, however, he uses much more for household purposes - 120-250 liters. This is in particular the consumption when operating a washing and dishwasher s, when washing dishes and preparing food. Another 50-60 liters will be spent on a morning shower, and for taking a bath you can immediately write off 200 liters from your balance sheet. In addition, 50-70 liters are required to flush out waste products. Did you know that water consumption in a house, based on one person, reaches approximately 200-250 liters?
A family of four uses approximately 1 cubic meter of water per day in urban conditions. If we talk about the water supply system country cottage, then feel free to multiply the indicated number by 5. If someone thinks that water costs are high only within civilization, and that outside the city they can get by with less, they are very mistaken.
In a modern cottage, as in the city, a washing machine and dishwasher are used, there is a shower, a jacuzzi, and a sauna, which also requires a water supply, and sometimes even a huge swimming pool. In addition, supplying water to a decorative pond or fountain, watering the garden, lawn and greenhouses with flower beds, washing pets and cars are added to the above-described water costs. Thus, based on the calculation of the water supply of the cottage, the daily water consumption can reach 5 cubic meters.
Cottage water supply options
The water supply of a modern cottage is solved in two ways, so, first of all, you need to choose between centralized and autonomous water supply. Centralized water supply is carried out using central water supply and a water tower or pumping station. But I would like to warn you right away, if you take this step (centralized heating), then be prepared for low pressure and a constant lack of water, frequent interruptions in water supply, chlorinated water and high monthly payments for water.
Since your comfort depends on the constant and uninterrupted operation of the washing machine, dishwasher, shower and other amenities of civilization, it is better to think about an autonomous water supply, which is accomplished by three methods: using a well on your property, a private sand well or a private artesian well for water.
Unfortunately, the hydrogeology of our country is such that it is not possible to organize a water supply from a well in every area, since not everywhere there are water horizons within close reach when digging by hand. Due to man-made pollution of surface water in areas of dense private development, the quality of water in wells will be such that it is only suitable for watering flower beds. And, to be honest, traditional methods Water supply to a cottage using a well and a hose is no longer relevant in modern conditions.
The autonomous water supply system for a cottage must be reliable and efficient, and also allow for savings without compromising comfort. If you have a large cottage, it is wiser to install a water supply from an artesian well, since interlayer water will not be removed even in extreme heat, and the quality of water from a well is much higher than from a well.
In addition, the so-called human factor does not apply to water supply from a well. The well is drilled mechanically with a special drilling rig, the well is dug manually, so it is unknown how it will be dug. This source is capable of providing your family with unlimited quantities of water within the limits of its own productivity - about 3 cubic meters per hour. This amount of water is enough for household use, watering the plot and lawn, filling the pool and pond.
Water supply to your home from an artesian well is the most long-term solution to the problem in general; you will provide yourself with water for the rest of your life. It shouldn't bother you high price water supply for the cottage, since after spending once, you will use water for a long period (more than 50 years), and the use polymer technologies will extend the useful life of an artesian well up to 100 years. But there is one drawback of such a water supply - if inactive, the wells can silt up, but this does not threaten you and me, we live in the cottage all year round.
Do-it-yourself water supply for a cottage
Installation of a cottage water supply system includes the installation of such individual components as automated pumping stations that supply water, a hydraulic accumulator, external water supply networks, metering and input units, internal water supply, water purification systems, water heating equipment and pressure regulating stations.
Drilling a well “on limestone”
When supplying water to a cottage with your own hands, pay the main attention to designing a well, the water from which will be pumped out using submersible pump. As part of drawing up a water supply project for a cottage, calculate the approximate volume of water, clarify the location of the aquifer and determine the diameter and depth of the column. To supply water to a cottage, it is better to drill a well “for limestone” (up to 100 meters), since a well “for sand” has a limited lifespan (up to 15 years).
