Weld PP pipes. Do-it-yourself welding of polypropylene pipes for beginners - video instructions

According to statistics, more than 70% of pipeline systems today are made of polypropylene, no matter whether we are talking about installing a new pipeline or replacing old system. The technology of welding polypropylene pipes, which must be followed to the smallest detail to achieve the desired result, is an integral part installation work.

It is this aspect of the organization of pipeline systems that this article will mainly focus on.

Why polypropylene pipes

Primarily because polypropylene pipes have the best combination quality, price and requirements for installation and operation. Pipes of this type are strong, corrosion-resistant and durable.

Thanks to the listed qualities, polypropylene pipes can be used in various fields:

• as a material for water and gas pipelines;
• for gutters;
• as a material for pipelines used for transportation various kinds aggressive environments.

It is the technology of connecting polypropylene pipes by welding that serves as the most reliable and fastest method of installation, including other types of plastic pipes.

A set of tools for welding polypropylene pipelines

The tool kit for welding polypropylene pipes looks approximately as follows:

• an electric welding machine with a movable electric drive for polyfusion welding, equipped with welding nozzles of the required sizes;
• contact thermometer;
• special scissors or pipe cutter;
• alcohol or any other degreaser;
• rags (made from natural material);
• roulette;
• marker;
• mounting device for welding elements whose diameter exceeds 50 mm;
• scraper.

The kit for welding polypropylene pipes may also include tools available in almost every home - a knife, a metal file, if special scissors or a pipe cutter are not available.

Preparation for welding polypropylene pipes

1. Heating nozzles are tightly attached to the welding machine and, having set it using the regulator at a temperature of 250-270 degrees, turn on the device. The heating time of the welding machine depends on the ambient temperature. To avoid damage to the Teflon layer of the nozzles when heated, they are first cleaned with a rag made of non-synthetic material.
2. Manipulations with the welding machine begin when, using a contact thermometer and indicator, it is determined that the device has been heated to the desired temperature.
3. Check the functionality of the cutting roller or special scissors by making 2-3 cuts on an experienced pipe trimmer. The cut should be perfectly equal, without depressions or protrusions. Otherwise, the tool must be sharpened.
4. Before welding begins, all elements are carefully inspected. The walls of the parts must not be weakened in any way; the closing parts (fittings) must be functional. Their threads are checked with a part with the opposite thread.
5. Pipe sections and welding fittings into which pipes are inserted are cleaned and degreased. The fittings are placed on the frame and checked to see if they are too loose. Fittings that are loose on the frame are rejected.
6. Pipe elements of the required length are measured and cut. If a metal saw is used for cutting, the ends of the pipes must be additionally cleaned of burrs.
7. Using a special device or a sharply sharpened knife, bevel the pipe wall at the end being prepared for welding at an angle of 45 degrees. This applies primarily to pipes of large diameters (more than 40 mm). This bevel will help avoid material scuffing when inserting the end of the pipe into the fitting.
8. Before welding large-diameter parts, their ovality must be checked.
9. Before starting welding, remove the oxidized layer from the pipes along the entire length of the joint, as it can adversely affect the quality of welding.
10. First, insert the pipe into the fitting and mark the entrance boundary (depth) with a marker. Here it is taken into account that the pipe should not be pushed into the fitting coupling all the way. To avoid narrowing the cross-section of the pipe at the seam, leave a gap of at least 1 mm.

Time table for welding polypropylene pipes depending on their diameter

Instructions for welding polypropylene pipes

Immediately before welding the pipes, the elements to be joined are degreased again, since without this it is simply impossible to achieve an ideal connection.

How to properly weld polypropylene pipes:

1. First, put the fitting on the heated nozzle, since it takes a little longer to heat up compared to the pipe due to its thicker walls. Check that the fitting fits equally tightly to the nozzle along its entire length.
2. Next, a pipe is put on the second nozzle and also checked for a tight fit.
3. Wait for the parts to heat up. If the parts to be welded do not fit tightly to the nozzles, they are turned until a tighter contact is achieved, but no more than 10 degrees.
4. The welding time for polypropylene pipes is calculated according to the table given, depending on the diameter of the pipeline.
5. After heating is completed, remove the pipe and fitting from the nozzles and then connect them with a uniform, slow movement without turning along the axis, inserting the pipe into the fitting to the mark to the full depth.
6. Hold the parts for a few seconds until the seam cools and the polypropylene loses its elasticity.

Welding polypropylene pipes with electrofitting

The welding machine is prepared in the same way as for polyfusion welding.

Technology for installing polypropylene pipes using electrofitting:

1. Cut the pipes into pieces of the required length using the available tools.
2. Inspect the pipes and prepare the welding machine.
3. Clean the oxidized layer and degrease both the outer surface of the pipes and the inner surface of the electrical fitting.
4. Make a mark where the pipe enters the fitting.
5. Insert the pipe into the electrical fitting and securely fix the parts in this position, since during heating the volume of polypropylene increases, as a result of which the pipe is pushed out of the fitting under pressure.
6. Connect the electric welding machine to the network and wait for it to heat up to operating temperature.
7. Connect the welding machine to the electrical fitting with contact wires.
8. The welding process is started by pressing the “start” button, and it is turned off automatically.
9. About correctness welding process judged by the control points on the fitting, through which the ejection of plastic can be seen.

Polypropylene pipes: how to install the parts to be welded into the nozzles of the welding machine

Upon completion of welding of polypropylene pipes, the connection must be maintained until completely cooled. The cooling process of the joint should occur naturally. After the parts have cooled, they will set, as they say, “tightly.”

The parts must be connected in such a way that “noises” do not form outside and especially inside the pipes, which can lead to a deterioration in the conductivity of the pipeline.

Compared to metal pipes, plastic products connect much stronger and, accordingly, more reliably. Almost any section of the polypropylene piping system can be replaced without the need to dismantle the entire system.

The welded joint must be used at least 1 hour after the last weld is made.

Advice! It is important to allow the weld to fully cool and set, as this affects the future ability to withstand the required loads. In addition, during cooling, the junction must be freed from any mechanical influences (compression, rotation, pressure, etc.).

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Cold welding method for polypropylene pipes

Polypropylene pipes can also be joined independently by cold welding - using aggressive glue:

1. In this case, the pipes are cut and prepared using a method similar to the method used in conventional welding.
2. Fittings and pipes are pre-marked in accordance with correct position parts (in accordance with the wiring, with right angle along the horizon, etc.).
3. Apply glue to each of the parts to be joined, after which they are quickly connected and pressed.
4. The elements are fixed in this position for 15 seconds.

Water supply can be carried out no earlier than an hour after the completion of the pipeline installation work. During this hour, complete immobility of the system must be ensured.

It should be noted that the adhesive connection of polypropylene pipes is not inferior in strength to a welded one. However, connecting plastic pipes in this way is only suitable for supply water supply cold water.

If the purpose of the system is to transport gas or hot water, the pipeline must be made of metal pipes, or polypropylene pipes must be connected using one of the methods described earlier.

Typical mistakes when welding polypropylene pipes

If when connecting the fitting and plastic pipe the pipe will not be inserted to the internal stop (the gap will be significantly larger than 1 mm), then there will be a gap between the internal stop of the fitting and the end of the pipe.

On a pipeline prepared for operation, this gap will be a section with a wall of smaller thickness and, accordingly, a larger internal diameter compared to the original pipe. In this case, the design pressure of this section will be lower than that of the remaining parts of the pipeline, i.e. the site will become a “weak link”.

Another common mistake is using too much force when aligning the heated pipe with the fitting. In this case, an internal bead is squeezed out between the internal stop of the pipe and the end of the pipe, subsequently creating a noticeable obstacle to the transported medium.

Technology for welding polypropylene pipes: technology, time, required kit, how to solder correctly

This article describes the technology of welding polypropylene pipes. Explanations are given on how to properly weld polypropylene pipes, a table is provided

Do-it-yourself technology for welding polypropylene pipes: overview of methods + installation example

Repair or replacement of communications made of polymer pipes cannot be done without carrying out a procedure such as welding. How to properly weld polypropylene pipes with your own hands and what to consider when joining elements, we will consider in the article.

Pipes and auxiliary elements for assembly

One of the undeniable advantages of polymer pipes is their ease of assembly.

Installation of elements can be done almost anywhere: laying open method on the walls or placed hidden under the floor.

Polymer pipes are produced with diameters from 20 to 110 mm. For household purposes, products of sizes 20/25/32/40 mm are most often used. The area of ​​application determines the nominal pressure of the material. In the marking it is designated by the letters “PN”:

• PN 10 - chosen for the installation of cold water supply.
• PN 16 - used for cold water, but with higher pressure, as well as when installing a “warm floor” system.
• PN 20 – products, the only limiter of which is the temperature regime of the liquids transported through them. It should not exceed 75 °C.
• PN 25 are universal products used for the installation of both “cold” and “hot” systems, the temperature of which reaches 90°C.

On sale you can find polymer products equipped with additional reinforcement.

The main feature of polymer pipes is their inability to bend. Therefore, all changes in the trajectory of the laid highway are carried out only from straight sections connected to each other by auxiliary fittings:

• crosses - for the possibility of branching the main flow;
• tees – flow multipliers;
• couplings - for connecting pipes in a straight section;
• bends - for changing the direction of the pipeline.

Fittings can be equipped with fused metal threads, which make it possible to connect a polymer pipeline with metal elements.

