Gas burner temperature 500 degrees. Fire temperature of different flame sources

For soft roofs, optimal hydro- and thermal insulation materials are those that are fused using a roofing torch. This is labor intensive and hard work, which, moreover, is performed at a high level. The result of high-quality installation will be a long service life of the roof. Therefore, only high-quality equipment is selected for work. In the article we will look at the existing types and advantages of various roofing burners.

What is a roof burner?

This is special equipment for heating the fused roof. In addition, the surface is dried using a burner, the workpieces are heated for construction work, burn construction paint and is used for all work where it is necessary to heat elements or surfaces.

The gas burner for the roof consists of:

metal cup made of heat-resistant material;
gas supply hose;
nozzles for igniting the burner with wind protection.

Roof burner is mobile design with comfortable handles for carrying it. It is lightweight, up to 1.5 kg, and is equipped with a comfortable handle made of wood or plastic up to 1 m long.

The gas most often used is propane. It enters the housing through a gas hose. Its supply and flame length are regulated using a special valve on the burner. To save gas consumption, roofing burners are equipped with a gearbox that controls fuel consumption.

All designs of gas burners are equipped with an atmospheric air suction system. This is a mandatory function, but there are additional ones that make work more comfortable. First of all, the ability to regulate operating modes. For example, when there is a break in work, the standby mode is activated and fuel is saved. Any gas-burner Lights with regular matches or a lighter.

Less popular, but also used for roofing work, are burners that run on diesel fuel.

Application of gas burners

They are used in most branches of construction and industry.

The design of gas burners depends on the fuel they burn and the application. But overall they are identical. The burner, consisting of a housing, a flame adjustment lever and a fuel supply valve, is connected to a gas cylinder through a reducer. Some manufacturers supplement the designs of gas burners with additional wind protection of the flame and piezo ignition.

Types of gas burners

Hand torches are used to lay roofs made of bituminous materials. Most often these are propane torches for lever roofing. They are convenient to use - the flame length is easily adjusted by simply pressing the lever mechanism, switching to an economical gas consumption mode.

During operation, the gas burner consumes a mixture of propane with air or with the addition of technical oxygen. Gas-air burners are the safest to operate. They provide sufficient temperature for roofing work, heating metal parts, annealing paint and for soldering cables.

Valve-type gas burners are easy to use, light weight and do not cause difficulties during repair. By creating a high flame with great power, they make it possible to carry out work even in windy weather.

There are also acetylene torches that operate on a mixture of acetylene and oxygen. Most often they are used for welding work. They are designed in such a way that oxygen in injection acetylene burners is needed not only to maintain combustion, but also to supply acetylene.

In addition, the burners differ in functionality and have different abbreviations:

GV 500

Used for roofing work. It is capable of creating a heating temperature of up to three hundred degrees, which is quite sufficient for fusing all bituminous materials;

GV 850

More advanced model. It has a valve for precise adjustment of the supply of technical gas from the cylinder. And thanks to the lever, the flame length can be easily adjusted during work. Its power is enough to melt metal-plastic pipes and refractory cables.

GV 3

GGS1-1.7

The most versatile and most popular burner. Heats the surface up to four hundred degrees. It is used when laying soft roofing materials, road and waterproofing works. The power is 115 kW with a fuel consumption of 9 kg/h.

GGS1-1.0

Indispensable for working in confined spaces and on roofs with a large angle of inclination. It is a good replacement for a regular blowtorch. With small sizes (length 50cm) it has more power, safe, economical and easy to use. Its power is 40 kW, and gas consumption is 3 kg/h.

GGS1-0.5

Used for minor roofing repairs, soldering, cable welding. Due to economical fuel consumption, it can work with a five-liter gas cylinder. Power is 10 kW, consumption is 0.7 kg/h.

GGS2-1.5

Equipped with two parallel bells, thanks to which it has high performance. Power 179 kW with fuel consumption 14 kg/h.

GGS4-1.0

Or a roller. It has 4 bells, which provides simultaneous heating of a width of 1 meter and allows you to work non-stop. The cuts have special hooks for the roofing material; with their help, all the work of laying it can be done by one person. Power 120 kW, consumption - 12 kg/h.

Gas burners are used in all types of construction and repair work and can heat surfaces up to four hundred degrees. In particular: Gas-air injection burner GG-2, gas burner GVK 1, liquid fuel burner GRZh-1, propane burner GSP-3, propane burner GVK-1-R, propane torch GSP-4 and others.

The price of gas burners for roofing varies greatly and depends on many factors: performance, additional functions, on the ability to work with a particular fuel, as well as on the manufacturer. It is worth noting that they are inexpensive and accessible to most consumers.

What do you need to know when working with a gas burner for a soft roof?