The diameter of the well “for limestone” reaches 300 millimeters, and the productivity is about 100 cubic meters at one o'clock. Also, when designing an artesian well, it is recommended to do a water analysis to optimize the use of filters and other water treatment equipment.
To drill an artesian well on your property, it is recommended to contact a city drilling company, as this is quite hard work. The cost of drilling one meter of soil will be approximately 1500 - 2000 rubles. Before signing a drilling contract, you should definitely clarify whether this organization issues passports for wells, which indicate all the necessary characteristics of the well (height and depth of the surface, flow rate).
To enable all-season operation of an artesian well, it must be supplemented with a caisson, which will protect it from the cold. Visually, it is a tank with a lid that is welded to casing pipe. The caisson is capable of providing constant positive temperatures in the area of the wellhead due to its depth below the freezing depth. The high tightness of this design will protect the well from sources of external contamination. It is better not to use concrete rings for this purpose, so as not to rack your brains about a reliable solution to the problem of sealing the structure.
Construction of an artesian well
You can do the well construction work yourself. It's about connection necessary equipment- immersing the pump, piping the well, connecting the automation. When choosing a pump for uninterrupted water supply to the house, remember that water is supplied from a well by a submersible model, and from a well by a surface pump. Although these two systems are identical in their terms ( pumping unit, pipeline and water supply management systems), it is not advisable to do the opposite!
You can choose a submersible pump for water supply to a cottage from a huge number of types of pumps. The most popular today are German pumps from the manufacturer Grundfos, and the Italian company Water Technics Inc. has also proven itself to be excellent. Having decided on the manufacturer, you need to select a pump model. For this purpose, calculate the performance and maximum possible pressure of the pump.
The main function of the hydraulic accumulator is to maintain constant pressure in the cottage water supply system and reduce the load on the pump. They differ only in the volume of water they hold. There are hydraulic tanks with a volume of 10 - 1000 liters. If the cottage is small with 3-5 taps, one bath and one toilet, then it is best to choose a hydraulic tank of 50-100 liters. If you are planning to equip a swimming pool at home and build fountains on the site, then you should invest in a large hydraulic accumulator.
The final stage of well development is the installation and configuration of automation systems. Such systems include a pressure switch and a control panel. A pressure switch is necessary to set the maximum and minimum pressure levels in the system. The remote control controls the automation, that is, turning the pump on and off, the operation of the thermal relay sensor, the “dry running” sensor and the pressure switch.
Even when installing the simplest water supply system for a cottage, it is recommended to use main-line fine water filters. Great importance has a special cable for drinking water for connecting a pump and a cable made of of stainless steel. Since all equipment for an artesian well takes up a lot of space, it needs protection from atmospheric influences, requires care and maintenance, so you need to arrange a special room, which is usually called a “pumping room”, based on its main purpose.
Installation of a yard main
After you have drilled and equipped a well, the question arises of ensuring the supply of water from the well to the cottage, for which purpose the water supply system is installed in the cottage, in the adjacent territory and in auxiliary buildings. The water supply of a modern cottage is distributed to the following premises: bathroom and toilet, kitchen, sauna, utility room, greenhouses, etc., where water supply is required.
Previously, the issue of water supply to a cottage was associated with a whole list of problems, since there were only metal pipes, which had many disadvantages. Metal pipes are susceptible to corrosion, and there is also a risk of freezing in the cold months. If corrosion occurs, the integrity of the pipe will be compromised, leaks will occur, and the pressure will decrease. In addition, as a result of freezing, the pipe may rupture from the inside due to ice.
But modern technologies allow these dangers to be avoided. As you know, plastic pipes are not susceptible to corrosion, and they also do not burst if they freeze, which gives them tangible advantages over metal ones. The high plasticity of the plastic pipe can significantly reduce the number of connections in the cottage water supply system, which reduces the time of pipeline installation.