When choosing auxiliary elements two parameters should be taken as a basis: the internal cross-section of the products and the thickness of their walls. These parameters must match technical specifications polypropylene pipes used.

Methods for connecting polymer pipes

When joining pipes made of polymer materials, depending on the installation conditions, one of two methods is used:

1. Soldering involves heating and joining the molten ends of elements.
2. Without soldering - involves connecting pipes using compression fittings or by implementing so-called “cold” welding.

The second installation method is convenient in the sense that there is no need to use special equipment to implement it. All work can be done using simple tool– crimp key.

Connection Tools

The main tool used to join plastic pipes is a welding iron. This is a kind of soldering iron that operates from a 220V network. The principle of operation of the device is quite simple. The role of the heating element of the iron is performed by a welding heating element placed in a metal casing. It heats the stove to a predetermined temperature, which heats the nozzles. For supporting optimal temperature The thermostat responds to the nozzles.

The iron comes with heating pads standard sizes. Heating to a certain temperature, they soften propylene to a viscosity that will ensure a tight connection of the elements. Nozzles are selected depending on the diameter of the pipes used:

• Size 20 – for pipes with a diameter of half an inch;
• 25th – for products with a diameter of 0.75 inches;
• 40th - for elements with a cross section of 1.25 inches.

Since the cost of such a welding machine is quite high, and it is not necessary to use it very often, there is no point in purchasing equipment. It is better to rent the tool for a day or two.

For high-quality cutting and preparation of welded areas, it is best to use a special tool designed for this purpose - a pipe cutter. With its help you can get an even, smooth and beautiful cut.

In the absence of a pipe cutter, the work can be done with a grinder or a hacksaw. The only thing is that after such tools a fringe remains at the cut site. But it won’t be difficult to remove by sanding it with a strip of sandpaper.

In addition to the basic tools for the work, you will also need:

• square;
• construction tape;
• a simple pencil or marker.

When planning to connect pipes using the “cold” welding method, it is necessary to purchase in advance a thermoactive adhesive made on the basis of polyester or epoxy resin, or its thermoplastic analogue made on the basis of rubber.

Main stages of soldering technology

The key conditions for successful installation of a plumbing system made of polymers are careful calculation of the required material and competently performed welding of the elements.

Calculation of volumes of material and components

To make your work easier, thereby minimizing errors during installation, the first step is to draw a diagram of the future system, indicating on it the number of turns and branches. When calculating the number of pipes, 25-40 mm spent on “penetration” should be added to each length of the segment.

If you have never welded polypropylene pipes, experienced specialists recommend purchasing several pieces of pipe for preliminary training. Such costs will be inexpensive and will allow you to avoid gross mistakes when installing the system.

A feature of polymer pipes is the increase in the coefficient of linear expansion under the influence of high temperatures. As a result, when heated or pressure increases inside the system, the pipes elongate and begin to sag over time. To prevent this phenomenon, when laying sections longer than 4-5 meters, it will also be necessary to use compensators.

Compensators are installed on both horizontal and vertical sections, mounting them between two fixed supports. If necessary, special modifications of compensators can be purchased that can eliminate linear expansion at corner bends of the pipeline.

Let's find out how to properly weld polypropylene pipes so that there are no leaks at the joints.

Soldering of pipeline elements

Briefly, the essence of the technology for welding polypropylene pipes is that, under the influence of high temperature, the ends of the joined elements are heated and connected by tightly pressing them together.

Before starting work, pieces of pipes cut to the specified length eliminate irregularities and burrs. If the pipe has a layer of internal or external foil, it must first be cleaned with a trimmer equipped with well-sharpened and adjusted knives.

When stripping using a trimmer, the pipe must be buried into the tool until it stops.

The work of welding plastic pipes with your own hands is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Connect the soldering iron to the power supply in order to heat the equipment to the optimal temperature of 260-270°C.
2. The pipe sections to be connected are simultaneously put on the nozzles, ensuring the most even fit. This work must be performed quickly and confidently.
3. After waiting the time specified in the instructions until the fittings and pipe ends melt, remove the elements from the heating nozzles.
4. Dock the molten ends together, gently pressing them into each other for 15-20 seconds.
5. The fastened parts are left in a static position so that the seam cools completely and the joint becomes monolithic.

You can determine the heating duration from the instructions supplied with the equipment or using the table below.

The heating time requirements indicated in the table cannot be ignored. Insufficient heating cannot provide reliable connection. Excessive overheating will cause the polypropylene to “leak” and parts to become deformed. As a consequence: protrusions are formed on the inner surface of the welds, which will significantly reduce the diameter of the pipeline.

After polymerization is complete and hardening, which takes about 20 seconds, the joint is ready. Using the same technology, all subsequent nodes are soldered until the bitter end, until the water supply system is completely assembled.

Typical installation mistakes

The main mistakes that novice craftsmen make when working with polymer products:

1. Heating of parts. When heated, the parts should be positioned as level as possible. The slightest displacement can negatively affect the performance parameters of the entire plumbing system.
2. Joining of polymerized ends. When applying pressure to the molten ends of the elements, you cannot rotate the parts around their axis. This may result in the seam not being strong enough.
3. Alignment adjustment. When joining elements, only a slight adjustment of their alignment is allowed, the duration of which is no more than 1-2 seconds.

Another important point: when soldering taps, it is necessary to take into account the location of the valves, ensuring they have free full movement.

If, after joining the elements, there are doubts about the quality of any seam, it is better to cut out the joint and redo it again. It is better to eliminate defects at the stage of installation of the structure, since replacing a leaking joint in a neglected system is much more problematic.

Assembling elements without soldering

The use of compression fittings and modern adhesive compositions makes it possible to install polypropylene pipes efficiently, quickly and with minimal material investments.

By installing a compression fitting

To implement this connection method, you will need to purchase compression fittings and use a crimp wrench.

Installation of a compression fitting includes three main stages:

1. Place a blue nut on the end of the pipe, cut at a right angle and cleared of burrs. When placing the ferrule white it must be given a position in which the thickened part is directed towards the tail of the pipe.
2. The pipe is inserted into the fitting until it stops, pushing the clamping ring to the maximum.
3. Tighten the blue nut, “tightening” it first by hand, and then tightening it with a wrench.

Assembly of compression fittings does not require special knowledge or skills. Products are supplied for sale completely ready for installation. Their installation can be performed under any temperature conditions.

By gluing elements

The adhesive method is used to assemble a water pipeline through which it is planned to transport only cold water. To apply the “cold” welding method, you will need to use an “aggressive” adhesive composition such as LN-915.

To protect the skin of your hands from accidental contact with the composition and “corrosion” by its active components, it is better to perform gluing operations while wearing protective gloves.

Sequence of actions when gluing products:

1. Check the correspondence of the cut angles of the joined sections and mark the places for gluing with a pencil.
2. Clean and degrease the ends of the pipes to be connected.
3. An adhesive composition is applied evenly to the ends of the pipes and the area of ​​the fitting sockets.
4. The pipe sections are inserted into the fitting holes, focusing on the marks made in pencil. The structure is kept in a fixed position for three minutes, after which excess compounds are removed with a napkin.
5. The combined elements are laid out on a flat surface and left for 5-6 hours until completely dry.

You can run water to check the quality of gluing only a day after completion of installation.

When implementing this method, it is important to observe two main conditions: temperature and humidity conditions. All work must be performed at an air temperature of +5, +35°C. When gluing in hot weather conditions, the work should be done as quickly as possible so that the glue does not have time to dry before installation is completed.

Do-it-yourself technology for welding polypropylene pipes

Review of methods for welding polypropylene pipes with your own hands. Guide to joining pipes by welding, compression fittings and gluing

Manual and mechanical welding of polypropylene water pipes

High-quality, practical and durable pipes made of synthetic materials replace less durable, massive and difficult to install metal pipes. Plastic pipes are used for the installation of heating systems and water mains. The main advantage is that high-quality welding of polypropylene pipes with your own hands, with the necessary equipment, is accessible even to non-professionals. The safe operating temperature for plastic pipes is from -10 to + 90 degrees Celsius.

Water supply and heating systems are created from polypropylene pipes

Advantages of polypropylene pipes

Long operating time, high coolant temperature and no corrosion on the internal walls, low weight and quick way welding of polypropylene pipes - these are the main advantages of polypropylene (PP) pipes. The cost of reinforced plastic pipe, which is used, for example, in heating systems, is comparable to the price metal pipeline, but durability is much greater. Even a novice installation engineer knows how to weld a polypropylene pipe correctly.

The marking code for polypropylene pipes adopted by manufacturers around the world is letter designation PN, which means polypropylene, and a numerical code indicating the maximum operating pressure of the pipe. The marking indicates where the product can be used and how to properly prepare heating from a polypropylene pipe of this type.

Installed heating pipes must withstand significant pressure, taking into account constant heating.

Technical characteristics of pipes are indicated on the outside of the product

In the absence of direct heating of the outer side of the polypropylene pipe from heat sources - heating boiler, direct Sun rays, industrial equipment - the plumbing system will work without failures. Temperature is also important; welding a polypropylene pipe with your own hands will be flawless if you strictly adhere to the heating regime of the parts and the minimum number of parts connected using the butt method.

Methods for connecting PP pipes

In order to install the system correctly, it is necessary to accurately follow the installation technology of PP pipes. The intended purpose of the project determines the sequence of assembly of the system and how to properly weld (cook) a polypropylene pipe.

