On October 15, 1959, USSR KGB agent Bogdan Stashinsky liquidated the ideologist and theorist of Ukrainian nationalism Stepan Bandera.
On October 15, 1959, an agent of the State Security Committee (KGB) of the USSR Bohdan Stashinsky eliminated the leader of the Revolutionary Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, head of the OUN Provod, ideologist and theorist of Ukrainian nationalism Stepan Bandera. 56 years later, Bandera has become a cult character for modern Ukraine - and all the crimes against humanity that this figure of Ukrainian nationalism committed were forgotten in a territory that also suffered from Nazi atrocities. For some, Bandera is a myth, an ideologically attractive hero of the struggle for independence; for others, he is a bloody executioner, a terrorist and the initiator of massacres on the territory of Ukraine. People's News delved into the thickets of the history of the Great Patriotic War.
Biography of the Devil
Stepan Andreevich Bandera was born on January 1, 1909 in the family of a Greek Catholic priest, and from an early age he was committed to the church. According to contemporaries, the future leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists began to prepare for the “struggle for the freedom of Ukraine” - secretly from adults, torturing himself and performing rituals of self-flagellation, preparing for torture. These exercises did not bring Bandera anything except rheumatism of the joints, from which the future nationalist had to suffer all his life.
"Careerist. Fanatic. Bandit” - this is how employees of the Abwehr, the military intelligence of the Third Reich, later characterized Bandera. A member of the Ukrainian Military Organization and the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), the regional leader of the OUN in Western Ukrainian lands and the organizer of a number of terrorist acts, Bandera always possessed leadership qualities– and unbearable ambitions. These ambitions did not prevent him from causing a split in the organization of Ukrainian nationalists - in 1940 he created the Revolutionary Wire of the OUN and formally left the subordination of the OUN Wire.
After the German attack on the USSR and the occupation of Lvov, following Wehrmacht units, fighters of the Nachtigal battalion, consisting of OUN(b) fighters, entered the city. On the same day, the leadership of Bandera’s followers announced the “Act of Revival of the Ukrainian State,” which announced the creation of “a new Ukrainian state on the motherland Ukrainian lands.” In Lviv and throughout Western Ukraine, persecution of Jews and Poles began, and Bandera himself led the Lviv pogroms while in Krakow. According to the surviving photographic documents, it was clear that the whole of Lviv was covered with posters “Glory to Hitler! Glory to Bandera!
Despite the fact that Bandera collaborated with Germany against Moscow, the German leadership reacted extremely negatively to the initiatives of Ukrainian nationalists: Bandera, along with other OUN figures, was arrested by the German authorities for attempting to proclaim an independent Ukrainian state. In 1942, Bandera was sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, from where he was released by the Nazis in September 1944. From there, he continued to lead the OUN(b) until their liberation in early September 1944 by the Germans, who hoped to widely use the OUN(b) and UPA 1 in the losing war against the USSR.
Already in post-war emigration, the leader of the Bandera movement became the leader of the OUN Provod and very authoritative in the camp of Ukrainian emigrants. Bandera initiated the organizational formation of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Peoples (ABN) - the coordination center of anti-communist political organizations of emigrants from the USSR and other countries of the socialist camp. Bandera repeatedly rushed to Ukraine to take part in the underground work organized on the territory of Ukraine by Roman Shukhevych. However, the odious plans of the ideologist of Ukrainian nationalism failed to come true: on October 15, 1959, Bandera was killed by KGB agent Bogdan Stashinsky. As reported in historical materials, Stashinsky eliminated Bandera using a syringe pistol with potassium cyanide on the stairs in the house where the ideologist of Ukrainian nationalism was hiding under an assumed name.
Metamorphosis of Bandera - from traitor to “heroes”
50 years after his liquidation, Bandera remains a “hero for the independence of Ukraine” - at least for that part of Ukrainian society that happily accepted the new vector of development of the state. The day of the creation of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) - October 14 - is now celebrated in Ukraine as a public holiday, Defender of the Fatherland Day. This year, a “march of heroes” took place in Kyiv, the basis of which was made up of activists of the Right Sector banned in Russia 1 and members of the All-Ukrainian Association “Svoboda”. And here, the main hero of the action again turned out to be Stepan Bandera: flags of the OUN(b) and UPA filled Kyiv, and at the head of the column demonstrators carried a poster with the inscription: “Bandera is our hero. Intercession is our holiday."
As political scientist and publicist Stanislav Byshok told People's News, such worship of the name, such glorification of the image of Bandera - in life, a far from unambiguous character in Ukrainian history - is somewhat similar to the mythologization of the image of the leader of the world proletariat, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
“I would draw an analogy here with Lenin: if you take the best monuments to Lenin, which have not yet been demolished, and his real figure as a person, then there will be quite little in common between these two things. The same thing happens with Bandera: in life he was an evil person, with sadistic components of his personality that manifested themselves in childhood, a dominant person, outwardly very ugly, frail, and short in stature. At the same time, by and large, he did not take part in the war, but he gave orders for mass murders, says Stanislav Byshok in an interview with People's News.
“This image, which is now being introduced through educational channels, through means mass media- he is completely different: this is a man who allegedly devoted his whole life to the cause of the struggle for the liberation of Ukraine from various occupiers: the Poles, the Soviet Union, the Germans. And people, seeing this image - even those who recently began to perceive Bandera as a hero, see only this image, without going into details.”
The historical truth about Stepan Bandera, as Stanislav Byshok notes, is largely kept silent: in order to adjust the image to the ideological vector, Ukrainian nationalists mercilessly and loudly declare either historical falsification or the lack of knowledge of already proven facts.
“As for the details, they are generally accepted - both his sadistic inclinations and his direct collaboration with Nazi Germany. But at the same time, all these facts are often hidden, the political scientist notes. - You can often hear from ideological Ukrainian nationalists that half of these facts were invented Soviet Union, another half is distorted. And in general there is nothing wrong with collaborating with the Nazis, because it was allegedly in any case better than the Soviet Union. It is in this paradigm that Banderaism exists today in the mass consciousness of modern Ukraine.”
Bandera as a myth of modern Ukraine
However, what is “Banderaism” for modern Ukraine, and how does the ideological vector in which the history of the Bandera movement exists develop? According to the Narodnye Novosti expert, Ukraine needed to prove the legitimacy of the creation of a state separate from the USSR. For this purpose, the most dubious personalities of Ukrainian history were taken and ideologicalized to give the proper flair to the fight against Russia.
