Sound reflecting materials. Soundproofing materials

The main feature of acoustic materials is high porosity (up to 98%). Their structure can be cellular, granular, fibrous, lamellar or mixed. The pore size varies widely and usually does not exceed 3-5 mm. Porosity can be adjusted within certain limits by changing the influence of technological factors during production, thereby making it possible to obtain materials with specified properties: average density and thermal conductivity coefficient.

High porosity is obtained by the following methods: gas formation, high water mixing, mechanical dispersion, creation of a fibrous frame, swelling of mineral and organic raw materials, burn-out additives and chemical processing.

The classification of acoustic materials is based on the principle of the functional purpose of these materials. According to this principle they are divided into:

- sound-absorbing , intended for use in the structures of sound-absorbing cladding of internal premises and for individual sound absorbers to reduce sound pressure in industrial and public buildings;

- soundproofing , used as gaskets (interlayers) in multi-layer enclosing structures to improve the insulation of fences from impact and airborne sounds;

- vibration-absorbing , designed to attenuate bending vibrations propagating through rigid structures (mostly thin) to reduce the sound emitted by them.

Sound-absorbing materials, in accordance with the current standard, are classified according to the following main characteristics: efficiency, shape, rigidity (relative compression value), structure and flammability.

Based on their shape, sound-absorbing materials and products are divided into:

For piece pieces (blocks, slabs);

Rolled (mats, strip pads, canvases);

Loose and free-flowing (mineral and glass wool, expanded clay, expanded perlite and other porous granular materials).

By hardness These materials and products are divided into soft, semi-rigid, hard and hard.

Based on their structural characteristics, sound-absorbing materials and products are divided into: into porous-fibrous, porous-cellular (from cellular concrete and perlite) and porous-spongy (foam, rubber).

Based on flammability, like all building materials, acoustic materials and products are divided into three groups: non-combustible, non-combustible and combustible.

Comparing the classification characteristics of sound-absorbing and heat-insulating materials and products, one can see their commonality, which once again emphasizes the identity of the tasks in the production of these materials. However, it should be noted that in order to impart high levels of functional properties to the materials and products under consideration, it is necessary to use various technological techniques that make it possible to form the porous structure necessary for a particular case.

Based on their effectiveness, sound-absorbing materials and products are divided into three classes:

1st class - over 0.8;

2nd class - from 0.8 to 0.4;

3rd grade - from 0.4 to 0.2.

Soundproofing materials are divided into piece (tape, strip and piece gaskets, mats, slabs) and bulk (expanded clay, blast furnace slag, sand).

According to their structure, soundproofing products (materials) are divided into:

Porous-fiber made from mineral and glass wool in the form of soft, semi-rigid and rigid cushioning products with an average density of 75 to 175 kg/m 3 and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of no more than E (w) = 0.5 MPa at a load of 0.002 MPa;

Porous-sponge, made from foam plastics and porous rubber and characterized by E (w) from 1.0 to 5.0 MPa.

The dynamic modulus of elasticity of granular backfills should not exceed E (w) = 15 MPa.

Dynamic modulus of elasticity E (w). Modulus determined by the ratio of stress to that part of the deformation that is in phase with the stress. Matches expression

E (w) = E n - (E n - E r)/(1 + (w t2),

Thus, sound-absorbing and sound-proofing materials must have an increased ability to absorb and dissipate sound waves.

In addition, sound-absorbing and sound-proofing materials and products must have stable physical, mechanical and acoustic properties throughout the entire period of operation, be bio- and moisture-resistant, and not emit harmful substances into the environment.

Sound-absorbing products, as a rule, must have high decorative properties, since they are also used for finishing the internal surfaces of building fences.

Soundproofing cushioning materials and products of a porous-fibrous structure from various types of soft, semi-rigid and hard wool with E not more than 0.5 MPa or 5 10 5 N/m 2 have a load on the soundproofing layer of 0.002 MPa (2 10 3 N/m 2).

Soundproofing materials are used:

In floors - in the form of solid loaded or unloaded (carrying only their own weight) gaskets, piece loaded and strip loaded gaskets;

In partitions and walls - in the form of a continuous unloaded gasket at the joints of structures.

Vibration-absorbing materials. Vibration-absorbing materials are designed to absorb vibration and noise caused by the operation of engineering and sanitary equipment.

Vibration-absorbing materials include some types of rubber and mastic, foil insulation, and sheet plastics. Vibration-absorbing materials are applied to thin metal surfaces to create an effective vibration-absorbing structure with high frictional energy.

To eliminate the transmission of impact sound, “floating” floor designs are used.

Elastic pads are placed between the load-bearing floor slab and the finished floor. It is also necessary to use elastic gaskets to separate the floor structure from the walls along the perimeter of the room. The types and properties of some soundproofing gaskets are presented in table. 3.

Effective soundproofing materials are semi-rigid mineral wool and glass wool boards and mats with a synthetic binder, as well as pierced glass wool mats, fibreboards, porous rubber, polyvinyl chloride and polyurethane foams. They produce tape and strip gaskets with a length of 1000 to 3000 mm and a width of 100, 150, 200 mm, piece gaskets with a length and width of 100, 150, 200 mm. Products made from fibrous materials are used only in a shell made of waterproof paper, film, or foil.

Acoustic panels . Structurally, acoustic panels are constructed in the same way as conventional wall panels, except that one of the panel covers is perforated.

Fig. 12.1 Acoustic sandwich panel

Perforation of metal facings in acoustic sandwich panels increases the sound-absorbing properties of the panels, and also gives the panels an additional decorative effect. The percentage of perforation and the diameter of the holes in the perforated sheets comply with the requirements of GOST 23499-79 “Sound-absorbing and sound-insulating construction materials and products. Classification and general technical requirements."

Perforation percentage, no less than 20; hole diameter, mm. - 4.

Application of acoustic sandwich panels:

For the construction of enclosing structures, ceilings, internal walls and partitions in industrial buildings and structures where protection from the influence of industrial noise is required;

For the construction of soundproofing screens (including mobile ones) in residential areas in order to reduce noise pollution of the environment;

For the construction of noise barriers on highways and railways within city limits, near populated areas and protected areas;

Noise protection from diesel generators, sound insulation of chiller units, sound insulation of transformer substations.

Soundproofing and soundproofing of a common wall . Street noise can pass through the common wall of adjacent houses, the sound insulation of the common wall can be improved, but the effectiveness will depend on the design of the wall, the presence of a fireplace and the electrical equipment located on it.

Photo. 12.1 Mineral wool and plasterboards

The second method of soundproofing a shared wall involves lining with acoustic mineral wool and lining with double plasterboard on metal strips.

With this method, the sound does not pass directly, but is scattered.

Initially, the lathing is installed, for which 50x50 mm laths are attached vertically to the wall, with a distance between them slightly less than 600 mm, so that the roll sound insulation from mineral wool 50 mm thick. fit tightly to the laths and to the wall.

Next, at a distance of 100 mm from the floor, elastic strips are attached across the lathing in a horizontal position across the lathing, the distance between the planks is from 400 to 600 mm, the last plank is attached at a distance of 50 mm from the ceiling.

The wall is lined with 19 mm thick acoustic plasterboard; to attach the panels to the planks, 32 mm long screws are used; they must pass through the plank, but not touch the wall or battens.

It is necessary to leave a gap around the perimeter of the room from 3 to 5 mm. A second layer 12.5 mm thick is attached on top of the first layer of plasterboard; the joints should be shifted in relation to the first layer.

Using sound-absorbing sealant, the gaps are sealed and the baseboard is installed.

Photo. 12.2 General view of sound and noise insulation of a brick wall

Choice sound-absorbing material. Tools that allow you to effectively regulate the acoustics of a room are decorative and finishing sound-absorbing materials and structures. In this case, soundproofing materials must perform two main functions - to prevent the sound wave from vibrating an obstacle (for example, an interior partition), and also, if possible, to absorb and dissipate the sound wave. In principle, all of the listed materials are recommended for use as soundproofing of office premises. But I would like to dwell on some nuances. Until recently, cork was widely used as a sound insulator. However, according to experts, in fact, cork is only effective against so-called “impact noise” (arising as a result of mechanical impact on elements of building structures), and does not have universal soundproofing characteristics. The same applies to various synthetic foam materials. They are quite attractive in terms of ease of use, but for the most part they do not respond modern requirements to soundproofing of public buildings, and in addition, often do not meet fire safety requirements. Therefore, at present, universal soundproofing materials based on natural raw materials, for example, products based on stone wool, are coming to the fore. Their excellent soundproofing properties are determined by their specific structure - chaotically directed thin fibers, when rubbing against each other, convert the energy of sound vibrations into heat. The use of such insulation significantly reduces the risk of vertical sound waves occurring between wall surfaces, reducing reverberation time, and thereby reducing the sound level in adjacent rooms.

Fig. 12.2. Thermal and sound insulation of entrance doors

WITH specifically to ensure acoustic comfort in your own home, in public places, and in the workplace, ROCKWOOL has developed a new product - sound-absorbing boards made of stone wool ACOUSTIC BUTTS.

In the form of slabs of various thicknesses, they are used for soundproofing rooms of all types. Among them there are universal materials for increasing the sound insulation of walls, floors and ceilings. For example, ROCKWOOL ACOUSTIC BUTTS with a density of 40 kg/m 3; designs using which provide a sound insulation index of up to 60 dB.