Let's look at this using the example of roofing work when laying roofing felt:

First, the entire surface is cleaned - not only large debris is removed, but also fine dust;
for marking, sheets of roofing material are laid out on the roof with an overlap of up to 10 cm, after which it is twisted, and the edges of all sheets are secured with a gas burner at the base of the roof;

During operation, the roll of roofing felt is rolled out gradually, melting and pressing tightly to the roof surface. All wrinkles and bubbles formed under the material should be removed immediately. When working on flat roofs this is done using a hand roller;
The final stage of work with a gas burner will be heating up all the seams of the roofing material. When heated, it melts, sticking tightly to bottom sheet. Additionally, the seams are strengthened with a hand roller.

When a high-quality gas burner with adjustable fuel supply is used for work, up to 600 m of roofing material can be laid non-stop.

Important! It is allowed to use a gas burner for a soft roof at a temperature of at least 15 degrees. If you need to work at a lower temperature, you will need a liquid fuel burner.

Safety precautions when working with a roofing gas burner

Roofing work is required in special clothing and shoes with non-slip soles;
use a safety system;
Before use, the gas burner is carefully inspected. It is necessary to ensure that all structural elements are in good condition;
When the burner is operating, there should not be a second gas cylinder on the roof. It is also necessary to periodically check the tightness of the connection between the hose and the reducer and the cylinder;
When lighting the burner, under no circumstances should you stand in front of the nozzle;
the height of the flame must be adjusted so that it does not touch the cylinder, hose or people;
when heating the roofing material being built up, one must not allow it to ignite;
Only the lower part of the sheet should melt, without softening the entire thickness of the material;
When lighting a propane burner, you should first open the valve half a turn and leave it to purge for a few seconds. And only then can the mixture be ignited and the height of the flame adjusted;
It is prohibited to leave with a working gas burner work area or climb through scaffolding;
to extinguish the burner, the gas supply is first shut off, and then the locking lever is lowered;
if the burner overheats or a backfire occurs, operation stops immediately, the gas is shut off, and the burner is placed to cool in a container with cold water.

Should I buy a ready-made burner or make my own?

It’s worth saying right away that it will be much easier and safer to buy a ready-made burner than to make it yourself. But if you have confidence in your abilities and love to do everything with your own hands, then you can try.

A gas burner is a complex device and in order to make it you will need certain skills and careful adherence to many rules. But still, it is better to leave some of the work to professionals. This primarily concerns the gas supply system and gas storage tank.

Used to make a torch metal rod and a divider. They are attached to a handle made of heat-resistant wood.

The gas supply hose is borrowed from a gas welding system or independently machined from brass.

Despite the fact that the external appearance of a roofing burner assembled by yourself will differ significantly from its store-bought counterparts, it will cope with its basic functions.

But when working with it, you will have to pay special attention to the slightest gas leaks or other malfunctions. And even if there is a minor problem, work should be stopped immediately.

Diesel burner for roofing

These roofing burners operate on liquid fuel. They are especially relevant for operation at high temperatures, in which case they are equipped with built-in fuel heating. They are fully automated and capable of working with fuel of various qualities. Diesel roof burners are equipped with a high-pressure air blower system, which ensures stable and safe ignition and reduces soot formation.

Liquid fuel burners are structurally different from their gas counterparts. In diesel fuel, the fuel enters the chamber under high pressure, which causes the liquid to atomize. And the already sprayed tiny particles are ignited at the exit of the nozzle, creating a flame. Therefore, the burner is connected to the compressor and fuel container using oil- and gas-resistant hoses.

The liquid fuel roof burner is designed to operate under the following conditions:

at ambient temperatures from - 25 to + 40 degrees;
at atmospheric pressure - 101 kPa;
if necessary, flame temperatures up to 600-800 degrees.

In this case, the approximate consumption of diesel fuel is 10 l / 100 m2 of area.

How to operate a diesel roofing burner:

check the serviceability of all structural elements;
turn on the compressor and supply air to the nozzle. Then, opening the fuel supply valve, bring a special ignition harness to the nozzle. After ignition, use the diesel fuel supply valve to adjust the flame level.

The purpose of this article is to tell you how to make a gas burner with your own hands. Gas burners in small businesses, individual technical creativity and in everyday life are used very widely for soldering, plumbing and forging, roofing, jewelry work, for starting gas heating appliances and obtaining various needs flames with temperatures above 1500 degrees.

In the technological aspect, a gas flame is good because it has a high reducing ability (cleanses the metal surface of contaminants and restores its oxide into pure metal), without exhibiting any noticeably different chemical activity.

In heat engineering – gas is a highly energy-intensive, relatively inexpensive and clean fuel; 1 GJ of gas heat is, as a rule, cheaper than from any other energy carrier, and coking of gas heating devices and soot deposition in them is minimal or absent.

But at the same time, let us repeat the common truth: they don’t joke with gas. A gas burner is not so complicated, but how to achieve its efficiency and safety - this will be discussed further. With examples of correct technical execution and recommendations for making it yourself.

Choosing gas

We make exclusively a gas burner using propane, butane or a propane-butane mixture with our own hands, those. on gaseous saturated hydrocarbons, and atmospheric air. When using 100% isobutane (see below), it is possible to achieve flame temperatures of up to 2000 degrees.