For all-season use of water in your home, including winter, it is recommended to lay the pipeline from the well to the cottage below the freezing depth, since such pipes can become deformed when freezing, which can affect the serviceability of the pump. Therefore, you need to pay attention to the insulation of the outer part of the water supply system, and to lay pipes it is necessary to dig trenches, which have a depth of 1.6 meters. also in last years gained wide popularity plastic pipes, which have a heat-insulating coating.
In addition, it is possible to complete the pipes using a heating cable, because even a pipeline laid according to all the rules at a depth of two meters using pipe insulation cannot guarantee that the water in the pipe will not freeze in severe frosts. By the way, most often water freezes in that part of the pipeline where it passes directly through the foundation of the cottage and rises through the unheated underground into the living space.
A self-regulating heating cable is able to maintain the water temperature in the pipeline at the proper level. If the cottage does not have a heated basement floor, it is imperative to use a heating cable! In addition, electricity consumption will be minimal - an average of 16 W/m. The price of a heating cable, including sealed ends and a plug, will be approximately 330-350 rubles per meter.
It is necessary to select the diameter of the pipes, taking into account the volume of water intake from the source and SNiP standards. The most common are pipelines that have a flow rate of 0.03 - 0.12 cubic meters per second and an outer pipe diameter of 32 to 63 centimeters. It is best to enter the pipeline into the cottage through the basement. Also at this stage you need to carry out installation sewer pipes from main sewer main to the foundation of the cottage.
Internal water supply network
Before installing indoor water supply, it is necessary to develop a water supply scheme for a cottage inside the home, which in most cases consists of the following components: plumbing, pipelines, mixers, devices for heating water and creating hot water supply, shut-off and control valves, as well as distribution net.
It is recommended to lay water supply pipes lower electrical wires and gas supply pipes, pipes with hot water should always be above the cold pipes. Pipes are usually laid in a floor screed, sometimes in a wall, and the distributor is installed in a special cabinet. The connection between the point of consumption and the distributor is made from one piece of pipe. This reduces the possibility of leaks to a minimum.
Pipes must be protected from mechanical damage, so the sections that are laid in the floor should be placed in protective pipe. The passage of pipes through ceilings and walls must be carried out in protective couplings. If such pipes lead from a garage or boiler room, then these connections must be made gas-tight.
The cottage water supply system requires shut-off valves. It is recommended that each washbasin, sink, shower, bathtub or group of these appliances have separate valves - for example, one for appliances installed in the kitchen, and another for appliances in the bathroom. Thanks to this, when replacing a faucet or gasket, you will not need to drain the water from the entire water supply system of the cottage.
In the cottage water supply system, a mechanical mesh filter must be installed immediately after the pump or water meter. The device is capable of “catching” large solid particles: rust or sand, thanks to which faucets, filters and other installations that are installed in the internal water supply system will be protected. The filter capacity must correspond to the total volume of water that flows through the system.
Filters can capture particles of different diameters. It is better to choose a device that traps particles larger than 90 µm. Filters with larger meshes, which trap smaller contaminants, create too much resistance to water flow. At times, the cottage water supply system also requires the installation of filters that prepare the water; this will depend on its quality.
Most often, water that is extracted from greater depths from under layers that do not allow water to pass through contains a lot of magnesium, manganese, lime and iron. If desired, you can install a high-tech water treatment system, which is based on the ion exchange process and membrane technologies. Such purification schemes are a complex system, where various equipment is installed constructively in the form of a single module, which ensures complete comprehensive water purification and disinfection.
Also at this stage it is necessary to install an internal sewerage system that collects wastewater from each plumbing fixture. These are sinks, sinks, toilets, installation points for dishwashers and washing machines, floor drains, showers and bathtubs.
Hot water supply for the cottage
Of course, to increase the comfort of life, hot water supply to the cottage is required. Hot water modern cottage can be supplied from a boiler, but in this case a separate heating circuit is required, or from a water heater. But the main energy used to heat water is electricity, but solid fuel(coal and firewood) are practically not used today, alternative sources, for example, solar collectors are developing dynamically in our time, but have not yet become widespread.