Rice. 12.3. ACOUSTIC BUTTS slabs

1. Plasterboard sheet; 2. Ceiling profile; 3. Guide profile; 4. Straight suspension; 5. Sealing tape; 6. Dowel; 7. Self-tapping screw; 8. Self-tapping screw; 9. Acoustic Butts

Plasterboards placed between the rack profiles of the frame of plasterboard walls significantly increase the sound insulation index of interior partitions in an office or apartment.

They are also used when creating a floor on reinforced concrete or beam floors. To soundproof the ceiling, the material can be mounted directly on the ceiling under the surface of suspended or suspended ceilings.

Flame retardancy of stone fiber material able to withstand temperatures above 1000 °C without melting. While the binder evaporates at 250°C, the fibers remain intact and bonded together, maintaining their strength and providing fire protection. ROCKWOOL products are non-flammable material (fire hazard class KMO). This property allows them to prevent the spread of flames during fires, as well as certain time delay the process of destruction of load-bearing structures of buildings.

D additional insulation from airborne noise of interfloor ceilings on a reinforced concrete slab.

Resistant to deformation. This is, first of all, the absence of shrinkage throughout the entire life of the material. If the material is not capable of retaining required thickness under mechanical stress, its insulating properties are lost. Some of the fibers of our material are located vertically, as a result of which the overall structure does not have a specific direction, which ensures high rigidity of the thermal insulation material.

Fig. 12.4. Acoustic plates

laid between the joists on the slab

floors

Soundproofing. Thanks to its structure - an open porous structure - stone wool has excellent acoustic properties: it improves the airborne sound insulation of the room, the sound-absorbing properties of the structure, reduces the reverberation time, and thereby reduces the sound level of noise in neighboring rooms.

Water repellency and vapor permeability . Stone wool has excellent water-repellent properties, which, together with excellent vapor permeability, allows you to easily and effectively remove vapors from rooms and structures to the street. These properties allow you to create a favorable indoor climate, as well as the entire structure as a whole and thermal insulation in particular to work in a dry state. After all, as you know, moisture conducts heat well. Getting into thermal insulation material, it fills the air pores. In this case, the heat-shielding properties of the wet material deteriorate noticeably. And moisture that gets on the surface of the material does not penetrate into its thickness, due to which it remains dry and retains its high heat-shielding properties.

P suspended, acoustic ceilings.

1. plasterboard sheet

2. ceiling profile

4. Acoustic plates

Acoustic slabs are installed in the space between the suspended ceiling and the floor slab. The slabs are laid behind a suspended ceiling, or mounted to floor slabs using fastening dowels.

Rice. 12.5. Acoustic plates

mounted above suspended

ceiling

Plates "Akminit" and "Akmigran" - acoustic materials made on the basis of granulated mineral wool and starch binder compositions with additives. The slabs are produced in sizes 300x300x20 mm, density 350... 400 kg/m 3 and bending strength 0.7... 1.0 MPa, with a high sound absorption coefficient - up to 0.8. These slabs are intended for sound-absorbing finishing of ceilings and upper parts of walls of premises, public and administrative buildings, operated with a relative air humidity of no more than 70%. The front surface of the slabs has a texture in the form of directed cracks (cavities), similar to the texture of the surface of weathered limestone. The slabs are fastened to the ceiling using metal profiles; they can also be glued with special mastics directly to a hard surface.

The unique texture and wide range of colors add variety to the interiors of premises with the massive use of decorative acoustic slabs “Silakpor” and gas silicate slabs.

Silakpor slabs made from lightweight aerated concrete of a special structure with a density of 300...350 kg/m 3. The front surface of the slabs can have longitudinal slotted perforations, which gives it not only a better appearance, but also increased ability to absorb noise. The sound absorption coefficient of Silakpor slabs in the frequency range from 200 to 4000 Hz is 0.3 - 0.8.

Gas silicate slabs have good operational, architectural and construction properties and represent a special group of sound-absorbing materials, including those with a macroporous structure. Gas silicate is used to make slabs with dimensions of 750x350x25 mm, density 500...600 kg/m 3 and compressive strength 1.5...2.0 MPa, sound absorption coefficient in the frequency range from 500 to 4000 Hz for microporous slabs 0.2 ...0.3, and for macroporous ones 0.6...0.9. The technological process for producing boards consists of mixing raw materials - lime, sand and dye; pouring the prepared solution into molds and autoclave treatment, after which the products are milled and calibrated. Acoustic perforated slabs made of dry plaster and gypsum perforated slabs with a mineral wool sound absorber have good appearance, sufficient fire resistance and high sound-absorbing properties. They are widely used for interior decoration of walls and ceilings in cultural, domestic and public buildings.

If you are thinking about what soundproofing material to choose for your apartment, then you are concerned about the issue of excessive noise in the premises of your home. Just as often as the rest of the room’s surfaces, craftsmen today try to make the ceiling soundproof. This simultaneously makes it possible to achieve more impressive thermal insulation characteristics of the ceiling.

Types of sound absorbers for ceilings

You can choose organic and inorganic materials for soundproofing work. Among the first are those based on polystyrene foam, particle board or ecowool. The use of such noise absorbers implies ease of installation, affordable price and environmental safety.

Soundproofing material such as polystyrene foam is found today, perhaps more often than others, in insulation systems. It perfectly retains heat in the room, but is of interest to rodents.

Among inorganic materials, stone wool can be distinguished, which is durable and safe for human health. The cost of this insulation is very affordable, which acts as a positive feature. Stone wool can withstand low and high temperatures ranging from -60 to +400 degrees. This indicates that this insulation copes well with high humidity conditions.

Work options

Soundproofing material can form the basis of different ceiling systems, for example, mineral wool can be installed in the hollow space of the suspension system. The canvases fit perfectly between the frame elements. But if you decide to use polystyrene foam, it is not recommended to use glue to attach it, since the slabs have a weight under which the material can move away from the base over time and cause even more noise. You can also use glass wool, but you should remember that this material must be well protected, since its elements can pose a danger to human health. In connection with this requirement installation work using glass wool can be accompanied by more significant labor costs. When using gypsum board as a finishing coating, special attention should be paid to joining the sheets, since sound penetrates well through the cracks.

Soundproofing material is usually attached between the waterproofing, which is installed on the subfloor, and the base ceiling.

Soundproofing materials for walls

If you decide to get rid of noise in a room in a comprehensive manner by also sealing the walls, you can choose soundproofing systems, which are designated by the abbreviation ZIPS. They perform several functions at once. By installing them, you prepare the surface of the walls for subsequent finishing. This material contains an insulating layer and gypsum board. The panel contains several sound insulators, namely: gypsum fiber and mineral wool, the latter is sometimes replaced with glass wool. The thickness and combination of internal components may vary. The weight is 18.5 kg, while the dimensions of one canvas are 1500x500 mm. Thickness can vary between 40-130 mm. The described soundproofing materials can be secured using structural units.

Among the natural sound absorbers, we can highlight ISOPLAAT boards, which are based on coniferous wood fibers. The size of the canvas is 2700x1200 mm, while the thickness can be equivalent to 10-25 mm. The weight is very light and limited to 4 kg.

After installing such material, you will not have to prepare the wall for installation. finishing. It is recommended to install the described slabs using glue. They allow air to pass through perfectly, which does not create the effect of a thermos in the room.

Alternative soundproofing options for walls

When considering soundproofing materials for walls, we can highlight ISOTEX panels; they are based exclusively on natural components coniferous trees, are characterized by excellent flexibility and elasticity. If you choose this method of dealing with noise, then you will have to work with canvases whose dimensions are limited to 2700x580 mm. With a thickness of 12-25 mm, the insulation weighs 1.2 kg, which ensures ease of installation. Such soundproofing materials for an apartment look great and do not imply the need for wall finishing after installation, since their outer side has decor in the form vinyl wallpaper or linen fabric. Installation consists of connecting the plates using a lock, and if necessary, cutting can be done using a construction knife.

EcoZvukoIzol panels have gained quite a high popularity among private craftsmen, this is due to the fact that this material is environmentally friendly, since it is based on seven-layer cardboard and quartz sand. The canvases are somewhat heavier compared to those described above: their weight is 10.5 kg, dimensions are 1200x450 mm. But they are easy to work with, despite their impressive weight. If you need to adjust the panel to size, you can use a hacksaw, and at the time of fastening you need to use an adhesive composition intended for drywall.

If you are looking for soundproofing materials for an apartment, then you can also consider wall panels, which are known as KRAFT. They have environmentally friendly wood fiber elements that are outside covered with wax paper, while the inside is covered with corrugated cardboard. Their weight is 5.5 kg, which facilitates the installation process, but their dimensions are 2700x580 mm, which implies the need to enlist the help of another person before starting work. It is quite simple to glue the canvas, and after the composition has dried, you can begin decorative finishing.

Cost of wall materials

The listed soundproofing materials for walls have a lot of advantages, but sometimes it makes it difficult to make a choice. Perhaps the price will affect this. If we compare the above materials, then ZIPS costs 1300 rubles/m2. But "EcoZvukoIzol" will cost less - 900 rubles/m 2. ISOTEX is even cheaper - within 600 rubles/m2, the final cost in this case will depend on the type of decorative coating. KRAFT is the penultimate among materials in the most affordable price category - 250 rubles / m 2. And the leader in the matter of democracy is ISOPLAAST, its price is 150 rubles/m 2.

