A spring that will serve for a long time and perform its tasks as efficiently as possible can be made not only in production. Yes, there is an opportunity to fully comply with all manufacturing process, all its parameters, correctly select the characteristics of all technological processes (for example, hardening temperature). However, you can make a simple spring for a mechanism that operates in a gentle mode with your own hands.
To do this you will need the following materials:
- directly a spring and wire of a size suitable for the intended unit;
- gas-burner;
- metalworking tools;
- vice;
- household or thermal oven.
Diameter
If the wire diameter is no more than 2 mm, then a spring can be made without using heat treatment. To do this, you need to bend the wire in such a way that it becomes absolutely even, and then wind it forcefully onto the mandrel.
As for the diameter of the mandrel, it should be slightly smaller than inner diameter springs you want to get. This is necessary to compensate for elastic deformation. Most likely, you will have to unbend and coil the spring several times, try several sizes of mandrels to find the desired diameter. The distance between the coils of the compression spring should be slightly greater than that of the finished spring. The two outer turns should fit well and tightly to each other.
If the diameter of the spring you want to use is raw material more than 2 mm, then before you start working with it, it must be annealed. Because without this procedure it is impossible to straighten and wind such a thick wire.
- First of all, you need to choose the right material for the future spring - this is half the success. Alloys of non-ferrous metals (65G, 60HFA, 60S2A, 70SZA, Br. B2, etc.) or special steels (carbon or alloyed) are used in production. If you decide to make the spring yourself, the most suitable material there will be another spring for this the right size(you need to pay attention to the diameter of the wire from which it is made).
- Annealing is best carried out in a special thermal furnace. If you couldn’t find one, then use brick or metal. Light a fire using birch wood and place a spring in the coals. Wait until it is red hot and let it continue to sit in the oven until it cools completely. After this annealing procedure, the wire will become suitable for winding.
- Straighten it and wind it around the mandrel. Do this as described above. When making a spring, wind the coils close to each other.
- Now so that it does not lose its shape. To do this, it must be heated to a temperature of 830-870 degrees and lowered into transformer oil (spindle oil can also be used). Naturally, you will not be able to track using instruments desired temperature, so determine it visually by the color of the heated metal. At a temperature of 830-900°C the metal has a light red color. If such a shade appears, the spring has reached the desired state.
- After hardening, you need to compress the spring until the coils compress and leave it, without releasing it, for 20-40 hours. Then grind off the ends of the spring on a sharpening unit and the product is ready.
Almost every home craftsman knows that it is possible to make a spring from almost any wire and successfully use it in everyday life. Mainly problems with self-production details do not arise. However, sometimes situations arise in which it is necessary to either make a spring of non-standard dimensions, or give it increased strength and elasticity. To do this, you should resort to heat treatment operations. It is quite possible to harden a spring at home. It goes without saying that homemade part should not be used in particularly critical devices operating under increased load. For such purposes, it is recommended to use factory-made springs. But for home use In a device operating in a lightweight mode, the technology in question is quite suitable.
Required tools and materials
In order to make and harden a wire spring with your own hands, you need:
- Steel wire. The diameter is selected based on required characteristics future product.
- Ordinary gas burner.
- Metalworking tools: pliers, hammer, etc.
- Vise.
- Stove. This may be, if available, a special one or an ordinary household one.
Can facilitate the process of winding spirals additional accessories, which are selected individually in accordance with the size and stiffness of the spring.
If the use and hardening is intended to be made from wire with a diameter of less than 2 millimeters, then it may not be preheated. It will bend without any problems without this operation. However, before starting winding, it is recommended to straighten it along its entire length and completely level it.
When using wire with a diameter of more than 2 millimeters, it should be burned before starting work. Without this operation, aligning and winding it will be problematic.
Features of the operation
- The right foundation is the key to success. In factory conditions, an alloy of non-ferrous metals (65G, 60HFA, 60S2A, 70SZA, Br. B2), alloyed or carbon steel. During homemade the optimal basis would be an old spring of the required diameter.
- A special furnace is best suited for annealing. If this is not available, brick or metal will do.
- For cooling after heating, it is recommended to use transformer oil. If it is not available, a spindle will do.
Sequencing
1. Before tempering the spring wire, you should check the base material and make sure that the wire used is carbon steel.
2. The annealing procedure, as mentioned earlier, can add plasticity. This will make the process of alignment and winding onto the mandrel easier. You can use a special oven or any suitable oven for this. In everyday life, it is possible to harden in the most suitable structure (metal or brick). To do this, a regular fire is lit and then the future spring is placed in the coal. After heating the workpiece red-hot, the wire must be removed and allowed to cool naturally. The cooled wire will be much softer and you can work with it comfortably.