Water heating equipment can be storage or flow-through type; according to the method of arrangement, it is divided into floor-mounted and wall-mounted. Principle of operation instantaneous water heater lies in the fact that the water that passes through the body is heated. Flow-through equipment also includes electric water heaters that heat water using a non-insulated spiral or heating element.
Water heaters electric type They can be non-pressure for one water intake point and pressure - connected to several water intake points, with electrical or hydraulic control. It is economically and practically expedient to include two different water heating devices in the hot water supply system in order to save on energy costs and uninterrupted use of hot water.
Thus, the water supply of a cottage is an important issue even at the construction stage. The main factors that determine the cost of installing a water supply for a cottage or country house are: the amount of water required to meet the needs of the homeowner, his family and household, the conditions for using the water supply system and the parameters of the water well.
One of the conditions for a comfortable country life is a reliable water supply in the cottage. Because the central water supply outside the city - a rather rare occurrence; the owner of the site has to decide on his own the issue of establishing an autonomous water supply system. Water supply to a private home from a well is one of the most convenient ways to ensure everyday comfort.
To set up a water supply system from a well, you can use both sand and artesian sources. With the help of a sand well it is easy to solve the issue of water supply in the area. summer cottage, at which the water consumption on average does not exceed 1.5 cubic meters/hour. This volume is enough for a small house.
The main advantages of a sand well are the speed of construction, low cost of construction and the possibility of construction without the use of special large-sized construction equipment
But for a country cottage where they live all year round, a sand well is far from the best choice. The depth of aquifers when constructing such wells does not exceed 50 meters, which is not a guarantee of water purity. Although the water in a sand well is cleaner than a well, it can contain all kinds of impurities and aggressive compounds. The reason for this is the close location of the sandy aquifer relative to surface waters. The well's productivity is relatively small (about 500 liters on average), and its service life is short - about 10 years.
The best option is an artesian well, which is installed at a depth of 100 meters or more. The main advantage of such a well is an unlimited supply of water. High Quality. Such a well is capable of producing up to 10 cubic meters per hour. This is enough to provide water to a large area with a house. And the service life of such a source, even with active use, can exceed more than half a century.
The water, located at a considerable depth, is filtered and purified naturally. Thanks to this, it does not contain impurities and pathogenic bacteria harmful to the human body.
If a sand well can be drilled and equipped with your own hands, then when installing an artesian well it is necessary to involve specialists. Although the cost of drilling an artesian well is quite high, it is not worth saving on it. This stage of work must be entrusted to professional drillers who, depending on the composition of the rocks underlying the site, will determine the aquifer and equip the well according to all the rules of drilling technology. Thanks to a professional approach when constructing a well, you will save yourself from a number of problems with the system during operation.
Equipment for arranging a water supply system
The technology for arranging water supply from a well with your own hands depends on the depth of the source and its characteristics.
An autonomous water supply scheme can be developed using the services of specialists, or you can take a suitable ready-made option from the network
One of key elements in the arrangement of the water supply system on the site is, which will ensure uninterrupted rise and supply of water to the house from the well. To set up an autonomous well, it is enough to install a unit with a diameter of 3 or 4″, equipped additional protection from "dry running". This will prevent overheating and damage to the pump if the minimum water level in the source is reached.
The technology of water supply from a well also involves the installation of a plastic or metal tank - a caisson, which is placed so as to have free access to it, but at the same time prevent the ingress of dirt or water from the external environment. It is necessary for the well and its further monitoring during operation.
When installing a water supply from a well to a house, pipes with a diameter of 25-32 mm made of metal-plastic are most often used - polymer material, which bends easily and has high stability to the development of corrosion.
Water pipes are laid from the source to the house, buried below the freezing level of the soil (at least 30-50 cm)
Options for autonomous water supply from a well
Having a shallow well on the site, if the water level in the source allows, install or hand pump. The essence automated system consists in the fact that under the action of a submersible pump, water is pumped into a hydropneumatic tank, the capacity of which can vary from 100 to 500 liters.
