Strengthening the ditch: what and how to strengthen it. How to properly strengthen the walls of a drainage ditch. Strengthening the ditch with which geogrid

To drain excess water from a country house or personal plot it is necessary to create drainage system. With its help, you can protect the territory from waterlogging and buildings from destruction. One of the components of such a system are ditches. They can have different sizes (depth, width and length), but in any case their walls must be strengthened. Otherwise, the water will turn the ditches into real ravines, which will reduce the usable area of the site. How to strengthen a ditch at the dacha? This is exactly what the article will discuss.

Methods of strengthening

Drainage systems have existed for a long time and people have learned to strengthen their walls. There are several ways to do this. They can be divided into two types:

using scrap materials and plants;
using structures and devices made in the factory.

The walls of the ditch are strengthened using improvised means with slate, car tires, stones, and also by planting plants. This method is suitable for small ditches or low slope angles.

Various biomats, gabions, geogrids and geogrids are used for slope angles of more than 8-15 degrees. Also, such devices are used when arranging large-width ditches.

Each strengthening method has its pros and cons. This will be discussed later.

Available means

One of the simplest and most easily accessible ways to strengthen walls drainage ditch- this is the use of slate. In this case, you can also use used material. The main thing is that it does not contain big holes and cracks.

The technology using slate is quite simple. Sheets (whole or cut, depending on the size of the ditch) are laid on the slopes of the ditch close to each other. This can be done either strictly vertically or at a slight slope. Then pieces of reinforcement or thin pipes are driven in on both sides of the sheets, in a checkerboard pattern.

This method has both its advantages and disadvantages. The first include the following:

small financial expenses, and if used materials are used, then you can do without investments at all;
ease of installation. All work can be done by one person.

The disadvantages of this design are its fragility. It may also be damaged appearance the site itself.

Strengthening slopes using old ones looks more aesthetically pleasing car tires. In addition, this method allows you to make a structure that will last much longer than the slate version (up to several decades).

Here you can resort to two methods, depending on the available space. One involves stacking tires along the edges of a ditch. Soil is poured inside, but sand is better or gravel. For greater reliability, you can drive in metal pipes.

If space allows, it is better to lay the tires offset. Each top row is laid halfway down the bottom row. The result is a kind of ladder. Soil is poured inside and plants can be planted. This creates a beautiful slope.

If the ditch is small and the slope angle is less than 8 degrees, then its walls can be strengthened with the help of plants. Small bushes or perennial herbs are planted along the edges. Their roots will reliably strengthen the walls and prevent water from washing them away and turning the ditch into a large ravine.

Special devices

For more reliable and durable strengthening of the walls of the drainage ditch, special structures and devices can be used. These include:

geo- and biomats;
geogrids;
geogrids;
gabions.

Geomats and biomats are made in the form of a polymer sponge. With help high temperature Several polymer meshes are soldered together. This structure is impermeable to water, but at the same time allows plant germination.

To install such structures, it is necessary to perform the following work:

The slope is being prepared. All debris is removed from its surface and leveled. Then it is advisable to compact the surface. This is especially important if the site has sandy soil.
The material is supplied in rolls, so installation begins from the top. The geomat (or biomat) is laid at the top of the slope, the edge is secured;
Then the roll is rolled out to the base of the ditch and the excess is cut off.
The next row is laid in the same way and overlaps with the one already laid. The tolerance can be up to 15 cm.
Now the entire surface is covered with a small layer of soil and seeds are added. perennial herbs(if there is a need or desire).

Another type of material for strengthening the slopes of ditches is geogrid. It is a network of polymer material with polyester base. The geogrid is cut into the required pieces and laid on a pre-prepared slope (the surface must be cleaned, level and compacted using a hand roller). The grids are laid close to each other and fastened with anchor brackets.

The mesh can be covered with a layer of soil on top and plants can be planted. Herbs such as mint, periwinkle and bryozoan work well for these purposes. These grasses will use their roots to firmly hold the covering in place.

Geogrids and gabions

More powerful structures for strengthening not only the slopes, but also the bottom of the ditch are geogrids. They are made from polypropylene and polyethylene. Such products are not afraid of corrosion, they are quite durable and can last for many decades.

Before installing them, it is necessary that the drainage ditch is dry. You also need to prepare anchor fasteners, a hammer, and fine gravel.

After draining the ditch, all debris (large branches, stones, etc.) and large vegetation are removed from the surface. In this case, small grass can be left in place. Then the geogrid is laid out. This must be done over the entire area of the canal; it is advisable to cut off the excess pieces immediately.

For long service life of the geogrid, it must be properly and securely fastened. This is done using anchor brackets or hooks. They can be purchased together with the grille or made with your own hands from reinforcing bars with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 50 to 110 cm. The fasteners are placed in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of at least 30 cm from each other.

The next step will be backfilling the geogrid. You can place sand at the bottom of the ditch (if it will rarely fill with water) or crushed stone (if drains will constantly flow in the ditch). On slopes it is better to use soil sown with grass. This way the grille will stay in place more securely.

A more expensive, but also more reliable, way to strengthen the slopes of a drainage ditch is to install gabions. In addition, such designs will look more aesthetically pleasing and respectable.

A gabion is a factory product made in the form of a parallelepiped (box). The material used is double twisted metal wire. Large stones or pebbles are placed in such “boxes”.

In the production of gabions they do not use simple wire. It has a polymer coating. This protection extends the service life of the product to 70 years. At the same time, the product is not afraid of aggressive environmental influences and can withstand heavy overloads.