“Ukraine, in order to feel and prove to others that it is an independent state that has a longer history than 24 years after the Ukrainian SSR and the collapse of the Soviet Union, needed a myth on which its legitimacy is built,” emphasized Stanislav Byshok. - And what kind of myth of Ukraine could be created, if we take into account the dominant idea that “Ukraine is not Russia”? It is necessary to collect any elements from history – including dubious ones, like Bandera, who, one way or another, fought against Russia.”
However, as Stanislav Byshok notes, the figure of Stepan Bandera is by no means the only one in the pantheon of Ukrainian nationalism, which is being nurtured now, in the wake of the intensification of the ideological vector and propaganda. In the light of the struggle with Russia, any historical realities of the Ukrainian state are understood, including those that should be remembered as examples of collaboration and betrayal.
“In the same paradigm, Hetman Mazepa is understood and accepted, who was a traitor from head to toe, who betrayed everyone he could and several times. However, in the pantheon of Ukrainian nationalists, Hetman Mazepa is considered one of key elements- because he not only betrayed people and robbed, but also fought with Russia at some stage,” the political scientist noted.
“Bandera is the element closest to us in time, which, in the context of its struggle, fought with the Soviet Union militarily and politically,” Stanislav Byshok said in an interview with Narodnye Novosti. - And all the historical characters who fought with Muscovy, with the empire, with the USSR and now, with present-day Russia, are heroes. Take, for example, the same murdered and popularized “Sashko Bily”: what is his heroism? And the heroism of “Sashko Bily” lies not in the fact that he was on the Maidan - but in the fact that he fought in the First Chechen war on the side of the Dudayevites against the Russian military.”
1 Extremist organization whose activities are prohibited on the territory of the Russian Federation
On the first day of each new year, torchlight processions take place in the cities and towns of Western Ukraine. People take to the streets to honor the memory of Stepan Bandera, the most controversial figure in modern Ukrainian history. Many consider him a real hero who gave his life for the independence of the country, others consider him a criminal and traitor, because of whom thousands of people died. He himself did not have to kill people, but his supporters, who blindly obeyed orders, post-war years carried out genuine terror in the western regions of Ukraine.
Stepan Bandera was born in Stary Ugrinov in 1909. In the documents about the place of his birth there is a record of a no longer existing state ─ the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, which was then integral part Austro-Hungarian Empire. Stepan Bandera is destined to absorb the ideology of Ukrainian nationalism from childhood. His father, Greek Catholic priest Andrei Bandera, firmly believed in the implementation of the then pipe dream─ Ukraine gaining independence.
During the First World War, Galicia became a gigantic battlefield. My father, having been submitted to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, went to fight at the front. After the defeat of the Austrians in the war, he became a member of the parliament of the independent Western Ukrainian People's Republic and joined the Ukrainian militia ─ the Galician Army, the predecessor of future armed formations of Ukrainian nationalists. Stepan Bandera met the end of the war with relatives in the city of Stryi near Lvov. Western Ukraine came under Polish rule and my father, who served as a chaplain in the Galician army that fought against the Poles, had to hide from the occupation authorities for some time.
At the age of twelve, Stepan Bandera entered into underground organization Ukrainian schoolchildren. Thus began his journey into politics and the struggle for independence, which lasted almost 40 years, most of which he would have to spend in captivity or in an illegal position. He can safely be called a fanatic or obsessed with an idea. Even as a child, he began to prepare himself for future difficult trials.
Stepan Bandera often went with scouts on long forest hikes, played sports, and in winter he hardened himself in the cold by dousing himself with water. He overdid it a little. From hypothermia he will develop rheumatism in his legs, from which he will suffer greatly throughout his life. In the post-war years, Poland began to pursue a policy of forced assimilation in Ukrainian territories, supporting the resettlement of Poles in Western Ukraine. So the Polish authorities became the main enemy for Ukrainian nationalists.
In 1927, Stepan Bandera joined the Ukrainian Military Organization, and 2 years later he found himself in the newly organized Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). While studying at the Lviv Polytechnic to become an agronomist, he devoted all his free time to underground activities. Throughout his life, Bandera had many nicknames ─ Fox, Gray, Kruk, Baba, Rykh. In those years, he wrote a lot for illegal newspapers, signing the pseudonym Matvey Gordon.
The life of an underground worker is the same in all countries and at any time. Secret meetings, posting leaflets, distributing illegal newspapers, propaganda among the masses, organizing strikes and boycotts of elections - he had to do all this. The active young nationalist was quickly noticed. In 1933, he was appointed “regional guide” ─ head of the regional organization of the OUN.
Stepan Bandera nationality
The political struggle gradually became radicalized. Ukrainians began to take up arms. In 1932, Stepan Bandera was trained in sabotage methods at a German intelligence school in Danzig. Thus began his collaboration with the German authorities, who in those years were trying to cultivate an internal enemy for neighboring unfriendly Poland. In 1933, the OUN decided to eliminate the Minister of Internal Affairs of Poland, Bronislaw Peracki.
The organization of the operation was personally led by Stepan Bandera. In mid-June 1934, in Warsaw, the Polish minister was shot by OUN member Grigory Matseiko. He managed to successfully leave both the crime scene and Poland, but the organizer of the action was unlucky. They were all arrested, including Stepan Bandera. A court in Warsaw found him guilty and sentenced him to death by hanging. During the trial, Bandera was removed from the courtroom several times for shouting “Long live Ukraine.” The death penalty was replaced with life imprisonment. In prison, Stepan Bandera showed himself to be a very restless prisoner, constantly participating in protest hunger strikes. From there, he continued to lead the activities of the OUN in Western Ukraine.
In addition to Poland, the gaze of Ukrainian nationalists often turned to the east. In the early 1930s, famine broke out in Soviet Ukraine due to crop failures. Ukrainians often call those events the “Holodomor,” still considering it artificially inspired by Stalin’s circle. Stepan Bandera shared the same views. He decided to take revenge on the Soviet authorities for the “mockery” of the Ukrainian people.