Sound absorbers for floors

When choosing sound absorbers for the floor, the consumer, as a rule, pays attention to heat and sound insulation materials. A cork substrate, which is placed under the finishing coating, copes well with such tasks. This material is based on natural cork chips, which makes the sound insulation layer completely harmless. In addition to the fact that cork will combat noise, it will last a long time, since it does not rot and mold cannot appear or develop in it. Cork does not attract rodents. The material is chemically inert and has a lifespan of 40 years. It can reduce noise levels by approximately 12 decibels.

The listed characteristics of soundproofing materials force consumers to incline their choice in their direction. As alternative solution can choose cork backing, which contains rubber elements. Synthetic rubber in tandem with cork does the job perfectly. The degree of sound absorption here is more impressive and is approximately 18-21 decibels. But you will have to pay more for such material.

The best soundproofing material made from cork is one that contains bitumen along with the main ingredient. The advantage of the substrate in this design is that it does not require additional waterproofing works, which cannot be said about the above. But this will require certain skills, because bitumen stains hands and clothes.

Foamed polyethylene for flooring

When considering the soundproofing properties of materials, it is worth paying attention to polyethylene foam. It is also customary to lay it under a finishing coating, for example under a laminate. You can choose one of several varieties of this material. Thus, polyethylene with chemically bonded molecules and cross-linked polyethylene have more impressive sound insulation characteristics compared to non-cross-linked polyethylene. Laying this material requires mandatory waterproofing, since it can become moldy when exposed to moisture. It is advisable to lay it with some clearance, since under mechanical loads the material loses up to 2/3 of its thickness, which causes a decrease in noise-absorbing properties.

Schumanet for floors

When considering the types of soundproofing materials, you will probably come across the Schumanet soundproofer. It is a composite substrate based on a multicomponent material. It contains three layers, the first of which is polyethylene, which protects against water, the second is polystyrene foam granules, while the third is a film that allows moisture particles to penetrate into the polystyrene foam. Afterwards it is discharged around the perimeter of the room through the ventilation slots. The lifespan of the material is about twenty years. It should be installed using the rolling method, adhesive compositions are not used.

In addition to those listed, extruded polystyrene foam is used to combat noise, which acts as the densest type of foam. It is practically like wood, it does not absorb moisture at all, it is easy to work with during the installation process, in addition, it is easy to cut using a knife. It will last about half a century. When considering soundproofing materials for walls or floors, you can choose this one.

Speaking of the above, the most impressive degree of noise absorption is provided by Schumanet-100 gaskets. At 3mm thick they can reduce noise levels by as much as 23 decibels, while if you want even more impressive results, you can use 5mm material and the sound will be reduced by 27 decibels. The gaskets described are based on fiberglass, which has a special weave. If the manufacturer used staple weave, the noise will be reduced by 42 decibels. If you decide to cover these pads, then you need to provide a gap around the perimeter of the walls, the width of which is 1 cm, which will be necessary to remove moisture.

Universal sound absorbers

When choosing soundproofing materials for the ceiling, floor and walls, you can also select fiberboard. It can be used in premises of any purpose. This material is based on wood fiber and cement. In addition to the above ingredients, synthetic fibers can also be used. In order to form an acoustic surface, acoustic fiberboard should be used. It is characterized by an increased noise absorption coefficient, the level of which is 40 percent.

Stone wool also does an excellent job of absorbing noise; the sound absorption coefficient can be equal to 99 percent. It copes well with changes in temperature and humidity, so it can be used in almost any room.

Methods for suppressing impact noise

Soundproofing materials for apartment walls, which were described above, can cope with airborne noise. But if there is a need to eliminate impact noise, then you can use a floating floor system that is not rigidly connected to the subfloor. An insulating layer is used as the base of this system; it can be the stone wool described above. If the sound insulation of all surfaces of the room was not enough, then special attention should be paid to doors and windows. In this case, PVC profiles come to the rescue, which have very good noise-absorbing qualities. As a rule, there is an inert gas between two windows in the hollow space. The most common of these is argon.

The range of modern sound absorbers is large, but it is worth remembering that they should be used comprehensively, in addition, sometimes the quality of sound absorption depends on the correct installation of the material. Only by following the installation technology will it be possible to achieve a positive result, and your neighbors will not disturb you, just as you will not disturb them, which is very important, especially in apartment buildings.

Soundproofing walls in an apartment modern materials for which today can be found in construction stores, is becoming increasingly relevant. This can be explained simply - fences in multi-storey buildings standard houses are not able to completely protect the home from external street noise and from sounds coming from neighboring apartments.

Medical scientists It has long been noted that the presence of constant noise has an extremely negative effect on the human psyche, preventing him from getting complete relaxation and rest. That is why, unable to withstand the constant sound pressure, many city residents, especially those who live in panel houses, begin an active search for a suitable soundproofing material that will meet all the requirements for its use in apartments.

Almost all modern acoustic materials are made on the same basic principles as traditional ones. However, they have undergone significant improvements due to recent production technologies.

Today, a very large number of new soundproofing materials are being produced, and it is simply impossible to cover the characteristics of all of them in one article. Therefore, attention will be focused on the most effective ones, which are used specifically in apartment conditions.

Thin sound insulation MaxForteSoundPRO

When the area of ​​an apartment or room does not limit the choice of materials, and you can install sound insulation of any thickness, this is convenient. But what if you can’t afford to waste precious centimeters of living space?

In this case, innovative thin material for sound insulation MaxForte SoundPRO. It has a thickness of only 12 mm, while its characteristics can compete with sound insulation with a thickness of 5 and even 10 cm! MaxForte SoundPRO — newest material, created specifically for soundproofing residential and industrial premises.

Specialists from the Research Institute of Building Physics and the Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, took part in the development of the material. When manufacturing MaxForte SoundPRO, all important points for efficient work material: the optimal density was selected (if the density is low, the sound will pass through, if the density is too high, along the “skeleton”), the length of the fibers, their thickness. The sound-absorbing layer is calibrated and uniform over the entire area. The material is completely non-flammable. The composition does not contain harmful phenol-formaldehyde resins or any adhesives. Therefore, in addition to excellent noise insulation properties, MaxForte SoundPRO is safe for health.

MaxForte SoundPRO provides an increase in noise insulation from both airborne noise (loud TV, crying child, screaming neighbors) and impact noise (noise from stomping, grinding furniture, falling objects). It can be used to soundproof ceilings, walls and floors, which will give a significant increase of up to 64 dB!

Installation of thin sound insulation is very simple, and not only professionals can handle it, but also anyone who has ever held a hammer drill and a screwdriver in their hand.

MaxForte SoundPRO is mounted on the wall using ordinary plastic mushroom dowels, which can be purchased at any hardware store. It is hung on the wall using the “joint-to-joint” technology, after which it is covered with a layer of gypsum fiber board (gypsum fiber sheet). All sheet seams must be sealed with a special vibroacoustic non-hardening sealant. Afterwards, the sound insulation is sewn up with a layer of gypsum plasterboard (plasterboard sheet). The seams of the gypsum fiber board and gypsum board sheets should be staggered, that is, not coincide.

You can see the installation of thin sound insulation MaxForte SoundPRO in the video.

Video - How to install thin sound insulation MaxForte SoundPRO

Thin wall soundproofing panelsSoundGuard EcoZvukoIzol

SoundGuard EcoZvukoIzol panels are unique material for soundproofing walls and ceilings, which allows you to achieve silence in the apartment and not lose useful space.

SoundGuard EcoZvukoIzol panels are made of durable multi-layer cardboard profiles based on the honeycomb principle, which are filled with thermally treated mineral quartz sand. The quartz filler used is very fine, exactly the same as an hourglass. It is this filler that makes it possible to achieve an impressive weight of the panel - more than 18 kg per m2, and according to the laws of sound insulation, the heavier the material, the worse it transmits sound (cotton wool transmits sound very well, but for example, a brick wall or a steel door is much worse). In addition to its weight, quartz sand, due to its fine fraction, perfectly dampens and absorbs almost all frequencies of sound - from airborne to shock.

How to install panelsSoundGuard EcoZvukoIzol?

Installation of the panels is very simple and almost anyone can handle it. are attached to the wall using SoundGuard DAP acoustic anchors, which are driven into pre-drilled holes through the panel in the wall. After this, all seams and joints are coated with sealant and the entire wall is covered with plasterboard.

Mineral sound-absorbing material "Shumanet-BM"

This soundproofing material made from basalt fibers, is considered a premium mineral sound-absorbing board. One side of the mat is laminated with a layer of fiberglass, which helps maintain the integrity of the slab and hold the internal basalt fibers in one position to prevent their small particles from entering the room. This is especially important in cases where the sound-absorbing material will be covered with perforated acoustic panels.