When working with a shallow sand well, the best option is to install an automated water supply system that will ensure uninterrupted water supply to the house
The water storage tank itself is separated by a rubber membrane and a relay, thanks to which the water pressure in the tank is regulated. When the tank is full, the pump is turned off; if water is consumed, a signal is received to turn on the pump and pump out water. This means that the pump can operate both directly, supplying water to the system, and after reducing the pressure in the system to a certain level, in order to replenish the “reserves” of water in the hydropneumatic tank. The receiver itself (hydraulic tank) is placed in any convenient location at home, most often in the utility room.
A trench is laid from the caisson to the place where the pipe enters the house, at the bottom of which a water pipe is laid and electrical cable to power the pump. If possible, it is better to purchase an electric heating cable, which, in addition to its intended purpose, will protect the water pipe from freezing.
Method #2 - with installation of a deep-well pump
With this method of water supply deep well pump pumps water from the well into a storage tank, which is placed on an elevated point in the house.
Most often, the place for arrangement storage tank located in one of the rooms on the second floor of the house, or in the attic. When placing the container in the attic, to prevent water from freezing in winter months, the walls of the tank must be insulated
By placing the tank on a hill, the effect of a water tower is created, in which, due to the height difference between the hydraulic tank and the connection points, pressure arises when 1 m of water column is equal to 0.1 atmosphere. The tank can be made of stainless steel or food-grade plastic. Capacity volume – from 500 to 1500 liters. The larger the volume of the tank, the greater the supply of water: in the event of a power outage, it will flow by gravity to the tap.
Installing a limit float switch will allow the pump to automatically turn on when the water level in the tank drops.
Deep pumps are used in cases where the distance to the water level in the well exceeds 9 meters or more
When choosing a pump, you should take into account the productivity of the well. Despite the fact that the power of the unit will only affect the speed of filling the water storage tank, when choosing a unit it is better to start from the mark of the maximum water flow into the house.
The deep pump, along with the electric cable and pipe, is lowered into the well, suspended on a galvanized cable using a winch, which is installed inside the caisson. To maintain the required pressure in the system and prevent water from being pumped back into the well, a check valve is placed above the pump.
After installing all elements of the system, all that remains is to check the internal wiring to the connection points and connect the equipment to the control panel.
the total cost automatic system water supply is about 3000-5000 dollars. It depends on the depth of the source, the type of pump and the number of water intake points inside the house. From 30% to 50% of this amount goes to the engineering arrangement of the system, the rest of the costs goes to elements that determine the level of living comfort.
Borehole pump and its piping for a domestic well:
When choosing between centralized and autonomous water supply for a private home, many choose the latter. After all, in small populated areas and holiday villages, the water pressure with centralized supply is unstable. During rush hour, it can drop to such an extent that water heating equipment stops working. In addition, there is a high probability that the water will become chlorinated, and the bills for the water supply of the cottage will constantly increase.
Where to start, what equipment to buy?
Many summer residents, who come to their plots only on weekends, limit themselves to developing upper aquifers to ensure their irrigation. However, in houses where people live permanently, it is advisable not to provide water from a well, but to take care of more reliable sources. Experts recommend drilling to an artesian source, the water in which never freezes, does not dry out even in dry summers, and has an excellent taste. In addition, with the almost universal contamination of the soil with fertilizers and pesticides, they can easily penetrate into the perched water, but thanks to the waterproof layers they will never reach the artesian horizon.
So, first it is necessary to properly equip it, equip a pumping station. Only then can you begin installation inside the cottage. For this, in addition to drilling equipment, you will need:
- a metal or plastic tank (volume - about 1500 l) to create a caisson;
- submersible pump or pumping station;
- mechanical cleaning filter;
- check valve;
- automation unit;
- pipeline fittings (pipes, adapters, fittings, etc.).