• coupling connection - in this case, the end part of the PP pipe is spliced ​​with the continuing outlet using a fitting in the form of a coupling. In this case, the technology most often used for welding polypropylene pipes is when the outer surfaces of the polypropylene pipes and the inner surfaces of the coupling are heated, the so-called “socket” welding. The result is a strong, reliable and hermetically sealed connection, subject to all welding stages and heating temperatures. The method of socket welding of polypropylene pipes is the most common;
• butt connection. The surfaces to be welded are the end sections of the leading branch and the mating part of the polypropylene pipeline. Butt welding is most often used when laying pipes of large diameter (40 mm and above).
• The technology for welding large-diameter polypropylene pipes involves the use of special, professional equipment. The connection is highly durable. If the temperature and clamping force are chosen correctly, the connection is sealed;
• connection using clamping or self-locking fittings. It is rational to use for main pipelines with low level pressure;
• cold welding of polypropylene pipe.

The use of adhesives and quickly hardening components with high adhesion to create durable and airtight seams.

Small diameter pipes are most easily connected using fittings

Cold welding allows you to solve the problem of how to weld a polypropylene pipe for heating in places where it is not possible to use electrical equipment.

Important! The quality of joints depends no less on the class of welding equipment than on the qualifications of the installer. Pipes must be prepared for welding. The presence of dirt, water, organic substances and poor-quality cutting, welding of PP pipes at a temperature lower than the plastic melt leads to weak seams, and as a result, the tightness of the joints is out of the question.

Manual welding technology for polypropylene pipes

In order to weld PP pipes, you need to stock up on the necessary equipment and components. First of all, a detailed project is drawn up, an assembly option is determined, and a decision is made on how to weld a polypropylene pipe with fittings and a mating part of the pipeline. Based on the configuration and geometric shape of the future pipeline, the welding for the polypropylene pipe is determined, which would be better suited for a specific project and will not entail an increase in construction costs. The number of rotary fittings, branch tees and couplings and the installation procedure are calculated, which is also the procedure for welding polypropylene pipes.

During installation, it is possible to adjust the pipe routing, but due to the ease of connection this does not cause any particular problems.

Manual welding of polypropylene pipes does not require a large supply of tools or special skills. Precise adherence to the assembly sequence makes it possible to create a reliable plumbing or heating system that is sealed along its entire length.

Manual welding of pipes is carried out using a compact heating device

Tools and Equipment:

• scissors or plastic pipe cutter. Preferable are guillotine-type scissors, with a powerful blade and a toothed force transmission unit;
• tool for stripping reinforced PP pipes. It is a special cutter, and in its primitive form a durable knife with a comfortable handle and a short blade;
• To degrease the surface, it is advisable to use alcohol components. As a rule, ethyl (isobutyl) alcohol is used. Acetone, which is very common as a degreaser for paints and varnishes, is not suitable for PP pipes - it simply destroys the surface, making it loose and fragile;
• A soldering iron for polypropylene pipes is a surface heated to a selected temperature (at least 260 degrees Celsius) - a mandrel - on which nozzles for pipes and fittings are attached. Soldering irons come in tube-shaped and elongated hammer shapes. It is more convenient to weld pipes in hard-to-reach places with a pipe-shaped soldering iron;
• A regular construction tape will help avoid waste of materials. Correctly measured length of the section will minimize the number of cuts and adjustments;
• template in the form of a short piece of pipe of larger diameter. The length of the template must exactly match the depth of insertion of the pipe into the fitting. It is better and more convenient to use a template with a bottom. Butt welding does not require the use of templates.

If the technology for welding a polypropylene pipe for heating is correctly followed, then after the weld has cooled, an even, neat bead is formed, the same in height along its entire length.

Important! Excess molten plastic inside the parts being welded will lead to a reduction in the internal cross-section of the pipeline. This leads to an unplanned increase in pressure, and impairs the permeability of water or coolant inside the heating system. The more careful the approach to soldering, the better quality welds.

Installation steps and soldering features

Strict adherence to all stages of pipeline creation is necessary; this is the only way to obtain a reliable system.

The procedure is as follows:

1. PP pipes are being prepared for work. A thorough inspection of the outside will allow you to identify, even before the assembly stage, those pipes that may have manufacturing defects. This is especially important for pipes from which it is mounted hidden system heating. The heating temperature of the pipes is determined.
2. The surface for installation is prepared. A preliminary calculation of the attachment points of the PP pipeline distribution branches is carried out, and problem areas of the future system are determined: the intersection of walls and ceilings, the procedure for connecting to existing ones engineering communications. Welding a polypropylene pipe directly with your own hands is not difficult, although sometimes you have to weld the elements of the system one by one.
3. Tools are being prepared. The trimming blade must be sharpened in such a way as to create an even, perpendicular cut without changing the geometry of the pipes.
4. The nozzles of the pipe iron (soldering iron) must be clean, free of traces of melted plastic and other contaminants. Clean the soldering iron nozzles during heating using a cotton cloth or a wood chip. The manufacturer informs the buyer about how to properly weld a polypropylene pipe of each specific type - the instructions for the soldering equipment indicate the temperature level and warm-up time.
5. The nozzles are installed on the soldering iron, heated to the melting temperature of the polypropylene pipe, welding occurs due to the softening of the outer layer of the pipes or the inner surface of the fitting. Installation is carried out correctly if the heating temperature of the components corresponds to the cross-section of the pipe and fitting.

A high-quality tool has heat adjustment and a stable stand. Welding pipes with such a soldering iron is convenient and safe if minimal care is taken.

Long-distance industrial pipelines, technological systems, and heating systems that use large-diameter pipes are usually connected to each other using special equipment necessary for uniform heating of the connected sections. This is exactly how polypropylene pipes are welded; the heating temperature is controlled automatically by the machine.

A special machine is used for butt welding of large diameter pipes

It is customary to weld a pipeline line end-to-end, and in the presence of a mechanical welding complex, the connection is very strong.

Components of a stationary automatic welding complex:

• a supporting frame on which all components are mounted;
• mechanical saw for cutting pipes;
• automatic grippers for pp pipes;
• internal self-leveling liners for reliable fixation of pipes;
• electronic temperature control unit;
• a heating element.

How to weld a polypropylene pipe using a welding machine

The sequence of actions when working with a mechanical welding machine is slightly different from working with a hand soldering iron. The technology for welding polypropylene pipes in automatic mode is similar to manual soldering, with the exception that the stripping (trimming) of the pipe occurs using a mechanical saw, and the clamping of the pipes at the soldering site is provided by mechanical grips. The process is called butt welding of polypropylene pipes.

Control of the heating temperature level when welding polypropylene pipes and automatic shutdown of the heating element is provided by the control system unit.

Butt welding of a polypropylene pipe using an automatic unit takes a minimum of time and is characterized by high quality seam joints. The precise welding temperature of polypropylene pipe is another advantage of the automatic system. This is important for heating systems, but the cost of professional equipment is quite high. But this problem can be solved simply: you can rent the necessary devices.

Welding of polypropylene pipes

Welding of polypropylene pipes. Manual apparatus for welding. Stationary equipment for welding polypropylene pipes. Features of soldering polypropylene pipes.

Polypropylene pipe welding technology

Soldering of polypropylene pipes is carried out using special devices that provide precise control over the time and temperature of melting of parts. For cold water systems, the use of cold (glue) welding is allowed.

How to choose a device?

According to their shape, all devices for welding polypropylene pipes are divided into:

• Sword-shaped (“irons”): inexpensive devices designed for welding pipes with a diameter of up to 40 mm, with a heating element in the form of a plate into the holes of which paired nozzles are inserted - replaceable couplings and mandrels. The Teflon coating prevents the plastic from sticking to the metal. They are used mainly for periodic or one-time work. If you have chosen just such a device, in addition to its power and methods of thermoregulation, it is necessary to check the stability of the structure.
• Cylindrical: semi-professional and professional units, the heating element in which has the shape of a straight or side cylinder. The L-shaped welding machine with a side cylinder can be used for soldering in hard-to-reach places.

The speed of operations directly depends on the power of the device. For one-time work, it is better to purchase a medium-power tool. You should focus on the diameter of the pipes. For example, if it is 40 mm, this figure is multiplied by 10, plus 20-40% of the margin is added. That is, 40 x 10 + 80 = 480 W. We round the figure to 500 W. For larger diameter pipes (for example, 16 cm), you will need a professional, expensive unit with a power of 1800-2000 W.

The heating level, information about which is displayed on the display, is set by the thermostat. Devices with electronic or microprocessor thermostats are considered more accurate, allowing the temperature to be measured as accurately as possible. In capillary and bimetallic thermostats, the measurement error increases.

Too many attachments on construction hair dryer, used in everyday life, is not necessary - it is enough to purchase a device with nozzles with a diameter of 20, 25 and 32 mm. Moreover, hand tools welding pipes with a diameter of more than 40-60 mm is problematic. The soldering iron kit may include additional tools: chamfer, cutter, shaver for stripping reinforced plastic, calibration device, trimmer, etc. They can also be purchased separately.