In the fall of 1933, the secretary of the USSR Consulate in Lvov, Alexey Mailov, died at the hands of a sent one. With this event, the war of Bandera and the OUN against the USSR began. The release of the prisoner was helped by the outbreak of the Second World War. He met her at Brest Fortress. The Poles housed a maximum security prison within its walls. As Soviet troops approached, moving to the West according to the Molotov-Ribbentropp plan, the prison guards fled. Stepan Bandera immediately headed home to Lviv. These were several months that he lived under Soviet rule, naturally, in an illegal situation. If the NKVD had arrested him then, he would have rotted in Kolyma or even been immediately shot in the basement, but Bandera managed to secretly cross the border and get out into the territory occupied by Germany.
Bandera movement
Poland disappeared from the map of Europe. Western Ukraine was divided between Germany and the USSR. The enemy for Bandera has changed. Germany took Poland's place. While he was in prison, big changes took place in the OUN. The former leader, Evgen Konovalets, was blown up by a bomb in Rotterdam. Andrey Melnik laid claim to unconditional leadership. Their meeting took place in Italy. Stepan Bandera demanded that Melnik stop all contacts with Germany. He refused. The OUN split into two parts. Bandera headed the OUN (Bandera movement).
Actually, after a quarrel between the two OUN leaders, the definition of “Bandera” came into play. He still had to begin cooperation with Nazi Germany. He met the German attack on the USSR in Krakow, while under vigilant police surveillance. He was strongly discouraged from visiting his native places. The German troops that entered Lvov at the end of June 1941 included 2 battalions staffed by his supporters. On the same day, one of the leaders of the OUN (b) Yaroslav Stetsko read out the “Act of Revival of the Ukrainian State” in Lviv. The Germans had absolutely no need for an independent Ukraine. They had plans that were not their own. They did not recognize any “independence”, and all its guardians were quickly arrested.
Stepan Bandera with his wife and daughters were placed in concentration camp Sachsenhausen. There he soon met Andrei Melnik, who always relied on Germany. In the concentration camp, Stepan Bandera had some privileges compared to other prisoners. He was fed a little better and was sometimes allowed to meet his family. The Germans have always been very calculating.
Andrey Melnik in old age
Bandera was remembered in 1944, when the Soviet Army approached the lands of Western Ukraine. According to the calculations of the German command, Ukrainian nationalists were supposed to start a partisan war in the liberated areas. Bandera put prerequisite further cooperation, recognition by Germany of the “Act of Revival of the Ukrainian State”. He never managed to achieve this.
Back in 1942, in Galicia, without the participation of Stepan Bandera, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army of the UPA began to form, which became the core of the resistance and received assistance from the Germans in the form of weapons. Stepan Bandera from Germany tried to lead the “abroad” nationalist formations.
Within the OUN, especially among its members hiding in the forests of Ukraine, opposition grew, accusing it of being out of touch with real life and dogmatism.
Stepan Bandera met the end of the war in the part of Germany occupied by the British. The British intelligence services quickly found him. In turn, the Americans continued to search for Bandera as an accomplice fascist Germany and he had to hide from them for a couple of years.
Since then, the only enemy for Ukrainian nationalists has been the Soviet Union. Guerrilla warfare in Western Ukraine lasted until the mid-50s.
Many years after the destruction of the main forces of “Bandera,” former UPA fighters were found in villages hiding in the cellars of relatives. Such tenacity was only demonstrated by Japanese soldiers who did not recognize surrender, and who continued to be captured in the jungles of the Philippines until the 70s.
Murder of Stepan Bandera
The recognized leader of the nationalist movement inevitably became a target for the Soviet intelligence services. In 1947, an assassination attempt was made by Yaroslav Moroz, and a year later by Vladimir Stelmashchuk. In 1952, German citizens Leguda and Lehmann were convicted of preparing a murder. A year later, Stepan Libgolts tried to get to Bandera. The OUN's own security service and the German police were on alert, exposing the agents. The OUN leader lived with his family under the surname Poppel in Munich. He kept his secret so reliably that his own children for a long time They believed that Poppel was their real name.
In October 1959, KGB agent Bogdan Stashinsky found out Stepan Bandera and the address of his house. 2 years earlier, he successfully eliminated another OUN leader, Lev Rebet. For the new murder, Stashinsky used a special syringe pistol loaded with potassium cyanide. He was waiting for Bandera at the entrance of the house with a newspaper bundle in which a weapon was hidden. Poppel-Bandera returned home for lunch. Stashinsky fired a shot in his face and disappeared. The true cause of death was determined only by an autopsy. Initially, doctors suspected a heart attack.
Stepan Bandera was buried in the Waldfriedhof cemetery in front of a huge crowd of Ukrainian emigrants. Stashinsky would flee to the West in 1961 from the GDR with his German wife. He frankly admits to the murders of Rebet and Bandera. After 6 years, he will be released early from prison and disappear. They'll do it to him plastic surgery, after which Stashinsky will live in South Africa under a fictitious name.
Story character
COLORS OF STEPAN BANDERA BANNER
A new look at the leader of Ukrainian nationalists
There are still fierce disputes surrounding the name of the leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) Stepan Bandera - some consider him an accomplice of the Nazis and an accomplice in Nazi crimes, others call him a patriot and fighter for the independence of Ukraine.
We assume one of the versions of the activities of Stepan Bandera and his associates, based on previously unknown documents from Ukrainian archives.
Victor MARCHENKO
Stepan Andreevich Bandera ( "Bandera" - translated into modern language means "banner") was born on January 1, 1909 in the village of Ugryniv Stary Kalushsky district of Galicia (now Ivano-Frankivsk region), which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at that time, in the family of a priest of the Greek Catholic rite. He was the second child in the family. In addition to him, three brothers and three sisters grew up in the family.
My father had a university education - he graduated from the theological faculty of Lviv University. My father had a large library, business people were frequent guests in the house, public figures, intelligentsia. Among them, for example, is the member of the Austro-Hungarian parliament J. Veselovsky, the sculptor M. Gavrilko, and the businessman P. Glodzinsky.
S. Bandera wrote in his autobiography that he grew up in a house in which the atmosphere of Ukrainian patriotism, living national-cultural, political and public interest. Stepan's father took an active part in the revival of the Ukrainian State in 1918-1920; he was elected as a deputy of the parliament of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic. In the fall of 1919, Stepan passed the entrance exams to the Ukrainian classical gymnasium in the city of Stry.
In 1920, Western Ukraine was occupied by Poland. In the spring of 1921, Miroslav Bander's mother died of tuberculosis. Stepan himself suffered from rheumatism of the joints since childhood and long time was in the hospital. Starting from the fourth grade, Bandera gave lessons, earning money for his own expenses. Education at the gymnasium took place under the supervision of the Polish authorities. But some teachers were able to incorporate Ukrainian national content into the compulsory curriculum. 