Acetylene makes it possible to obtain a flame temperature of up to 3000 degrees, but due to its danger, the high cost of calcium carbide and the need for pure oxygen as an oxidizing agent, it has practically fallen out of use in welding work. It is possible to obtain pure hydrogen at home; a hydrogen flame from a supercharged burner (see below) gives temperatures up to 2500 degrees. But the raw materials for producing hydrogen are expensive and unsafe (one of the components is a strong acid), but the main thing is that hydrogen cannot be smelled or tasted, there is no point in adding a mercaptan fragrance to it, because Hydrogen spreads an order of magnitude faster, and its admixture with air of only 4% already produces an explosive explosive gas, and its ignition can occur simply in the light.

Methane not used in household gas burners for similar reasons; in addition, it is highly poisonous. As for flammable liquid vapors, pyrolysis gases and biogas, when burned in gas burners they produce a not very clean flame with a temperature below 1100 degrees. Flammable liquids of medium and below average volatility (from gasoline to fuel oil) are burned in special liquid burners, for example, in burners for diesel fuel; alcohols are used in low-power flame devices, and ethers do not burn at all - they have low energy, but are very dangerous.

How to achieve safety

To make a gas burner safe to operate and not waste fuel, the golden rule should be: no scaling or any changes to the prototype drawings at all!

Here the matter is in the so-called. Reynolds number Re, showing the relationship between flow speed, density, viscosity of the flowing medium and the characteristic size of the region in which it moves, for example. cross-sectional diameter of the pipe. From Re one can judge the presence of turbulence in the flow and its nature. If, for example, the pipe is not round and both of its characteristic sizes are greater than a certain critical value, then vortices of the 2nd and higher orders will appear. There may not be physically distinguished “pipe” walls, for example, in sea currents, but many of their “tricks” are explained precisely by the transition of Re through critical values.

Note: just in case, for reference, for gases the value of the Reynolds number at which laminar flow becomes turbulent is Re>2000 (in the SI system).

Not all homemade gas burners are accurately calculated according to the laws of gas dynamics. But, if you arbitrarily change the dimensions of the parts of a successful design, then the Re of fuel or sucked air may jump beyond the limits that it adhered to in the author’s product, and the burner will become, at best, smoky and voracious, and, quite possibly, dangerous.

Injector diameter

The determining parameter for the quality of a gas burner is the cross-sectional diameter of its fuel injector (gas nozzle, nozzle, nozzle - synonyms). For propane-butane burners on normal temperature(1000-1300 degrees) it can be approximately taken as follows:

On thermal power up to 100 W – 0.15-0.2 mm.
For a power of 100-300 W - 0.25-0.35 mm.
For a power of 300-500 W - 0.35-0.45 mm.
For a power of 500-1000 W - 0.45-0.6 mm.
For a power of 1-3 kW - 0.6-0.7 mm.
For a power of 3-7 kW - 0.7-0.9 mm.
For power 7-10 kW – 0.9-1.1 mm.

In high-temperature burners, the injectors are made narrower, 0.06-0.15 mm. An excellent material for the injector would be a piece of needle for a medical syringe or dropper; from them you can select a nozzle for any of the indicated diameters. Needles for inflating balls are worse; they are not heat resistant. They are used more like air ducts in supercharged microburners, see below. It is sealed into the injector cage (capsule) with hard solder or glued with heat-resistant glue (cold welding).

Power

Under no circumstances should you make a gas burner with a power exceeding 10 kW. Why? Let's say the burner efficiency is 95%; for an amateur design this is a very good indicator. If the burner power is 1 kW, then it will take 50 W to self-heat the burner. A 50 W soldering iron can get burned, but it does not threaten an accident. But if you make a 20 kW burner, then 1 kW will be superfluous; this is an iron or electric stove left unattended. The danger is aggravated by the fact that its manifestation, like Reynolds numbers, is threshold - either simply hot, or flares up, melts, explodes. Therefore the drawings homemade burner It’s better not to look for more than 7-8 kW.

Note: industrial gas burners are produced with a power of up to many MW, but this is achieved by precise profiling of the gas barrel, which is impossible at home; see one example below.

Armature

The third factor that determines the safety of the burner is the composition of its fittings and the procedure for using it. IN general scheme is this:

Under no circumstances should the burner be extinguished using the control valve; the fuel supply is stopped using the valve on the cylinder;
For burners with a power of up to 500-700 W and high-temperature ones (with a narrow injector, excluding the transition of Re gas flow beyond the critical value), powered by propane or isobutane from a cylinder up to 5 liters at an external temperature of up to 30 degrees, it is permissible to combine control and shut-off valves in one - standard on the cylinder;
In burners with a power of more than 3 kW (with a wide injector), or powered from a cylinder of more than 5 liters, the probability of “overshooting” Re beyond 2000 is very high. Therefore, in such burners, between the shut-off and control valves, a reducer is required to maintain the pressure in the supply gas pipeline within certain limits.

Which one should I do?

