Tambour or hallway: is a vestibule needed in a country house? How to make an entrance vestibule in a private house Warm floor in a cold vestibule.

The presence of an entrance gateway not only helps reduce heat loss, but also contributes to better organization of the residents’ lives. Our review will explain to readers the need to build a vestibule and tell us what this extension should be like for correct execution their functions.

What problems does the vestibule solve?

It is impossible to briefly list all the diversity architectural solutions, which are adopted by modern developers. Shape of the house, height of the base, appearance facade and appearance entrance group They are very diverse, but most opinions agree on one thing - there is always a place for a vestibule.

The most obvious excuse for building an entrance gateway is to isolate the internal climate of a home from the street. If there is a vestibule, the living quarters will always be separated from the weather by at least one door; accordingly, heat loss due to air exchange will be limited to the volume of the entrance room. Equally important, the gateway completely eliminates the appearance of drafts that cause serious discomfort to residents located in the immediate vicinity of the entrance.

There are also more practical points. The category of people who settles in the a private house, while observing the “apartment” way of life. On personal plot Almost always there is housekeeping, therefore there are home clothes and shoes. But snow, dirt and foreign odors have no place in the house; it is better to remove such things before entering the habitable area, for which the vestibule is best suited.

Actually, the presence of a vestibule in a private house is not strictly necessary; the absence of an entrance gateway can be compensated for by the layout of the hallway and additional dressing room. However, for greater objectivity, we list the secondary advantages that the vestibule provides:

cool area for storing vegetables and other food products;
a place where you can leave a stroller, bicycle or sled, and wash your dog’s paws after a walk;
protecting the porch or stairs from ice;
protection of the metal entrance door from freezing.

Foundation, porch and walls

Let us note right away that vestibules can be classified as warm and cold, and the presence of heating does not play a role in this classification. We are talking about the location of the vestibule relative to the building plan: it can be located inside thermal circuit at home, or partially or completely outside. The first case is quite trivial from the point of view of construction, because today even amateurs can perform division interior rooms partitions. Therefore, in the future we will focus on the construction of the attached vestibule.

Attaching a vestibule to a building is not an entirely simple task; the reason for this is the uneven settlement of the soil, which has already settled under the house, and will still settle within a few centimeters under the vestibule. Therefore, the foundation for the vestibule must be closed or, at least, connected by a lintel of a smaller cross-section, as well as separated from the base of the house by an XPS expansion joint. In general, for the construction of a vestibule, a shallowly buried one is recommended. strip foundation(MZLF) with an insulated blind area, the distance from the edge of which to the supporting edge of the foundation is obviously greater than the freezing depth in a particular region. Under the tape, be sure to place a backfill of sand and gravel, compacted in layers.

It is desirable that the blind area on the side of the front door has a raised area about 100-120 cm wide and about 80 cm deep. The height of the porch should be at least 100 cm lower than the tape; it is recommended to fill this part monolithically with the foundation, having previously tied the reinforcement of both parts between themselves. Construction of walls can begin 10-14 days after completion concrete works. The wall material can be absolutely anything - from cinder block to wooden frame and sandwich panels. However, it is recommended to start building walls with a small parapet about 40 cm high, made of warm masonry material, for example aerated concrete block. Like the foundation, the walls of the extension must have a damping joint where they adjoin the house. Mechanical connection allowed frame walls with capital enclosing structures.

Selecting the degree of glazing

For an attached vestibule, it is highly desirable to glaze about 20-25% of the wall area, but this is not always advisable. The benefits of glazing will be obvious only with sufficiently high-quality insolation, for example, if the vestibule is located on the south side of the house, on the southeast or southwest corners.

The degree of glazing has no restrictions only if heating is not planned in the vestibule. Currently, glazing systems based on aluminum and PVC are extremely popular. IN summer time the glazed vestibule will be like a steam room, where it is unbearably hot, but in winter the high thermal conductivity of the glass walls will not allow heat to be retained.

On the other hand, the complete absence of windows in the vestibule is also not desirable. Even the minimum natural light will make using the extension much more convenient. One narrow window about a meter high with one tilt-and-turn sash will be enough. Naturally, the window should be placed on the most illuminated side of the vestibule.

An example of a vestibule made entirely of translucent materials. It protects from bad weather and looks very impressive, but is not able to retain heat.

Roof and connection to the façade

Regardless of the roof configuration, it is recommended to install the walls in common plane so that the ends form an almost finished mauerlat. It is enough to attach a massive beam of about 100x150 mm to the walls, after which you can begin installing the rafter system, the type of which determines the shape of the vestibule roof.

The simplest and least expensive option would be pitched roof, based on several inclined trusses. It is desirable that the slope from the roof of the vestibule is not directed towards the entrance door, while the release of the sheathing will allow the formation of a sufficiently wide soffit that can replace the canopy over the porch. The main benefit of this design is the simplest method of pairing roofing with a front wall. It is enough to make a slot in the stone with a disk and insert the side of the Z-shaped strip into it, sealing the junction with silicone sealant.