Before installing the gabion, it is necessary to prepare the slope. Since the product is of considerable size, excess soil is removed. The gabion is placed in place and filled with large stones or crushed stone. For greater reliability, you can attach a chain-link mesh to the top; it is advisable to choose it also with a polymer coating. For improvement decorative look You can place stones or pebbles on top of the mesh.

If you have welding skills and the necessary equipment, then you can try making a gabion with your own hands. Pieces of reinforcement are suitable for this. They are welded together to make a lattice. For long service life, all parts can be coated with an anti-corrosion compound.

When strengthening the slopes of drainage ditches, do not forget about the base. Here you can use sand or crushed stone, depending on the frequency of filling with water. If the ditch is small and located in a visible place, then the bottom lined with natural stones will look beautiful. A particularly beautiful effect will be achieved in combination with gabions.

Video

Another interesting way to strengthen:

Ditch construction

Basic methods of strengthening

Use of slate and tires

Installation of geomats and geogrids

Advantages of gabion

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How to strengthen a ditch at the dacha? Options

A drainage ditch in a dacha is something that exists near almost every site. And it’s not uncommon for problems to arise with it, namely, its walls crumble, as a result of which it becomes, at least, not beautiful, not to mention how it copes with its function. And the function of a drainage ditch is to remove excess water generated during a flood or rainfall from the site and the buildings on it.

Before strengthening a ditch in a dacha, you need to make sure that its design corresponds to the task assigned to it; below we will consider what options for constructing a ditch can be.

Construction of a ditch at the dacha, options

Depending on the slope of your site and the volume of water that your ditch periodically has to accept, you need to choose the type of ditch that suits your needs. In addition, you can pay attention to how your neighbor’s ditch is arranged, whether he is satisfied with this solution, perhaps it would be better to make them the same and thereby ensure common system storm drainage near your sites. The picture below schematically shows the main types of ditch construction in a dacha and options for strengthening it.

An effective drainage system is not limited to just a ditch, it must consist of at least two independent networks

One of them - linear system sewerage, described in detail in this article. Typically, such a sewer system is built when the site is constantly flooded. The top point of such a sewer system is marked, depending on the slope of the site, and a network of channels is drawn from it; the channels themselves have a slope of at least 5 mm relative to the top point for each meter of the channel. Thus, all water from the site is collected in an open drainage system
The second is drainage around the house, described in detail here. For him, the top point will be the far corner of the building. The drainage network, arranged around the perimeter, is also made with a slope of the same 5-10 mm per meter, it is covered with turf or paving slabs

Let's consider additional requirements for trench systems. The trenches should be at least 50 centimeters wide and deep; it is advisable to make larger trenches near the foundation. In order to strengthen the bottom of the trenches of the systems, crushed stone, gravel or at least sand can be used; it is advisable to compact it. For trenches of the above drainage systems, strengthening the walls is not required, since they are still covered with earth or concrete trays are inserted into them, but for a ditch near the site this is necessary. We will look at ways to strengthen the walls of a ditch in a dacha below.

What methods exist for strengthening a ditch in a dacha?

The chosen method of strengthening the ditch depends on the slope of its walls. Depending on this angle, the following methods of strengthening are divided:

Strengthening ditch with improvised materials

The simplest and most affordable material for strengthening the walls of a ditch is slate. What it looks like finished

To build such a structure, we will need the slate sheets themselves, metal pipes or fittings, a sledgehammer to drive them in, of course, a shovel, and possibly a crowbar. And also a grinder for cutting slate sheets into the required identical pieces; it won’t hurt to wear a respirator; there will be a lot of dust when cutting. Cut slate sheets are placed directly into the ground to a depth of about 30 centimeters, and the sheets should fit tightly to each other. Pipes or fittings are needed to secure the positions of the slate sheets; they are driven in in a checkerboard pattern on both sides of the sheets.

Another material that is widely used by summer residents due to its availability is car tires. Old tires are laid in rows and fastened together with bolts or ties, the voids inside the tires are filled with soil or sand and gravel, and to give even greater strength to this structure, metal rods are hammered into the middle.

Another option with tires involves laying them not in rows, but in the form of a ladder. Every new row fits on the previous one with a shift of half the diameter of the tire. When such a staircase is laid, it is also covered with soil or sand and gravel.

Geomats and geogrids

First, let's figure out what geomats, biomats and geogrids are. So, geomats and biomats are polymers with a waterproof structure; they are made from polypropylene lattices superimposed on each other under high temperature. This structure allows plants to penetrate through them, but at the same time it remains waterproof. Let's look at an approximate scheme for laying geomats on a slope:

Geogrid is polymer mesh with a square cell, usually on a polyester base. An approximate layout of its installation:

Rigid geogrid for ditch reinforcement

Geogrid is a stronger and more durable solution than all those described above; geogrid is made from polyethylene and polypropylene, this material is not subject to corrosion and can last a very long time for a long time. Geogrid is used in very deep ditches, almost ravines.

Let's consider an approximate scheme for strengthening a ditch slope with a geogrid:

1. Slope preparation, similar to geomats and geogrids

2. It is necessary to stretch the geogrid along the entire slope of the ditch and, if necessary, cut off the excess

3. The geogrid is secured to the ground with anchor rods, the thickness of which is 1.5 cm. and a length of 50 cm or more, it is necessary to install fasteners over the entire surface of the geogrid in a checkerboard pattern in increments of about 30 cm.