Process technology

Depending on the type of connection, welding of polypropylene pipes can be carried out:

• Socket: in a similar way, pipes of small diameter (up to 40 mm) are connected in heating and water supply systems. Centering and compression are ensured by the calculated dimensions of the pipe and coupling or other shaped product (tee, adapter, etc.). In normal condition, the pipe diameter is slightly larger internal diameter couplings, after melting them and applying a little physical force, the pipe enters the coupling to a depth equal to the heating depth, forming a strong and reliable fastening. A certain time is allowed for polymerization.
• Butt: for connecting parts of the same type and equal diameter. The ends of the pipes are located on the same axis, that is, end to end. As a result of simultaneous heating and mechanical compression of the parts, polypropylene interpenetrates. To achieve this effect, the use of special machines is required. IN living conditions the method is not used; it is used for welding thick-walled large-diameter pipes in pipelines.

Pipes with a diameter of 4 cm or more are very difficult to connect and center manually. For such work, electrofusion units with alignment devices are used. Such devices operate automatically and are high-tech, expensive equipment.

What heating temperature is needed?

To obtain a strong connection, it is important to determine the exact heating temperature. If it deviates in one direction or another, there is a risk of damage to the plastic during operation and leaks. At low temperatures, the plastic will not melt enough, and the fastening will be fragile. If there is an excess of it, it will be excessively deformed, and due to the formation of sagging, the diameter of the hole will decrease. Yes, and inserting an overheated and too softened pipe into the fitting will be problematic.

The temperature of the heating element is set by a mechanical (bimetallic) or electronic thermostat. If working with polyethylene requires a temperature within 220°C (±5), then polypropylene is welded at a higher temperature of 260°C. Experts advise that when purchasing a welding machine, immediately set the desired temperature and do not change it in the future. On old “soldering irons” it is not adjustable at all, but such devices are quite suitable for use.

The heating time of the pipes depends on their diameter. It must be followed exactly:

• 20 mm: heating takes no more than 6 seconds;
• 25 mm: 7 seconds are enough for soldering;
• 32 mm: processing time 8 seconds;
• 40 mm: heat up 12 seconds.

Modern machines for welding polypropylene are equipped with a light or sound warning system. You just need to set the desired temperature and time.

You should also pay attention to the ambient temperature. In cold rooms, the heating time of the soldering iron is increased by 2-3 seconds. Although it is better to select this time experimentally. At air temperatures below +5°C, the heating time increases by 50%.

Despite the apparent simplicity - heated, connected, cooled - there are many points in welding polypropylene that should not be missed:

• If you have a complete lack of experience, it is better to first practice on a piece of pipe, because heated polypropylene does not retain its plasticity for long, during which time you need to have time to connect the elements without distortions, fix them firmly and, without changing their position in any way, wait until they cool completely.
• Pipes and fittings from different companies, even of the same diameter, should not be welded together - due to the difference in chemical composition it will be impossible to achieve a reliable connection.
• To obtain an even cut at exactly 90°, use only a very sharp tool. All burrs are carefully cleaned.
• You need to buy only high-quality plastic - if you choose products from a dubious manufacturer, the pipeline may leak.
• It is prohibited to work in weight; the welding iron must have a stand. It is more convenient if it is attached to the table in the form of a screw clamp.
• Since the fitting takes a little longer to warm up, it is put on the nozzle first.
• You should not hesitate too much and delay the interval between heating and installation - the welding will be fragile.
• The pipe must be inserted into the fitting all the way, otherwise it will leak over time in the place where the gap is formed due to a decrease in the wall thickness.
• Plastic melts formed during the welding process should not be removed immediately - a connection that has not cooled down is easily deformed. Although, of course, in an experienced master, swims appear very rarely.
• Rotating or screwing in parts when connecting is prohibited; movement must be done only in a straight line.
• Excessive force during connection is also unacceptable - as a result, a large influx of plastic may form in the pipe, preventing the passage of liquid.
• An accidentally damaged fitting should be replaced with a new one; soldering it end-to-end with a pipe is unacceptable.
• Some Chinese and Turkish-made units are equipped with two heating elements with separate switches. But to avoid the risk of polypropylene overheating, you should not use both at once; let the second heater be only a spare.
• The cooling time should be approximately equal to the heating time. You should not shorten this period, otherwise the connection will be fragile.
• The pipe joints should not be dirty - welding dusty and dirty products can lead to loss of strength. Additionally, the surfaces to be welded are degreased with acetone, gasoline or white alcohol. It is prohibited to use ordinary vodka for these purposes, as it can loosen plastic.
• Ingress of moisture is also unacceptable. If water accumulates in the pipes, they are filled with salt or bread crumb; to remove them after welding, they should be rinsed well.
• For hot water systems, polypropylene reinforced with foil or fiberglass is used. When stripping the foil, even a small remaining piece is enough to cause a leak to form during operation; it must be carefully removed along the entire length of the solder. Stripping the fiberglass is not required - this material solders very well.
• Not only the cleanliness of the pipes, but also the soldering iron itself is important. After each operation, any remaining plastic must be completely removed.

Cold welding

Joining polypropylene using a special glue (cold welding) is no less strong than fixing it using the hot welding method. However, it is used only for pipes supplying cold water. After all, glue can soften under the influence of high temperatures.

The installation process is simple:

1. The pipes are cut exactly at an angle of 90° and cleaned of burrs, dust and dirt.
2. Markings are applied to fittings and pipes in such a way that when they are connected, there is no gap of more than 1 mm between the fitting stop and the pipe.
3. Glue thin layer distributed to each of the parts.
4. They are fastened together.
5. The connection is fixed by hand in a stationary position for 15 seconds.
6. You can connect the water an hour after cold welding.

Do-it-yourself welding of polypropylene pipes for beginners: video, instructions on which welding machine to choose

Technology for welding polypropylene pipes Soldering polypropylene pipes is carried out using special devices that provide precise control over the time and temperature of melting of parts.

Having appeared relatively recently, polypropylene pipes immediately won the sympathy of plumbers and ordinary people. Eco-friendly, quality material assumes long term services, and correct installation allows you to ensure reliable tightness of joints. The versatility of such pipes is of no small importance. They are used in water supply, various irrigation and drainage systems. They can be used for heating systems. The main thing is to know how to weld polypropylene pipes as correctly and reliably as possible. To do this, you will need information about these modern products.

Advantages of polypropylene pipes

• The type of material allows the pipes to have high stability to chemicals, and also does not accumulate dirt inside the pipe.
• The price of pipes, fittings and other components necessary for installation is significantly lower than similar plastic materials.

In the overwhelming majority, all shortcomings that arise during installation are associated with non-compliance technological process and incorrect selection of fittings and taps.

Which pipes are right for you?

In order for a heating or water supply system made from polypropylene pipes to be reliable for a long time, you need to choose them correctly.

• To do this, you need to know the operating conditions
• The right one throughput pipe or its diameter
• Operating conditions
• Fluid temperature and pressure.

Knowing these parameters, you need to select the appropriate brand of pipes:

• PPH – for cold water supply and ventilation
• PPB – for heating and hot water supply
• PPR – for heating and cold and hot water supply systems.

The latest type of polypropylene pipes is universal. High performance characteristics allow them to be used for the widest possible use.

Tools you'll need

In addition to the actual consumables (pipes, taps, fittings), installation will require a set of appropriate tools:

1. Welding machine
2. Pipe cutter or scissors
3. Nozzles for the device of various diameters
4. Roulette
5. Marker

How to prepare pipes

Having measured the required section of the pipe, a mark is made with a marker. Then, using a pipe cutter or scissors, which should be positioned strictly perpendicular to the pipe being cut, the required part of the product is cut off.

Particular attention should be paid to quality and sharpness cutting tool. If it's not sharp enough, you'll be crushing the pipe instead of cutting it.

Since the reinforced pipe contains an aluminum layer, it is necessary to get rid of it. The fact is that over time, aluminum foil will begin to deteriorate from contact with water. To do this, use a stripping device to remove the top and foil layers.

For elements without a reinforcing aluminum layer, mark the welding depth at the end of the pipe, depending on the length of the couplings.

Then you should degrease the welding areas using alcohol-containing liquids. This will make the connection more reliable and durable.

In this case, you should carefully inspect the surface of the pipes being welded. Any tiny particle that gets into a seam can ruin not only this joint, but the entire system.

Preparing the welding machine

The pipe welding machine requires certain preparation before installation. You need to choose an even one, smooth surface and install the device on it. All parts of the welding unit must be dry and clean. If necessary, wipe them with alcohol. Elements used for heating must be installed when the device is turned off.

When the welding machine is connected to the network, the indicators on the housing light up. One indicator is designed to monitor the heating temperature. It should go out when the heating reaches the required value. It is recommended that after the light goes out, wait 5 minutes and then start welding the products. The second indicator is a control indicator; it indicates that the device is connected to the network.

A sleeve is used to heat the pipe itself; a mandrel is provided to heat the fittings.

What does the cooking process consist of?

After the apparatus has heated up, the elements to be welded are placed in the designated places. This operation must be performed simultaneously and some effort must be made.

When the parts (pipe and fitting) are installed on the welding machine, the heating time starts counting. The correctly selected period of time ensures optimal melting of the material and reliability of the seam. The absolute heating time depends on the pipe diameter, which you can see in the table above.

Then the heated parts are removed from the apparatus and joined. Pre-made marks will help you connect the parts correctly. Twisting and turning elements is strictly prohibited. This will lead to disruption of the joint. In addition, you need to make sure that no sagging appears in the heated parts.

Now you should carefully put the welded element aside until it cools completely. If you did everything as expected, you should have a reliable and tight connection.

We insert the pipe, but pay attention, then you cannot turn the pipe.