However, gymnasium students received their main national-patriotic education in school youth organizations. Along with legal organizations, there were illegal circles involved in raising funds to support Ukrainian periodicals and boycotting events of the Polish authorities. Starting from the fourth grade, Bandera was part of an illegal organization at the gymnasium.
In 1927, Bandera successfully passed the matriculation and next year entered the Lviv Polytechnic School in the agronomic department. By 1934, he completed a full course as an agronomist engineer. However, he did not have time to defend his diploma because he was arrested.
On the territory of Galicia in different time Various legal, semi-legal and illegal organizations operated with the goal of protecting Ukrainian national interests. In 1920, in Prague, a group of officers founded the Ukrainian military organization"(UVO), which set the goal of fighting the Polish occupation. Soon the former commander of the Sich Riflemen, an experienced organizer and authoritative politician, Evgen Konovalets, became the head of the UVO. The most famous action of the UVO was the failed attempt on the life of the head of the Polish state, Józef Pilsudski, in 1921.
Patriotic youth organizations were under the patronage of the UVO. Stepan Bandera became a member of the UVO in 1928. In 1929, in Vienna, Ukrainian youth organizations, with the participation of the Ukrainian Military District, held a unification congress, at which the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) was established, which included Bandera. Later in 1932, the OUN and UVO merged.
Although Poland occupied Galicia, the legitimacy of its rule over Western Ukrainian lands remained problematic from the point of view of the Entente countries. This issue was the subject of complaints against Poland from the Western powers, especially England and France.
The Ukrainian majority of Eastern Galicia refused to recognize the legitimacy of the Polish authorities over them. The 1921 census and elections to the Polish Sejm in 1922 were boycotted. By 1930 the situation had worsened. In response to acts of disobedience by the Ukrainian population, the Polish government launched large-scale operations to “pacify” the population, in today’s terminology – “cleaning up” the territory of Eastern Galicia. In 1934, a concentration camp was established in Bereza Kartuzskaya, in which there were about 2 thousand political prisoners, mostly Ukrainians. A year later, Poland abandoned its commitment to the League of Nations to respect the rights of national minorities. Mutual attempts were made from time to time to find a compromise, but they did not lead to tangible results.
In 1934, members of the OUN made an attempt on the life of Polish Interior Minister Bronislaw Peratsky, as a result of which he died. S. Bandera took part in the terrorist attack. For his participation in the preparation of the assassination attempt on Peracki, he was arrested and at the beginning of 1936, along with eleven other defendants, he was convicted by the Warsaw District Court. S. Bandera was sentenced to death. According to the amnesty announced earlier by the Polish Sejm, the death penalty was commuted to life imprisonment.
Stepan was kept in prison in conditions of strict isolation. After the German attack on Poland, the town in which the prison was located was bombed. September 13, 1939, when the situation Polish troops became critical, the prison guards fled. S. Bandera was released from solitary confinement by released Ukrainian prisoners.
The OUN, with about 20 thousand members, had a great influence on the Ukrainian population. There were internal conflicts in the organization: between young, impatient and more experienced and sensible people who had gone through the war and revolution, between the leadership of the OUN, living in comfortable conditions emigration, and the bulk of OUN members who worked under conditions of underground and police persecution.
OUN leader Yevgen Konovalets, using his diplomatic and organizational talent, knew how to extinguish contradictions, uniting the organization. The death of Konovalets at the hands of Soviet agent Pavel Sudoplatov in 1938 in Rotterdam was a heavy loss for the Ukrainian nationalist movement. His successor was his closest ally, Colonel Andrei Melnik - good educated person, reserved and tolerant. The faction of his supporters, taking advantage of the fact that most of their opponents were in prison, in August 1939, at a conference in Rome, announced Colonel Melnik as the head of the OUN. Subsequent events took a dramatic turn for the Ukrainian national liberation movement. 
Once free, Stepan Bandera arrived in Lviv. A few days before, Lvov was occupied by the Red Army. At first it was relatively safe to be there. Soon, through a courier, he received an invitation to come to Krakow to coordinate the further plans of the OUN. Urgent treatment was also required for a joint disease that had worsened in prison. I had to illegally cross the Soviet-German demarcation line.
After meetings in Krakow and Vienna, Bandera was delegated to Rome for negotiations with Melnik. Events were developing rapidly, and the central leadership was slow. The list of disagreements - organizational and political - that needed to be resolved in negotiations with Melnik was quite long. The dissatisfaction of underground OUN members with the OUN leadership was approaching a critical point. In addition, there was suspicion of betrayal by Melnik’s inner circle, since mass arrests in Galicia and Volyn affected mainly Bandera supporters.
The main difference was in the strategy of conducting the national liberation struggle. Bandera and his like-minded people considered it necessary to maintain OUN contacts both with the countries of the German coalition and with the Western allied countries, without getting closer to any group. It is necessary to rely on one’s own strength, since no one was interested in the independence of Ukraine. The Melnik faction believed that relying on one’s own forces was untenable. Western countries are not interested in Ukrainian independence. This was already demonstrated by them back in the 20s. Germany then recognized the independence of Ukraine. Therefore, it is necessary to bet on Germany. Melnikov's followers believed that it was impossible to create an armed underground, since this would irritate the German authorities and cause repression on their part, which would not bring either political or military dividends.
Unable to reach a compromise as a result of negotiations, both groups proclaimed themselves the only legitimate leadership of the OUN.
In February 1940, in Krakow, the Bandera faction, which included mainly youth and constituted the numerical majority of the OUN, held a conference at which it rejected the decisions of the Rome conference and chose Stepan Bandera as its leader. Thus, the split of the OUN took shape into the Banderaites - OUN-B or OUN-R (revolutionary) and into the Melnikites - OUN-M. Subsequently, the antagonism between the factions reached such intensity that they often fought against each other with the same ferocity with which they fought against the enemies of independent Ukraine.
The attitude of the German leadership towards the OUN was contradictory: the Canaris service (Abwehr - military intelligence) considered it necessary to cooperate with Ukrainian nationalists, the Nazi party leadership led by Bormann did not consider the OUN a serious political factor, and therefore rejected any cooperation with it. Taking advantage of these contradictions, the OUN managed to form a Ukrainian military unit, the Legion of Ukrainian Nationalists, numbering about 600 people, consisting of two battalions - Nachtigal and Roland, staffed by Ukrainians of predominantly pro-Banderist orientation. The Germans planned to use them for subversive purposes, and Bandera hoped that they would become the core of the future Ukrainian army.