A slightly more complex type of roof would be a half-hip or gable roof with a small gable. In this case, the junction with the wall of the house will be formed by two inclined sections. These connections, as in the case of pitched roof, are made with Z-shaped strips that overlap the full width in the ridge area, overlapping each other. Under the overlap of the planks adjacent to the wall, you should generously blow out silicone or bitumen sealant, and then press the connection with hardware. An additional complexity when constructing such a roof appears when installing the ridge: in order to mask the overlap of the abutment strips, it may be necessary to manufacture a special cutting element - a ridge cap with an external flap.

Is insulation and heating necessary?

The main function of the vestibule is to form a protective zone in which the air is still, thereby reducing the outflow of heat from the front door. Thus, a small extension protects the door well from freezing, although the temperature inside is only a few degrees higher than outside. However, the vestibule can also be used for more practical purposes.

A typical example is when it is necessary to dress a child: if you do this in a heated room, then at least one person will be dressed warmly and will definitely overheat. Many such actions are easier to carry out in a cool vestibule, which even with minimal insulation will not release the heat that penetrates from the house along with the heated air through the open door.

It is not difficult to insulate a vestibule: for frame walls, insulation is provided in the cells between the posts; a stone extension can be safely insulated from the inside with materials with a reflective surface. In this case, there should be no main heating in the vestibule: removing even several sections of the radiator will significantly cool the coolant.

In general, the ideal option would be to organize a cold and warm zone along the floor in the vestibule. The latter is a small piece of heating cable laid in the floor in one of the internal corners. In this place you can keep outdoor shoes, which, due to heating, will dry well overnight. And in the opposite corner a cold zone is formed for cooling cooked food and storing vegetables.

Installation of entrance and internal doors

It remains to deal with the last nuance - how to correctly place the internal and outer door. It all depends on whether any valuable property will be stored in the vestibule. If so, then the external door must be strong steel, that is, access to the house is fenced off at the entrance to the vestibule itself. In this case, the front door is not subject to freezing and ice formation, but the inside door must be insulated.

If there is nothing valuable in the vestibule, then the main door can be placed inside, making access to the annex practically unlimited or with the installation of the simplest English lock. Please note that a distance of 2-2.5 steps must be maintained between two doors so that in cold weather they are guaranteed not to be open at the same time. IN optimal option both doors should open into the vestibule.

Behind last decade private home ownership has gained mass popularity and has become almost a trend in the modern world. People are increasingly seeking to get out of the stuffy walls of apartment buildings by purchasing real estate outside the city limits. Depending on financial capabilities, cottages are built from scratch, houses in the village are rebuilt, or dachas are refurbished so that you can comfortably spend the winter in nature, away from the bustle of the city.

However, not all city dwellers, having decided to move to the bosom of nature, know the intricacies of village construction that we inherited from our ancestors. One of these subtleties is the presence of a vestibule, or simply a vestibule, in a private house. Those same ordinary canopies, sung in the lyrics and rustic prose of Russian classics.

What is it and what is it for?

vestibule in modern construction called the buffer zone between the street and the entrance door to the residential premises. As a rule, the vestibule is small but sufficient in size to regulate air flows coming from the street. This is especially important during the cold season.

When you open the entrance door of the vestibule, the flow of cold air does not immediately penetrate into the house.

This is why our ancestors built canopies - cold air is dissipated in the transit space, allowing the main living space to be kept warm, and warm air from the house does not escape outside when the front door is opened, since the vestibule door is already closed by that time.

According to modern building standards, the doors of living rooms must be separated from the street by at least three doors, this will preserve optimal temperature bedrooms and will reduce heating costs.

But not all builders and the owners themselves agree to heed this valuable advice: many people believe that the vestibule takes away extra square meters from the living space of the house and it is better to make a double insulated door. However, a double door retains heat better only when closed, and when opened, it lets cold air directly into the house, since the doors are located so close that they open simultaneously.

In addition, the canopy also served as a utility unheated room where gardening tools and canned supplies for the winter could be stored, and also had an entrance to other utility rooms adjacent to the house. Currently, the entrance to the garage or boiler room is often made from the vestibule.

Another significant advantage of the vestibule is that with its presence, a significant proportion of street dirt and water is not carried directly into the house. You can leave your outerwear in the vestibule, shake off snow and rain moisture, and change your shoes.