Low-power gas burners for everyday life and small private production are classified according to performance indicators as follows. way:

High-temperature – for precision soldering and welding, jewelry and glassblowing. Efficiency is not important, you need to achieve the maximum flame temperature for a given fuel.
Technological – for metalworking and forging work. The flame temperature is highly desirable not lower than 1200 degrees, and subject to this condition the burner is brought to maximum efficiency.
Heating and roofing systems achieve the best efficiency. The flame temperature is usually up to 1100 degrees or lower.

Regarding the method of burning fuel, a gas burner can be made according to one of the following. schemes:

Free-atmospheric.
Atmospheric ejection.
Supercharged.

Atmospheric

In free-atmospheric burners, gas burns in free space; air flow is ensured by free convection. Such burners are uneconomical; the flame is red, smoky, dancing and beating. They are of interest, firstly, because with an excess supply of gas or insufficient air, any other burner can be switched to free-atmospheric mode. It is here that the burners are ignited - at a minimum fuel supply and even less air flow. Secondly, the free flow of secondary air can be very useful in the so-called. one-and-a-half-circuit burners for heating, because greatly simplifies their design without sacrificing safety, see below.

Ejection

In ejection burners, at least 40% of the air required for fuel combustion is sucked in by the gas flow from the injector. Ejection burners are structurally simple and make it possible to obtain a flame with a temperature of up to 1500 degrees with an efficiency of over 95%, therefore they are used most widely, but cannot be made modulated, see below. According to the use of air, ejection burners are divided into:

Single-circuit - all the necessary air is sucked in at once. With a properly profiled gas channel at a power of more than 10 kW they show an efficiency of over 99%. Can't be repeated with your own hands.
Double circuit - approx. 50% of the air is sucked in by the injector, the rest into the combustion chamber and/or afterburner. They allow you to get either a flame of 1300-1500 degrees, or a CPL of over 95% and a flame of up to 1200 degrees. Used in any of the ways listed above. Structurally they are quite complex, but repeatable on their own.
One-and-a-half-circuit, often also called double-circuit - the primary air is sucked in by the flow from the injector, and the secondary air freely enters a limited volume (for example, the furnace firebox), in which the fuel burns out. Only single-mode (see below), but structurally simple, therefore widely used for temporary starting heating stoves and gas boilers.

Supercharged

In pressurized burners, all air, both primary and secondary, is forced into the fuel combustion zone. The simplest supercharged microburner for benchtop soldering, jewelry and glass work can be made independently (see below), but the manufacture of a supercharged heating burner requires a solid production base. But it is the supercharged burners that allow you to realize all the possibilities of controlling the combustion mode; according to the terms of use they are divided into:

Single-mode;
Dual mode;
Modulated.

Combustion control

In single-mode burners, the fuel combustion mode is either determined once and for all by design (for example, in industrial burners for annealing furnaces), or is set manually, for which the burner must either be extinguished or the technological cycle with its use must be interrupted. Dual-mode burners usually operate at full or half power. The transition from mode to mode is carried out during work or use. Heating (winter - spring/autumn) or roofing burners are made with two modes.

In modulating burners, the supply of fuel and air is smoothly and continuously regulated by automation, working according to a set of critical initial parameters. For example, for a heating burner - according to the ratio of temperatures in the room, outside and coolant in the return. There is only one possible output parameter ( minimum consumption gas, highest flame temperature) or there may also be several of them, for example, when the flame temperature is at the upper limit, fuel consumption is minimized, and when it drops, the temperature is optimized for a given technical process.

Design examples

Understanding the designs of gas burners, we will take the path of increasing power, this will allow us to better understand the material. And from the very beginning we will get acquainted with such an important circumstance as supercharging.

Mini from a spray can

It is well known how a single-mode mini gas burner for tabletop operation, powered by a lighter refill can, works: these are 2 needles inserted into each other, pos. And in the figure:

Pressurization - from an aquarium compressor. Since without the resistance of the sprayer under water it gives a noticeably pulsating flow, you need a receiver made of 5 liters of eggplant. Soda is not produced in these, so the receiver plug will need to be additionally sealed with raw rubber, silicone or just plasticine. If you take a compressor for an aquarium with a capacity of 600 liters or more, and the fuel is 100% isobutane (such cans are more expensive than regular ones), you can get a flame of over 1500 degrees.

The stumbling blocks when repeating this design are, firstly, adjusting the gas supply. There are no problems with air - its supply is set by the standard compressor regulator. But adjusting the gas by bending the hose is very rough, and the regulator from the dropper quickly breaks down, since it is also disposable. Secondly, pairing the burner with the can - in order for its valve to open, you need to press on the filling fitting

The first thing that will help solve the problem is the node shown in pos. B; they make it from the same pair of needles. First, you need to select a piece of tube for the sleeve that fits onto the canister fitting with a little effort, and then, also with a little effort, push it into the needle cannula; it may need to be drilled out a bit. But the sleeve should not hang either on the fitting or in the cannula separately.

Then we make a clip for the canister with an adjusting screw (pos. B), insert the canister, put the regulator on the fitting according to pos. B, and tighten the screw until the required gas supply is obtained. The adjustment is very precise, literally microscopic.