4. The geogrid cells are filled with either crushed stone, if the ditch is often filled with water, or sand, if it is dry most of the time. Just like the previous options, it is possible to sprinkle with soil and plant ground cover plants.

Strengthening the ditch with gabion

This is the most durable and strong, but expensive material for strengthening the walls of ditches and not only; factory products can be of almost any shape. Essentially this metal grill filled with stones made of galvanized wire with PVC coated for additional protection against corrosion. By the way, gabion is translated from French as a basket with stones.

Using gabion as a ditch strengthening material is a very expensive pleasure, therefore in this case We will not provide a diagram of its installation. With a factory gabion, it is advisable to order its installation on site from specialists; as a rule, such companies work this way. But the result is pleasing to the eye; if aesthetics and high-quality performance are important in this matter, despite the relatively high price, then this will be the best choice. In addition, manufacturers guarantee 70 years of service for such structures.

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how to strengthen walls in different ways

Each garden plot has a drainage ditch. Although it drains unnecessary water, over time the slopes of the ditch itself may slide down or crumble. Therefore, land owners are faced with the task of strengthening the slopes (walls) of the ditch. There are several ways to solve this problem, ranging from the most budgetary to the more expensive, but quality options strengthening the walls. How to stop the slopes from sliding?

If you have swampy or waterlogged soil on your site, you need to install a drainage system to remove excess moisture from the ground.

How to strengthen slopes with slate

The simplest and cheapest way to fix ditch walls is to place sheets of corrugated or flat slate.

It is better to fasten slate sheets using metal posts.

To work, you will need reinforcement rods or metal tubes 1 m long, slate sheets, a shovel, a crowbar, an angle grinder, and a respirator (to protect against slate dust when cutting sheets).

First, use a grinder to cut the slate sheets into pieces of the same size. Then, using a shovel, install them straight or at an angle, taking into account the angle of inclination of the ditch walls, into the ground to a depth of about 25-30 cm. Flat sheets are installed close to each other, and wavy sheets are installed overlapping. Next, you need to drive metal posts or reinforcing bars into the soil to a depth of about half a meter to secure the slate on both sides. You can place the pillars at a distance equal to the length of the slate sheet on the front side, and at the same distance on the back side, so that the posts or rods are staggered. It is advisable to coat the fastening with an anti-corrosion compound or paint.

Slate reinforcement of slopes has a short service life, and it looks too simple and not very attractive, however, despite the shortcomings, it allows you to strengthen the walls of the ditch for several years, and in the future it can be replaced with better material.

Strengthening ditch slopes with biomats or geogrid

There are more expensive, but better methods for strengthening ditch slopes. These are biomats or geomats, geogrids, gabions and geogrids. To choose the most suitable method for a drainage ditch, you need to pay attention to the angle of inclination of its wall. If the slope has an angle of inclination from 8 to 15 degrees, you can strengthen it with geogrids. And if the slope is more than 15 degrees, it is reinforced with geogrids and gabions. Now about each of these materials.

Geomats or biomats consist of a polymer material with a waterproof structure. When creating this product, polypropylene gratings are superimposed on each other under the influence of high temperatures. As a result, the structure of the finished material is very similar to the structure of a washcloth. Plants can grow through the holes of the material, the roots of which intertwine with the polypropylene gratings and further strengthen their structure. Thus, geomats prevent the soil from sliding down.

To lay biomats on slopes, you will need rolls of material, long anchor bolts with a hook at the end for fastening, a hammer, seeds of ground cover plants, and a rake.

You should proceed as follows. First you need to clear the surface of the ditch slope from debris and level it. Next, take a roll of biomat and secure its upper edge at the top of the ditch using anchor bolts. The roll should be gradually rolled out to the bottom edge of the ditch, a piece of the required length should be cut, the folds carefully straightened along the entire length of the material and the lower part of the biomat should be secured with anchors. The next roll of the same length must be laid with a 15-centimeter overlap on the first and secured in the same way. The surface of the biomats should be covered with a 4-centimeter layer of soil, leveled with a rake and sown with plant seeds. Seed consumption is 40 g/sq.m.

Anchors are used to secure the mesh on a slope. metal rods 15-20 cm long at a distance of 0.7-1 m from each other.

Geogrid is a product made of polyester or glass threads in the form of a mesh with square cells. Available in rolls. To work, you will need the geogrid itself, a ruler or tape measure, a marker, scissors, anchor rods or metal brackets, a hammer, a hand roller, ground cover seeds, a rake, soil or crushed stone.

To reinforce the surface of the ditch slope, it is leveled and compacted with a hand roller. Then measure the length of one row of geogrid on a roll and cut it into the required pieces. Rolls must be laid on slopes close to each other. The mesh is secured to the slope with metal anchor rods 15-20 cm long at a distance of 0.7-1 m from each other. In addition to anchors, metal brackets P-about can be used to fasten the mesh different shapes made of wire. They will hold the mesh especially well on ditch walls exposed to strong winds. The geogrid fixed to the walls can be covered with a layer of soil and ground cover plants (mint, bryozoan, saxifrage or periwinkle) can be planted on it. Instead of soil, the mesh is filled with small pebbles or crushed stone.