Video - soldering polypropylene pipes

Welding of polypropylene pipes has become widespread. Rolled plastic pipes, due to their low cost and ease of installation, have firmly taken a leading position in the installation of water supply and thermal communications.

These structures are not as durable as their metal counterparts, however, most people prefer plastic. An important and sometimes decisive role in the choice is played by the simplicity and speed of installation. And the soldering method when connecting polypropylene (PP) elements of the highway makes it possible to build a reliable and robust construction in a matter of minutes.

How to properly solder polypropylene pipes - general concepts

At first glance, this process seems very simple. They heat up the elements, connect them, and fasten them. But practice has proven that there are many nuances in such actions, neglect of which will lead to a poor-quality result, that is, a poorly functioning highway, and novice craftsmen need to pay close attention to certain points.

The main problem is that poorly done work can only be determined after a certain time of operation of the highway. Therefore, it is so important to follow certain rules when doing soldering yourself.

Welding of polypropylene pipes and fittings is based on the thermopolyfusion method. Its essence lies in heating the elements to be welded and quickly joining them. To make the connection we need a special device called a soldering iron.

How does the welding process take place?

Diffusion welding of polypropylene involves joining two heated parts. These parts are subsequently connected. As a result, interpenetration of materials occurs (so-called diffusion) at the junction.

The welder allows you to clearly control the heating temperature during operation. For the joint, it is recommended to take elements from the same material.

Watch a video lesson for beginners - how to solder polypropylene pipes

The physical and chemical characteristics of the welded joint demonstrated by polypropylene are the same as those of the main pipe material. Therefore, a system connected using this method will function reliably and for a long time.

There are several welding methods, which are selected in accordance with the dimensions of the mounted system. These are: butt, bell and saddle soldering.

Necessary tool

In order to form a high-quality connection, you must select a special soldering iron. It is also called “iron for welding PP pipes”.

Welding polypropylene pipes with your own hands using this device is not difficult, and every novice craftsman can do it. The cost of instruments in this line ranges from eight to fourteen thousand rubles. But, it is not recommended to buy such a device for one-time work. This is not economically justified. It is better to rent it from any installation company.

A machine for welding plastic pipes is often sold together with nozzles of different diameters (to make it possible to join pipes of different sections) coated with Teflon. We also need the following tool for work.

1. Pipe cutter. This tool also complements the package of the described device.
2. Shaver. This device is intended for reinforcing layers on reinforced pipe products.
3. Ruler.
4. Means used for degreasing.
5. Fitting.
6. Well sharpened knife.
7. Marker and rag.
8. File.

Preparatory work

After watching the simple socket soldering technology in the video, you can begin practical activities. On initial stage work, it is recommended to visually check the pipe materials for the presence of defects or damage.

If everything is in order, then the cross-section of the pipe assortment must be compared with the diameter of the fittings. They must answer each other exactly.

Then the pipe must be cut according to the right sizes. The cut of tubular products should be strictly perpendicular. On reinforced types, the surfaces are cleaned using a shaver. Next, they work with reinforced material in the same way as with non-reinforced material.

After cutting the workpiece, the future joint must be processed and burrs removed. This can be done with a knife.

Degreasing the ends of welded elements

Unfortunately, many novice specialists ignore this requirement. Yes, the joint can be done without this procedure. But professionals warn that its quality will be significantly lower.

Before you start welding polypropylene pipes with your own hands, you need to wipe the inside of the fitting and the outside of the pipe blank. At the same time, abrasive formations and dust are removed, and these substances spoil the coating of welding equipment nozzles.

The nozzles themselves are treated in the same way. But, before the welding procedure, polypropylene pipes are inspected for the presence of remains of molten plastic. If one is present, then it must be removed immediately.

We mark the landing depth of the pipe product

This is also a very important point for beginners - the ability to correctly mark the depth of fit of the tubular product into the fitting. Shaped elements of different diameters have unequal deepening of the welded joint. For this reason, welding can only be performed after measuring this dimension with a ruler or caliper.

This is necessary to prevent the tubular product from “planting” too deeply. If you ignore this warning, the joint passage will narrow. And this is fraught with ineffective operation of the system in the future. Therefore, this calculation must be performed with extreme accuracy.

Watch a video lesson for beginner welders - how to solder correctly

Marking parts for welding polypropylene pipes is a troublesome task. But, there is a way to significantly save nerves and time. For example, for a pipe assortment with an outer diameter of 20 mm, a ring 15 mm wide is cut out of a piece of 32 mm pipe. It can be used to determine the exact fit dimensions.

How long to heat

Before you start welding plastic lines, the welder must be placed in convenient location and firmly strengthen. Then you can install the attachments. Only now can the equipment be connected to power. Next, the device should warm up. This will take approximately ten minutes.

When the desired temperature is reached, the indicator on the unit should go out. It thus signals that the device is ready for operation.

How to solder - a description of the process technology for beginners

The provided video clearly demonstrates how to weld polypropylene pipes. It explains the entire technology of the process in great detail. A lesson watched before work will make it possible to quickly understand what the technology of welding polypropylene pipes is and shows how it is used in practice.

The video also covers in detail each stage of the action, and how to weld the structure correctly. The material it presents should be studied very carefully; this will ensure that further independent actions will not cause any difficulties.

The video instructions fully confirm that using the welder is not at all difficult. But a novice viewer will notice that all actions are subject to certain rules.

Beginners should definitely watch the video lesson on how to solder correctly.

The temperature is set on the regulator to +260 degrees Celsius. This indicator is called optimal for melting polypropylene products. It is also safe for the Teflon coating of nozzles. There may be no regulator on the device.

This does not mean at all that such a welding unit is not suitable for joining plastic well. This happens for the reason that a temperature other than the specified norm is not used for heating plastic materials. Therefore, there is no need to place much emphasis on this issue.

After this, they begin to do the soldering themselves. The fitting and pipe are simultaneously put on the nozzles. It is necessary to insert the workpiece and the fitting element with noticeable force. This is dictated by the fact that each nozzle on the heating device is made in the shape of a cone with a slope of five degrees.

Only the internal diameter of the surface corresponds to the nominal value. The pipe blank must be inserted all the way, but it must not be pressed further. Strong pressing in this situation can result in the formation of an internal thickening.

Self-welding of polypropylene pipes involves quickly joining heated polypropylene parts. It is also important to remember that the created structure cannot be rotated or moved until it has completely cooled.

It will only take a few seconds to correct a small flaw. Any movements afterwards can have a detrimental effect on the tightness of the created unit.

Temperature standards

Welding of polypropylene pipes, as already indicated, must be carried out according to existing rules. Everything must be done slowly and correctly. All this applies to temperature. When arranging a pipeline, it is very important that not only the welding temperature of polypropylene pipes is maintained, but also the time.

Each welder comes with instructions that contain all the necessary time and temperature standards for products made from different materials. Violation of these recommendations will lead to a decrease in the internal diameter and reduced water circulation in the system.

Experts also tell beginners that it is important not only to simply choose a temperature of 265 degrees. When working, you should pay attention to the following additional nuances:

1. The diameter that the pipe system has.
2. Ambient temperature.
3. Warm-up duration.

Particular attention is paid to the outside air temperature. During installation operations, it is impossible to avoid small interruptions that occur during the removal of heated parts and their coupling.

To avoid the effect of rapid cooling at low temperatures, the polypropylene structure is heated a little longer. The recommended time period is approximately three seconds. But, in each case this is decided individually.

When deciding the issue of temperature standards, it is necessary to take into account the diameters of the parts being fastened. This also affects the duration and degree of warming up.

This work can be greatly facilitated if you use special tables. They can be found in the instructions for soldering irons, or on our website.

How to solder correctly - important nuances of soldering

If you act according established rules, then welding polypropylene pipes and fittings is not difficult. Even an inexperienced and novice craftsman can easily construct a plumbing or heating system from plastic.

Before you make a PP network with your own hands, it is better to negotiate with someone you know for help. It is more convenient to solder when one person holds the welder, and the second joins the heated parts.

Watch the video: soldering and typical beginner mistakes

Most common mistake, which is done by inexperienced craftsmen, is overheating of parts. Because of this, the lumen of the pipe assortment narrows.

Despite the large number of nuances that need to be performed, special knowledge is not needed for such actions, and anyone can do this independently at home.

Carrying out polyfusion welding work

After necessary work Once the parts and tools have been prepared, welding can begin. In order to cook everything correctly, you need to watch the video, following the instructions for beginners given in it.

• Place the fitting onto the nozzle heated to operating level. It requires more heating time than usual, this is due to the fact that its walls are thicker, unlike polypropylene pipes.
• Place a plastic tube on the second nozzle of the welding machine only after the fitting has started heating.
• Now wait until both parts warm up to the required temperature.
• After this they need to be connected. If they do not have tight contact, then you need to rotate them 10 degrees during the welding process itself.
• In order for the connection to be of high quality, the soldering time must be calculated. To do this, you need to use a special table; soldering time will depend on the diameter.
• When the elements have heated up, they must be removed and connected with a smooth movement, inserting the pipe into the fitting, according to the pre-set mark.
• Keep both parts tightly closed for a while until the connecting seam cools down, as in the video.

Please note that for high-quality soldering it is necessary to make precise connections, without excess melting of the working plastic material. The influx of excess polypropylene will lead to a decrease in the conductivity of the pipeline due to a decrease in its diameter. And this is an indication that the welding of polypropylene pipes was carried out incorrectly.