Soldering torches

The easiest way to make a soldering torch is approx. by 0.5-1 kW, if you have any gas valve available: oxygen series VK, from an old autogen (the acetylene barrel is plugged), etc. One of the design options soldering torch based on the gas valve is shown in Fig.

Its peculiarity is the minimum number of turned parts, and even those can be selected ready-made, and quite wide possibilities for adjusting the flame by moving the nozzle 11. The material of parts 7-12 is quite heat-resistant steel; V in this case The relatively inexpensive St45 is suitable, because the flame temperature, due to the complete lack of profiling of the gas channel and ejector windows (which do not exist as such), will not exceed 800-900 degrees. Also, due to the fact that this burner is single-circuit, it is quite voracious.

Dual-circuit

A double-circuit gas burner for soldering is much more economical and allows you to get a flame of up to 1200-1300 degrees. Examples of structures of this kind powered by a 5 liter cylinder are shown in Fig.

Burner on the left – output approx. 1 kW, therefore it consists of only 3 parts, not counting the gas barrel and handle, so a separate valve for adjusting the flame is not required. If desired, you can make replaceable injector capsules for lower powers; Fuel consumption at low power will drop quite noticeably. The simplicity of the design in this case is achieved through the use of a scheme with incomplete separation of the air circuits: all the air is sucked in through the holes in the housing, but part of it is carried away by the burning gas jet through a hole with a diameter of 12 mm into the afterburner.

Incomplete separation of the air circuits does not allow reaching a power of more than 1.2-1.3 kW: Re in the combustion chamber jumps “above the roof”, which is why combustion begins with pops until it explodes, if you try to adjust the flame by applying gas. Therefore, without experience, it is better to set the injector in this burner to 0.3-0.4 mm.

A burner with complete separation of air circuits, the drawings of which are given on the right in the figure, develops power up to several kW. Therefore, its fittings require, in addition to the shut-off valve on the cylinder, a control valve. Together with a sliding primary ejector, it allows one to regulate the flame temperature within a fairly wide range, maintaining its minimum flow rate at a given power. In practice, having set the flame to the desired strength with the valve, move the primary ejector until a narrow blue jet (very hot) or a wide yellowish one (not so hot) comes out.

For forge and forge

The dual-circuit burner with complete separation of circuits is also suitable for forging work. For example, how to build a forge for the one just described in 10-15 minutes from scrap materials, see the video:

Video: gas forge in 10 minutes

A metalsmith's and forge's gas burner specifically for the forge can also be built according to a complete dual-circuit scheme, see next. video clip.

Video: DIY gas burner for the forge

And finally, a mini gas burner can also heat a small tabletop forge; how to make them together yourself, see:

Video: DIY mini-horn at home

For fine work

Here in Fig. Drawings of a gas burner with a built-in control valve for particularly precise and critical work are given. Its feature is a massive combustion chamber with cooling fins. Thanks to this, firstly, thermal deformation of burner parts is reduced. Secondly, random surges in gas and air supply have virtually no effect on the temperature in the combustion chamber. The resulting flame set for a long time stays very stable.

High temperature

Finally, let's consider a burner designed to produce a flame of the highest possible temperature - using 100% isobutane without pressurization, this burner produces a flame with a temperature of more than 1500 degrees - it cuts sheet steel, melts any jewelry alloys in a mini-crucible and softens any silicate glass, except quartz. A good injector for this burner is made from a needle from an insulin syringe.

Heating

If you are planning to once and for all transfer your old stove or boiler from wood-coal to gas, then you have no choice but to purchase a modulated pressurized burner, pos. 1 in Fig. Otherwise, any savings on homemade products will soon be eaten up by excessive fuel consumption.

In the case when heating requires a power of more than 12-15 kW and in addition there is a person ready and able to take on the duties of a stoker, regulating the gas supply according to the outside temperature, a cheaper option would be a double-circuit atmospheric burner for the boiler, the design diagram of which is given in pos. . 2. The so-called. Saratov burners, pos. 3; They are produced in a wide range of capacities and have been successfully used in heating engineering for a long time.

If you need to stay on the gas for some time, for example, until the end heating season, and then start reconstructing the heating system, or run, for example, a country or sauna stove on gas, then for this you can make a one-and-a-half-circuit gas burner for the stove with your own hands. A diagram of its structure and operation is given in pos. 4. An indispensable condition is a firebox heating device must be with a blower: if you let secondary air into the gap between the firebox mouth and the burner body, fuel consumption will increase significantly. A drawing of a one-and-a-half-circuit gas burner for a furnace with a power of up to 10-12 kW is given in pos. 5; The oblong openings for primary air intake must be located outside!

Roofing

A gas burner for roofing work with modern built-up materials (roofing lamp) must be dual-mode: at half power the underlying surface is heated, and at full power the coating is fused after unrolling the roll. Delay is unacceptable here, so you cannot waste time readjusting the burner (which is only possible after it has cooled down).