Types of vestibule in a private house

According to the principle of purpose, the vestibule can be divided into several types:

vestibule. Unheated room, serving as a buffer zone between the living space and outbuildings. It serves as a thermal cushion for heating the house, and also eliminates the need to go outside to get into the garage or boiler room. It is desirable to have at least one small window in the vestibule;

vestibule-hallway. A warm room that is an extension of the house. Here, as a rule, there are wardrobes for outerwear, cabinets for shoes, mirrors and shelves for them. Such a vestibule is a continuation, and in fact a full-fledged corridor of the house, so it is insulated, heated and illuminated.

vestibule-veranda. Most often this is a room attached to the house, which has a large number of glazed windows.

In the summer season, this bright room is used as a veranda and a place to relax, and in the winter it serves as a thermal cushion and prevents the porch from developing ice if the staircase is built into the veranda itself.

Dimensions

According to building regulations dimensions vestibules in a private house should have a minimum room depth of 1.2-1.5 m so that the front door of the house can open freely without disturbing at least one person in the buffer zone. This is done to save warm air, which when opening the door will not immediately mix with the street one. By the time it opens street door from the vestibule, the door to the house is already closed, and accordingly the heat is retained.

Doors from the house to the vestibule and from the vestibule to the street must open outward.

Device and location

Since the vestibule serves primarily for significant heating savings, you should consider the maximum efficiency of its location and design.

In multi-storey urban buildings, the entrances themselves serve as vestibules; in some of the houses, separate vestibules for several apartments are designed, which become additional utility rooms. In the entrances themselves, double doors with a vestibule are often installed on the ground floor at the entrance; this is also done to preserve heat in the entrance during the cold season.

Depending on the type of construction in a private house, the vestibule can be built-in, that is, located within the contour of the foundation of the entire house, or be a separate extension. In the first case, you can simply highlight the vestibule by installing a partition, and in the second, it is built as an independent building, according to all the rules and nuances of construction, starting with laying the foundation.

The vestibule can be a frame attached structure made of aluminum profile, sheathed with material or completely glazed from ceiling to floor with PVC profile. In this case, the vestibule will be an airy veranda.

Entrance room projects

The entrance, located on the north side, is best protected from the wind by a built-in vestibule. It can also serve as a convenient transition to the garage and protect the front door of the house from rain and gusts of wind.

On the south and south-west side it is not recommended to build a glazed vestibule-veranda, since in the summer the sun will turn the room into a steam room, and the opportunity to relax on the veranda will be reduced to zero, since the sun will shine through the south-west windows of the veranda until late in the evening .

In the attached vestibule there is often a porch structure, and, accordingly, a staircase leading into the house. This will prevent icing of the dangerous area, and will also allow you to take out keys, shake off clothes, close and open the doors of the house, while being protected by the canopy and walls from snow, wind and rain.

As a rule, the vestibule is built from the same material as the house. However, this is not at all necessary: a vestibule attached to a brick house may well be made of wood materials on a stone foundation.

It is not necessary to make a vestibule door at the entrance to the house. If it is possible to make a spacious entryway, then the entrance to it can be on the side of the house. This will further preserve the thermal air cushion between the house and the street. Plan one-story house with a separate vestibule can be designed in such a way that a spacious glazed veranda goes around the entire house or part of it.

Vestibule finishing

The material for covering the floor, ceiling and walls of the vestibule is selected depending on the purpose and type of extension. If this is a vestibule-hallway built into the thermal contour of the house, then the decoration will fully correspond to the interior. In this case, it is necessary to insulate the floors and walls, provide heating, install windows with double glazing or do without window openings at all in order to retain heat as much as possible.

A cold attached vestibule that serves as a canopy can be lined with polycarbonate - it will protect from wind and rain and create an air cushion.

Arrangement of the interior of the vestibule

Interior arrangement the vestibule depends on its secondary purpose. If you want to make the extension as functional as possible, it will not be difficult. If dimensions allow, then even in a cold, uninsulated room you can arrange furniture for gardening tools, heaters and thermal curtain systems, as well as shelves for items that are used only in the warm season.

Insulation

Despite the fact that the main function of a cold extension is to create a protective zone in front of the front door, which prevents the door from freezing at low temperatures, it can also perform more diverse tasks. Thus, even incomplete insulation of the extension can create an optimal microclimate for a gradual transition to frosty air. For example, if you are dressing a child or waiting for the household to gather, one of you will have to stand fully dressed.

In this case, the cool veranda will prevent those already dressed from overheating, while at the same time eliminating the need to wait in the frosty air.

The attached room does not provide sources of main heating, since this is an unnecessary and unprofitable consumption of resources. The materials used to cover the walls and floor can serve as insulation. In frame buildings, there are niches for insulation inside the cladding, and for brick extensions, materials with heat-saving surfaces are suitable.

If possible, you can insulate a certain area of the floor with a heating cable laid in one of the corners. This place will serve as a shoe dryer in the autumn-winter period, and at the same time maintain a certain temperature throughout the room.

To learn how to insulate walls from the inside, see the following video.