Equipment intended for installation indoors is purchased after the detailed diagram internal water supply. This includes:
- pipes;
- distribution manifolds;
- a tank made of food-grade plastic or stainless steel from which water will be distributed inside the house (hydraulic accumulator);
- flexible connection to the hydraulic accumulator;
- Check Valve;
- valves (drain and shut-off);
- pressure gauge;
- pressure switch;
- filters for iron removal and water softening;
- device for heating water;
- plumbing equipment.
What is a caisson for?
The drilling process requires a certain level of training. If developed incorrectly, the well will quickly silt, become covered with sand and cease to function. In addition, when drilling, it is necessary to constantly ensure that water from the upper aquifers does not reach the level from which water will be withdrawn in the future. To do this, as you deepen, you need to casing.
A constant temperature at the depth of the artesian horizon does not guarantee that in severe winters water will not freeze at the mouth of improperly equipped wells. To prevent this from happening, a caisson is installed, deepening it below the freezing point. The entire structure, especially its head, is carefully sealed, which provides protection from external contamination: both incoming water and the entire aquifer.
The submersible pump is selected based on the needs of the family, taking into account the fact that several sources of water can operate simultaneously: shower, washing machine, faucet in the kitchen. If the construction of a swimming pool, watering of large plantations and other large resource costs are not expected, water supply from a well can be carried out using a pump with a capacity of 2-4 m 2 / h.
An electrical cable and a water pipe are connected to the pump. The entire system is lowered to the dynamic water level (that is, the steady level when the pump is running). It should be suspended on a galvanized cable. The winch for lifting the structure is located inside the caisson. Install above the pump strainer, and above it there is a check valve that will not let the already raised water back into the well. Thus, the valve allows you to maintain constant pressure and ensure uninterrupted water supply.
The outer section of the water supply should be located at a depth of 1.5-2 m and run under the foundation. It must be thoroughly insulated, not only to avoid freezing, but also to ensure that the water does not get too hot in hot weather. As for the automation unit and fine filters, they can also be placed indoors. Next, inside the cottage, water is supplied to the hydraulic accumulator.
Compact pumping station
A device that combines a pump and a set of equipment for its normal functioning is called a pumping station. It is used for water supply from a well in large volumes (3-8 m2/h) and allows water to be raised to a height of up to 60 m.
The station is very compact, weighs about 30 kg, but it must be installed only in warm rooms. This can be either the main building or a special extension in which a positive temperature is constantly maintained.
Unlike a submersible pump, only the hose leading to the station is lowered into the well or well. The filter and check valve included in the kit must be installed on it. The valve will not allow water to flow back after the pump is turned off and will protect it from running dry.
Pipes leading to the station, and then from it to the house, must be laid below the freezing depth of the soil. The station is connected to the electrical network, and the pressure pipe is connected to the water supply system.
The pumping station kit includes a tank designed, depending on the model, for 25-50 liters of water. It acts as a hydraulic accumulator, eliminating the need to install a bulky container in the attic.
The second part of the tank contains pressurized air. Thanks to this, the water supply will be able to function for some time even during a power outage. Depending on the pressure level, the automation turns the pump on or off.
Before you buy a pumping station high power, it is necessary to carry out a hydrological study of the aquifer and determine what its productivity is.
If it turns out to be insufficient, at some point the well may temporarily dry up. Then it will come out of the tap dirty water, mixed with soil and bottom silt. Because of this, the station will have to be turned off for a while and wait until the water level is restored.
How to ensure proper water circulation in the room?
When purchasing a filter, you need to make sure that its performance is designed for the maximum volume of water used. Filter rough cleaning must have a cell designed to retain particles above 90 µm. A smaller mesh will significantly increase the resistance to fluid flow. Better later Install additional filters inside the cottage that will improve the quality of water and remove unnecessary impurities from it. Before this, of course, you need to do a laboratory analysis of it.