At the same time, mass repressions unfolded on the territory of Western Ukraine, which was ceded to the Soviet Union under the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. Leaders and activists of political parties and public organizations were arrested, many of them were executed. Four mass deportations of the Ukrainian population from occupied territories were carried out. New prisons were opened, housing tens of thousands of prisoners.
Father Andrei Bandera and his two daughters Marta and Oksana were arrested at three in the morning on May 23, 1941. In the interrogation protocols, when asked by the investigator about his political views, Father Andrei replied: “In my convictions, I am a Ukrainian nationalist, but not a chauvinist. I consider a united, conciliar and independent Ukraine to be the only correct state structure for Ukrainians.” On the evening of July 8 in Kyiv, at a closed meeting of the military tribunal of the Kyiv Military District, A. Bandera was sentenced to death. The verdict stated that it could be appealed within five days from the date of delivery of a copy of the verdict. But Andrei Bandera was shot on July 10th.
Marta and Oksana were sent without trial to the Krasnoyarsk Territory for eternal settlement, where they were moved from place to place every 2 - 3 months until 1953. The third sister, Vladimir, did not escape the bitter cup either. She, a mother of five children, was arrested along with her husband Teodor Davidyuk in 1946. She was sentenced to 10 years of hard labor. She worked in the camps of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Kazakhstan, including the Spassky death camp. She survived, having served her full sentence, they added a settlement in Karaganda, and then she was allowed to return to her children in Ukraine.
The hasty retreat of the Red Army after the outbreak of war had tragic consequences for tens of thousands of those arrested. Unable to take everyone to the east, the NKVD decided to urgently liquidate the prisoners, regardless of the sentences. Often, basements filled with prisoners were simply bombarded with grenades. In Galicia, 10 thousand people were killed, in Volyn - 5 thousand. Relatives of the prisoners, looking for their loved ones, witnessed this hasty, senseless and inhumane reprisal. The Germans then demonstrated all this to the International Red Cross.
Using the support of the Nachtigal battalion, on June 30, 1941 in Lvov, at a rally of thousands in the presence of several German generals, Bandera’s supporters proclaimed the “Act of Revival of the Ukrainian State.” A Ukrainian government was also formed, consisting of 15 ministers, headed by Yaroslav Stetsko, S. Bandera’s closest ally. In addition, following the front, which was quickly moving to the east, OUN detachments of 7-12 people were sent, about 2,000 people in total, who, seizing the initiative from the German occupation authorities, formed Ukrainian local governments. 
The reaction of the German authorities to the action of Bandera’s supporters in Lvov followed quickly: on July 5, S. Bandera was arrested in Krakow. and on the 9th - in Lvov, Y. Stetsko. In Berlin, where they were taken for trial, S. Bandera was explained that the Germans came to Ukraine not as liberators, but as conquerors, and demanded the public repeal of the Act of Revival. Without obtaining consent, Bandera was thrown into prison, and a year and a half later - into the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he was kept until August 27 (according to other sources - until December) 1944. Brothers Stepan Andrei and Vasily were beaten to death in Auschwitz in 1942.
In the fall of 1941, Melnikites in Kyiv also tried to form a Ukrainian government. But this attempt was also brutally suppressed. Over 40 leading figures of the OUN-M were arrested and shot at Babi Yar at the beginning of 1942, including the famous Ukrainian poetess 35-year-old Elena Teliga, who headed the Writers' Union of Ukraine.
By the fall of 1941, the scattered Ukrainian armed detachments of Polesie united into the Polesie Sich partisan unit. As mass Nazi terror unfolded in Ukraine, partisan detachments grew. In the fall of 1942, on the initiative of the OUN-B, the partisan detachments of Bandera, Melnik and the Polesie Sich were united into the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) led by one of the organizers of the OUN, the highest officer of the recently disbanded Nachtigall battalion, Roman Shukhevych (General Taras Chuprinka) . In 1943-44, the number of UPA reached 100 thousand fighters and it controlled Volyn, Polesie and Galicia. It included detachments of other nationalities - Azerbaijanis, Georgians, Kazakhs and other nations, a total of 15 such detachments. 
The UPA waged an armed struggle not only with the Nazis and Soviet troops, there was a constant war with the Red partisans, and in the territory of Volyn, Polesie and Kholmshchyna, exceptionally brutal battles took place with the Polish Home Army. This armed conflict had a long history and was accompanied by ethnic cleansing in the most savage form on both sides.
At the end of 1942, the OUN-UPA approached the Soviet partisans with a proposal to coordinate military operations against the Germans, but no agreement was reached. Hostile relations turned into armed clashes. And already in October and November 1943, for example, the UPA fought 47 battles with German troops and 54 with Soviet partisans.
Until the spring of 1944, the command Soviet army and the NKVD tried to feign sympathy towards the Ukrainian nationalist movement. However, after the expulsion of German troops from the territory of Ukraine, Soviet propaganda began to identify the OUN members with the Nazis. From this time on, the second stage of the struggle began for the OUN-UPA - the struggle against the Soviet Army. This war lasted almost 10 years - until the mid-50s. 
Regular troops of the Soviet Army fought against the UPA. So, in 1946 there were about 2 thousand battles and armed skirmishes, in 1948 - about 1.5 thousand. Several training bases were organized near Moscow to combat partisan movement in Western Ukraine. During these years, every second of the Gulag prisoners was Ukrainian. And only after the death of UPA commander Roman Shukhevych on March 5, 1950, organized resistance in Western Ukraine began to decline, although individual detachments and remnants of the underground operated until the mid-50s.
After leaving the Nazi concentration camp, Stepan Bandera was no longer able to get into Ukraine. He took up the affairs of the OUN. After the end of the war, the central organs of the organization were located in West Germany. At a meeting of the OUN leadership council, Bandera was elected to the leadership bureau, in which he oversaw the foreign parts of the OUN.
At a conference in 1947, Stepan Bandera was elected head of the entire Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. By this time, opposition to Bandera had arisen in the foreign units, reproaching him for dictatorial ambitions, and the OUN for turning into a neo-communist organization. After lengthy discussions, Bandera decides to resign and go to Ukraine. However, the resignation was not accepted. OUN conferences in 1953 and 1955, with the participation of delegates from Ukraine, again elected Bandera as head of the leadership.