Soldering using an electrical fitting

The process of preparing an electrofitting apparatus for soldering is completely the same as that of a polyfusion one. But the soldering method itself is slightly different.

1. It is necessary to prepare segments of a given length.
2. Inspect all parts for damage.
3. Prepare your welding machine.
4. The entire surface must be cleaned of oxidation. Also degrease all parts intended for connection.
5. Now, when inserting the tube into the fitting, make a mark with a construction marker.
6. Connect the electrical fitting to the soldering iron with special wires.
7. To start welding, insert the pipe into the electrical fitting.
8. Switch the toggle switch to “On” and everything will happen automatically.
9. The fact that the soldering is complete will be indicated by special marks on the fitting; polypropylene will come out there.

When welding is completed, the joint must undergo a natural cooling process. When all the parts have cooled, and if all the technology was carried out without violations, then the joint will be very reliable.

What to avoid when welding

At the time of connecting work of fittings and parts plastic construction, they must fit tightly to avoid a gap exceeding 1 mm, otherwise there will be a gap between the internal stops and the end, which will negatively affect the further operation of the entire system.

Watch video lesson for beginners

Do not perform unnecessary forceful actions when connecting parts, because this will lead to the formation of a burr on the internal stop of the pipe and its end, which will create an obstacle to the conductivity of liquids inside it.

Laying methods

The issue of wiring PP systems becomes the first issue during installation work. In this case, you have to decide whether to hide the pipe system in the walls, or pull it openly. This is especially critical for small apartments, because communications take up a lot of space.

Open installation is the installation of a pipeline over a wall or floor.

If possible, the structure is hidden under a decorative building. The advantages in this situation are the following:

• Possibility to lay pipes from any material.
• Simple installation steps.
• Simple layout.
• Low cost.
• Possibility to constantly monitor the pipe system.

The disadvantages of such designs are:

• Unpresentable appearance.
• Significant losses usable area. This is very painful for small room, where a couple of extra centimeters is extra bed, where the plumbing will be.

Concealed installation is a structure that is distinguished by its aesthetic appearance, as the main line runs through the wall or floor.

This option allows you to avoid losing usable space. But it is not without its drawbacks, such as:

1. the ability to take rolled pipes only from certain materials;
2. labor-intensive preparatory work. More complex installation;
3. the impossibility of carrying out repairs without dismantling and destroying the structure.

We carry out wiring of PP networks

Once the method of laying the pipeline has been determined, and we know the dimensions of the plumbing fixtures, we can develop the layout of the system that will need to be laid in the apartment or house.

The plan determines the exact locations for installing equipment. All measurements must be carried out with maximum accuracy. Before you start welding, you need to familiarize yourself with the following recommendations. These rules are simple:

• Pipe products must not intersect.
• Sewage and water supply lines are laid out as close as possible.
• The whole system should be simple.
• Vertical outlets are equipped with flexible hoses.
• Professional craftsmen call the PP assortment the most suitable option for arranging the wiring of any highway. The main characteristics of these products is simple installation, namely soldering, which you can do yourself.

How to choose a welding machine for soldering polypropylene pipes

Choosing a welding machine is not difficult if you carefully study the recommendations of specialists. If a pipeline with a diameter of up to 63 mm is welded, then such actions involve the use of couplings and sockets. If the parts to be joined are larger than the volume of 63 mm, then it is better to use the butt method for welding polypropylene pipes.

Pipe assortment not exceeding 40 mm is welded using a machine for socket welding of polypropylene pipes. When the cross-section of the line is larger than 49 mm, a device with a centric device helps to fasten the elements.

Equipment that performs welding work With polypropylene pipelines, are conventionally divided into the following types:

• Mechanical. These devices are used for large-volume highways.
• Manual. This type units are excellent for independent use. They can connect highways with a volume of up to 125 mm.

Which welder to choose should be decided based on the characteristics of the system being constructed. It is also important that the kit includes a set of attachments. This will allow you to work with highways of various sizes.

In addition to what has been said, a novice master will need to know that he should not buy cheap tools. As a rule, the nozzles on them are equipped with low-quality coating. Accordingly, it is impossible to solder a high-quality structure with such a unit.

The home craftsman should choose a special unit for small-sized welding. This is quite enough for the needs of a household highway.

Welding polypropylene pipes with your own hands is not a difficult task if all the techniques have been studied and the novice master has the desire to do this work. Any electric welding machine will be a great helper. And by purchasing a complete set of necessary attachments for it, you can significantly save money and time.

More and more often, metal pipes are being replaced with plastic ones, in particular polypropylene. They have a long service life (up to 50 years), do not rust or rot, weigh little, and you can assemble everything yourself, without involving specialists. Welding polypropylene pipes requires some skill, but it comes quickly. You can first practice on small scraps and inexpensive fittings, and then start creating more serious things.

Types and purpose

Polypropylene pipes can be of four colors - green, gray, white and black. Only black ones differ in their characteristics - they have increased resistance to ultraviolet radiation and are used when laying on the ground. All others have similar characteristics and are laid indoors or buried in the ground.

According to their intended purpose, polypropylene pipes are of the following types:

There are pipes with different characteristics for both cold and hot water. This is displayed in the markings:

• PN10 are used exclusively in cold water supply systems (up to +45°C) with low pressure (up to 1 MPa). They have small wall thickness. Not suitable for high-rise buildings.
• PN16. They are often labeled as universal, but are more often used for cold water - they can withstand heating of the environment up to +65°C and pressure up to 1.6 MPa.
• PN20. Thick-walled pipes, which can transport media with temperatures up to +80°C, can withstand pressures of up to 2 MPa. Used for distributing hot water and heating systems.
• PN25. These are reinforced polypropylene pipes (with foil or fiberglass). Due to the presence of a reinforcing layer, they often have a smaller wall thickness than PN20. The heating temperature of the medium is up to +95°C, pressure is up to 2.5 MPa. Used for hot water supply and heating.

All of them are produced in different diameters - up to 600 mm, but in apartments and private houses they are used mainly in sizes from 16 mm to 110 mm. Please note that the internal diameter is indicated, as wall thickness may vary.

What is welding of polypropylene pipes

Polypropylene is different increased rigidity, and, to create systems of the required configuration, fittings from the same material are used. These are various angles, tees, bypasses, adapters, couplings, etc. They are connected to pipes by soldering. This process is also called welding, but its essence does not change: two elements are heated to the melting point and, when hot, are connected to each other. At correct execution, the connection turns out to be monolithic and serves no less than the pipes themselves.

To connect polypropylene with metals, there are combined fittings, in which one part is made of metal and is connected using a threaded connection, and the second - polypropylene - is welded.

What to solder with

Welding of polypropylene pipes occurs using a special device called a soldering iron or welding machine. This is a small metal platform, inside of which there is an electric coil that heats the surface. Because of this design, this unit is also called an iron.

To connect two elements, the spliced ​​surfaces are heated to the melting temperature (+260°). To heat the element to the desired depth, two different Teflon-coated metal nozzles are installed on the welding platform:

The two elements to be connected are simultaneously put on the corresponding attachments, held for a certain period of time (several seconds), then connected. This is how polypropylene pipes are welded.

How to weld

The designs of soldering irons for polypropylene pipes are slightly different, but the principles of working with them are common. There are two main models - with a flat platform or a cylindrical heater. With normal quality, both work, there is practically no difference. Whoever is more comfortable chooses it.

This is what a well-made connection looks like in cross-section - as a single whole

Preparatory work

Before starting work, you need to warm up the soldering iron, but it’s not that simple. The procedure for its preparation is as follows:

• First, nozzles of suitable diameter are installed on the platform.
  • A pin is threaded into the hole in the platform, a mandrel and sleeve are put on it on both sides, and tightened with nuts on both sides.
  • If the heating element is in the form of a tube, the nozzles for it are sold attached to the plate. The plate is placed on the heating element and the fastening bolt is tightened.
• The required heating temperature is set on the regulator. For polypropylene pipes, the welding temperature is +260°C. This is what we set on the regulator and plug it into the network.
• We wait for the signal to set the set temperature. Some models have an audible signal, but mainly the LED lights up or goes out (in different models differently).

The soldering iron is ready for use. But we still need to prepare the pipes and fittings. The first condition for high-quality welding is an even cut. The cut must be strictly vertical, without burrs or tears. This cut can be obtained using special scissors. They have two wide jaws at the bottom that fix the pipe in place, and cutting part is located on top.

The second condition for good soldering of PP pipes is clean, dry, grease-free parts. If you want your plumbing or heating to last a long time and not leak, you should not skip this procedure. Clean the pipe section and fitting using alcohol or water and dishwashing detergent. Then they wait until everything is dry, and only after that they begin the soldering process.

How long to heat

When welding, polypropylene must be heated strictly to the required temperature. Overheating and underheating significantly reduce the quality of the seam. An overheated and softened pipe simply will not be inserted into the fitting, and an insufficiently heated material will not fuse.

The heating time depends on the diameter of the pipes, air temperature and is indicated in the table.