How to Strengthen Geogrid on Ditch Walls

Geogrid is a high-strength mesh made of polypropylene and polyethylene. It perfectly strengthens the walls of ditches, thanks to the adhesion of the honeycomb cells to plant soil or crushed stone, with which this mesh is filled after installation on the slopes. Geogrid cells can be stretched in length or width. To install geogrids you will need following materials and tools: rolled geogrid, anchor fasteners (L-shaped anchors 50-80 cm long), scissors, hammer, sand or fine gravel, crushed stone, pump for pumping out water.

The geogrid must be strengthened on the slopes of a dry ditch. If the ditch is filled with water, you will need to pump the water out with a pump or scoop out the liquid manually if there is only a small amount. The drained or dry ditch is cleared of branches, large stones and plants, and the surface of the walls is leveled. The grate should be spread along the length of the ditch wall, carefully unwinding the roll and cutting off pieces of material of the required length with scissors. The geogrid is attached to the slope using reinforcement 1.5 cm thick and 50-110 cm long, bent with a hook. The fasteners should be placed at a distance of 30 cm from each other in a checkerboard pattern.

Then the geogrid cells must be filled with material that will strengthen it even more on the slopes of the ditch. If the ditch is dry, it is better to fill the cells with sand or gravel. If the moat fills with water, crushed stone is a better choice for the cells. To decorate the ditch, its slopes can be planted with ground cover plants.

What is a gabion and how to make it yourself

The most reliable, but expensive strengthening of the ditch banks is the gabion. This is a factory product in the form of a parallelepiped made of metal mesh double torsion, which during installation is filled with crushed stone or large stones. The metal wire for the mesh is galvanized and has a PVC coating, thanks to which it protects the material from corrosion and mechanical stress. Gabion cages are installed along the banks of the ditch. These products are very durable and can last more than 70 years, but they are expensive. Therefore, many owners make gabions with their own hands.

To make gabions, you will need reinforcement rods with a diameter of 6 mm, electric welding and electrodes, a ruler or tape measure, a marker, an angle grinder, a chain-link mesh and cobblestones, as well as shovels and a wheelbarrow for transporting earth. First you will need to figure out the dimensions of the future gabion. For small areas, structures with dimensions of 80x40x40 cm are suitable. To weld the cells, you will need to install the internal rods at a certain distance from each other. Therefore, it is better to purchase stones in advance to see their sizes. Next, weld the reinforcing bars so that the stones do not fly out through them.

You will then need to widen the banks of the ditch with a shovel to place the cages along them. Gabions are installed along the slopes of the ditch in several rows high. Each cell is filled with cobblestones. The top of the gabions is covered with a chain-link mesh for greater reliability. A regular mesh can be replaced every few years, as it is susceptible to corrosion. But it is better to buy a galvanized chain-link with PVC coating, which will serve for a long time. The upper edges of the chain-link can be additionally reinforced with cobblestones.

Thanks to slate, mesh, gratings and gabions, you can different ways make the banks of the drainage ditch sufficiently stable and motionless. Let the owners decide which method to choose, but in any case, each method is effective and allows the walls of the ditch not to move apart. It’s just that in some cases the slopes will be fixed in a certain position for several years (with slate fasteners) and up to 100 years when gabions are used as wall fortifications.

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How to strengthen a ditch in a country house - strengthening the walls of the ditch

How to strengthen a ditch at the dacha

Many summer residents face this problem when arranging their territory. Availability groundwater, the swampy soil is led to the creation of a drainage system. Moreover, flooding of the site occurs for other reasons. Stormy rains or heavy melting of snow in the spring lead to flooding of the house, basement or other utility rooms.

But before you strengthen the ditch in your dacha, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with its structure and choose the most suitable one. suitable option wall fastenings.

Ditch construction

Creating an effective drainage system requires the presence of at least two independent networks.

Linear is designed to drain the area itself. Usually it is erected when constant flooding occurs. Branches should be spread from the top topographic point closed ditches, while ensuring a slope of 5–10 mm per meter. All water goes into the open drainage system.
A second independent network must protect the foundation and basements Houses. Here the reference point is the far corner of the building. The drainage ditch along the perimeter should also have a slight drop in level of 0.5 percent. To cover it, use turf or concrete paving slabs.
Any trench in this system must be at least 50 cm deep and wide. Near the foundation this figure may be higher. To construct drains, a simple method is used: fascines (these are bundles of twigs and branches) or wooden boxes.
To strengthen the bottom, gravel, crushed stone or simply sand of different fractions are often used. But at the same time, the walls of the ditch periodically settle and crumble. Today there are several effective ways that will allow you to avoid this.

Basic methods of strengthening

Before you choose reliable way, it is worth carefully measuring the angle of inclination of the ditch walls.

If the slope angle does not exceed 8%, then it will be quite enough to strengthen it with the help of various plants.
Biomats or geogrids are used at a steepness of 8 to 15%.
If the angle exceeds 15%, then you cannot do without geogrids and gabions. True, at shallow depths, you can simply use stones and drive them into the slope.

Use of slate and tires

One of the easiest ways to strengthen the wall of a ditch can be ordinary slate.

In addition to sheets, you will need metal pipes or fittings, a shovel and a crowbar, as well as an angle grinder and a respirator.
Using a grinder, the sheets are cut into equal pieces. They are placed directly into the ground to a depth of 25–30 cm straight or with a slight slope. The sheets should fit snugly against each other.
Reinforcing bars are driven in on both sides in a checkerboard pattern. It is best if they are treated with an anti-corrosion compound or paint beforehand.
Western builders have come up with another one inexpensive way strengthening with car tires. Old tires can be laid in rows and secured together. The stakes hammered into the middle will give additional strength. The space inside can be filled with soil, but it is better to use sand or fine gravel. It is also useful for voids between tires.
There is another way. Tires can be stacked in several rows. In this case, each overlying one shifts by half the diameter. Then the tires are also covered. Using tires is very cheap, especially if you can get them for free or for next to nothing.