After the war, S. Bandera’s family found themselves in the zone of Soviet occupation. Under fictitious names, the relatives of the OUN leader were forced to hide from the Soviet occupation authorities and KGB agents. For some time, the family lived in the forest in a secluded house, in a small room without electricity, in cramped conditions. Six-year-old Natalya had to walk six kilometers through the forest to school. The family was malnourished, the children grew sickly. 
In 1948-1950, they lived in a refugee camp under an assumed name. Meetings with their father were so rare that the children even forgot him. Since the early 50s, the mother and children settled in the small village of Breitbrunn. Stepan could be here more often, almost every day. Despite his busy schedule, the father spent time teaching the Ukrainian language to his children. Brother and sister at the age of 4-5 already knew how to read and write in Ukrainian. With Natalka Bandera he studied history, geography and literature. In 1954, the family moved to Munich, where Stepan already lived.
On October 15, 1959, Stepan Bandera released the guards and entered the entrance of the house in which he lived with his family. On the stairs he was met by a man whom Bandera had already seen earlier in the church. From a special pistol, he shot Stepan Bandera in the face with a stream of potassium cyanide solution. Bandera fell, shopping bags rolled down the stairs.
The killer turned out to be a KGB agent, 30-year-old Ukrainian Bogdan Stashinsky. Soon, KGB Chairman Shelepin personally presented him with the Order of the Red Banner of Battle in Moscow. In addition, Stashinsky received permission to marry a German woman from East Berlin. A month after the wedding, which took place in Berlin, Stashinsky was sent with his wife to Moscow to continue his studies. Listening to conversations at home with his wife gave his superiors reason to suspect Stashinsky of insufficient loyalty to the Soviet regime. He was expelled from school and forbidden to leave Moscow.
In connection with the upcoming birth, Stashinsky’s wife was allowed to travel to East Berlin in the spring of 1961. At the beginning of 1962, news arrived of the unexpected death of a child. For the funeral of his son, Stashinsky was allowed a short trip to East Berlin. Intensified measures were taken to monitor him. However, the day before the funeral (just on the eve of the construction of the Berlin Wall), Stashinsky and his wife managed to break away from the escort, which was traveling in three cars, and escape to West Berlin. There he turned to the American mission, where he confessed to the murder of Stepan Bandera, as well as to the murder of OUN activist Professor L. Rebet two years earlier. 
An international scandal erupted, since at the 20th Congress of the CPSU in 1956, the USSR officially proclaimed its renunciation of the policy of international terrorism.
At the trial, Stashinsky testified that he acted on the instructions of the USSR leadership. On October 19, 1962, the court of the city of Karlsruhe pronounced a sentence: 8 years of maximum security prison.
Stepan’s daughter Natalya Bandera ended her speech at the trial with the words:
“My unforgettable father raised us in love for God and Ukraine. He was a deeply religious Christian and died for God and an independent, free Ukraine.”
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Dull to hit:
The New Year of 1909 was overshadowed by a tragic event - on January 1, a bloody personality was born into the family of Little Russian schismatics. They wanted to name their son the name Hitlerite, but the Austrian passport officer mixed up something and wrote “Stepan Bandera” in the documents.
This is how the devil got one of his names. Styopa was a difficult and cruel child, but this did not frighten his parents, because... they hated Russia and in every possible way indulged any manifestations of evil and hatred in the child. In an effort to distance their son from the mass of children of the ordinary Russian people who inhabited Galicia in those years, they taught him to read and write, and then sent him to study in the city of Stryi, where the kids mastered the “art” of cooking hamburgers and were brought up in love for the United States.
In those same years, Stepan became the so-called “Plastun” - the first enemy of all Soviet pioneers. In Plast, Bandera laid the foundations of the extremist pro-fascist organization “Cossacks - Heroes of Krut.” Bandera subtly felt that the most unreliable class element in the construction of communism were the peasants.
At a time when surplus appropriation, confiscation of surpluses, as well as planned measures were actively taking place on the territory of the USSR, the purpose of which was to destroy the small-proprietary peasant way of life that was slowing down the process of industrialization, Bandera shamefully curried favor with the peasantry, hoping that later they would defend fascism in the “corrals of the UPA ". Every honest person in Bandera’s place would have shot the small kurkuls as unnecessary and harmful, but he acted lowly and extremely unconsciously by teaching the peasants to read and write.
The bastard organized a choir and a theater group, which staged performances by anti-people, bourgeois authors and intellectuals. Bandera and the peasantry would have been immediately ended if Galicia had officially belonged to the USSR. But before the establishment of Historical Justice and Stalin’s agreement with Hitler on the division of Poland, it was kept under occupation in turn by either the anti-people regime of Austria-Hungary or the bloodthirsty Poles, and citizen Bandera got away with everything.
In the extremist organization "Prosvita" he taught the peasants against Stalin and the USSR, rubbed into the weak consciousness of the gullible Western Little Russian population various kinds TBE about “independence” and “free Rukh”. In September 1928, Bandera moved to the lair of all Russophobes - the city of Lviv, where, thanks to bribes and the official position of his father, who promised to sing an anathema to everyone who offends his son, our “hero” enters the Polytech. But he didn’t have to get a diploma. Although the Polish government was criminal and anti-people, just like the people’s government in the USSR, it hated “independents.”
And Bandera was expelled in disgrace, remaining a dropout for the rest of his life. In 1932-33, when on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR, controlled by the Soviet regime - in the Kharkov region, Poltava region, in the Kiev region - a happy life, abundance, complete prosperity, and satiety finally arrived , faith in Communism, when Russia and Stalin successfully saved Little Russia from famine, as always caused by the Americans as a result of their crisis of the “Great Depression,” when small-holder farms and the patriarchal Little Russian way of life were becoming a thing of the past, and they were replaced by conscious workers, industrial giants and pure Russian language... At this very time, Bandera looked towards the USSR and was wildly jealous... But his envy was black and bestial.