3. The softened wire should be completely aligned and begin winding onto a mandrel of a suitable diameter. During the procedure, you need to control the tight arrangement of the turns to each other. To make it easier, you can use a screwdriver.
4. To impart the required elasticity, hardening will be required. Thanks to this heat treatment the part is harder and more durable. Hardening springs involves heating them to a temperature of 830 to 870 degrees. To do this, you can use a gas burner. We already talked earlier.
It is unlikely that you will find a suitable thermometer at home that can accurately determine the temperature of a part. Therefore, you can navigate by the color of the metal. When required temperature When reached, the workpiece will turn light red. We recommend watching the video from a detailed story about the heating temperature. After this, the spring is placed in a cooling medium (oil).
5. Afterwards, the hardened spring must be kept in a compressed state. This requires from 20 to 40 hours.
6. Finally, process and adjust to the required dimensions.
Correct implementation of such hardening will allow you to successfully use the spring in home mechanisms.
Hi all brainiacs! It’s good if the springs you need for your projects can be purchased at the store, but even then, how many of them should you have in stock, and what size and type? In addition, store-bought springs are sometimes suitable, and sometimes it is very difficult to find the right one, so it would be nice to learn how to make them with your own hands and this article will help with this!
Making springs, although it seems somewhat scary, but with the basic tools at hand and simple knowledge, anyone can do-it-yourselfer can do them. In this tutorial I will tell you how to make some springs, first the easy way, and then using a more diverse tool, but it’s also not difficult.
Step 1: Spring Types
The photo shows several types of springs, which I will show you how to make.
On the left is an extension spring, then a compression spring, a conical spring and a torsion spring.
Step 2: Basic Method
In the first and most in a simple way creation brainsprings The tools and materials shown in the photo are used. Using them you can safely make a wide variety of springs, and these are:
- wooden stick with a diameter of 1.2 cm
- piano string
- pliers with an “option” for biting off wire
- hacksaw
- clamp
- screwdriver
Step 3: Preparing the Wooden Stick
From wooden stick we cut off a piece about 13cm long, and at one of the ends we make a slot into which the string will be inserted. A stick with a diameter of 1.2 cm is good for this, as it fits perfectly into the screwdriver chuck. Smaller stick brain diameter If it doesn't fit, she won't be able to hold a piano string.
Step 4: Making an Extension Spring
For our purposes, a screwdriver is better suited than a drill, because you can control the rotation speed. To be safe, always use pliers as the string may spring back and injure you!
First, we attach the screwdriver to the workbench with a clamp, then control the screwdriver power button with one hand, and hold it with the other pliers, wind the coils of the spring as much as you need. While feeding the string, we pull it tightly, so the spring will be of better quality.
Step 5: Bend the Ends
Having wound the spring, we bend its ends using pliers and get a finished extension spring. By experimenting in this way, you can obtain springs of various sizes.
Step 6: Compression Spring
To create a spring of this type, you will need a longer stick, but also with a slot at the end. When winding it, you need to keep a certain distance between the turns, which is controlled “by eye”; you may have to practice a little to get a high-quality spring, but brain activity it's quite interesting.
Having made such a spring, I tested it - I put it on a wooden rod, and placed a small block on top. When I pressed it and released it, the block flew to the ceiling like a bullet.
Step 7: Conical Spring
A conical stick can be made using a screwdriver and a grinder.
Using the same brain technology, the string is threaded into the slot of a cone-shaped stick, and then winding occurs. After the spring is wound, its ends are cut off, and that’s it, the conical spring is ready.
To get a high-quality spring cone, I wound two of these, and the second one turned out better.
Step 8: Torsion Spring
To create this spring I was forced to use a slotted brass rod because the wooden one wouldn't hold up.
To make a torsion spring, just wind several coils at the distance you need between them. After this, slightly bending the ends you will get a finished torsion spring.
Step 9: Finally
The photo shows a compression spring I made using a brass rod, and several others in different sizes.
I think this brain technology making springs is not difficult, and I hope you will find it useful in your homemade products. Plus, it will help you save money if you need a lot of springs.
Thank you for your attention and good luck in brain creativity!
Craftsmen assure that spare parts from an old car are very good consumables for arrangement original interior houses or apartments. They can also be used quite effectively in household. Our material will be equally interesting to both those who treat these ideas with a fair amount of skepticism and those who like to be original.