Of course, you can’t count on a too long service life, so it’s worth taking a closer look at more expensive but reliable materials.

Installation of geomats and geogrids

Geo- and biomats are nothing more than polymers with a waterproof structure. Polypropylene gratings are superimposed on each other under the influence of high temperature. This structure is more reminiscent of a sponge, but this is done so that various plants can grow through the holes.

The first step is to prepare the slope itself. It is necessary not only to level it, but also to clear it of any debris.
Geomats are sold in rolls, so the top edge is aligned with the top of the ditch and secured there anchor bolts.
The roll is rolled out to the bottom, and then cut and secured with anchors.
The next roll should overlap with a tolerance of about 15 cm.
Then you will need to cover everything with a small layer of soil and use the seeds for sowing. Usually 40 grams per m² is enough.
Geogrid is also available in rolls. It has a polyester base and square cells. For installation you will need a tape measure, a marker, scissors, a hammer, as well as a rake and a hand roller.
It is with the help of a roller that the slope surfaces are well compacted and leveled.

Each roll must be cut into a certain number of pieces, and then laid tightly on the slope directly next to each other. For fastening, metal anchor rods or staples are used. They are especially needed in places where there is a high probability of strong winds.
The geogrid is also covered with a layer of soil and plants such as periwinkle, mint or bryozoan are planted. True, you can simply use small crushed stones or pebbles.

But for stronger strengthening, the use of geogrid will be required.

Its basis is polypropylene and polyethylene. This alone suggests that this is a very highly durable and durable product. In addition, the geogrid is not afraid of corrosion and can last for many years.

Since geogrid cells can be stretched both in length and width, they adhere tightly to the soil or crushed stone. In addition to the rolls, you will need anchors, scissors, a hammer, as well as fine gravel and sand. A pump may be needed.
Installation work can only be carried out when the drainage ditch is not filled with water and all slopes are completely dry. Therefore, you will have to not only pump out the water, but also prepare the surface. It is necessary to remove all debris, large stones and branches. In this case, small grass can be left untouched.
The geogrid is spread along the entire length of the ditch. In this case, the unnecessary piece must be cut off immediately.

The most important stage is considered correct fastening. After all, then the service life will be at least twenty years. You can buy fasteners or make them yourself. To do this, use hooks from ordinary reinforcement. The thickness should be 1.5 cm, and the length should be 50–110 cm. Such hooks are placed at a distance of 30 cm from each other in a checkerboard pattern.
All that remains is to secure all the cells well. Sand is suitable for a dry ditch. If it is often filled with water, then it is better to use crushed stone or river pebbles. It is even better if the slopes are sown with ground cover plants. Over time, this will create even greater adhesion to the geogrid.

The most expensive, but the most a good decision can be strengthening the slopes of the ditch with the help of gabion.

Advantages of gabion

This factory product is a product made in the form of a parallelepiped from a double-torsion metal mesh and filled with large stone or crushed stone.

To make the gabion, the factory uses special galvanized wire, which also has a PVC coating. It is this that reliably protects this structure from corrosion, aggressive chemical environments and mechanical damage. Even heavy loads are not scary. The average service life can be more than 70 years. But this affects the cost.
Therefore, it is possible to make a gabion on our own. To do this, you will need reinforcement rods with a diameter of 6 mm, as well as electric welding. In addition, you need to stock up on a tape measure, a marker, an angle grinder, a chain-link mesh, a shovel and a wheelbarrow. Cobblestones will also be required.
The design with dimensions 80×40×80 cm is suitable for small area. Reinforcing bars are welded together to form a structure rectangular shape. The width of the cells will depend on the diameter of the selected stones.

Using a shovel, it is necessary to prepare and widen the slopes of the ditch. Only then can cages be placed along the entire shore.
Each cell is filled with large cobblestones and, if necessary, several rows are installed at once.
A chain-link mesh is attached on top for better fastening. To avoid the need to change it frequently, it is better to choose a mesh that also has a PVC coating. It can be easily reinforced from above with cobblestones. In addition, this gives the entire structure a good decorative look.

Gabions can last the longest, while they fit well into the ecosystem. Manufacturers guarantee at least one hundred years of service.

Arrangement of the drainage system

Before you start strengthening the walls of the ditch, you need to properly equip the drainage system itself.

In addition to creating the desired slope, you need to correctly make the bottom of the trench. For this, sand and fine gravel are used. With their help, the necessary pillow for drainage pipe.

It is protected by a volumetric crushed stone filter, as well as geotextiles, which protect against the ingress of excess debris and soil.

Most often, ceramic or perforated asbestos-cement pipes are used for drainage. But in Lately Plastic gutters also began to be used.

Note! Do not forget about the drainage well, where excess water will drain. After all, a ditch that constantly contains water begins to collapse the fastest.

Modern materials will allow all the walls of the ditch to be well strengthened, and then the threat of flooding will be reduced to almost zero.

Latest edition: 22.05.2015

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The best ways to strengthen the slopes at your dacha

Dacha plots can be of the most intricate shape, not only in terms of their borders, but also in terms of topography. Often, these are not just flat areas on which you can build houses and plant plants, but also not particularly convenient ones, with hills, slopes and even serious cliffs.