Bandera did not want the same happiness to come to the lands of western Little Russia. But at the same time, he didn’t want the bourgeois Poles to rule there, but kept raving about some kind of independent “Ukraine”. He was not the only one in his delirium; a gang of bandits called OUN (rabid Ukrainian-Nazis) began to gather around the harmful and ungodly ideas of the Western “nezalezhnykivs”, which included former plastuns and “Kozachats - heroes of Krut”, raised and nurtured by Russophobia. But since Bandera did not see Russian people around him, he took out his anger on the Poles, and purely for Russophobic reasons he killed the Polish Minister of Internal Affairs Bronislav Peratsky, for which he was imprisoned by the Poles and sentenced to death.
But the soft-bodied Catholics turned out to be weaklings, wimps and wimps. Instead of shooting the dog, they replaced the punishment with life imprisonment, which became their tragic mistake. But soon an act of historical justice was accomplished - an unidentified geographical object called “Poland” ceased to exist after two great rulers - I.V. Stalin and A.A. Hitler (then still our good friend) - divided the so-called “republic” among themselves. The Poles were so carried away by the two liberating armies that they forgot to shoot the prisoners, and they were then released. Bandera also came out.
Coming from a family of Little Russian schismatics, Bandera managed to cause a split even in the ranks of his own supporters - the Russophobes from the OUN, after which there were two OUNs, and they began to doubly spoil Russia. By the beginning of the Second World War, the consistent fanaticism of the villain was noticed by the devil himself, seeing a warrior in Bandera , capable of fighting the forces of Good, which were personified by Stalin and the host of his army. From that time on, the devil began to endow his minion with inhuman, supernatural abilities. And Bandera hastened to take advantage of them.
His main crime is considered to be the resurrection of the Sichov Streltsofs in the cemeteries of Western Little Russia, because Not a single normal living person agreed to join the gangs of Judeo-Banderists and fight against Stalin. Zombies of the great white striltsof, as well as some especially harmful peasants, who were afraid of Stalin’s industrialization like hell, went to fight against the Bright Future in the UPA, which was disgraced during the Great Patriotic War.
A great historical injustice occurred in 1941, NATO countries, at the behest of the United States, incited a friend of the German workers, a strong father of the nation, a people's favorite and a fighter for the purity of the ranks of Adolf Aloizovich Hitler against Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. It seemed that nothing could quarrel between the two geniuses of geopolitics, the two Leaders, who did everything to make the world cleaner and fairer, so that it would get rid of the shackles of global capital and the dirty military. But Western intriguers, as always, ruined everything. They slandered the bright name of Stalin before Hitler, and the gullible Fuhrer entered the war with the Soviet Union, thereby signing his own death warrant.
This is what the would-be warriors looked like - the Streltsy FALLED. The crafty Bandera wanted to extract his own benefit from the outbreak of the war, and he went to bow to the Father of the German people with oaths of allegiance and readiness to die for the Third Reich in the fight against Stalin. Trusting Hitler, accustomed from his natural good nature to trust every rogue, fell for the bait of this maddened maniac with a wolfish look and took ragged and half-starved ghouls under his wing.
And they, meanwhile, turned out to be the last scoundrels, because... They didn’t die in the name of Hitler, but raved about some kind of “Ukrainian independence.” When German soldiers, together with the Judeo-Banderite occupiers, entered Russian city Lvov, one of Bandera’s fellow tribesmen - a certain Stetsko, who had pretty much given in to this in a nearby eatery on the square. Market, - climbed onto the balcony of some “budynka” and in the name of Mazepa, Petliura and Bandera declared “Ukraine” independent!!! For Adolf Aloizovich Hitler it was a knife in the back, because... being a normal person, he understood that “independent Ukraine” was complete bourgeois nonsense, which only prevented people from living normally.
The German leader did not tolerate the scoundrel and curry favor with the pitiful tribe of Petliurists; he threw Bandera into a concentration camp, where he belonged and where he shamefully sat until the end of the war. Stalin approved of this act of Hitler and, being a noble military leader, decided to help his strong and worthy enemy cope with Bandera’s defections from the UPA. So small detachments of Judeo-Banderists, the so-called. “Boyivki”, until the end of the war, were disgraced on the fronts of Little Russia and vilely committed genocide, burning millions of Little Russians in their ovens.
But after the war, under the pressure of the accumulated hatred of the common people and the Organs, they took their feet to the West, under the auspices of the United States and NATO. Fascism was over, but in its place a new threat loomed - the threat of victory of bourgeois imperialism, the oppressor of all the working people of the planet. The surplus of Bandera’s gangs found their patrons in the West, and the patrons, in turn, valued fierce anger and unbridled Russophobia in their “wards.” Stepan Bandera, who was released from German prisons, instead of taking a ticket to Moscow, came to the Lubyanka and voluntarily surrender to the authorities for execution, cowardly fled to Munich, where he wrote nasty anti-Soviet articles and from where he led petty bandit elements in Little Russia and the bandit chieftain Shukhevych.
Young intelligence officer. “Peacemaker.” At this time, Stalin noticed the young and talented Leningrad intelligence officer Volodya P., who worked under the operational pseudonym “peacemaker,” and sent him to Munich for an unknown purpose. In 1953, humanity suffered an irreparable loss: the Genius of our time, Joseph, passed away. Vissarionovich Stalin, the political provocateur of peasant-Little Russian origin Nikita Khrushchev comes to power, and commits a vile betrayal - he denigrates the bright name of Stalin, gives Crimea to the Ukrainians...
It was during this period that the young “peacemaker” must fulfill the Leader’s last will in Munich - to rid the world of the treacherous and vile enemy of humanity - Stepan Bandera. On October 15, 1959, in the KGB building on Dzerzhinsky Square, they received the long-awaited encryption from Munich, which contained three simple Russian words: “Fuck! Justice has been done!”
For a long time, the name of the movement was distorted - “Bendera” instead of “Bandera”; in the 50s. The NKVD created punitive detachments, dressed in the uniform of "Bandera", which destroyed them in order to arouse hatred among the lower classes towards the OUN-UPA, etc.
4. During the Patriotic War, which began in 2014, separatists and Russians called all defenders of Ukraine nothing more than “Bandera” or “Bandera’s punitive forces.”
5. What are the main services of Stepan Bandera to the people of Ukraine? He
Became one of the organizers in 1929 of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), the main instrument of the national liberation movement of Ukrainians in subsequent decades. Since 1933, Bandera became the regional guide of the OUN in Western and the regional commandant of the combat department of the OUN-UVO, since 1940 - the head of the OUN-UPA (b);
On July 5, 1941, members of the OUN-UPA (b) in Lvov announced the “Act of Revival of the Ukrainian State,” which announced the creation of a “new Ukrainian state on the mother Ukrainian lands,” for which Stepan Bandera was arrested on the same day and subsequently sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp until September 1944;
His followers, led by Roman Shukhevych, created the Ukrainian army OUN-UPA, which fought both the fascist (1942-1944) and communist regimes in the USSR from 1944 to 1956.