Packaging of soundproofing boards “Shumanet”

Plates " Schumanet BM" are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 23 — 03-2003 “Noise protection”. They have the following technical and operational characteristics:

	Indicators
Standard slab size (mm)	1000×500 or 1000×600
Slab thickness (mm)	50
Material density (kg/m³)	45
Number of slabs per package (pcs.)	4
Area of ​​slabs in one package (m²)	2.0 or 2.4
Weight of one package (kg)	4.2÷5.5
Packaging volume (m³)	0.1 ÷ 0.12
Sound absorption coefficient (average)	0.95
Flammability (GOST 30244-94)	NG (non-flammable)
Water absorption when partially immersed in water for 24 hours, % of total volume	No more than 1÷3%

Acoustic tests to determine the sound absorption coefficient were carried out in the measurement laboratory of the Moscow Research Institute of Building Physics at the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences.

The basis of “Shumanet” is basalt fibers

Having a low degree moisture absorption, this soundproofing material can be used not only in rooms with normal humidity, but also, for example, in the bathroom. In addition, it is excellent for soundproofing tension and suspended ceilings, and, of course, walls and multilayer partitions made in the form of a sandwich from plasterboard, plywood, fiberboard and other sheet materials.

Soundproofing walls using Schumanet BM

Installation of the slabs of this sound insulator follows the same principle as all types of mineral wool. However, one must take into account the fact that the material will be used primarily as sound absorber, and only then is considered as additional insulation.

The work is carried out in the following sequence:

• On the prepared surface, markings are made to secure the sheathing elements. Since the width of the mats is 500 mm, and they must stand apart between the bars, the distance between the guides should be 450 ÷ 480 mm. If mats 600 mm wide are purchased, then, accordingly, the distance between the bars should be 550 ÷ 580 mm.
• Next, the sheathing elements themselves are fixed, but at the same time, in order not to weaken the basic qualities of the soundproofing material, experienced craftsmen advise performing a series of simple recommendations:

— For lathing, it is best to use wooden beams rather than metal profiles, since metal is good guide sound, can resonate, and wood tends to dampen sound waves.

— Additionally, in order not to create bridges for the passage of sound, it is recommended to make gaskets made of thin sound-proofing material, for example, felt or strips of basalt wool 8 ÷ 10 mm thick, between the wall and the sheathing bars.

— If, after all, a metal profile is chosen for the sheathing, then it is better to move it away from the wall with a soundproofing pad by 12 ÷ 15 mm.

- In the case that the area soundproof the room is large enough, and it is possible to move the sheathing for sound-absorbing material and cladding 100 mm from the wall, then special ones can be used to fasten the bars details - hangers. They are screwed to the wall through wooden spacers, and the bars are already fixed in them.

Another option is the use of special suspensions, which are designed specifically for noise-absorbing structures. Structurally, such a product already has a special damper layer that effectively dampens vibrations without transferring them to the frame guides.

Special suspension used for soundproofing work

If guide bars secured in the manner indicated above, then the soundproofing mats are mounted in two layers. The first of them is installed behind the sheathing elements, close to the wall, and the second is installed between the guides.

Double-layer placement of “Shumanet” panels

• Ultimately, upon completion of installation of the Schumanet BM panels, the walls should look like this:

Next, on top of the mats soundproofing material is fixed vapor permeable diffuse membrane. Then they proceed to the installation of plasterboard or plywood sheets, which, in turn, will become the basis for the execution finishing works. However, it is quite possible to replace this multi-layering by fastening it directly to the guide lathing of wooden decorative lining.

Next, the wall is covered with a diffuse membrane and covered with plasterboard or plywood

It should be noted that all sound and heat insulating materials made in mats or rolls are mounted on walls according to the same principle.

Video: advantages of soundproofing mineral slabs " Schumanet»

"Texound" - a new direction in sound insulation technology

"Texound" is not yet as popular as mineral wool or expanded polystyrene, since it is a relatively new sound insulator. The most important advantage of Texound over others soundproofing materials is that it practically does not “steal” the usable area of ​​the room, since it is small in thickness.

The main advantage of Texound is the highest efficiency of sound insulation with a small thickness of the material itself

This sound insulator is used for all surfaces of the room - it is fixed to the ceiling and walls, and also laid on the floor.

It should be noted that some masters use Texound in combination with thermal insulation materials, and such a combination only increases the effectiveness of its use. But, unfortunately, the rooms in apartments most often do not have extra space that can be given over to a “powerful” multi-layer sound and heat insulating structure. In this regard, a material was developed that is able to protect rooms from excess noise without reducing the room in size.

To achieve the desired effect and protect the room from outside sounds, it is necessary to cover all surfaces of the room with soundproofing material, otherwise it will be impossible to achieve the desired result.

Texaund was developed in Spain by specialists from the well-known company TEXSA, and its mass production began there industrial production. It is in this country that the largest deposit of the mineral aragonite, which is the main raw material, is located.

To be more precise, the basic component is calcium carbonate (CaCO³). Aragonite is very rich in this compound. In addition, calcium carbonate is the main component of many calcareous rocks, including chalk, marble and others.

Harmless polymer compounds are used as binding components, resulting in membranes high density, but at the same time very flexible and elastic, with pronounced visco-elastic qualities, which is extremely important for sound insulation of complex building structures.

Soundproofing rooms with this material is very effective even if canvases of very small thickness are used. “Texound” is capable of absorbing and dispersing even high-intensity sound waves that come not only from the outside, but are also created indoors, for example, with very loud music.

Texaunda canvas covered with protective film

“Texound” is produced in sheets (membranes) and goes on sale in rolls packaged in polyethylene. It has the following technical and operational characteristics:

Name of material parameters	Indicators
Material density (kg/m³)	1900
Average specific gravity canvas (kg/m²)	6.9
Area covered by one package (m²)	6.1
Weight of one package (kg)	42
Sound insulation coefficient Rw (average)	28
Flammability (GOST 30244-94)	G2
Elongation at break (%)	300
Manufacturing materials	mineral aragonite, plasticizers, polyolefins, spunbond

In addition, the material has the following advantages:

• "Texaund" is resistant to temperature changes. Its elasticity does not decrease at all even with negative temperatures up to - 20 °C .
• The material has pronounced flexibility and ductility, and in this way “Texound” is somewhat reminiscent of rubber.

"Texound" with its plasticity resembles dense rubber

• The material is resistant to moisture and will never become an area for mold or mildew to spread, as it has antiseptic properties.
• The operating time of the Texound is not limited.
• Texound combines well with other materials and can be used in a complex system.

“Texound” is divided according to its thickness, size and release form, and may have additional layers that improve its characteristics. The main brands are presented in the table:

Name	Sound insulator release form	Linear parameters of the material, mm
"Texound 35"	roll	1220×8000×1.8
"Texound 50"	roll	1220×8000×1.8
"Texound 70"	roll	1220×6000×2.6
"Texound100"	sheet	1200×100×4.2
"Texound SY 35"	Self-adhesive roll	1220×8000×3.0
"Texound SY 50"	Self-adhesive roll	1220×6050×2.6
"Texound SY 50 AL"	Foil self-adhesive roll	1200×6000×2.0
"Texound SY 70"	Self-adhesive roll	1200×5050×3.8
"Texound SY100"	Self-adhesive sheet	1200×100×4.2
"Texound FT 55 AL"	With felt and foil layer, roll	1220×5500×15.0
"Texound FT 40"	With felt layer	1220×6000×12.0
"Texound FT 55"	With felt layer	1200×6000×14.0
"Texound FT 75"	With felt layer	1220×5500×15.0
"Texound 2FT 80"	With two felt layers	1200×5500×24.0
"Texound S BAND-50"	Self-adhesive tape	50×6000×3.7
Homakoll glue intended for Texound	Canister	8 liters

Installation of "texound"

Almost any base is suitable for installation of this material - concrete, plasterboard, plastic, wood, metal and others. The main thing is that the surface is well prepared - leveled, cleaned of old coatings, primed and dried.

If there is a high-quality layer of plaster on the wall, then it must be primed, and then installation can be carried out directly on it.

The work can be carried out in two ways. In the first of them, only soundproofing material is used, and in the second, it is used in combination with a heat insulator.

The first option - without additional insulation

• Glue is applied to the prepared surface. To install the texound, a special assembly adhesive, which is sold in ready-to-use liquid form in canisters. After coating, you must wait 15-20 minutes until the glue sets.

Marking and cutting of Texound canvases

• Next, the soundproofing material itself is mounted on the glued wall, which must be measured and cut in advance, and also pre-coated with glue.

Special glue is applied both to the surface of the wall and to the Texound canvas itself.

• If you purchase self-adhesive material, then installation will be much easier, since there is no need for glue, and you just need to remove the protective film and attach the material to the wall.
• Next, the texaund sheet needs to be pressed as tightly as possible to the surface, and then additionally walked over it with a roller. This must be done to achieve better adhesion to the wall surface over the entire area, without leaving air bubbles.

Welding Texound joints using a gas torch

• Texound canvases must be overlapped by approximately 50 mm. The sheets are glued together hermetically. This process is carried out using liquid nails glue or by heating the material with hot air or gas burner– adjacent sheets are welded. If during installation even small gaps are left between the panels, the effectiveness of sound insulation will be significantly reduced.

Doorway completely finished with Texound

• If Texound is installed on the ceiling, then it is glued in small sheets, since the material is quite heavy, and it will simply be impossible to hold a single sheet from wall to wall.
• After gluing the canvas, if necessary, it is additionally fixed to the wall with fastenings - “fungi”, the same ones that are most often used for installing polystyrene foam or mineral wool.