If we talk about the standard six hundred square meters within the boundaries of the cooperative, then practically no such problems arise, but if the dacha is located outside the city, then it is often built near a forest or river. But here the terrain can change very much. That is why DachaDecor.ru today talks about the topic of slopes and slopes that need to be strengthened.

Why strengthen slopes and slopes?

Many people have avoided this task for years, and nothing... that’s what those who are used to living in the classic dacha mode will say - coming here in the summer to plant potatoes, and leaving in the fall with the harvest, until spring. Well, we are a little different, and our dacha should not only be productive, but also very attractive. And also convenient, safe and extremely practical. This means that everything that we build, create and even plant should be useful for many years. And sometimes this requires additional care.

Strengthening slopes, slopes and banks is one of these concerns, especially for summer residents who own areas with difficult terrain. Here, there may be slides of soil, slides from the top point and directly into the yard or garden, erosion of the bank and washing out of the same lawn, melting of snow into a mud pile during the spring melt, and breakdown of plants. These are just a couple of reasons that already draw attention to the complexity of the problem. But it also happens that not only does a snow cap fall from a steep hill at a dacha, bringing with it a little dirt and roots, but also multi-ton, extremely dangerous landslides that we would like to prevent.

It is clear that such precedents take place in mountainous areas, or in areas of forested areas and even former construction sites, where there are hills, ravines, pits and other non-standards that lead away from a simple and flat topography. But at our dachas there are also places that should be treated with caution. Therefore, let's study methods that will help qualitatively strengthen the slopes with our own hands.

How to strengthen a small slope with plants

If the slope does not exceed 8-10%, it is most advisable to strengthen it with plants with a strong root system. Thanks to the planting of grasses, cereals, shrubs and small trees, living soil reinforcement is created inside the soil, which prevents landslides and unauthorized distortion of the relief.

In this regard, you should not remove plants on slopes, if there are any in your dacha. At first, after uprooting, changes may be observed, as you will disrupt the soil bond. But problems may arise in the future, when a lack of plants gives problem areas the opportunity to quickly deteriorate.

Strengthening with biomats

Plants can also be used to secure slopes up to 45%, but there are much more risks here. They exist because plants take a long time to form a root system, which must reinforce the soil. Atmospheric factors also work here - the presence of precipitation, wind, humidity associated with bodies of water located nearby or on the slope itself, as well as the groundwater level and even tremors.

Biomats are laid on the surface of the cleaned slope and evenly fixed. Next, seeds of various plants are sown over the entire area of the material, which in the near future should create a single layer with the biomats. These can be not only special flowers and herbs, but also plants for landscape design of your dacha area that you yourself have chosen.

Fixation with geotextiles

Geotextile is a dense material based on polyester or polypropylene fibers. It is artificial, but great for the most various works, as it is quite durable and water permeable.

Thanks to geotextiles, it is possible to strengthen slopes of 173% or 60°. Geotextiles are laid out along the slope and subsequently reinforced with special anchors. After final installation and fixation, you can always plant plants on top of the material, or decorate the slope with stone, gravel, or tiles.

Strengthening with geomats

Another way to make a high-quality and reliable slope is the use of geomats. This material, which consists of several layers of polypropylene gratings, even somewhat resembles a washcloth.

But positive side The fact is that, along with high strength, geomats are also permeable to air, water and plant roots. That is, laying geomats on a slope will allow not only to qualitatively strengthen it, but also, as in previous cases, to plant everything on top of the material necessary plants, which will soon create a uniform and fairly dense layer.

An additional advantage of the material is the ability to use it on slopes up to 70°.

Application of geogrid

The geogrid allows you to work with exactly the same angle. It is a material made of polyester or glass, which is quite easy to work with.

Geogrid will help to quickly compact upper layer soil, which is most susceptible to landslides and various types of destruction, as well as decorating it after the main work.

The geogrid is laid in the following way: initially, the material itself is laid on a more or less prepared surface. Next, soil, sand or even crushed stone is poured into the geogrid cells. But it is most correct to put them in cells fertile soil, where you can immediately plant the plants. This will make it possible to obtain the highest degree of strength of the slope strengthening in just a few months.

Application of geogrid

Experts say that geogrid is more reliable in use than geogrid. This material is a cellular frame that stretches over the surface. After laying on a slope, the geogrid can be fixed in different ways, but the most popular is fixation with fillers. What’s interesting is that almost anything can be used – soil, sand, pebbles, crushed stone.

Further landscaping is also possible, but, as you understand, this is possible with the use of almost any material to strengthen slopes and slopes.

Gabions on a summer cottage (video)

We strengthen the slopes with gabions

On this topic We have already talked to you, and also studied gabions in detail in other articles. We never tire of being amazed at the possibilities of simple metal structures, filled various materials inside. They are assembled quite simply, and can even be made independently in a summer cottage.

Regardless of the slope, gabion structures become reliable reinforcements. Only the initial state plays a role problem area, as well as its height. The larger it is, the more difficult the task ahead, but if we are not talking about mountains, but a simple dacha terrain, then any problem is reduced to nothing by gabion structures.

You can install gabions vertically or lay them at the desired angle. But it is worth remembering that they have sufficient weight not only to restrain collapsing plumbs, but also to independently slide along the surface at an angle. Therefore, it is worth reliably strengthening each structure, creating a support in the form of a foundation under the lowest one.