2010 - Hero of Ukraine "for the invincibility of the spirit in upholding the national idea, heroism and self-sacrifice in the struggle for an independent Ukrainian state."
The then President of Ukraine, during the ceremonial events in honor of Unity Day, noted that millions of Ukrainians had been waiting for Stepan Bandera to be awarded the title “Hero of Ukraine” for many years.
The post-war years were the most difficult for Stepan Bandera. So, for example, only in 1948 he changed his place of residence six times (Berlin, Innsbruck, Seefeld, Munich, Hildesheim, Starnberg). Ultimately, Bandera and his family moved to Munich in order to give his daughter a good education. The fact is that Stepan and his wife tried to protect her from everything that was going on around her father, and never told her that the famous Stepan Bandera was actually her blood father. “At the age of 13, I began reading Ukrainian newspapers, which wrote a lot about Stepan Bandera. Over time, based on my own observations, as well as constant changes of surname, and also due to the fact that a huge number of people were constantly around my father, I some suspicions arose. And when one of my acquaintances let it slip, I was sure that Stepan Bandera was my own father,” said Natalia, Bandera’s daughter.
Stepan Bandera's mother died of tuberculosis at the age of 33, and he himself had poor health since childhood. He was mainly worried about his joints, often in his legs. In this regard, all his efforts to get into Plast were unsuccessful. He managed to join this organization only in the third grade. “He was short, brown-haired, very poorly dressed,” his comrade Yaroslav Rak recalled to Bandera.
Once a group of students gathered in the Academic House in Lvov, one of whom immediately declared that he had nothing to do with politics and was outside it. Stepan Bandera was also present. When the “non-political” student tried to shake his hand, Bandera turned away. Then Stepan was reprimanded, to which he replied: “If you don’t like it, you can sue me.” A few decades later, the same student, whose last name turned out to be Stashinsky, became the killer of Stepan Bandera.
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The social network "" also has enough a large number of groups dedicated to Bandera. The largest of them is group called "Stepan Bandera".
Biography of Stepan Bandera.
1927 - Bandera entered the Ukrainian Economic Academy in the village of Podebrady (Czechoslovakia). However, the Polish refused to provide him with a foreign passport, and therefore he continued to live in his native village, where he was engaged in cultural, educational and economic activities;
1928 - moved to live in, where he enrolled in the agronomic department of the Higher Polytechnic School, where he studied until 1933, and before the final exams he was arrested because of his political activities;
1932-1933 - deputy regional conductor;
1933 - appointed regional guide of the OUN in Western Ukraine;
1934 - arrested by Polish police. He was under investigation in prisons in Lvov, Warsaw and Krakow;
From November 18, 1935 to January 13, 1936, the Warsaw trial took place, in which Stepan Bandera, along with 11 other defendants, was convicted of involvement in the OUN, as well as for organizing the murder of Bronislaw Penatsky, internal affairs of Poland. Bandera was initially sentenced to death, but it was later commuted to life imprisonment;
On September 19, 1939, when the situation of the Polish troops became almost critical, Bandera was released;
On July 5, 1941, shortly after the adoption of the act of proclamation of the restoration of the Ukrainian state, the Germans arrested Bandera;
December 1944 - Bandera is released along with several other OUN guides;
1950 - resigned from the post of head of the OUN conductors;
August 22, 1952 - resigned from the post of head of the conductors of the entire OUN-B. However, his decision was not officially accepted, and therefore he remained in this position until his death;
Bandera lived the last years of his life in Munich under the name Stefan Popel.
Murder of Bandera.
On October 15, 1959, in Munich, in the entrance of house number 7, located on Kreitmayr Street, at 13:05 local time, a bloodied but still alive Stepan Bandera was found. However, he soon died.
The results of the medical examination showed that the cause of Bandera’s death was poison. As it turned out, later, his killer, who was Bogdan Stashinsky, shot Bandera in the face from a special pistol loaded with potassium cyanide.
Two years after Bandera's death, the judiciary announced that Stashinsky acted on the orders of Khrushchev and Shelepin. The killer was sentenced to 8 years in prison. Later, the German Supreme Court declared that the USSR in Moscow was to blame for the death of Stepan Bandera.
Bandera's funeral took place in 1959 in Munich.
Perpetuating the memory of Stepan Bandera.
1995 - Ukrainian director Oleg Yanchuk shot “Atentat - Autumn Murder in Munich,” which is dedicated to the post-war fate of Bandera;
2005 - “Unconquered”, in general about the fate of Bandera;
Rohir van Aarde, a writer from the Netherlands, wrote the novel “Assassination”, dedicated to the political assassination of Stepan Bandera;
January 1, 2009 - in honor of the centenary of Stepan Bandera, the Ukrainian state enterprise "Ukrposhta" issued a commemorative envelope and postage stamp with his image.
2009 and 2014 in the Ternopil region of Ukraine were declared the years of Stepan Bandera;
2012 - Lviv Regional Council initiated the founding of the award named after Hero of Ukraine Stepan Bandera;
Streets in the following cities were named in honor of Bandera: Lviv, Lutsk, Dubovitsy, Rivne, Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chervonograd, Drohobych, Stryi, Dolina, Kalush, Kovel, Vladimir-Volynsky, Horodenka, Izyaslav, Skole, Shepetivka and some others populated areas, including villages and towns;
There are 6 Stepan Bandera museums in the world:
Museum of Stepan Bandera in Dublyany;
Museum-Estate of Stepan Bandera (Vola-Zaderevacka);
Historical and Memorial Museum of Stepan Bandera (Stary Ugryniv village);
Museum of Stepan Bandera (Yagolnitsa);
Museum of the Liberation Struggle named after Stepan Bandera (London);
Bandera Estate Museum (Stry).
Monuments to Bandera.
Most of the monuments to Stepan Bandera were erected in the period 1990-2000, since until that moment the personality of Bandera was prohibited by the communist ideology of the Soviet Union.
The following monuments to Stepan Bandera are currently known:
1991, Kolomyia - monument;
2007, Lvov. Monument;
1998 - Borislav;
2001 - Drohobych;