The second option is using thermal insulation

Complex installation is carried out if the wall needs not only soundproof, but also insulate. If there is such a task, then the work is carried out as follows:

• The sheathing frame is attached to the primed wall along the edges.

Texound frame around the perimeter of the wall

• The next step is to immediately glue Texound onto the entire wall in one version, and in the other, heat-insulating material is pre-laid. However, the first method shows higher efficiency specifically for sound insulation.
• If thermal insulation is adjacent to the wall, the “texaund” is first secured with “fungi”, and then additionally pressed with strips of metal hangers.

Fixing Texound panels with mushroom dowels

• To achieve the required space for installing the insulating material, the metal profile of the frame is fixed into hangers at a distance of 40÷50 mm from the wall. In this case, it is necessary to set each of the profiles according to construction level, otherwise the frame skin will not be smooth.

Installation metal frame on top of soundproofing sheets

• The next stage is the installation of insulation. The most environmentally safe of suitable insulation materials that can be installed independently is considered to be basalt-based mineral wool. If financial allow facilities, then you can use the above-described “Shumanet BM”, which is not only sound-absorbing, but a good thermal insulation material.

• It fits tightly between the sheathing posts and is pressed against the Texound mounted on the wall.
• Upon completion of the installation of insulation, the wall should look like this:

• It is advisable to tighten the insulation vapor permeable diffuse membrane.
• The next stage is . In some cases Plywood or OSB sheets are used for cladding.
• The sheets are fastened to the sheathing posts using self-tapping screws, the heads of which are recessed into the sheathing material by 1.5 ÷ 2 mm.

• Then the joints and holes from the screw heads are sealed with putty.
• Next, the surface is primed and puttied completely, and after that you can decorate the walls with decorative material.

Drywall is the most comfortable material for leveling walls

The wall that received soundproofing and insulating protection, it is necessary to prepare for further work - to achieve a flat surface, which will become the basis for finishing materials. As well as in special publications on our portal.

Prices for drywall and sheet materials

Drywall and sheet materials

Existing texound installation schemes

Craftsmen use various installation schemes for this sound insulator. Depending on the convenience of performing the work, the area of ​​the room and the required efficiency of insulating the walls from external noise, you can choose any of them. The only disadvantage of these structures is their thickness, which even in the most best case scenario will be at least 50 mm.

First option

This design will have a thickness of 50 mm.

• They begin to install it by covering the prepared metal profiles on the side of their contact with the wall with self-adhesive tape “Texound S BAND 50”. This must be done in order to avoid the transmission of sound and vibrations from the wall through the metal frame into the room.
• Next, the frame elements are fixed to the wall with dowels, and heat-insulating, sound-absorbing mats are mounted between them.
• Then, soundproofing material is glued to the plasterboard sheets on the inside. In this case, Texound 70 is suitable.
• After that. drywall is fixed to the frame posts, and its seams are sealed with putty.

Second option

The thickness of the structure with this option will be 60 mm.

• In this case, first a thin heat insulator is attached to the wall. You can use foil insulation, installing it with the reflective surface towards the room. The insulation should cover the joints of the wall with the floor and ceiling, that is, extend to them by 150÷200 mm.
• On top of it is produced installation of a metal frame, which just like in the first design option, it is attached to the wall.
• Next, insulation mats are laid into the frame, which are covered with plasterboard with Texound 70 glued to it.

It should be noted here that the thermal insulation material attached to the wall can be replaced with Texound FT 75, which has an additional layer of felt.

Third option

The thickness of the third design option is 70 ÷ 80 mm, since it consists of more layers.

• The first layer of thermal insulation material is installed on the wall.
• The second layer is the Texound sound-absorbing membrane.
• A sheathing is mounted on top of it.
• Then the insulation mats are installed.
• The last layer on the structure is sandwich panels, consisting of two sheets of plasterboard, between which Texound is laid.

When purchasing soundproofing material of this type, it is recommended to provide the consultant of the selling company with the characteristics of the material from which the house is built. The sales consultant will help you do right choice, determining the thickness and better shape release of Texound.

Video: using Texaund for soundproofing in an apartment

Using foam mats as sound insulation

The most effective affordable material for soundproofing walls in an apartment can be called acoustic foam. Due to its porous structure, this material perfectly absorbs and dissipates sound vibrations.

Acoustic foam rubber is capable of neutralizing two types of noise - sound and vibration waves, that is, it muffles sound and dissipates low frequencies arising from vibrations of surfaces, for example, knocking or “bass” of music.

The material is quite durable and can be installed either as an independent soundproofing material or in combination with drywall. Foam mats are available in a wide range of sizes and can be textured or have a flat surface.

Foam rubber is made by pressing polyurethane foam, after which it is cut into standard blocks measuring 1000 × 2000 mm. The thickness of the mats varies from 10 to 120 mm. Material domestic production is available in two or three colors, while imported options have a more varied color scheme, including 10÷12 colors.

Types of material relief

The types of relief patterns of acoustic foam rubber can be different. Both the total thickness of the material and its sound-absorbing properties.

The main types of reliefs used for the purpose of soundproofing rooms are presented in the tables below:

Material relief height (mm)	25	50	70	100
"Wedge"
	For moderate sound insulation of walls and ceilings.	Effective for absorbing standing sound waves and echoes in medium to small rooms.	For effective soundproofing of rooms of any size.	To absorb low frequencies, most often used in large halls.
"Pyramid"
	For moderate protection of walls against penetration of high and medium frequencies.	Protection against standing waves in small spaces. In combination with traps for low frequencies, they can completely soundproof a room.	It is used for rooms of any size and is used in conjunction with additional soundproofing elements, such as sound traps.	Same characteristics as wedge material type

There are other, less commonly used elements made from acoustic foam.

Name of relief type	Characteristics
"Peak"	This mat relief is less popular and has unusual drawing. Its lack of demand is explained by lower soundproofing qualities than those of the materials mentioned above.
"Bass Trap"	Low-frequency waves are more difficult to dampen because they are longer. For this purpose, bass traps are installed in each corner of the room, which are designed for rooms of any size.
"Treble and Mid Frequency Traps"	These elements are installed in the halls big size. They are designed to capture mid and high frequencies, and create a low frequency diffusion effect. They are installed in a vertical position, but if the blocks are cut in half and installed in the corners, they will become low frequency traps.
"Corner block"	Corner blocks are produced in the form of a triangular beam. They are installed in the corners of the room and at the junctions of two surfaces, and also serve to dissipate low frequencies.
Decorative ceiling tiles	They are produced with or without a relief pattern. They are designed to change the relief and shape of the ceiling, thereby achieving an additional soundproofing effect.
Insulating wedges	Used to reduce vibrations from studio equipment and used as a substrate for it.

Until recently, acoustic foam rubber was rarely used in apartments, since the material tends to accumulate dust. But in recent years, more and more residents of panel houses are choosing foam rubber to reduce the sound conductivity of the walls. Thanks to its high sound-absorbing and dissipating properties, this material can make a room almost completely soundproof, provided it is installed not only on walls, but also on the surface of the ceiling and floor.

It is very important to note that acoustic foam rubber does not lose any of its soundproofing qualities when it is covered with plasterboard. The main condition in creating such a structure is that the foam mats themselves must be glued directly to the base of the wall, without any lining.

Soundproofing walls with acoustic foam

Installing foam rubber on walls is not too complicated, so you can easily do it yourself. In this case, it is worth considering the most acceptable method of sound insulation for apartment conditions, but it should immediately be noted that the area of ​​the room will be slightly reduced.

Installation work is carried out in the following sequence:

• To make the foam stick easily, it is best to prime the wall surface and dry it well.
• Next, the mats need to be fixed to the wall. They must fit tightly to its surface, otherwise the sound insulation effect will be partially lost.

• You can glue foam mats using wide double-sided mounting tape, “liquid nails” or heated silicone.
• When all the walls are covered with foam mats, you can proceed to the installation of frame sheathing made of metal profiles or wooden beams. The frame guides are mounted at a distance of 50÷60 mm from the wall.
• The racks are mounted in the recesses of the relief pattern directly to the wall. Holes for fastenings are drilled directly through the foam.
• After fixing the frame of the sheathing, sheets of plasterboard, plywood, PVC panels or other finishing materials are fixed to the guides. This will not in any way reduce the sound absorption efficiency of the foam layer, since it will be the first to receive all sound waves coming from outside, absorb them and dissipate them.
• In the same way, the foam rubber is mounted on the lathing. The lathing is installed directly on it, and then one of the types of suspended ceilings is fixed.
• On the floor, logs are laid on top of acoustic foam rubber, on which a plank or plywood floor is laid. Further, if desired, laminate, linoleum, carpeting or other decorative covering can be laid on the plywood.

It should be noted that the installation of acoustic mats does not require serious preparatory work. repair work, and if the decision is made to leave the foam panels open, then their installation will generally take no more than one day.

The exposed material will require frequent cleaning with a powerful vacuum cleaner to prevent large amounts of dust from accumulating within the porous material. If one of the panels comes away from the wall for some reason, it can be quickly and without special preparation glued into place.

In addition to the soundproofing materials considered, there are others in the assortment of construction stores. But today, acoustic foam rubber, Texaund membranes, Schumanet slabs and similar sound insulators can be called the most effective and safest for installation in an apartment.