Wheel disks
Perhaps, based on the degree of “integration” into the household, they can rightfully consider themselves leaders.
For example, with minimal modification they make excellent country barbecues. Various “design solutions” on this topic constantly appear in any social network, and one can only envy their ingenuity. During the search, you can come across smokehouse towers consisting of even 5-6 disks. But those who don't want to bother with multi-step engineering work, they claim that the simplest version of such a grill can handle the task of cooking meat and vegetable dishes over coals. To do this, experts say, it is enough just to equip a disk turned upside down with three legs (ordinary metal tubes of the appropriate diameter will perfectly play this role), and make sure that the coals do not spill down through the holes (you can use either whole piece iron, or get by folded several times metal mesh with narrow cells). The result is at least one summer season land plot You are provided with a reliable (and most importantly - inexpensive) device for cooking meat on coals.
I spoke about another fairly common way to use a wheel in the household. "SP" resident of one of the suburban dacha villages Evgeniy Volodin. “I don’t remember where I saw this option,” says the man, “but I really liked it. By simply nailing a couple of discs to the wall of the barn, I had very convenient holders for watering hoses at my disposal.” True, not so long ago Evgeniy brought the original idea a little, as they say, to fruition. One small inconvenience prompted him to “rework” it: winding the hoses onto the wheel manually after watering cannot be called clean work. Therefore, the savvy summer resident mounted the next wheel on a pin with a bearing, equipping the structure with a spring and a gear wheel with an anchor. Now, at the end of watering, the hose is wound onto the disk on its own.
"Rims can be used as a basis for coffee tables with backlight, says a freelance designer Nadezhda Agafonova. - Particularly good in combination with glass table top in this capacity, cast or forged products with a negative offset. Because the light of the LEDs or lamps hidden inside the base is scattered very beautifully due to the original design of the wheel.” However, in this case, the weight of the structure turns out to be quite decent, Agafonova clarifies.
Car interior elements
Recommendations for the use of car seats in the process of arranging the interior of a house or apartment are an imperishable “hit” of many glamorous magazines dedicated to design art. You won’t find any number of options on their pages. There are also folding rocking chairs, which can easily be converted into the front seats of any car (you just need to put them on runners and equip them with armrests), and kitchen sofas with a chain swing (mainly the rear seats are used for these purposes). The imagination of developers, as they say, has no limits. True, it is worth noting that all this diversity is purely decorative properties. From a functional point of view, it is very difficult to find other uses for seats from an old car.
Seat belt buckles make good key holders. Provided, of course, that the bunch of keys is equipped with a keychain in the form of a buckle from this very belt. “Of course, such a unique key holder may seem somewhat cumbersome to some, as it did to me at first,” says a resident of Krasnoyarsk Polina Ozerova. “That’s why I grumbled for a long time about my husband, who hung these clamps with buttons on the wall of the hallway of our house exactly for the number of members of our family. But I soon realized that in terms of storage reliability, such a system is definitely superior to any of the most beautiful hooks, not to mention simple nails, from where keys can simply be accidentally swept away.”
Experienced car enthusiast Igor Gladyshev from Moscow in his house crashed into everything interior doors not the usual furniture, but car locks. Moreover, as they say, “supported domestic manufacturer", giving preference to the model that was used, in particular, in the VAZ-2107 line of cars. “From the time I was studying at a driving school, I remembered the instructor’s words that the so-called “recessed” handles in a car are much safer than protruding ones. And when my child, always rushing around the rooms at breakneck speed, hit his forehead quite well a couple of times on the protruding handles of the usual locks, and my wife slightly cut her thigh, I decided to take this step.”
Yes, Igor explains, the mortise “American tongues” had to be removed and replaced with ordinary round latches. But now none of the household members have scratches or bruises after an accidental meeting with door locks.
Suspension and body
"In England and others European countries, says a graduate of Moscow Architectural Institute Ilona Sergeeva, - quite often on the properties of wealthy citizens you can see old cars, turned into small swimming pools at the whim of the owners. And in the houses themselves there are rear parts of the bodies that act as secretaries.”
In Russia, perhaps, such landscape and interior solutions would look very extravagant, but domestic craftsmen are making some interesting discoveries in this area. Inhabitant Krasnodar region Maxim Ya., selling my old UAZ-469 damaged in an accident for spare parts, for a very long time I could not fit the hood cover into reliable hands. And when he had already come to terms with the fact that this spare part, apparently, would simply have to be scrapped, it occurred to him original idea. “I was just finishing the construction of a shed on the site,” he says, “and there were only a few building materials. I began to figure out what I could use to make a visor over the door, and then the same hood caught my eye. I ultimately adopted him in this capacity.” It turned out, says Maxim, cheap and cheerful. And when he later attached a pair of headlights to the hood (after having inserted ordinary lamps there) daylight), then at the same time I solved the problem of lighting the yard in dark time days.