Glazing options

IN ideal Openings for windows are included in the design of the vestibule. This helps in saving energy - during the daytime you will not have to use artificial lighting. However, in the spacious insulated vestibule with large window openings You will have to take care of high-quality glazing of the openings, otherwise warm air will not linger in the room. In the case of a vestibule-hallway with windows built into the thermal circuit of the house, it is necessary to install double-glazed windows, as in all living rooms.

If the vestibule-veranda does not require additional heating, then you can glaze the window openings ordinary windows. This will solve the lighting problem and protect from rain and wind.

Doors

If the extension room does not serve as a storage facility for valuables, then the door can be very ordinary, with a simple lock. Its main function is protection from bad weather and precipitation, as well as the aesthetic function of decorating the front entrance of the house. The entrance door to the house itself should not only be reliable protection from intruders, but also well-insulated, preventing warm air from escaping. Ideally, the space between two doors should be one and a half to two steps of an adult, so that one of the doors has time to be closed when the other opens. Thus, both doors of the vestibule, with correct distance from each other will save on heat energy costs.

Roof

The installation of a roof is intended only for vestibule projects that are external extensions to the main facility. For the roof of an extension, a certain configuration is required for the slope of rainfall, as well as fastenings inside the room, that is, enough solid foundation and frame. Do not forget about drainage so that raindrops do not fall in a stream onto the space in front of the door.

Even in the most inhospitable house, the front door opens constantly, whether you come yourself or guests, ask the dog to come home, go to work in the garden or do something around the house. During the entire time the door is open, the air carries with it heat or cold from the street, and the feet of those who enter dust and dirt during the cold and damp season.

To solve such problems, a vestibule is built in the house.

Despite the seemingly obvious benefits of a vestibule, many perceive this small space at the entrance only as a small storage room and a place for shoes. The following opinion is also widespread - this mini-room is not needed, it eats up the living area without much benefit, and also requires additional expenses for arrangement. And many designers ignore the vestibule when planning the construction of cottages. This decision is justified as follows: it is enough to make a well-insulated (or better yet, double) door, and these short-term “ventilations” will not play a big role.

However, a vestibule is necessary and useful in every home. The only exception is buildings in the southern regions of the country, where the climate is milder.

It should be borne in mind that building codes do not directly oblige the installation of a vestibule in residential buildings.

But, according to the regulations, living rooms(bedrooms and children's rooms) must be separated from the street by at least three doors. This requirement is fully met by the vestibule, which is an intermediate, buffer space between the first and second (internal) entrance doors.

Due to their sequential opening, cold air remains between them and does not enter the living spaces. It also preserves home warmth, heating devices They don’t “warm up” the street. And in the summer, the coolness in the house is preserved, which is especially important when using air conditioning. Thus, both winter and summer provide more efficient use climate control technology and savings on heating or cooling costs.

In addition, the vestibule blocks the formation of drafts and prevents the penetration of smoke and various odors into the home. Finally, here you can leave your shoes, and with them the dirt.

Features of the vestibule layout

There are no separate standards for the design of vestibules. However, there are rules that also regulate the arrangement of this space.

It is advisable to locate the entrance to the house, and along with it the vestibule, taking into account the prevailing wind directions in the area. A door on the leeward side will make the house a little warmer, because gusts of wind will not blow into it.

Wherein the vestibule can be built into the main volume building or attached to it in the form of a protruding part (risalit), where a staircase can also be placed. Entrance door must necessarily open outward: this improves its resistance to burglary, increases the free space in the vestibule, and ensures safer evacuation in case of fire.

It is not necessary to organize natural lighting; artificial lighting is sufficient. But in interior door glazing can be provided: this will increase both illumination and improve the visual perception of space. The floor covering must be hard and non-slippery (including when wet). When installing dirt collection grates, they should be installed flush with the top floor covering, without a protruding threshold. This guarantees safer travel. Finally, the vestibule area is often lowered two or three steps below the level of the first floor, which further helps to retain the cold in this room.

Reliable insulation

The usefulness of the vestibule as a constructive temperature barrier for other rooms depends, first of all, on its thermal insulation qualities. External wall vestibule, being part of the external structures of the house, - compound element thermal contour of the building, and its “pie” should help ensure and maintain the “thermos effect”.

The wall is made of the same material as in the rest of the house. But if additional insulation, for example, for a wall made of laminated timber or laminated timber it is usually not required, then in the vestibule area experts recommend installing a layer of thermal insulation from foam plastic, perlite or mineral wool slabs (basalt or glass wool - read more about seamless insulation). For the latter it is required film vapor barrier With inside and waterproofing from the outside. From the outside, a reinforcing mesh is strengthened onto the heat-insulating layer and then covered finishing paint or plaster.