Slopes and retaining walls

We will not dwell on this section for long, since an interesting thematic article has already been written on the topic. Let us only point out the fact that retaining walls are an excellent choice for a summer resident who has decided to combine “repairing” the soil with decorating the site. It is also worth adding that they should only be used for slopes of low height, with low soil pressure.

Other options for strengthening slopes, slopes and banks

Often the situation itself dictates to us the choice of materials for work and the solution to the problem. The reasons may be money, time, available materials, the condition of the site, its height, distance from buildings, bodies of water, or the need to combine difficult work and decor. Therefore, it is necessary to have many options at hand, by assessing the features of which it will be possible to determine the most suitable one:

If your dacha has a difficult terrain area, its boundaries can be strictly defined by trees. For several years they root system"will tie" solid foundation, thanks to which the slope will remain in the state we need for a long time. But remember that fixing with biomats while planting trees will provide a good safety net;
Strengthening the required slopes can also be done with the help of logs that are dug to the required depth. Each individual case requires accurate calculations, and therefore we are not ready to state the values for the installation depth and diameter of the log... it’s just one of the good ways;
It is also convenient to make a sloping slope in the form of steps by installing the same gabions or retaining walls sequentially, for example, along the slope every few meters. This way you will secure the area and install an original shaped design at your dacha;
Partial fastening with geomaterials is also possible, which are selected depending on the angle of the slope. Small trenches are dug under them, and geomaterial is placed at the bottom. Next, the trench is filled up, and the edge of the material leaves the ground and goes upward, as if hugging all the soil laid in the trench. At a distance of several meters from the trench, that is, above it, the edge is pinned. After just a year, you get a dense layer that is reliable due to the reinforcement with the same mesh and plant roots.

There are many more methods, but today we have described the most popular and used ones. Therefore, take them into service.

Such work with relief is considered complex and therefore requires a serious approach. We recommend drawing up a work plan in advance and maintaining accurate calculations, making sure to select only high-quality and appropriate materials for the soil strengthening process.

Before strengthening a ditch in a dacha, you need to make sure that its design corresponds to the task assigned to it; below we will consider what options for constructing a ditch can be.

Construction of a ditch at the dacha, options

Depending on the slope of your site and the volume of water that your ditch periodically has to accept, you need to choose the type of ditch that suits your needs. In addition, you can pay attention to how your neighbor’s ditch is designed, whether he is satisfied with this solution; perhaps it would be better to make them the same and thereby provide a common storm drainage system near your plots. The picture below schematically shows the main types of ditch construction in a dacha and options for strengthening it.

An effective drainage system is not limited to just a ditch, it must consist of at least two independent networks

One of them is a linear sewer system, described in detail in this article. Typically, such a sewer system is built when the site is constantly flooded. The top point of such a sewer system is marked, depending on the slope of the site, and a network of channels is drawn from it; the channels themselves have a slope of at least 5 mm relative to the top point for each meter of the channel. Thus, all water from the site is collected in an open drainage system
The second is drainage around the house, described in detail here. For him, the top point will be the far corner of the building. The drainage network, arranged around the perimeter, is also made with a slope of the same 5-10 mm per meter, it is covered with turf or paving slabs

What methods exist for strengthening a ditch in a dacha?

The chosen method of strengthening the ditch depends on the slope of its walls. Depending on this angle, the following methods of strengthening are divided:

Strengthening ditch with improvised materials

The simplest and most affordable material for strengthening the walls of a ditch is slate. What it looks like finished

Another option with tires involves laying them not in rows, but in the form of a ladder. Each new row is laid on the previous one with a shift of half the diameter of the tire. When such a staircase is laid, it is also covered with soil or sand and gravel.

Geomats and geogrids

Geogrid is a polymer mesh with a square cell, usually on a polyester base. An approximate layout of its installation:

Rigid geogrid for ditch reinforcement

Geogrid is a stronger and more durable solution than all those described above, geogrid is made from polyethylene and polypropylene, this material is not susceptible to corrosion and can last a very long time. Geogrid is used in very deep ditches, almost ravines.

Let's consider an approximate scheme for strengthening a ditch slope with a geogrid:

1. Slope preparation, similar to geomats and geogrids

2. It is necessary to stretch the geogrid along the entire slope of the ditch and, if necessary, cut off the excess

Strengthening the ditch with gabion

This is the most durable and strong, but expensive material for strengthening the walls of ditches and not only; factory products can be of almost any shape. Essentially, this is a metal grid filled with stones made of galvanized wire with PVC coating for additional protection against corrosion. By the way, gabion is translated from French as a basket with stones.

Using gabion as a material for strengthening a ditch is a very expensive proposition, so in this case we will not provide a diagram of its installation. With a factory gabion, it is advisable to order its installation on site from specialists; as a rule, such companies work this way. But the result is pleasing to the eye; if aesthetics and high-quality performance are important in this matter, despite the relatively high price, then this will be the best choice. In addition, manufacturers guarantee 70 years of service for such structures.

The problem of how to strengthen the ditch on summer cottage, often occurs when creating a drainage system that allows for proper drainage excess moisture from the soil. To solve this issue, both improvised means and specialized materials are used.. Knowing the rules and the sequence of their application will ensure the normal functioning of this required element water system.

Gabion structures are highly durable and reliable.

Setting up drainage is quite simple. The main difficulties begin with its long-term use: the ditch requires constant cleaning, otherwise the water will stagnate for a long time. Strengthening the walls also becomes very important, since if you ignore their care, the ditch very quickly erodes, taking over the adjacent dacha areas of fertile land.