Installation of a roofing gas burner industrial production shown on the left in Fig. It is dual-circuit with incomplete separation of circuits. In this case, such a solution is acceptable, because the burner is running full power OK. 20% of the process cycle time and is operated outdoors by trained personnel.

The most complex component of a roofing lamp, which is unlikely to be repeated at home, is the power switching valve. However, it is possible to do without it at the cost of a slight increase in fuel consumption. If you are a master all-rounder and roofing work If you do it sporadically, the decrease in profitability due to this will not be noticeable.

Technically this decision implemented in a burner with connected pairs of air circuits, see on the right in Fig. The transition from mode to mode is carried out either by installing/removing the housing internal contours, or simply by moving the lamp in height, because The operating mode of such a burner strongly depends on the exhaust back pressure. To warm up the underlying surface, the lamp is moved away from it, then a powerful wide stream of not excessively hot gases will come out of the nozzle. And for surfacing, the lamp is brought closer: roofing material a wide “pancake” of flame will spread.

Finally

This article discusses only a few examples of gas burners. Total number their designs only for the “home” power range up to 15-20 kW number in the hundreds, if not thousands. But let’s hope that some of the ones described here will also be useful to you.

Both in everyday life and in professional repair portable gas burners are very popular. The scope of their application is very wide, and there are several varieties. You can choose the right burner for your current tasks and learn how to use it correctly by studying this article.

Main types of portable burners

Gas burners in the form of nozzles for cylinders with a collet connection must be considered as a separate class of tools. They are used in conditions of high fire safety at sites where heavy construction equipment is not operating and the risk of damage to the burner itself is minimal.

First of all, burners are characterized by temperature and flame shape. The simplest devices have a combustion temperature close to the minimum, only 700-1000 °C. Air enters the burner naturally, so it is always in short supply. At the same time, more expensive products have a special shape of air supply channels, due to this the air flow increases and the combustion temperature rises to 1200 °C.

Even hotter flames are produced by ejector-type burners, in which air flows to the hearth due to rarefaction, the flow force is directly proportional to the operating gas pressure. This allows you to raise the temperature to 1500-1600 °C and relatively smoothly regulate it along with the flame length by simply turning the tap. There may be several sources of combustion in the burner; such a tool is not intended for fine workmanship, but perfectly warms up large areas.

The highest combustion temperature for burners is 2000-2400 °C and is achieved through the concentration of injected air in the combustion zone and the use of a special gas: methyl acetylene propadiene (MAPP). A high-temperature cone is formed in the torch flame, comparable in power and temperature to gas-oxygen welding, but not capable of autogenous cutting.

Optionally for all types of burners it is possible to have a flexible or rotary tube, piezo ignition and a highly sensitive control valve. Over a large temperature range there is the same wide choose burners in terms of power and corresponding gas flow.

Tourist burners

Low temperature burners solve a truly wide range of problems and are suitable for domestic use and professional construction. These blowtorches are most often used to replace electric hair dryers in places where only autonomous operation is possible.

Main disadvantage burners without an injector - low flame stability, which is especially noticeable during sharp turns and tilts. The splashing of liquefied gas does not have a significant effect in burners of a more expensive class with a special gearbox and heating circuit.

As a rule, such torches are not used for soldering. Their main purpose is to ignite wood and coals or heat materials that can be used with an open flame. Such a tool is also indispensable for thawing pipes, heating car engines or unpacking tow strips, burning paint to remove it and other rough work.

Supercharged blowtorches

Ejector blowtorches have a more specific design and purpose. These are constant assistants of many designers and craftsmen in the processing of non-ferrous metals. Thanks to the high temperature and adjustable flame, the torches are ideal for soldering and hardening of metals or other heat treatment, which requires high temperature accuracy and a clearly defined cone.

Due to the specific application, the size of the burners and nozzles may vary greatly. Miniature ones are used for soldering jewelry and thin metal; despite the lack of pure oxygen supply, they can even cope with filigree work. Middle class burners have a cone thickness from 3 to 9 mm and the best way Suitable for electrical soldering of cable joints, copper and aluminum tubes.

Larger burners due to their high power rational use in industries such as artistic forging, precision bending or stamping of metal. These are the tools that home craftsmen use as the basis for homemade gas forges and hardening furnaces.

For ejector burners, the concept of an unstable flame is purely figurative, and although periodic flashes of gas are possible, the temperature in the core remains relatively stable. The gas preheating circuit is used more to improve the efficiency of the burners, to reach operating power faster and to accurately regulate the temperature.

High temperature gas burners

We cannot ignore burners that use MAPP gas instead of a propane-butane mixture. The flame combustion temperature in them is 2200-2400 °C, while the main energy is concentrated in a cone, which is quite stable and has a pronounced boundary.

Such burners are used for heating, forging and bending high-carbon steels and massive parts. Heat It also allows for better hardening and tempering of metal.

In terms of soldering and welding, MAPP gas torches do an excellent job of stainless steel, while even thin parts do not overheat. Another advantage of MAPP gas is its low boiling point, which makes it possible to use it at temperatures as low as -20 °C even in burners without a heating circuit.