The attached vestibule can also be made using technology winter garden: frame made of aluminum or plastic profile with double glazing. The main thing is to ensure reliable connection of the profile structure with the main wall. To do this, make an expansion joint: leave a gap 20-50 mm thick, fill it with fibrous insulation (tow or mineral wool, but not polyurethane foam) and are protected with façade sealant or waterproofing tape. The same seam must be made at the junction of the cottage foundations and the entrance vestibule in order to avoid the appearance of cracks over time. But the roof of the extension cannot be joined in this way. To cover an attached vestibule, it is better to perform an independent truss structure, and close the joint from above with a cornice strip.

Also in the vestibule you need to pay special attention to see if there are any cracks: along the perimeter of the doors, along the baseboards and in the corners. It is better to fill large holes with mineral wool, but you can also blow them out with polyurethane foam, and fill small cracks with tow, seal them with insulating tape, or simply “close” them with silicone sealant.

Particular attention should be paid to doors.

The outer one should be made of solid wood or metal frame With internal insulation. Perfect as a second one balcony door with a double-sided handle, glazing and complete sealing of the opening due to two sealing contours. You can also install a simple one, even made of wood or plastic, you just need to line it around the perimeter with a rubber seal.

Which vestibule to build – heated or not?

The question of the necessity and possibility of heating the vestibule raises a lot of controversy. Some experts strongly recommend drawing a contour here common system heating to avoid the appearance of frost on the doors or ceiling of the room in winter. In addition, according to them, the vestibule can become so cold in cold weather that it ceases to act as a temperature buffer.

However, according to building regulations, heating appliances should not be placed in rooms that have external doors to avoid freezing of the coolant. And most designers do not recommend connecting the vestibule to traditional heating systems: this leads to unnecessary, completely unnecessary energy costs. The very essence of the vestibule, why it is needed in the first place, is to be a buffer, a mixing zone of cold and warm air.

It is permissible to install two heating devices here. Firstly, it is a cable heated floor. It will not harm the main function of the vestibule, will provide a more comfortable change from street shoes to house slippers, and will speed up the melting of snow, which often accumulates on the soles. Air will also benefit thermal curtain, that is, several fan heaters installed above the doorway, with a flat, clearly directed air flow. It will be enough to install a curtain of low power (i.5~5 kW) so that a wall of warm air along the opening completely cuts off the cold air from the residential area. In this case, the vestibule will be used only for changing shoes and accumulating street dirt.

Ergonomics of the territory

Tambours are often used as storage rooms and old shoes, household equipment, small items are stored here. Construction Materials. Thus, they clutter up the space and increase the area of surfaces that collect dust. In a small vestibule, it is advisable to arrange only shelves for shoes, as well as hooks and shelves for keys and other accessories. You can also hang a mirror on the wall. In the more spacious vestibule, after a walk, a baby stroller and sled are left.

If the depth allows, then you can equip a built-in closet (for example, a wardrobe) and store skis, balls and other sports equipment inside it. A mezzanine is made for the same purpose. And at the same time, due to it, the ceiling level is reduced so that there is no feeling of a well in the vestibule. Boxes from purchased equipment are stored in these same furniture elements, which should not be thrown away during the warranty period, etc. But the most frequently worn outerwear and hats should be stored in the wardrobe or hallway.

It is convenient when a door to the adjacent garage is built into the side wall of a spacious vestibule. Finally, internal and external doors are positioned both along the same axis, perpendicular to the facade, and at an angle of 90° to each other. The second option reduces airflow, but is less convenient as it makes it difficult to carry furniture.

Leave dirt in the extension

The entire history of a person’s movements during the day remains on the sole of the shoe: in the form of dust, small pebbles, snow, ice, etc. In a word, dirt. All of it remains with the shoes in the vestibule, but gradually accumulates and, sooner or later, ends up in the house. To prevent this, rag or rubberized mats are most often used, but they quickly become dirty, and the former also get wet. As a result, such coatings not only do not retain dirt, but also “return” it to the soles.

So it is better to use special dirt protection systems. For example, grilles made of aluminum or hard rubber, as well as combined products (they have metal strips alternating with rubber inserts). The cells in the grid should be square or diamond-shaped and of such a size that clods of dirt are collected and are not a trap for women's heels. The entire area of the vestibule should not be covered with grating. But to ensure complete collection of dirt, its width should be equal to the doorway (or better, 10-20 cm wider than it). The thickness of the grate is assumed to be 1o-16 mm - this allows you to collect up to 7-10 kg of dirt and clean it less often. At the same time, dirt can be collected using a grate on the outside area near the door, then a canopy should be strengthened over the entrance to protect it from precipitation.

Features of the final finishing of the vestibule

A vestibule is a room with constant changes in temperature and humidity. Materials that can be used for walls and ceilings should be wet cleaning. For example, you can use facade paint, plaster or plastic panels. But gypsum and other types of materials intended for indoor use are not suitable - coatings made from them may crack.

