How to saturate the foundation from moisture. Reliable waterproofing of the foundation with your own hands

Water destroys the building structures, rendering them unusable and reducing their service life. This is especially true for the underground part of the house, which is exposed to several types of moisture at once. Outside, rain and melt water have a destructive effect on it, and in the soil, groundwater causes trouble, the level of which can vary depending on the season. Waterproofing methods for the foundation of a building depend on its type and method of manufacture (installation of tape, slab, pillars or piles).

How does moisture affect

Ways in which water can lead to destruction concrete foundation some:

Washing out of particles from the structure, formation of irregularities and potholes due to aggressive components in rain or groundwater.
Destruction when water penetrates into the body of the foundation and freezes there. The fact is that water is the only substance on the planet that, when entering a frozen state, expands and does not decrease in volume. Getting into the capillaries, it puts strong pressure on the foundation from the inside, which leads to the appearance of cracks and crevices.

That is why waterproofing the foundation is important and should be carried out immediately after the construction of the structure.

Types of moisture protection by location

In general, the foundation waterproofing device is divided into three groups:

horizontal;
vertical;
blind area device.

Depending on the type of base, several methods can be used simultaneously.

Combined moisture protection

Horizontal is designed to prevent moisture from penetrating between different levels. It can be made of various materials. Provided for all types of foundations (strip, slab, pillars, piles).

Vertical is needed so that groundwater cannot influence the foundation. Not all types of grounds require such protection. Required only for strip and column supports of the house. Horizontal protection is provided for all types (strip, slab or free-standing supports).

The blind area protects the base from the penetration of rainwater and melted snow in the spring. Here the width of the structure is essential. If it is insufficient, the moisture will be removed a short distance and will be able to reach the foundation. This type of protection reduces the load on all others, allowing them to increase their service life.

Vertical and horizontal insulation

Waterproofing with roll material

Foundation waterproofing can be done using different means protection. Separately, it is worth considering vertical and horizontal types and the design of the blind area, since the materials in these cases will vary quite significantly.

Protection of the recessed part of the building with vertical and horizontal insulation suggests that materials can be used in the following ways:

pasting;
coating;
penetrating;
plastering;
injection;
mounted;
structural (additives to concrete).

It is worth separately understanding what material to use in each case.

Pasting

This design protection is carried out using roll options on bitumen binder. Fused or bonded material may be used. Fused types imply the presence of an adhesive layer, which is heated at high temperatures and adheres to the surface. To attach insulation to the base without an adhesive layer, you will need to use bitumen mastic as a connecting substance.

Pasting materials include:

The use of roofing felt is the most common method

roofing felt(the material is outdated and it is not recommended to use it to protect critical house structures, but it is worth noting its low cost);
glassine(waterproofing the foundation based on thick thick cardboard, which is impregnated with bitumen binder, cannot be classified as a reliable and durable method, but it will allow significant savings);
roofing felt(remains the leader among roll insulation thanks to his affordable price, service life is quite short);
polymer materials impregnated with bitumen, fiberglass or polyester base(here we can give as an example the following common options for protecting the walls and foundations of a house from moisture: “Linokrom”, “Gidroizol”, “TechnoNIKOL”, “Stekloizol”, “Bikrost”, etc.).

The last group is the most reliable option, but the price of such material can be quite high.

But here it is worth taking into account their long service life, which will reduce the frequency of repairs. To the advantages pasting method It can be attributed to the fact that it can be provided for various surfaces:

concrete;
tree;
metal;
asphalt concrete;
old waterproofing coating (during repairs).

Coating insulation

In this case, waterproofing the foundation is most often performed using bitumen mastics. To protect the buried part of the building and the walls of the house, one-component and two-component compounds are used. In addition to bitumen on the market building materials Now you can find more reliable and modern options:

polymer resins;
bitumen-polymer resins;
bitumen-rubber mastics.