Constant noise is an indispensable companion for residents of big cities. Some people get used to knocking doors, steps overhead and working TVs behind the bedroom wall, but most city dwellers try to protect themselves from too aggressive acoustics by installing a soundproofing system in their apartments. Modern soundproofing materials for houses and apartments can counteract almost all types of noise: airborne, impact and structural.

Peculiarities

What brings discomfort to a person is not the presence of noise as such, but the excess of permissible sound power levels. At a noise level of 25-30 dB, the human body feels most comfortable; as sound stimuli intensify, the attitude towards noise changes to tolerant, which it remains until the power reaches 60 dB. When this index is exceeded, noise becomes an aggressive irritating factor that can significantly affect the state of the psyche.

IN modern cities noise can be of different nature:

• Airborne noise includes barking dogs, voices, medium and high frequencies music, car noise, etc.
• Impact noise includes low frequencies of music (subwoofer), the sounds of rearranging furniture, walking in rooms, the operation of a hammer drill and other construction tools.
• Structural noise is a mix of the above listed noises, which represents the transmission of vibrations from all types of sound influences through building structures.
• Acoustic noise occurs in half-empty rooms, this is a familiar echo to everyone.

Accordingly, to protect against each type of noise, soundproofing materials with certain physical characteristics are required: sound absorption and sound insulation.

One of the most important is the sound absorption coefficient, which is determined based on acoustic tests carried out for each building material. The maximum is 100% sound absorption, which is characterized by a coefficient value of 1. This indicator is directly related to the degree of density and allows us to distinguish the following categories:

• Solid materials, which include granulated or suspended mineral wool, as well as vermiculite, perlite or pumice. These materials have an average absorption coefficient of 0.5 and a fairly high bulk density - approximately 400 kg/m3.
• Semi-rigid: slabs made of mineral or fiberglass wool, as well as materials with a cellular structure, for example, polyurethane foam, etc. The sound absorption coefficient varies between 0.5-0.75, weight can range from 80 to 130 kg/m3, depending from variety.
• Felt, fiberglass and mineral wools that are not pressed into slabs are considered soft. They have a high absorption coefficient - 0.7-0.95 with a volumetric mass within 70 kg/m3.

In order to successfully combat noise, it is also necessary to take into account such an indicator as the sound insulation index of the material. It is measured in the same value as noise - in decibels (db) and is calculated for each type of building materials: concrete, gypsum plasterboard, brick, foam blocks, mineral wool, etc. A monolithic floor slab, which has a thickness of at least 200 mm, has a sound insulation index 74 db. For new brick wall half a brick thick (150 mm), the maximum index is 47 dB, which decreases over time due to the appearance of cracks and cracks.

To prevent human speech from being heard, the wall must have a sound insulation index of at least 50 dB. Respectively, thin walls in panel houses that do not satisfy this indicator, it is necessary to further strengthen them.

You can do this in several ways:

• build additional dense and massive walls or ceilings, for example, from foam blocks, while maintaining maximum tightness;
• create multilayer structure from several soundproofing materials, alternating soft and hard types for maximum suppression of all types of noise and observing the rules of tightness;
• use ready-made soundproofing panels made from materials of various densities and structures and designed for a wide frequency range of sound waves.

Due to the fact that the construction of powerful walls/partitions made of brick or concrete requires an appropriate foundation capacity, these indicators must be included in architectural calculations at the stage of drawing up construction and design documentation.

In cases where it is necessary to enhance the soundproofing qualities of an already built wall or to erect soundproofing partitions in an apartment, either ready-made soundproofing panels are used, or prefabricated structures from various modern materials are installed directly on site.

Varieties

Modern types of materials for sound insulation are usually considered from the point of view of resistance to one or another type of noise.

Materials that successfully resist impact noise are called sound repellent because they repel sound waves rather than absorb them. Most often, such materials are used in “floating floor” structures as a substrate.

Modern industry provides huge selection insulating substrates:

• Staple fiberglass. The material belongs to the class of durable, has high index reduction of impact noise level - 42 dB, non-flammable. This category includes material such as “Noise Stop - C2”.
• Polymer-bitumen membrane. The base is a soundproofing layer made of non-woven polyethylene, on the surface of which a coating of bitumen with plasticizers-polymers is applied, fiberglass reinforced. The material is resistant to decomposition and rotting, vapor permeable, and has an impact noise reduction index of 26-39 dB (depending on thickness). Flammability group – G2. A striking example is FonoStop Duo and Isolontape.
• Glass felt canvas with one-sided bitumen impregnation. Designed for long service life, waterproof and fire resistant material. The noise reduction index is within 23-29 dB. This variety includes fiberglass of the “Shumanet” brand, as well as “Isofon-super”.

• Extruded polystyrene foam. This is a durable material (designed for 50 years), which has a noise reduction index of 25 dB, is characterized by low water absorption and high compression resistance, the disadvantage is the high fire hazard index - G1. These are brands such as “Fombord”, “Penoplex”, “TISplex” slabs, etc.
• Composite This material consists of three layers: between layers of polyethylene or aluminum film there are polystyrene foam granules. The peculiarity of the composite is that the bottom film has the ability to allow moisture to pass into the internal space, from where it is discharged through expansion joints. Thus, the space is ventilated. The service life is 20 years, the noise reduction index is within 18-20 dB, the material is not flammable. These are brands such as Tuplex, TermoZvukoIzol, Vibrofilter.
• Cork rubber backing. These are mats made of rubber granules and cork crumbs. The material has average fire safety (combustion class B2), but can contribute to the appearance of mold in structures, and therefore requires additional waterproofing. Noise reduction index – from 18 to 21 dB. These are materials such as UZIN RR 188, “Utsin RR 188”, Ibola.

• Cork backing. The material, which is produced from pressed cork chips, is not susceptible to rotting and fungus, and its service life reaches 40 years. Allows you to reduce impact noise by 12 dB. An example is the rolled material Cork Roll, Corksribas, Ipocork plates, etc.
• Polyester foam. The material is made of synthetic fiber, impregnated on both sides with a reinforcing fiberglass composition, has high vapor permeability, allowing surfaces to “breathe”, the sound insulation index is 8-10 dB. Flammable (class G2).
• Polyethylene foam ( foamed polyethylene). There are non-crosslinked polyethylene foam, which has the least soundproofing effect; physically cross-linked and chemically cross-linked, the sound insulation quality of the latter type is the highest. The material has a high flammability class - G2, is destroyed when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, sags under prolonged loads, and is not resistant to mold. The sound insulation index varies from 12 to 15 dB. These are brands such as “Isopenol”, “Plenex”, “Izolon” ​​and many others.
• Tecsound. Thin synthetic material with elastic polymer based, used to isolate two types of noise: airborne and vibration (shock). It is a self-extinguishing and moisture-resistant material, has a sound insulation index of 25-30 dB. Effective in suppressing noise from metal roofing.

It is also worth considering materials that dampen impact noise and are used for installing acoustic ceilings:

• Perforated sound-absorbing Knauf plates. This is a plasterboard-based material, on one side having a synthetic fabric backing with resonator holes. Thickness 8.5 mm, fire hazard class - NG. As test tests show, these plates are designed to absorb low-frequency waves.
• Ecofon slabs, which are a “sandwich” of high-strength fiberglass, additionally reinforced with a textile mesh. Available in thicknesses from 15 to 40 mm, non-flammable.

In the case where the main concern is airborne noise, it is worthwhile to identify gaps and cracks in the wall structure and eliminate them. If, having ensured the maximum possible tightness of the existing wall, it is not possible to achieve the desired effect, it is necessary to create additional sound insulation.

Modern noise-absorbing materials:

• Mineral (basalt) wool. This material is the result of melting rocks of the basalt group, metallurgical slag, and their mixtures. Available in the form of slabs (mats). Having a fibrous structure and short fiber length (15 mm), mineral wool provides a high absorption coefficient of sound waves - from 0.87 to 0.95; has good vapor permeability and is classified as a non-flammable, inert and biologically passive building material. The most popular brands are: Rockwool “Acoustic Butts”, “Shumanet”, “Izolight”, “Basaltin”, “TermozvukoIzol”.

• Glass wool. Fiberglass based material ( the average size fibers is 50 mm), having a sound absorption coefficient from 0.85 to 1 (for the Knauf “Insulation” acoustic partition, which is distinguished by a special combination of fiber lengths). Available in the form of slabs, it is non-flammable, vapor permeable, biologically and chemically inert. Compared to mineral wool, glass wool has less weight. In the Russian Federation, such varieties as “Knauf Insulation”, Ursa “Pureone 34 PN”, Isover, etc. are presented.

• ZIPS(soundproofing sandwich panels). These are frameless systems that can be purchased ready-made, effective against all types of noise. The composition is usually the same: GVL + fiberglass (mineral wool) + attachment points to the wall. These systems have a high noise insulation index, which largely depends on the thickness of the structure (ZIPS can have sizes from 40 to 130 mm). When using a panel with a thickness of 70 mm, this is 10 dB. At the same time, the panel has a high sound absorption coefficient due to the presence of mineral wool or glass wool inside. The disadvantage is the significant weight, requiring partitions with high load-bearing capacity.