Diameter of polypropylene pipe	Welding depth	Heating time	Welding time	Cooling time
16	12-14 mm	5 s	6 s	2 minutes
20	14-17 mm	6 s	6 s	2 minutes
25	15-19 mm	7 s	10 s	2 minutes
32	16-22 mm	8 s	10 s	4 min
40	18-24 mm	12 s	20 s	4 min
50	20-27 mm	18 s	20 s	4 min
63	24-30 mm	24 s	30 s	6 min
75	26-32 mm	30 s	30 s	6 min

In general, you can solder at +5°C, but the data is given for +20°C. In hotter weather, the holding time of the elements on the soldering iron is reduced by 30-60 seconds, in colder weather it is increased.

Pay attention to the welding depth column in the table. This mark is placed on the pipe. Before that, you will need to press it into the fitting. This creates a small bead of molten plastic in front of the edge of the fitting. This will mean that the seam is made correctly.

One more column requires explanation - “welding time”. This is the time for which it is necessary to compress and fix the elements to be welded.

In general, if you try to insert a cold pipe into a fitting, it should go in with great difficulty - the outer diameter of the pipe is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the fitting. This is done intentionally to provide some excess material from which the bead on the seam is formed. To ensure reliable welding of polypropylene pipes, it is better to take all components from the same company. This ensures that the sizes match. Otherwise, you need to try it on so that the fitting does not “slip”, but is difficult to tighten.

Technology

As already mentioned, when welding polypropylene pipes, they and the fittings must be cleaned, degreased and dried. And only after that you can start soldering.

This preparation is suitable for all types of pipes, except those reinforced with foil. In this case, after the required piece has been cut, the cut is cleaned down to the foil with a special device - a shaver. A pipe is inserted into it and turned several times. At the same time it is removed upper layer plastic, after which you can degrease and solder.

After the surface has dried, a mark is drawn on the pipe, noting the distance to which it must be pressed into the fitting (the easiest way is with a thin marker or a sharpened simple pencil).

Soldering polypropylene step by step

One note: immediately after finishing welding, inspect the attachments on the soldering iron. If there are material residues, they are removed with a soft, lint-free, non-fading (white) cloth. You cannot leave plastic on the soldering iron - the next fragment will stick and it will be difficult to remove. Do not clean the attachments using abrasives - they have a Teflon coating and are easily scratched. And even microscopic scratches will lead to the fragment on the soldering iron (iron) sticking.

By the way, it is better to work with cotton gloves - there will be fewer burns.

Before putting the system into operation, it must be checked. This is done using crimping. What it is and how to do it, read here.

Layout of polypropylene pipes

Polypropylene pipes are used for installation of cold or hot water combs and heating. The choice of diameter in each case is individual - it depends on the volume of liquid that needs to be pumped per unit of time, the required speed of its movement (formula in the photo).

Calculating the diameters of pipes for heating systems is a separate topic (the diameter must be determined after each branch), for water supply systems everything is simpler. In apartments and houses, pipes with a diameter of 16 mm to 30 mm are used for these purposes, with the most common ones being 20 mm and 25 mm.

Counting fittings

After determining the diameter, the total length of the pipeline is calculated, and fittings are purchased depending on its structure. With the length of pipes, everything is relatively simple - measure the length, add about 20% for errors and possible defects in the work. A piping diagram is required to determine which fittings are needed. Draw it, indicating all the outlets and devices to which you need to connect.

To connect to many devices, a transition to metal is required. There are also such polypropylene fittings. They have a brass thread on one side and a regular solder fitting on the other. You should immediately look at the diameter of the pipe of the device being connected and the type of thread that should be on the fitting (internal or external). To avoid mistakes, it is better to write everything down on the diagram - above the outlet where this fitting will be installed.

Next, according to the diagram, the number of “T” and “G” shaped connections is calculated. Tees and angles are purchased for them. There are also crosses, but they are rarely used. By the way, there are corners not only at 90°. There are 45°, 120°. Don't forget about couplings - these are fittings for joining two pieces of pipe. Do not forget that polypropylene pipes are not at all elastic and do not bend, so each turn is made using fittings.

When purchasing materials, agree with the seller about the possibility of replacing or returning some of the fittings. Problems usually do not arise, since even professionals cannot always immediately determine exactly the required assortment. In addition, during the installation process, sometimes it is necessary to change the structure of the pipeline, which means the set of fittings changes.

Polypropylene has a fairly significant coefficient thermal expansion. If a polypropylene hot water supply or heating system is being installed, it is necessary to make a compensator, with the help of which the lengthening or shortening of the pipeline will be leveled. This can be a factory-made compensator loop, or a compensator assembled according to the diagram from fins and pieces of pipes (pictured above).

Laying methods

There are two ways to install polypropylene pipes - open (along the wall) and closed - in grooves in the wall or in a screed. Along the wall or in the groove, polypropylene pipes are attached to clip holders. There are single ones - for laying one pipe, there are double ones - when two branches run parallel. They are attached at a distance of 50-70 cm. The pipe is simply inserted into the clip and held in place thanks to the elastic force.

When laying in a screed, if it is a warm floor, the pipes are attached to the reinforcing mesh; no other additional fastening is required. If the lines to the radiators will be sealed in, the pipes do not need to be fastened. They are rigid and do not change their position even when filled with coolant.

Option for hidden and external wiring in one pipeline (the wiring behind the bathroom was made open - less work)

Soldering nuances

The process of welding polypropylene pipes itself, as you have seen, does not leave much work, but there are a lot of subtleties. For example, it is not clear how to adjust sections when joining pipes so that the pipes are exactly the length required.

Another aspect of welding polypropylene pipes is soldering in hard-to-reach places. It is not always possible to fit a pipe and fitting onto a soldering iron on both sides. For example, we solder in the corner. The soldering iron has to be shoved into a corner, on one side the nozzle rests directly on the wall, you can’t pull the fitting onto it. In this case, install a second set of nozzles of the same diameter and heat the fitting on it.

How to solder polypropylene pipes in hard-to-reach places

How to switch from iron pipe to polypropylene.

Welding polypropylene is one of the ways to connect water and sewer lines. In this case, hermetic joints are obtained, since the products are cross-linked at the molecular level. If the soldering of polypropylene pipes is done correctly, the service life of the water supply or drainage system increases many times over.

Specifics of soldering polypropylene pipes

Welding of polymer products is carried out using technology, which is realized through the use of material properties. Polypropylene is flexible. However, PP products acquire this property when the temperature changes. Its increase to a certain level helps to soften the material.

Cooling of a heated pipe joint also occurs quickly. For this reason, soldering/adhering time is reduced. If you perform actions to connect communications slowly, the quality of the connection decreases. In this case, it is difficult to ensure the tightness of the seam.

Welding of polypropylene pipes is possible due to the properties of this material. Melting point - from +149°C. Soldering irons are used for soldering polypropylene. They provide heating of PP products to a level of +320°C, but at home a less intensive operating mode is used (up to +300°C).

PP pipes must not be exposed to a heat source heated to critical temperatures. It is also not recommended to use a soldering iron on the pipe for too long. Under such conditions, the material loses its properties, and the product will become wrinkled as a result.

General description of technology

Welding process PPR pipes has a name - polyfuse.

There are 2 methods of recording communications:

• coupling;
• butt.

The first technology for welding polypropylene pipes with your own hands is more suitable for beginners, because it requires less skill. The work can be completed even if the pipeline has not been installed in this way before.

Coupling soldering: 1 – polypropylene pipe, 2 – coupling, 3 – heated part of the soldering iron, 4 and 5 – nozzles (blanks)

The coupling method is based on the need to use special connecting elements that completely encircle the end part of the communications. Inside the coupling there is a connecting seam of 2 products. For domestic water supply this installation method is more suitable.

If it is not possible to use a shaped part, you can make a semblance of it. To do this, use a straight section of communications and trim it. Take into account that products are inserted into the fitting from 2 sides to a certain depth. The coupling method is used for joining communications with a diameter of up to 63 mm.

Direct soldering: 4 – heated soldering iron pancake, 5 – area of ​​the plastic pipe undergoing melting.

The direct fixation method requires heating only the end sections of the pipes. In this case, a fitting is not used, the seam connection is not closed with anything. This technology is used for welding large-diameter polypropylene pipes; it is rarely used in everyday life.

The disadvantage of this option is the difficulty of correctly positioning communications in accordance with the axis. Even small deviations to the sides can slow down the flow of fluid through the pipeline. For direct installation, a centering system is additionally used.

Tool for installing polypropylene pipes

Photo of the instrument	Name
	welding machine, for work at home it is recommended to use units designed for welding PP pipes of small and medium diameter - up to 63 mm.
	The pipe cutter is an ideal device for cutting polypropylene.
	Shaver - designed to remove a layer of reinforcement.
	A trimmer is needed for high-quality pipe joining
	Marker for marking pipes.
	Using a building level and a pencil, draw the direction of the pipes on the wall
	A tape measure is one of the main tools in construction.
	A degreaser is needed to remove impurities from the surfaces of welding joints.

A soldering iron can be purchased or rented. You don’t always have a trimmer or shaver at hand. However, these tools will be needed to work with reinforced pipes. So, the shaver is designed to remove reinforcement. Its knives are located parallel to the axis of the pipe. Thanks to this, the middle layer of communications is removed. The trimmer is used to prepare pipes and remove the reinforcement layer. Such a tool processes the end; in addition, it creates a chamfer.

When studying information on how to properly solder polypropylene pipes, you need to take into account what is first compiled in an apartment or private house. This must be done to calculate the amount of materials and determine the exact length of communications.