Unlike regular bitumen, which cracks at low temperatures, these mixtures with additional additives are resistant to cold. The disadvantage is more modern options becomes their price, which cannot compete with conventional bitumen-based mastic. The latter is best used to protect house structures in deep locations groundwater.

Penetrating insulation

Waterproofing the foundation in this way prevents moisture from entering the concrete capillaries. This increases the strength of the surface layer of concrete. Waterproofing strip foundation This method is often carried out using an additional coating or pasting layer.

On average, the penetration depth is 15-25 cm, but some materials can go as deep as 90 cm. It is important to note that such methods are only suitable for concrete. They are useless when used on brick and stone.

The most common compositions for this steel processing method are:

"Penetron";
"Peneplug";
"Hydrohit";
"Penecritus."
"Osmosed."

Protecting the concrete base from moisture

The technology of protecting the foundations and walls of a house in this way implies a thoroughly cleaned, degreased and level base, therefore it is recommended for use on new buildings.

Paint and plaster insulation

Do-it-yourself foundation waterproofing using painting and plastering compounds is not durable or reliable. If possible, it is better to give preference to other methods of protecting the foundations and walls of a house, since the average service life of such materials is 5 years.

Injection insulation

Technique of insertion into the base polyurethane resin

This option is suitable for repairing a foundation that has already been put into operation. The technology allows you to protect the foundation without performing soil excavation work. Injectors are inserted into the supports and deliver an insulating substance. Can be used as raw materials following materials:

foam;
resins;
acrylate gels;
rubber;
cement-containing mixtures;
polymer compositions.

Mounted insulation

Waterproofing the foundation in this way allows you to most effectively deal with high level groundwater and its high pressure. It is mainly used for strip foundations when it is necessary to protect an underground room.

The most reliable method of installed waterproofing can be called a steel caisson. In this case, the structure of the walls and floor of the basement is sheathed from the inside with sheets of steel 4-6 mm thick. The option is very expensive, so it is extremely rarely used.

Sometimes they build outside brick walls, but this method is in most cases used in conjunction with the pasting or coating option. Brick is more likely not to protect the foundation from moisture, but to protect waterproofing from mechanical damage.

Blind area device

Do-it-yourself foundation waterproofing in this case involves using the following blind area materials to protect the structure from the outside from atmospheric moisture:

Making a blind area

concrete;
asphalt concrete;
clay;
paving slabs;
diffusion membranes.

The choice of method for making a blind area depends on the preferences of the future owner of the house, architectural solution and availability of materials. The cheapest option for a blind area would be to lay it out of concrete or asphalt. This option does not have an attractive appearance, but it allows you to protect the foundation without much labor. In addition, savings are achieved on raw materials for manufacturing. The construction of a blind area made of concrete or asphalt is popular in the mass construction of multi-apartment buildings. residential buildings and administrative and public buildings.

Waterproofing technology depending on the type of foundation

Each type of building support requires certain protection options. Before waterproofing the foundation, you need to find out what is required for the full range of measures.

Strip foundation protection

Waterproofing of strip foundations differs for monolithic and prefabricated versions. First, let's look at the prefabricated version. To prevent damage to the underground walls of the house and flooding of the basement, the following measures will be required:

installation of a reinforced seam between factory-made foundation slabs and concrete blocks of the basement walls;
styling roll material in the first seam between the blocks, which is located below the basement floor level;
the rolled material is mounted along the edge of the foundation at the junction of the walls and the supporting structure;
vertical insulation of the underground part of the tape from the outside;
blind area device.

Protection strip base

It is important to note that at the junction of foundation slabs and concrete blocks, materials based on bitumen binder cannot be laid. This can lead to displacement of elements relative to each other. Here, only a thickened concrete joint is suitable. Insulation along the edge of the foundation is necessary so that different moisture content of the material of the supporting parts of the building and wall fences does not lead to destruction. For horizontal insulation, pasting methods are used.