To autonomous system water supply functioned uninterruptedly, the hydraulic accumulator must be located above the points from which water will be collected.
It functions on the same principle as water tower, supplying water to taps even in the event of a power outage. The minimum volume of the tank used as a hydraulic accumulator can be 10 liters, the maximum - 1500 liters. If the attic of the house is chosen as the location of the tank, care should be taken to provide additional thermal insulation for the tank.
Thanks to the rubber membrane and relay that the hydraulic accumulator is equipped with, the pump is automatically turned on and off. The pump turns on when a tap opens and the water pressure decreases. It can supply water to the cottage either directly or by filling the tank to a specified level. If the water level drops below this mark, the limit float switch will start the pump again. This design increases the service life of the pump and also protects the water supply and equipment from water hammer.
Automatic shutdown can also occur in the case when, with a large draw of water, its level is lower than the pump immersed in the well. Its cooling during operation is carried out precisely with the help of water: both the one in which it is immersed and the one that is pumped. The automation is activated to protect the equipment, since dry running leads to its damage. In order for the system to operate without interruption, it is logical to choose a container with a volume of at least 500 liters as a hydraulic accumulator, providing a sufficient supply of water.
Construction of the internal water supply network
Piping inside the house is carried out in the same way as when supplying water from the city network. Its source is in this case is a hydraulic accumulator. Water pipes must be lower than electric wires and gas pipes, and pipes with hot water - above pipes with cold water. Since the water supply to the house is carried out by gravity, it is advisable to install shut-off valves for each source of consumption: sink, washbasin, shower or bath. If there is a need to repair any of the devices, you will not need to deprive the entire cottage of water and drain it from the water supply network.
Currently, more and more people prefer not metal, but plastic pipes. They are not subject to corrosion and are very plastic, which reduces the number of joints. A metal pipe can burst even if it partially freezes, but it will not harm a plastic product that has a heat-insulating coating. This is especially important when the water supply to the house is not limited to the main building, but is also supplied to other buildings: greenhouses, bathhouses, swimming pools.
A separate connection is made to the water heating equipment. It comes in two types - flow type and storage type. The heating source is electricity or gas. Storage-type equipment uses a boiler, which is usually included in the kit. It is necessary to equip a separate heating circuit for it. With the help of flow-type equipment, hot water supply to the cottage is carried out directly, since the water is heated when passing through the body of such a device. Then all that remains is to make the wiring hot water to those sources of consumption where it is needed.
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To organize water supply for a private house from a well, the equipment installation scheme must take into account daily water consumption, the depth of the aquifer, and the distance of the source from the cottage. The main problems of autonomous water supply are: stabilization of pressure in pipes, choice pumping equipment, placing it at the mouth or inside the dwelling.
Water supply to the house from a well
Features of water supply from a well
The main differences between a well and a well are the following nuances:
- the possibility of drawing water from several horizons - high water, sandy, artesian horizons;
- reliable sealing of the mouth - it is much easier to protect a small hole in the ground from debris, precipitation;
- greater depths - more powerful energy-dependent equipment is used, in case of an emergency power outage a backup generator is needed;
- a caisson - a pit 1.5 - 2.5 m deep at the mouth is necessary for inserting a pressure line, which must be located below the freezing mark, for placing equipment.
Related article:
If you plan to supply water to a private house from a well, the scheme must take into account several factors:
- operating mode– in periodically used dwellings (dachas), heating is turned on sporadically, so it is necessary to provide a slope for regular drainage of liquid from all internal circuits (winter water supply);
- source characteristics– only artesian wells have a maximum resource (50 years), the water from them requires almost no filtration, does not contain sand impurities that are harmful to deep/surface pumps;
- operating conditions– depending on the ratio of well flow/daily water consumption, different schemes wiring so that there is enough water during peak hours;
- source location– unlike a well, there is experience in operating wells inside a building ( ground floor, underground), which simplifies maintenance and reduces the budget for water supply construction.