For visual increase spaces are chosen light colors finishing. Finally, wear-resistant ceramic tiles, natural or fake diamond or linoleum. They not only resist abrasion, but are also easy to clean.

Location and layout of the vestibule (schematic drawing)

Traditional small vestibule with wardrobe
Tambour, which also serves as a hall with stairs
Unusual planning solution allows efficient use of space
The entrance is recessed into the façade of the house, which provides even better protection from the cold. There is an exit from the vestibule to the garage
The entrance to the house is made on the same level as the facade. A door leads from the vestibule to the laundry room
Part of the vestibule having complex shape, reserved for a small dressing room

Additionally to the article:

Most often, the vestibule is built from the same material as the house.
A translucent structure, for example made of glass, can also serve as a vestibule.
In small old houses, for example in adobe, they often made a summer kitchen - essentially the same vestibule that insulates the living part of the house from the cold.
The construction of a vestibule in the main volume of the house, with reasonable planning, can help in zoning the space
If the vestibule is small, then the door should be installed so that it opens to the street.
It is better to heat the vestibule autonomously - using a “warm floor” system or installed above external door fan heater.
The vestibule, lowered 2-3 steps below the level of living quarters, better retains the cold.
Fencing off a small hallway by turning it into a vestibule is easy and inexpensive, and the resulting buffer will allow you to save on heating costs.
Why does the refrigerator leak? Trying to maintain the required...

Has anyone ever wondered why the door in the apartment is not covered with frost during the cold season? Of course, the first thing that comes to mind is good thermal insulation doors. But that's not all. The main reason for the lack of ice on the door is the presence of a vestibule - a small space separating the entrance doors to the apartment and the street ones. This room can also be found in a private house. But first things first.

General concept of vestibule

There are several meanings for a vestibule room, but they all essentially boil down to one thing. So, a vestibule is a separate room or a small part of it that prevents cold air from directly entering the living rooms. It serves as a place where street and home air meet.

Another purpose of the vestibule is to retain dirt, dust and sand carried on the soles of shoes. No matter what kind of rug is laid in front of the front door or inside the apartment or house, it will not be able to ensure complete cleanliness. But a separate room where you can exchange street shoes for indoor ones will cope with this task.

There are no building codes that would regulate the mandatory dimensions of the vestibule. But when designing it, you should take into account at least the width of the internal door, which, as a rule, opens outward. That's why minimum depth the vestibule should be 1.3-1.5 m. If it is expected additional use vestibule space, then, accordingly, its area must be increased.

Location of the vestibule and its necessity

According to its location, the vestibule can be built into the house or in the form of an extension (in a private

In public institutions there is also often a vestibule. In this case, during its construction it should be taken into account that what more people will come/leave at the same time, the more complex the vestibule plan should be. Otherwise there will be no meaning from it at all, because... cold air will quickly enter inside.

Many people believe that a vestibule is a completely unnecessary room in the house. It either eats up part of the living space or requires additional costs for an extension. In fact, the costs of its construction are quite justified, because... heating a home with a vestibule requires significantly less money than without it. This is especially noticeable in areas where the cold season lasts quite a long time.

Tambour in a private house

The construction of a vestibule was invented quite a long time ago, when a small extension to a private house was called the word “canopy.” Today, such a room can be decorated in any style and used not only as a buffer zone. For example, using double-glazed windows, you can build air structure, which will perfectly perform the main functions of the vestibule. If the room is spacious enough and the windows are large, you will get an excellent veranda on which you can gather guests at the table in the warm season.

The vestibule room can have not only internal and external doors, but also an entrance to another separate room. So, often an entrance is made from the vestibule. Then in wet or cold weather there will be no need to go outside to get into the car, and gasoline vapors will not penetrate into the home. An additional door can also lead to a utility building or boiler room.

Tambour in an apartment building

Tambour in the entrance, directly at the entrance, in modern houses doesn't always happen. More precisely, there is a room and an entrance door, of course. But the next internal door separating the entrance to the stairs may not exist.

vestibule in apartment building also called a room that separates 2 or more apartments from the rest of the corridor. Such a barrier is usually made not by developers, but by the owners themselves after moving in. If we turn to the legislation in this case, then such premises are possible only if the other owners of the apartments located on this floor are not against redevelopment. Also, when constructing a vestibule in an apartment building, the following conditions should be taken into account:

entrance doors to neighbors' apartments should open unhindered;
common areas should not be located in a separate area electrical panels, cables, etc.

Vestibule finishing

First of all, finishing the vestibule is necessary in a private house. It is advisable to additionally insulate the attached room using thermal insulation materials. They can be fixed both indoors and outdoors. The thermal insulation layer is puttied on top and proceed to Materials for outside chosen in accordance with the general concept of the house.