The next type of soundproofing materials are those that “work” against the spread of structural noise. They are gaskets or compositions used during the installation of adjacent structures: ZIPS systems, wooden or “floating floors”, frame partitions and facings. Among them:

• Fiberglass. Manufactured from superfine fiber in the form of strips of various widths. It has a high impact noise reduction index - 29 dB. An example would be a material such as “Vibrostek M” or “Vibrostek V300”, as well as stitched fiberglass mats “MTP-AS-30/50”.
• Vibroacoustic sealant. Most often it has a silicone base and can be either non-hardening or hardening. It has excellent adhesion to all types of building materials, and when filling joints it reduces the spread of structural noise. The following brands are most familiar to domestic buyers: Green Glue, Vibrosil, Bostik 3070, Silomer, as well as vibration-absorbing mastic.

• Self-adhesive elastomeric gaskets for doors and windows. They are produced from porous rubber, microporous polyurethane, etc. in the form of plates or tapes, installed between structural elements and along the perimeter of openings to reduce vibration, and have a noise reduction index of 23 dB. As an example, we can name such brands as Varnamo, ArmaSound. Recently, similar materials have begun to be actively produced and Russian enterprises, for example, Obninsgazpolymer LLC.
• Silica fiber. This material is as fireproof as possible, while having a high noise insulation index of 27 dB. Available in mats and rolls. The most popular brands are: Vibrosil-K, Supersil, Ekowoo.

Scope of application

The properties of noise-insulating materials have the widest range of applications. Most of them are used not only for their intended purpose, but at the same time as insulation. Basically, this applies to all types of mineral wool, glass wool, fiberglass, polyester foam, sandwich panels and cork substrates.

How exactly to use this or that soundproofing material so that it “works” as fully as possible should be decided by a professional who is able to competently evaluate acoustic features and problems of a specific premises. Perhaps the room needs a sound-absorbing floor covering to avoid conflicts with neighbors below, or the walls need to be completely insulated when installing a home theater. It may be necessary to protect the bedroom from noise coming from the street.

Therefore, it is recommended to seek advice from a construction and repair company dealing with sound insulation issues in professional level, because it is easier to pay for the services of a competent expert assessment than to invest in repairs without confidence in the final result.

The greatest effect can be obtained by integrating this or that material into building structures directly during the construction of buildings, the construction of floors, walls and partitions:

• when laying mineral wool slabs into the cavity of partitions;
• by installing plates or strip gaskets between elements of building structures to absorb structural noise;
• when installing soundproofing panels on the surface of walls and then plastering them;
• when installing “floating floors”, at the base of which there is soundproofing material, followed by installation of reinforced cement-sand screed.

To improve sound insulation in already built premises, the following methods are used:

• Creating a soundproofing layer on the surface interfloor ceilings by placing mats of mineral wool (glass wool), covered with either a cement or prefabricated screed.
• Installation of soundproof frame structures, consisting of alternating gypsum plasterboard, mineral wool or glass wool slabs, as well as a superdiffusion membrane (if necessary), damper tape and vibroacoustic sealant.

• Placement of soundproofing sandwich panels on the walls. These are frameless systems that are sold ready-made. They usually consist of gypsum fiber board sheets, between which there is fiberglass (mineral wool) and mounted units for fastening to load-bearing walls. The structure is sealed using damper gaskets and sealant.
• Arrangement of “acoustic ceilings”, which are mounted on a frame made of galvanized metal profiles. The structure consists of sheets of plasterboard and mineral wool slabs and is fixed on vibration-isolating hangers. For sealing, gaskets are used in combination with vibration sealant. It is also worth considering the possibility of installing suspended ceilings with a soundproofing effect.
• Installation of a “ventilated facade”, which is carried out on the outer wall of the building and also performs a heat-saving function.

How to choose?

The choice of any building material must be approached rationally. This fully applies to sound-absorbing materials, the properties of which must best correspond to the tasks that need to be solved. At the same time, it is desirable that the cost of the work does not unnecessarily “strain” the wallet of the apartment owner.

When arranging sound insulation, you should either trust a time-tested (and reviews of friends) repair company, or study the issue yourself or follow the recommendations of sales consultants. You can save money with each of these options.

Advantages of hiring a construction and renovation company:

• an assessment of the problem and ways to eliminate it is carried out by a repair specialist (foreman), who recommends certain soundproofing materials;
• serious repair companies provide a guarantee for the work performed (usually 3 years), so they offer materials and technologies in which they are confident;
• when contacting the company at a time of year that is not considered a construction season (late autumn, winter, early spring), the customer is offered a discount on the cost of work;
• Large companies usually have trusted suppliers who often sell materials to customers at a discount.

pros independent choice materials and work:

• in the process of studying the issue, useful knowledge is acquired that can be useful in the future;
• the buyer saves a significant amount on workers' compensation;
• You can spend the savings on using more expensive soundproofing materials.

When analyzing the noise problem yourself, it is worth finding out what its nature is and whether the noise is airborne or impact.

These types of noise can be eliminated in almost any room and at any stage of repair/construction, in contrast to structural noise, which must be insulated at the stage of building construction.

Most often, both types of noise are present in residential areas. For example, in the apartment below there is an office, whose visitors are constantly slamming doors and talking. In this case, we can talk about the combination of all three types of noise, which can be extinguished using floor soundproofing, which includes the use of two types of material - noise-absorbing and noise-repellent, with the obligatory use of damper pads, which can partially dampen structural noise. This involves the installation of acoustic “floating floors” with at least a 100 mm layer of mineral wool at the base and a mandatory powerful screed on the surface.

Soundproofing "cardboard" walls is usually required to protect against airborne noise. This issue is resolved through the use of frame or frameless systems made of gypsum plasterboard and mineral wool, the thickness of which is greater, the stronger the sounds that disturb residents. In the case where music is heard from behind the walls, a noise-repellent material should be added to the design, for example, extruded polystyrene foam or staple fiberglass.

You can also enhance the effect by increasing the layers of gypsum plasterboard. In the case of using factory-produced ZIPS, it is necessary to select a brand with high noise-repellent characteristics. Such structures have significant weight, so you need to make sure in advance that the walls are able to withstand such a load.

For wooden house materials are used that have the lowest flammability class (NG), resist the appearance of mold and mildew, are resistant to rodent attacks and, of course, are vapor permeable.

How to do it yourself?

It is necessary to understand that the mere acquisition of even the best soundproofing materials will not ensure silence in the room if the technology for their installation is violated. Achieving this goal will require proper installation, which can be provided by acoustic professionals. If for some reason it is impossible to contact a construction company, you should carefully study the recommendations in order to carry out soundproofing work yourself. Using improvised means as an insulating material will most likely not give the desired result.

For correct installation Soundproofing cladding requires exactly those materials that are provided by the technology.

Necessary materials:

• guide and rack galvanized profile, which can be replaced by wooden blocks;
• suspensions (preferably the use of vibration suspensions);
• self-tapping screws, which for better sound insulation of structural noise should be equipped with rubber washers;
• damper pads in the form of a tape;
• vibroacoustic sealant;
• gypsum plasterboard or gypsum plasterboard sheets with a thickness of 12.5 mm;
• fiber boards: mineral wool, glass wool, 50 mm thick.

Soundproofing walls “at a distance” will take up from 50 to 120 mm of free space, which will have to be sacrificed in order to obtain acoustic comfort.

The sequence of work on the installation of soundproof frame-sheathing partition structures:

• Installation of a spacer (damper) tape with a thickness of at least 4 mm along the contour of the mounted partitions. The gaskets are glued to the walls, floor and ceiling using sealant.
• The frame is installed level, the guide profiles are placed at a distance of at least 10 mm from the surface of the insulated walls.
• Rack profiles are mounted in increments of 600 mm, their length should be 10 mm less than the height of the room.
• Vertical racks intended for a doorway must be strengthened by means of a locking connection between two elements of the rack profile; It is possible to use wooden blocks for these purposes.

• The internal space in the rack profiles is filled with mineral wool or glass wool slabs, and the slabs must be inserted as tightly as possible to avoid gaps.
• The frame is sheathed with gypsum board sheets in increments of 500 mm. In the case when 2 or 3 layers of sheathing are installed, it is recommended to choose a more load-resistant gypsum fiber sheet for the primary layer. Finish lining mounted in increments of 200-250 mm.
• A technological gap is left between the sheathing sheets and the ceiling/floor, which is filled with vibration sealant.
• The excess damper tape is trimmed flush with the finishing layer of gypsum board sheets.
• When installing the door, the joints between the frame and the door frame are filled with sealant, on the surface of the frame in places of contact with door leaf sealing tape must be installed.

Soundproofing the ceiling requires sufficient height in the room, since the structure occupies approximately 120 mm of the height of the room. Stages of work:

• Damper tape is glued to the surface of the walls adjacent to the ceiling.
• A guide profile is temporarily fixed along the perimeter of the walls with dowels and nails.
• Vibration-isolating suspensions are attached to the ceiling surface, the pitch is 800-900 mm. There should be no more than 150 mm from the wall to the first hanger.
• The supporting frame profiles are fixed to the hangers, the distance between which should not exceed 600 mm.
• Secondary profiles are mounted on the first-level profiles, ensuring the presence of an air gap between the floor slabs and the insulating material.
• The dowel-nails that held the guide profile are removed (this is done to avoid the appearance of noise bridges).