Helpful advice! Purchasing filtration and special equipment (softeners, iron removers) without consulting a specialist or laboratory analysis of fluid from a well is wasted money. In practical conditions, coarse and fine filters are sufficient.
Review of options, schemes, pros and cons
The principle of home plumbing is extremely simple - a pump is installed in a well or on the surface, supplying liquid to the cold water supply system, hot water supply system, and for irrigation. However, there are problems:
- to maintain stable pressure in the pipeline, the pump must operate constantly when any tap inside the house is opened, which causes increased wear and tear on the equipment;
- when there is a power outage, there is no water supply;
- the pump power may not be enough for several consumers;
- pumping equipment needs to be placed somewhere.
Therefore, the diagram includes the elements:
- source – well “on sand” or artesian type;
- pump – deep centrifugal or surface;
- caisson - a pit at the mouth for placing equipment, inserting a pressure line below the soil freezing level;
- check valve – protects against spontaneous flow of water back into the well when the pumping equipment is turned off;
- hydraulic accumulator - an expansion tank with membranes inside it that respond to changes in pressure in the pressure line;
- filtration equipment – performs the function of removing impurities to improve water quality;
- automation systems - pressure switches, devices that monitor the presence of water inside the pump.
System elements
A budget option is to supply water to a private house from a well, the scheme of which includes a storage tank located at the highest point of the building (attic). The best option for most cottages is to use a pumping station, which also includes a hydraulic accumulator.
If the well's flow rate is insufficient during peak loads, it has a depth of more than 50 m or is located far from the building, you will have to choose a two-stage scheme that has the maximum resource for construction and operation. only on the pressure line after the pump, otherwise the pump may fail if the cartridges become clogged.
Tower system
For tower water supply to a private house from a well, the diagram looks like this:
- pump – fills a container located in the attic, the volume of which is sufficient to supply all consumers during peak hours, water flows into the taps and boiler by gravity;
- expansion tank – does not have additional equipment or equipped float switch, after filling, the pump turns off, as the liquid is consumed, the level decreases, the equipment turns on again.
This a budget option, however, the tank requires space, head/pressure in internal contours DHW and cold water supply are not stable.
Pumping station
The water supply system for a private house from a well with a pumping station is more convenient to use:
When the pressure in the pressure line decreases when the tap is opened, the relay is activated, the pump pumps water into the accumulator. After stretching the membrane, the pump turns off, the pressure in the cold water and hot water pipes equalizes itself.
Two stage feed
If the power of the pumping station is not enough during peak water flow, an expansion tank with a float switch is installed after it. The pump fills the container, turns off, and the next pressure-type pump is installed after the reservoir. The hydraulic accumulator is installed after it according to a similar scheme.
Thanks to expansion tank the system flow increases to the required level.
Winter water supply
The problem of water drainage is relevant, not only during periodic operation of the water supply system in the home, but also during repair work. Therefore, even in permanent residence cottages, a winter water supply scheme is used.
To achieve this, all system circuits are sloped for gravity drainage of liquid. Check valve on the suction pipe prevents water from flowing back. In addition, the volume of the well does not allow drainage into it. a large number of liquids.
Therefore, it crashes into the lower part of the system sewer pipe, during repair work or conservation of the water supply between visits to the dacha in winter, the water is drained into a separate shambo.
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Plumbing installation technology
After the daily water consumption has been calculated, a water supply diagram for a private house from a well has been drawn up, the cross-section of pipes and the characteristics of the pumping station have been selected, and installation is carried out. The technology looks like:
- making a source - drilling a sand or artesian well inside a house or on a site, installing a casing pipe;
- construction of a caisson - a well at the mouth with a depth below the freezing mark, with a diameter sufficient for placement and maintenance of equipment, the upper part is covered with a hatch, decorated in landscape design;
- installation of equipment - pumping station, filters;