The built-in vestibule does not require additional insulation; finishing will be sufficient for it. The walls of the vestibule room can be painted and applied to them. textured plaster, cover with plastic panels - i.e. use materials that do not react to temperature changes and are not afraid of cold.

The flooring of the vestibule should be selected so that it meets the following parameters:

was durable;
durable (or at least easy to install);
easy to care for.

Both linoleum and ceramic tile, and porcelain stoneware. If desired, you can use more expensive materials, for example, a stone.

Often in apartment buildings, a vestibule is a room used by residents of two or more apartments. And therefore there may be no finishing at all. But if relations between neighbors are good, then finishing performed jointly. In this case, the materials chosen are similar to those used in the vestibule of a private house.

Operation of the vestibule room

In addition to the main functions of protecting living quarters from cold and dirt, the vestibule can serve as a storage room. If the area of the room allows, then you can put a cabinet in it, for example, for tools or sports equipment. The entrance vestibule in an apartment building can be used to store various food supplies, because, unlike a similar room in a private house, there will not be negative temperatures here, but it will not be too warm either.

In a small room, you can simply lay out and install a small shelf for shoes. In order for the mat to truly trap dirt, it should be chosen especially carefully. IN in this case A fine metal mesh with a rubber base is suitable. The base will prevent the mat from slipping, and dust and sand will settle in the mesh cells.

Vestibule heating

There is a lot of controversy regarding heating a vestibule room. A vestibule in a private house is one situation. According to building codes, heating devices cannot be installed there. Firstly, this can lead to freezing of the coolant. Secondly, even if it does not freeze, the cost of heating itself will increase. This is also not very profitable. Therefore, if there is a strong desire to provide a vestibule additional heating, you should opt for a heated floor system. It will warm the room a little and dry wet shoes.

An alternative option is to install a split system above the entrance doors. The outer doors will then be separated by a stream of warm air. It is not necessary to choose a large system power (given the small size of the room), and it will not work all the time. This method is often used by public institutions ( shopping centers, banks and other institutions). Naturally, in this case, the power of the split system should be greater than in a private house.

In apartments, additional insulation is rarely used in vestibules, because... There are heating devices in the entrance and they are enough to warm up the room a little. But if there is a goal, for example, to dry shoes in the wet and cold seasons, then a heated floor system would also be appropriate in this situation. Another point is connecting the vestibule to the apartment and insulating it. But such an action is illegal, because... The vestibule in this case is part of the general corridor and cannot be assigned.

What is also called a vestibule?

A vestibule is not only a room that protects the living space from cold and dirt. There is another meaning of this word. Thus, tambour also means a special type of knitting (embroidery).

In addition, there is a vestibule in the train carriage. It also protects the interior from cold, smoke and wind.

Whether to build a vestibule in a private house, whether to separate the apartment with an additional door from the site or not - each owner decides for himself, but the presence of this small room, obviously, has a lot of positive aspects.

Features of the vestibule layout

There are no separate standards for the design of vestibules. However, there are rules that also regulate the arrangement of this space.

In this case, the vestibule can be built into the main volume of the building or attached to it in the form of a protruding part (risalit), where a staircase can also be located. The entrance door must open outwards: this improves its resistance to burglary, increases the free space in the vestibule, and ensures safer evacuation in case of fire.

It is not necessary to organize natural lighting; artificial lighting is sufficient. But glazing can be provided in the internal door: this will increase both illumination and improve the visual perception of space. The floor covering must be hard and non-slippery (including when wet). When installing dirt collection grates, they should be installed flush with the top floor covering, without a protruding threshold. This guarantees safer travel. Finally, the vestibule area is often lowered two or three steps below the level of the first floor, which further helps to retain the cold in this room.

Most often, the vestibule is built from the same material as the house.
A translucent structure, for example made of glass, can also serve as a vestibule.
In small old houses, for example in adobe, they often made a summer kitchen - essentially the same vestibule that insulates the living part of the house from the cold.
The construction of a vestibule in the main volume of the house, with reasonable planning, can help in zoning the space
If the vestibule is small, then the door should be installed so that it opens to the street.
It is better to heat the vestibule autonomously - using a “warm floor” system or a fan heater installed above the external door.
The vestibule, lowered 2-3 steps below the level of living quarters, better retains the cold.
Fencing off a small hallway by turning it into a vestibule is easy and inexpensive, and the resulting buffer will allow you to save on heating costs.
Two rugs - with a large cell and hard pile - will best clean shoes

Which vestibule to build – heated or not?

The question of the necessity and possibility of heating the vestibule raises a lot of controversy. Some experts strongly recommend installing the circuit of the general heating system here to avoid the appearance of frost on the doors or ceiling of the room in winter. In addition, according to them, the vestibule can become so cold in cold weather that it ceases to act as a temperature buffer.