Choosing the best option

When choosing a gas burner for various tasks, you should pay attention to certain nuances. For tourist purposes, the simplest torch burners without pressurization are well suited. Even cheap Chinese products can handle lighting a fire or heating food; you don’t mind breaking or losing them at all.

For household purposes and minor repairs, it is better not to purchase tools from the amateur series. Slightly more expensive semi-professional burners have a more thoughtful design and are devoid of such non-obvious shortcomings as, for example, melting of the plastic lining of the mouthpiece or malfunctioning piezo ignition. Another argument against the average price category— the almost universal absence of a normal control valve, which can be important even for rough work.

If the torch is selected for fine work, soldering or welding, additional attention should be paid to ergonomics and balancing. During such work, the burner has to be turned on and off frequently, so the shape of the body and the placement of the controls should allow ignition and precise adjustment with one hand.

When choosing power, you should be guided by the thickness and material of the parts being processed. A 500-700 W burner will be quite enough for burning paint or soldering copper wires. Tubes made of non-ferrous metals and steel products up to 3 mm thick will warm up well with a flame power of about 1200-1500 W. 2-3 kW burners are used for heating and bending reinforcement up to 14 mm thick. There is one more feature: the flame of powerful high-quality burners can be adjusted for more delicate work, but it will not be possible to heat a massive part with a low-power burner.

The temperature of the fire makes you see familiar things in a new light - a match flashing white, the blue glow of a burner gas stove in the kitchen, orange-red tongues above the flaming wood. A person does not pay attention to the fire until his fingertips are burned. Or it won't burn the potatoes in the frying pan. Or it won’t burn through the soles of sneakers drying over a fire.

When the first pain, fear and disappointment pass, the time for philosophical reflection comes. About nature, color scheme, fire temperature.

Burns like a match

Briefly about the structure of a match. It consists of a stick and a head. Sticks are made from wood, cardboard and cotton cord impregnated with paraffin. The wood chosen is soft species - poplar, pine, aspen. The raw material for sticks is called match straw. To avoid smoldering of the straws, the sticks are impregnated with phosphoric acid. Russian factories make straw from aspen.

The head of a match is simple in shape, but complex in its chemical composition. The dark brown match head contains seven components: oxidizing agents - Berthollet salt and potassium dichromate; glass dust, red lead, sulfur, zinc white.

The head of the match ignites when rubbed, heating up to one and a half thousand degrees. Ignition threshold, in degrees Celsius:

poplar - 468;
aspen - 612;
pine - 624.

The temperature of the fire of the match is Therefore, the white flash of the sulfur head is replaced by the yellow-orange tongue of the match.

If you look closely at a burning match, you will see three zones of flame. The bottom one is cool blue. The average is one and a half times warmer. The top is the hot zone.

Fire artist

When you hear the word “bonfire,” nostalgic memories flash no less brightly: the smoke of a fire, creating a trusting atmosphere; red and yellow lights flying towards the ultramarine sky; reeds change from blue to ruby red; crimson cooling coals in which “pioneer” potatoes are baked.

The changing color of a flaming tree indicates fluctuations in the temperature of the fire in the fire. Wood smoldering (darkening) begins at 150°. Fire (smoke) occurs in the range of 250-300°. With the same oxygen supply to the rock at different temperatures. Accordingly, the degree of fire will also be different. Birch burns at 800 degrees, alder at 522°, and ash and beech at 1040°.

But the color of the fire is also determined by the chemical composition of the burning substance. Yellow and orange contribute sodium salts. The chemical composition of cellulose contains both sodium and potassium salts, which give burning wood coals their red hue. Romantic fires in a wood fire arise due to a lack of oxygen, when instead of CO 2, CO is formed - carbon monoxide.

Enthusiasts scientific experiments measure the temperature of the fire in a fire with a device called a pyrometer. Three types of pyrometers are made: optical, radiation, spectral. These are non-contact devices that allow you to evaluate the power of thermal radiation.

Studying fire in our own kitchen

Kitchen gas stoves operate on two types of fuel:

Trunk natural gas methane.
Propane-butane liquefied mixture from cylinders and gas holders.

The chemical composition of the fuel determines the temperature of the fire gas stove. Methane, when burned, forms a fire with a power of 900 degrees at the top point.

Combustion of the liquefied mixture produces heat up to 1950°.

An attentive observer will note the uneven coloring of the burner reeds of a gas stove. Inside the fire torch there is a division into three zones:

Dark area located near the burner: there is no combustion here due to lack of oxygen, and the temperature of the zone is 350°.
A bright area lying in the center of the torch: the burning gas heats up to 700°, but the fuel does not burn completely due to a lack of oxidizer.
Translucent upper section: reaches a temperature of 900°, and gas combustion is complete.

The figures for the temperature zones of the fire torch are given for methane.

Safety rules for fire events

When lighting matches or a stove, take care of the ventilation of the room. Provide oxygen flow to the fuel.

Do not attempt to repair it yourself gas equipment. Gas does not tolerate amateurs.