Gabions. This engineering structure is used in particularly difficult cases with high water flow rates in the ditch or with a large, even vertical, angle of inclination of the drainage walls. Gabions can often be seen on the banks of mountain rivers, where they protect the banks from erosion. Gabions look like a cage made of cellular wire mesh filled with large stones: river pebbles, crushed stone, etc.

Purpose of drainage ditches

Slate can serve as a material at hand to strengthen the ditch.

The system of drainage ditches at a summer cottage performs a very important function - draining excess groundwater and lowering its level. This allows you to reduce soil swampiness and avoid flooding, especially in low areas of the territory.

Ditches can be of different shapes, differ in width and angle of inclination of the walls. If the drainage runs through neutral territory along your fence, then it is especially important to strengthen its walls, because soil weakened by water can begin to collapse, expanding the drainage, which will undermine the foundation of the fence.

Drainage ditches are used not only to lower the water level in the soil, but also to remove moisture from areas surrounding the foundation of the house. Thanks to this solution, the basement will not be flooded with water.

Geomats and geogrids are designed to strengthen a slope by creating and holding a plant layer on its surface. These materials have a porous structure that allows plants to develop freely. Unlike open soil, porous protective materials create an inextricable layer with plants that is not washed away by water.

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Methods for strengthening ditches

There are many ways to strengthen the walls of a drainage ditch, but they are all used with one common goal - to prevent further increase in the width of the sides and siltation of the bottom. Let's take a closer look at the most popular methods of achieving this goal:

Use of geogrid. It is a flexible cellular structure made of polymer material. The walls of the cells have holes to ensure free flow of water. Geogrid is the most technologically advanced and correct method strengthening ditches, as it has high reliability and complete environmental safety.
The main purpose of the geogrid is to create a layer through which groundwater will move freely from the source of its accumulation (in this case, the soil) to the place of discharge - the reservoir, drainage well or other ditch.
Installation of concrete gutters. An effective, but rather expensive method, especially if the length of the ditch is significant. Concrete trays make it easy to clean the drainage. Such a drain can be made quite narrow and deep, thereby preserving the area of the site. Concrete trays can be purchased ready-made or made yourself using formwork. The latter method is even preferable, as it will make it possible to make a solid tray, without seams or joints into which water can get in.
Planting. This method does not always help, only if the slope of the ditch walls is no more than 8-10°.
Use of available materials: old slate, car tires or other materials. Due to the fact that the main purpose of these materials is not to protect the slopes of the ditch, count on them long term there is no service. They can only be considered as a temporary solution.
A small and shallow drainage ditch can be lined with flat river pebbles, secured together cement mortar, but this method is only suitable for drainage with a small amount of water.

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How is ditch protection installed?

From correct sequence actions during strengthening of drainage walls depend on their service life, stability and reliability. First of all, you should choose a method for strengthening the drainage walls. It is recommended to use professional modern means: geogrid, geomats and geogrids, in particularly difficult conditions - gabions.

Regardless of the chosen method, you should start working only with a dry ditch, so work is carried out during the period of minimum groundwater levels. Let us consider in detail the installation sequence of some of the materials listed above.

The geogrid is installed on a surface cleared of debris, large stones and branches. Perfect option- a flat slope that may be slightly overgrown with grass. Along the upper edge of the drainage, pieces of reinforcement 50-60 cm long are driven into the ground, and the distance between them should correspond to the size of the grid cells. The upper end of the reinforcement is bent at an angle of 90°, thus creating an L-shaped fastener.

The mesh is put on fasteners and stretched in the direction of the opposite side, securing in the same way. After the lattice has taken a stable position, fastenings are made in separate cells using pieces of reinforcement or anchors. It is not necessary to install fasteners in each segment; it will be enough to distribute them evenly in a checkerboard pattern.

The final stage is filling the cells with fine crushed stone, gravel or sand. The size of the material depends on the speed of water movement - the higher it is, the larger the filler should be.

Geomats and geogrids are also roll material, which cover the drainage slopes. Under these materials you can install a non-woven insulating material, which will freely allow water to pass through, but will not allow the soil layer to erode. A geomat or geogrid is laid on top of it. Their upper edge is secured along the slope with anchor bolts and pulled to the opposite side, where the action is repeated. The surface of the material is covered with a small layer of soil mixed with lawn grass seeds. In just a couple of months, all layers will grow together, creating reliable natural protection for the slope.

Gabions are used in cases where saving space on the site is critical. They allow you to make the ditch wall almost vertical, narrowing the drainage to a minimum.

Creating a gabion yourself requires significant financial and time costs, but the result will be a reliable structure that will last for decades.

To work, you will need reinforcement rods with a diameter of 5-6 mm, a fine mesh netting (preferably with polymer coating), welding machine And a large number of large stones. First, long mesh boxes are made from reinforcement, the height of which should correspond to the depth of the ditch. The size of the cells will be such as not to allow stones to pass through them. After installing the boxes on both sides of the drainage, they are filled with stones, and the entire structure is covered with a chain-link mesh on top, screwing it to the reinforcement with galvanized wire.

The advantage of gabions is their beautiful appearance, which fits into landscape design. A budget-friendly way to strengthen it is to install old slate. For this, both wavy and flat coatings are used. It is buried in the ground along the slopes of the ditch, strengthened with spacers made of metal pipes or large diameter fittings.