However, according to building codes, heating devices should not be placed in rooms that have external doors to avoid freezing of the coolant. And most designers do not recommend connecting the vestibule to traditional heating systems: this leads to unnecessary, completely unnecessary energy costs. The very essence of the vestibule, why it is needed in the first place, is to be a buffer, a mixing zone of cold and warm air.

It is permissible to install two heating devices here. Firstly, it is a cable heated floor. It will not harm the main function of the vestibule, will provide a more comfortable change from street shoes to house slippers, and will speed up the melting of snow, which often accumulates on the soles. An air thermal curtain, that is, several fan heaters installed above the doorway, with a flat, clearly directed air flow, will also be beneficial. It will be enough to install a curtain of low power (i.5~5 kW) so that a wall of warm air along the opening completely cuts off the cold air from the residential area. In this case, the vestibule will be used only for changing shoes and accumulating street dirt.

Thermal insulation of vestibule

The usefulness of the vestibule as a constructive temperature barrier for other rooms depends, first of all, on its thermal insulation qualities. The outer wall of the vestibule, being part of the external structures of the house, is an integral element of the thermal contour of the building, and its “pie” should help ensure and maintain the “thermos effect”.

The wall is made of the same material as in the rest of the house. But if additional insulation, for example, for a wall made of ceramic block or laminated veneer lumber is usually not required, then in the vestibule area experts recommend installing a layer of thermal insulation made of foam plastic, perlite or mineral wool slabs (basalt or glass wool - read more about seamless insulation here). For the latter, film vapor barrier on the inside and waterproofing on the outside are required. From the outside, a reinforcing mesh is strengthened onto the heat-insulating layer and then covered with finishing paint or plaster.

The attached vestibule can also be made using winter garden technology: a frame made of aluminum or plastic profile with double glazing. The main thing is to ensure reliable connection of the profile structure with the main wall. To do this, make an expansion joint: leave a gap 20-50 mm thick, fill it with fibrous insulation (tow or mineral wool, but not polyurethane foam) and protect it with façade sealant or waterproofing tape. The same seam must be made at the junction of the cottage foundations and the entrance vestibule in order to avoid the appearance of cracks over time. But the roof of the extension cannot be joined in this way. To cover the attached vestibule, it is better to make an independent rafter structure and cover the joint from above with a cornice strip.

DIY vestibule

We fill and assemble the frame.

I assembled galvanized corners with yellow screws, because... black ones break after one. The lower beam was secured with studs that were pre-placed during concreting.

I suddenly remembered that I forgot about the porch (in fact, I wanted a welded one, but abandoned this idea). We make formwork for the porch.By this time the frame had already been sheathed.

Let's fill this up, not forgetting the embeds under the railings.

There is wind protection on the outside, vapor barrier on the inside or vice versa, I don’t remember.

We cover the outside with siding on pre-installed profiles. We also cook pillars for the canopy

Inside - plastic panels

Tambour made of double-glazed windows

The area on which the vestibule will be located is determined.
The farthest corners of the future room are pits for support pillars.
To ensure correctness, the pillars are concreted during installation.· Filling the proposed floor with soil.
distribute metal profiles with their fastening to support pillars.
Roof beams are added, connecting them to each other, using all safety measures.
Attaching roof beams to the profile frame and to the metal profile.
Next come the materials that insulate the vestibule.
Wall treatment, room style design.
Inserting double-glazed windows and doors, securing them to the load-bearing frame.
Elimination of unfinished details.

Do-it-yourself small vestibule

Likewise, we start any construction from the foundation. The foundation will be piled with a grillage. To do this, you need to drill holes with a hand drill to a depth below freezing of the soil. Install reinforcement into the hole under the pile.

We waterproof the pile. We take the roofing material and roll it into a tube, install it in the mouth. In addition, it will act as formwork, since the grillage is raised 10 cm above the ground. We pour concrete.

For the grillage, we make formwork, lay reinforcement and fill it with concrete. In order to raise it above the ground, you need to add sand and cover the bottom of the formwork with film.

Then, after three days, you can begin installing the reinforced concrete floor.

On the seventh Tuesday we erect walls that are connected to the outer wall of the house using reinforcement outlets.

Building up the roof in the vestibule.

Vestibule size

For residential buildings The dimensions of the vestibule should be as follows: depth 1.4 m, width = width of the doorway + 0.3 m.

For public buildings The vestibule size is calculated slightly differently. Depth should be equal to width door leaf+ 0.2 m, and width = width of the door leaf + 0.15 m on each side. Only in this case, the minimum depth should not be less than 1.2 m, and if it is abused by disabled people, then the minimum depth should be 1.8 m and width 2.2 m.

Building a vestibule measuring 1.4 x 1.2 m under the table on foot is not entirely rational. Therefore, this building often develops into glass veranda, where there is already more space and you can place some kind of furniture.

Sources: imhodom.ru, kak-svoimi-rukami.com, svoidomstroim.ru, hdinterior.ru