Housewives note that the burners glow blue, but sometimes the fire turns orange. This is not a global temperature change. The color change is due to a change in fuel composition. Pure methane burns colorless and odorless. For safety reasons, sulfur is added to household gas, which, when burned, colors the gas blue and imparts a characteristic odor to the combustion products.

The appearance of orange and yellow shades in the fire of the burner indicates the need for preventive manipulations with the stove. Masters will clean the equipment, remove dust and soot, the combustion of which changes the usual color of the fire.

Sometimes the fire in the burner turns red. This is a signal of dangerous levels of carbon monoxide in the oxygen supply to the fuel is so small that the stove even goes out. Carbon monoxide without taste or smell, and a person near the source of the release of a harmful substance will notice too late that he has been poisoned. Therefore, the red color of the gas requires an immediate call to specialists for preventative maintenance and adjustment of the equipment.

The current generation of “left-handers” rarely uses a blowtorch, preferring an electric industrial hair dryer or a gas burner, which are much easier and safer to use. But even 40-50 years ago, a blowtorch was in almost every home workshop of a mechanic or car enthusiast, since it was the only tool capable of heating various materials to the desired temperature.

A blowtorch burns gasoline in a nozzle, producing a fairly large stream of open flame.

But it’s still not worth scrapping a blowtorch in our age of scientific and technological progress. For example, a gas burner severe frost It's almost impossible to ignite. The situation with an industrial hair dryer is no better: it requires a constant source of electricity to operate. And an old blowtorch doesn’t care about all these difficulties.

Read also:

- step-by-step instruction.

What is a jigsaw and how to use it -
The principle of combustion in a blowtorch

A blowtorch is a heating device that runs on liquid fuel. Its peculiarity is that in the working tool, the burner, the vapors of the fuel filled into the lamp burn, and not the fuel itself. Entering the burner at high speed, a stream of such vapors sucks in the air around the burner, thereby providing itself with a sufficient amount of oxygen.
Such self-sufficiency is very important, since complete combustion of 1 kg of hydrocarbon-based liquid fuel requires a certain amount of oxygen. In this case, complete combustion will be achieved, after which only carbon dioxide and water will remain from the fuel.

But if you simply ignite liquid fuel, such as gasoline, in an open container, it will not burn completely. This is indicated by the orange-red flame of such burning fires, moreover, with a fair amount of soot. But if air is artificially pumped into such a combustion center, the flame will change from orange-red to blue, with virtually no soot, and its temperature will increase significantly. The cause of these changes will be oxygen in the air.

It is the principle of artificially enriching the flame with air, borrowed from gas lamps (so-called horns), that forms the basis for the operation of a blowtorch. Moreover, this air supply is regulated spontaneously: fuel vapor enters the burner, and the greater the supply, the more powerful the jet will be and, accordingly, the more air it will draw into itself.

Sometimes it happens that the jet draws in too much air, and the oxygen does not have time to completely burn. In this case, the combustion temperature is noticeably reduced, since excess air passing through the burner cools it. However, this only happens when using low-quality fuel. When the burner is normally filled with fuel vapor, it is impossible to draw excess air into it for purely physical reasons.

Return to contents

Fuel for blowtorches

The versatility of a blowtorch is that it can work on almost any flammable liquid fuel: alcohol, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, oil. But this does not mean at all that you can pour anything into every blowtorch.

The fuel must be of high quality. In addition, you need to take into account that the wrong type of fuel will very quickly clog the injector with its fumes. Today, blowtorches come in three types:

kerosene;

gasoline;

alcohol

The principle of a blowtorch has been preserved in the operation of a gas burner, so some specialized sources also classify this device as a blowtorch, distinguishing it as a separate, fourth type.

Refilling a lamp with another type of fuel that does not correspond to its design is strictly prohibited by the safety instructions. And this rule must be strictly observed. After all, kerosene poured into a gasoline “soldering iron” will turn it into a tool like a flamethrower. Once in the burner, it will not have time to completely evaporate, therefore, it will not be the vapor that will burn, but the kerosene itself. Such a tool will not work normally.

It is even more dangerous to pour gasoline into a kerosene blowtorch. Gasoline evaporates much faster than kerosene, and its vapor pressure in the burner will be 6 times greater than the calculated one. If you try to ignite the vapors will explode, turning useful tool into a dangerous bomb. Therefore, if you use a kerosene blowtorch, you need to fill it only with pure kerosene, without any impurities, and without using mixtures of kerosene with gasoline or other fuel.

The same situation applies to a gasoline blowtorch. It needs to be filled only with pure gasoline. At the same time, the octane number of gasoline has practically no effect on the operation of the tool: neither on the speed of ignition, nor on the burning time, nor on the flame temperature. But when choosing a brand of gasoline, you should not forget that low-octane brands have much less various additives and impurities, so the injector will become much less dirty during operation.

Alcohol blowtorches have a small reservoir volume (only 200-300 ml), respectively, its combustion is very limited in time, so today craftsmen prefer to use gas burners instead.