A marker and tape measure are used to mark. Moreover, it is necessary to determine not only the places for cutting products, but also the areas that will be inserted into the nozzles of the welding machine

Soldering machines for pipe welding

Such devices are designed quite simply. Main nodes:

• temperature regulation and control unit;
• handle for fixing the device;
• support to avoid direct contact between the surface on which the welding machine is installed and the heating element.

The kit includes nozzles that differ in diameter, as well as gloves and small tools. The equipment varies depending on the model of the device. The wider it is, the higher the price.

Types of soldering irons for polypropylene

There are manual and mechanical soldering irons. However, in everyday conditions the first option is used. This is due to the simplicity of the design, ease of operation, and small dimensions.

Do-it-yourself soldering of polypropylene pipes is done using 2 types of devices:

• sword-shaped soldering iron;
• cylindrical.

Soldering irons differ in the shape of the heating element. There are several holes on the plate of sword-shaped devices, which allows the installation of various attachments, which consist of 2 parts: a mandrel and a sleeve. They are designed to heat the end sections of communications. So, a connecting element is mounted on the mandrel; the sleeve is designed to heat the end section of the pipe.

Heating of products using nozzles must be carried out simultaneously. When studying the question of how to weld polypropylene pipes, it is necessary to use devices that include Teflon-coated nozzles. This prevents the molten material from sticking to the metal.

Cylindrical devices differ in design from sword-shaped ones, which is due to the presence of a heating element in the shape of a cylinder. In this case, crimp-type nozzles are used. They are put on a metal cylinder and firmly fixed. On both sides of such nozzles there is a mandrel and a sleeve. The soldering principle is the same as in the case of the sword-shaped analogue.

Criteria for selecting welding machines

1. Power. To work with communications with a diameter of no more than 75 mm, you should purchase a device with a power of up to 1000 W. Its capabilities are sufficient to ensure high quality seams. However, in everyday life, the soldering method is more often used to fix pipes with a diameter of up to 50 mm. In this case, units with a power of up to 700 W can be used. Moreover, you need to remember that the starting currents when turned on are much higher, so a power reserve (20-30%) must be provided.
2. Type of heating element: plate, cylinder. In everyday life they use the first option; it is easier to work with. This is important if you have no experience in installation work of this type.
3. Number, type and size of nozzles. Determine which products need to be soldered. The diameter of communications is taken into account. In the most simple models it is possible to simultaneously solder 2-3 pipes and even more, the same number of fittings. In this case, the heating element has 2-3 holes.
4. Manufacturer.

On the construction market you can find production equipment different countries: Russia, China, Turkey, Czech Republic. The latter option is more expensive; such devices are distinguished by high build quality and reliability. Welding machines may have errors when measuring temperature. As a result, the actual indicator often does not correspond to the target one.

Czech technology wins according to this criterion; the error of such soldering irons is minimal. However, in everyday life, beginners should use Russian or Chinese models, since they are cheaper, although they have a significant error, which for some models is 10°.

How to properly solder polypropylene - instructions

You need to act consistently, in this case the likelihood that a mistake will be made is reduced.

Step-by-step instructions for soldering polypropylene pipes Soldering instructions:

1. Preparing the room. Considering that toxic substances are released during soldering, effective air circulation should be ensured.
2. After cutting, the edges of the communications are processed with a trimmer or chamfer. They make chamfers, this makes it easier to join the pipes.
3. The materials are degreased: cleaned of dust, treated with white spirit. You need to continue working when the surface is completely dry.
4. Turn on the soldering iron, having previously set the temperature to the required level (+260°C).
5. When the green light on the body of the soldering iron lights up, you can proceed to soldering. A pipe is installed in the sleeve nozzle, and a fitting is placed on the mandrel.
6. At the same time, 2 elements of the future pipeline are heated: a fitting, a pipe.
7. After waiting the time indicated in the table above, the pipe and the shaped element are removed from the nozzles and joined to each other. In this case, the parts must be held motionless. Communications are connected to a previously drawn longitudinal line. The slightest displacement of polypropylene that has not yet hardened will lead to the destruction of molecular bonds. This may cause a leak in the future.

Soldering table for polypropylene pipes

The heating and holding time of PP pipes at a given soldering iron temperature allows us to ensure high quality seam connection. Low heating will not allow softening of communications. In this case, it will be impossible to join the pipes.

Connecting pipes by soldering with reinforcement

The operating temperature of communications for cold water supply varies within -10…+90°C. Under the influence of the coolant, the pipeline bends, as intense linear expansion occurs. This means that for heating you need to use pipes that differ more suitable characteristics.

1 - cut off the required length of pipe. 2 - remove the reinforcement with a seamstress. 3 - direction marking. 4 - heating of the pipe and fitting. 5, 6 - connecting the pipe with the fitting and fixing it.

Thus, in conditions of exposure to high temperatures, products reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum are used. Such pipes are multilayer products: a thin layer of fiberglass is applied on top of the polymer product and covered with a layer of PP. Advantages:

• relative stability of linear expansion, even under the influence of high temperatures the geometry of the product changes slightly;
• ability to withstand pressure up to 10 atm; for comparison, in apartment buildings, communications are subject to less intense influence (6-8 atm);
• due to the presence of a reinforcement layer, the service life of the pipeline increases;
• pipes with internal reinforcement are resistant to high temperatures, at which the classic version of communications begins to melt.

The technology for soldering reinforced pipes does not differ from the method of joining unreinforced communications, with the only exception: at the preparatory stage, the ends of the products must be cleaned of the reinforcing layer, for which a trimmer or shaver is used. After preparation, the pipes are degreased, then heated with a soldering iron and connected.

Rules for soldering PCB to avoid mistakes

• The diameter of the polypropylene pipe is selected;
• before work, prepare everything necessary, since welding is performed quickly, there will be no time for preparation during the installation process, the soldering iron is turned on when the communications are already cut;
• the welding machine must be securely fixed on a horizontal surface, the quality of the seam will depend on this, such units are equipped with special stands, but some models are not installed firmly, so they need to be additionally secured;
• The melting point of polypropylene is much less than value, which is set in the settings of the welding machine, this difference is due to the need to quickly soften the pipe; a temperature of +260°C is considered sufficient;
• You should not change the temperature regime when using larger products, when soldering PP pipes, the heating temperature does not change with an increase in the diameter of the communications, from the table above you can find out that the dimensions of the products only determine the duration of heating of the material;
• you need to navigate by the indication: a red light indicates that the heating element has turned on, a green light indicates that the set temperature value has been reached;
• Often users skip the stage of degreasing the material, however, the presence of dust or drops of water in the cut area can cause the seam to weaken, since in this case the structure of the material becomes more porous;
• when installing a pipeline of complex configuration, it is necessary to connect the pipes under different angles, they are also rotated relative to each other; in order not to disturb the alignment of the products, it is recommended to first determine the exact position of the communications, then perform their preliminary installation (without using a soldering iron), at this stage you need to draw a marking strip along the center line through the 2 parts being connected.

It should be taken into account that thin-walled pipes warm up faster. This means that the period of operation of the soldering iron is reduced by 2 times. If you are studying the question at what temperature to solder such pipes, you need to remember that the value of this parameter does not depend on the dimensions of the product. Thin-walled communications are connected to each other at the same temperature conditions, as thick-walled.

Impact of errors on welding quality

This is what happens if you solder PP pipes incorrectly!

The most common violations of the soldering process:

• surfaces are not degreased, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the seam joint;
• The cut angle of the pipe and fitting does not correspond to 90°;
• insufficient deepening of the pipe into the fitting or, conversely, communications are brought into the shaped element all the way, as a result, a large seam is formed inside, which impedes the flow of liquid;
• violation of the heating technology: the pipes were on the nozzles for too little or, conversely, a lot of time, in both cases the quality of the seam joint will be low;
• when connecting reinforced pipes, the reinforcement layer at the end section was not completely removed, as a result, this material will prevent the melting of polypropylene, such a seam will be weak, or it will not be possible to complete it at all;
• after joining, the position of the parts was adjusted, which led to a decrease in the reliability of the seam; To avoid such consequences, you should wait a while after connecting the pipe and fitting, ensuring that the parts do not move.
Method with gas burner less preferable.

If a torch is used, it will not be possible to heat the polypropylene evenly. As a result, the seam joint will look sloppy, in which case the reliability of the seam is reduced. Over time, a leak may appear in this area. This method can be used as a last resort and only when installing cold water supply systems.


Connecting a pp pipe with a compression coupling

The compression coupling provides a reliable connection of communications and is used as a complete replacement for a welding machine. However, the cost of such an element is high. As a result, costs will increase, since a large number of compression fittings will be needed to distribute pipes throughout the room.


Method for gluing polypropylene pipes.

The cold welding method is also effective. In this case, a two-component epoxy composition is used. This material allows you to obtain a reliable connection without special equipment.

To fix the communications, you need to apply an adhesive substance to the cleaned and degreased surfaces of the products. Then the pipe and fitting are joined, holding tightly. The glue sets within 10 minutes. It takes 1 hour to completely harden. This option can only be used when installing a cold water supply system.

Conclusion and useful video about soldering polypropylene

When soldering polypropylene communications, you need to properly prepare the material (mark it, cut it), and tools. Work is performed sequentially. For example, if you skip the degreasing step, the seam will not be reliable enough.

Video instructions for soldering polypropylene pipes:

It is important to follow the rules for heating and joining pipes, otherwise, after putting the pipeline into operation, it may be necessary to repair it. You can learn about the intricacies of soldering from the video.

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