• Sound-absorbing plates are installed in the frame.
• The first layer of ceiling cladding is made, using gypsum fiber board sheets 10 mm thick.
• The seams between the sheets are filled with vibroacoustic sealant.
• A second layer of sheathing is installed using gypsum plasterboard, which is mounted with joints spaced apart.
• Excess damper tape is trimmed with a construction knife, and the seams are filled with sealant.

When installing floor sound insulation, several various technologies depending on the materials used. The most popular technologies are “floating floors” Rockwool and the method of the Acoustic Group company, based on the use of “Shumostop” slabs.

Soundproofing of the floor (according to the “Noise Stop” system):

• The surface of the floors is being prepared: unevenness is smoothed out, construction garbage, adjacent communications are insulated using elastic gaskets or tape.
• Soundproofing slab material of the “Shumostop” brand is laid along the perimeter of the walls to prevent the leveling screed from coming into contact with the enclosing structures. The height of the edge should slightly exceed the thickness of the screed. It is permissible to use a damper tape to minimize the thickness of the seam between the screed and the wall.
• A layer of denser material is laid around the perimeter of the room - this is “Noise Stop K2”.
• The floor surface is covered with the main working material - “Shumostop C2”. Laying is done as tightly as possible, without cracks or gaps.

• The surface is covered with reinforced polyethylene film, which is also raised along the wall to the height of the edge. The joints are overlapped and taped.
• A solution of sand-concrete mixture of a grade not lower than M-300 is laid out on the film, which is then reinforced reinforcement mesh(fragments of the mesh must be fixed to each other).
• Filled on top of the mesh concrete mortar, which is leveled using a plaster rule.
• After the screed gains strength (on average, it takes 28 days to dry), the edge layer of the film and the damper strip are trimmed to the level of the screed.
• The resulting seam between the wall and the screed is filled with vibroacoustic sealant.

There is no point in taking such statements at their word, and it is even more unreasonable to test fashionable innovations from your own experience, since the cost of such soundproofing materials is usually quite high.

• If the size of the room allows, then it is better to use a frame soundproofing system as it has the largest number of positive reviews.
• In the case when frame-sheathing partitions are being built in a room, you can also worry about soundproofing equipment in advance: in this case, mineral wool slabs are mounted inside the partition and do not take up additional space.
• In cases where it is necessary to save as much space or height as possible in a room, it is worth using ultra-thin materials from trusted manufacturers, for example, Rockwoll “Acoustic Butts Ultra-thin” or ultra-thin ZIPS sandwich panels.

• ​​When carrying out work, it is necessary to achieve maximum tightness of structures, which will prevent both the appearance of sound bridges and the entry of the smallest dust particles of mineral wool or fiberglass into the respiratory system.
• To fix vibration suspensions to the ceiling, it is advisable to use a special type of fastener - a wedge anchor with a plastic attachment.
• When connecting communications, they must be tied with sealing tape in order to avoid the preservation of so-called “sound bridges”.
• IN wooden buildings It is not recommended to erect soundproofing partitions earlier than a year after the construction of the building. This is due to the process of primary shrinkage of the house, during which it is impractical to carry out work.

When purchasing materials through online stores, you should not rely on the rating; it is better to compare the characteristics given in the tables that are present on the pages of all major trading platforms.

Noise is a collection of sounds in a chaotic order, and, like any chaos, it negatively affects people. To protect against extraneous sounds, people use various materials, focusing only on prices and advice from friends, but in this matter it is much more important to calculate the sound insulation index of the materials.

Why noise is dangerous - the Ministry of Health warns

The immediate proximity of the house to the highway, noisy enterprises or living in panel house sometimes leaves the imprint of constant fatigue on people. We get so used to noise that we don’t take it into account at all when looking for the causes of insomnia, irritation, and frayed nerves. However, it is chaotic sound waves that are often the cause. The fact is that the optimal noise level, measured in decibels (DB), should not exceed 40 dB during the day, and 30 dB at night. What we usually call silence has a completely measurable level of 25 dB.

This is the most optimal value for our body, and if it is less, another uncomfortable sensation will arise - a feeling of ringing silence.

A person can tolerate a noise level of up to 60 dB calmly for some time, but if the sound increases and continues long time, a person may experience an attack of hysteria, or at least become very irritable. It was not for nothing that in ancient times besieging troops created loud noise around a fortress or castle both day and night - one could endure the lack of food, share water and fight to the last drop of blood, but after several days of lack of sleep and exposure to noise, the people under siege were ready anything to stop this torture by sound.

That is why, before moving to new apartment, it is worth empirically determining the sound insulation coefficient of rooms and, if necessary, protecting yourself from extraneous sounds. Fortunately, there are a great many materials that can implement this task; you just need to approach the issue competently and take into account all the features of the propagation of sound waves.

Soundproofing and sound absorption - acoustic Yin and Yang

Only a combination of two materials that are different in their nature of interaction with sound can truly create a reliable barrier to noise. Thus, sound insulation is a characteristic of materials that affects their ability to reflect sound, preventing it from passing through a wall or partition. IN building structure Soundproofing abilities are influenced primarily by mass. For example, the thicker the wall, the more difficult it is for sound vibrations to overcome such a barrier.

To indicate this quality the index (erroneously called coefficient) of sound insulation (RW) is used, measured in decibels– index glass partitions, timber, brick partition, concrete and other materials indicates what level of noise they can reflect. Soundproofing materials directly include dense, massive materials - brick, plasterboard, MDF boards, concrete.

The opposite of soundproofing is sound absorption. Materials that have this quality, instead of reflecting noise, absorb it. To do this, their structure must be heterogeneous - cellular, fibrous, granular. To measure this parameter, a sound absorption coefficient was introduced, which is measured in the range from 0 to 1. At a zero value, sound should be completely reflected, and the closer the parameter is to unity, the more sound absorption increases. However, such materials do not yet exist - the maximum sound absorption value reaches 0.95.

Sound-absorbing products are divided into three categories according to the degree of rigidity:

• Soft - materials that have a pronounced fibrous structure, with randomly located fibers. Cotton wool, felt, glass and basalt wool- the most striking examples. Their sound absorption coefficient is the highest - from 0.7 to 0.95, with a small volumetric mass - up to 80 kg/m 3. To achieve a good effect, the thickness of the layer of such materials should reach at least 10 cm.
• Semi-rigid - slabs with a fibrous or cellular structure. Such materials are mainly made from the same mineral wool or foamed polymers. Their volumetric mass is an order of magnitude higher than soft sound absorbers - up to 130 kg/m 3, with a sound absorption coefficient from 0.5 to 0.8.
• Solid - products made from granulated or suspended mineral wool, porous aggregates such as pumice and vermiculite. Their mass is the highest - up to 400 kg/m 3, the sound absorption coefficient on average fluctuates around 0.5.

Sound insulation index in action - how to get rid of noise?

For private houses and apartments, the most beneficial would be the use of soft sound absorbers - they have the highest absorption coefficient, and the degree of sound insulation is ensured using building materials such as plasterboard or MDF boards. In addition, this design will also insulate the room very well.

Acoustics experts unanimously insist that there is no such thing as soundproofing materials. There is a concept called “soundproofing structures”. The point is that the use of any one product will not give the desired effect. The point is the nature of sound - a loud conversation or TV sounds are transmitted through the air, that is, they form airborne noise. Impact directly on walls, floors and ceilings (moving furniture, stomping, falling heavy objects) is impact noise.

Both types can be converted into structural noise - if the structures of the house are connected to each other without soundproofing gaskets. Fibrous materials cope best with airborne noise; cellular or porous materials are used against impact noise, but the only way to escape from structural noise in the event of violation of technical construction standards is by overhauling the entire house.

Sound insulation of airborne and impact noise - examples

The main characteristic for materials that insulate against airborne noise is the sound insulation index. In order for you to get rid of neighborly conversations, this figure must reach at least 50 dB. If during the construction of a house this problem can be solved by increasing the thickness of the structures or using ready-made blocks, then in an apartment where every centimeter counts, this method is completely irrelevant.

An acceptable option is a combination different materials in a multilayer structure, alternating soft and hard products with varying degrees of density. Drywall can be rigid; it will be responsible for sound insulation. Soft materials, like glass wool or mineral wool, will take on sound absorption. The effective thickness of cotton products in such designs is at least 5 cm and at least 50% of internal space designs.

Increasing the sound insulation index of the floor is possible by arranging acoustic ceiling. Since the height of most rooms is already small, manufacturers and consumers try to save as many centimeters as possible. Semi-rigid and rigid in this case will help create the first layer of sound insulation, the second can be plasterboard or a suspended ceiling. The suspended ceiling membrane itself has a good degree of sound insulation, but it is even better to purchase special acoustic stretch ceiling, which have a multi-layer perforated structure that perfectly reflects sound.

Porous materials stop the sound waves of impact noise. Their elastic structure repels sound vibrations, causing them to lose strength. One of the striking examples of such elastic materials is sheets of technical cork and polyethylene foam. Most often, they are used when installing floating floors, underlays for laminate and parquet, and when sealing joints.

When performing sound insulation, you should take into account the thickness of the floors - if slabs with a thickness of at least 200 mm are used in luxury housing, then they are much thinner. In the first case, it is enough to lay a layer of technical cork on the floor with a sound insulation index of 25 dB; in the second case, you will have to make a multi-layer structure using cotton and semi-rigid materials.

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