In a similar extravagant way, by the way, some Russian design bureaus, which have long ago adopted world experience in manufacturing, propose to solve the issue of lighting (only for rooms). table lamps And wall lamps from car shock absorbers, as well as exhaust gas exhaust system pipes.
According to experts, it is possible to produce a spring with high performance characteristics and in compliance with all necessary parameters only using special factory equipment. Nevertheless myself technological process is nothing complicated.
The question of how to make a spring at home is quite relevant. This is due to the fact that there are situations when you have at hand home handyman there may be no spring required diameter. In this case, you have to make it yourself. How to make a spring with your own hands? What tools are needed for this? You will find information on how to make a spring at home in this article.
What will you need for work?
Before making a spring, you need to acquire the following consumables and equipment:
- Steel wire.
- Bench vice.
- A regular gas burner.
- A mandrel on which the wire will be wound.
- Thermal or household oven.
About the wire
It is desirable that it be hardened high carbon steel. You can use special carbon and alloyed or non-ferrous alloys: 60HFA, 70S3A, 65G, 60S2A, etc. Judging by the reviews, many home craftsmen remake old unnecessary springs. This method is considered the most optimal, since such a product usually uses wire with excellent technical characteristics.
About the diameter
How to make a spring? What wire diameter should I choose? Experts recommend using consumables with a diameter of no more than 0.2 cm. Due to the fact that such wire bends easily, it does not require preliminary heat treatment. Before winding onto the mandrel, it is unbent and carefully aligned. When choosing the diameter for the mandrel, you should proceed from the dimensions of the future spring. In other words, you need to take into account the internal cross section products. Many craftsmen compensate for elastic deformations of the wire by selecting mandrels of obviously smaller diameter. When working with wire thicker than 0.2 cm, difficulties often arise when winding it onto the mandrel. In this case, you will have to perform preliminary annealing.
Where should I start?
Experts recommend using wire from an old spring whose diameter does not suit the owner. The craftsman will only have to align it and wind it onto a mandrel with a cross-section of the required size. To do this, the wire must be absolutely straight. It will be much more plastic if it is processed in a special oven. If you don’t have one, any other device that can be heated with firewood will do. According to experienced craftsmen, birch provides sufficient heat for firing. After lighting the stove, you need to wait for the wood to burn in it. Only coals should remain. You should put the old spring in them. If the product is hot enough, it will turn red. Now the spring can be moved to the side so that it cools in the air. After this procedure, the metal will become plastic and easy to work with.
How to make a spring?
After waiting until the old product has cooled down sufficiently, they begin to unwind it. Absolutely straight wire should be wound onto the mandrel. For those who do not know how to make a spring, experts recommend placing the coils close together. At this stage, the master will have to make physical effort. The mandrel is clamped in a bench vice.
The work will be much easier if you use pliers. Judging by the reviews of experienced craftsmen, very often beginners have difficulty selecting the size of the mandrel. It is possible that you will have to work not with one mandrel, but with several with different sections. Diameter for homemade spring in this case, it is selected empirically.
Hardening of the product
For those who are interested in how to make a spring themselves, experienced craftsmen also advise paying attention to its hardening. This procedure consists of heat treatment of the product in order to give it the required elasticity.
A spring that has undergone quenching becomes much harder and more durable compared to its original state. Heat treatment is performed in special furnaces at temperatures from 830 to 870 degrees. You can also cope with this work at home using ordinary gas burner. Since there are usually no temperature sensors in such devices, the home craftsman will have to control the process visually. The color of the item being heated can be used as a guide. When heated to 800 degrees, the metal turns cherry red. This means that it is too early to remove the product from the oven. If the spring is hot enough (870 degrees), it will turn light red. Now it should be cooled. Transformer or spindle oil is suitable for this purpose. In special factory thermal ovens metals are heated to 1050 degrees. Products with this temperature conditions take on orange tints.
Final stage
After the hardening procedure, the spring should be compressed and left in this position for two days. Then using grinder, its ends are processed. This will give the handicraft the required size. After completing all of the above steps, the spring is considered ready for use. According to experts, homemade products cannot be compared with similar factory-made products.
However, non-standard springs are widely used in various mechanisms. If they are used in a gentle manner, the springs will last quite a long time.