Vertical insulation is best done from the outside, since this will not only protect the room, but also the load-bearing elements. During new construction, walls can be treated with pasting or coating materials. Repair work is being carried out from the inside. In this case, the penetrating or injection type is used.

If you need to carry out a set of waterproofing works for a monolithic tape, then it is worth considering the following measures:

vertical insulation;
waterproofing along the edge of the foundation;
blind area device.

Materials are selected in the same way as for the prefabricated version.

Protection of columnar and pile foundations

A simple method of moisture protection

The simplest type of moisture protection is used here. You only need to make insulation along the edge of the foundation. Its location depends on the material of the grillage. If the piping is made of the same material as the foundation, then the roll materials are laid at the point of contact between the grillage and the walls. You may want to consider another option. For example, wooden house rests on metal piles. In this case, the grillage will serve lower crown walls, so the insulating layer is laid on the heads of the supporting elements.

Foundation slab protection

To protect against moisture, the following measures will need to be taken:

concrete preparation from lean concrete to protect the slab from underground water and leveling the base;
waterproofing for concrete preparation;
protection from external moisture.

Waterproofing of the foundation slab

To produce the second layer when constructing a slab, roll methods are used. It's best to stop at modern materials, since after pouring the slab it is almost impossible to monitor the condition of such insulation or carry out repairs. For small buildings with a low degree of responsibility and low water saturation of the soil, polyethylene film is often used.

To protect the slab from moisture that may enter from above, it must be treated with penetrating compounds. Sometimes in private housing construction they resort to using the following method: a solution for penetrating insulation is introduced into the concrete composition.

Also, after pouring the slab, it will be necessary to provide for the laying of rolled material in places where the walls support.

Before you properly waterproof the foundation (slab strips, piles, pillars), you need to carefully study the issue. It is important to use high-quality materials. If you save at this stage of construction, you can spend a large number of funds for repairs during operation.

If the question of how to treat the foundation base from moisture is being decided, different types of materials for vertical and horizontal protection are considered. They differ in structure and properties. Waterproofing is carried out on the external and internal walls of the base of the house. In each case we use different technologies protection of the structure.

Using moisture-resistant materials, the strength of the foundation of the house increases. To improve the properties of the foundation, it is recommended to coat the internal and external surfaces. External walls the bases of the object are more susceptible negative impact precipitation. For this reason it should Special attention devote to these areas of the foundation. Vertical insulation is installed on the outer walls. The base is protected from moisture using different types of materials:

coating materials: bitumen mastics, polymer compositions, cement-based mixtures (combined);
coloring (waterproofing paints) - applied on top of a plastered wall, which means that other types of insulation must be laid inside the structure (between the foundation and the plaster layer);
lining: roofing felt, roofing felt.

Only rolled materials are used as horizontal waterproofing. This is due to the fact that coating analogues are not strong enough. Horizontal moisture-resistant coatings are used to protect residential premises from moisture penetrating from below: they are laid on areas between the foundation and the external surface ground floor. Such work is part of building a facility from scratch. If the building is already ready, it will not be possible to install horizontal insulation.

Installation of moisture-resistant material outside the base of the house in most cases is carried out during the construction stage. However, if such a need arises, you can isolate the foundation according to outside. For this purpose, a layer of plaster is removed, the rough surface is restored and waterproofing is installed, after which fine finishing. At the same time, a drainage system is being installed around the perimeter of the foundation.

Internal waterproofing can be performed both at the stage of constructing a facility from scratch, and after completion of construction, during repair work. In this case they use different types materials: roll, coating. Considering that indoors the negative influence of moisture and mechanical load is less intense, it is permissible to use coating insulation.

Penetrating waterproofing

This type of composition protects concrete structures from destruction. It is used at different stages of construction: during the construction of the foundation, as well as in cases where it is planned to produce renovation work to restore the foundation of the facility. Protection of the walls of the basement of the house is ensured by applying solutions with penetrating ability. At the same time, the process of modifying the properties of the processed material is activated.

Such formulations contain chemical additives. After they are applied to the surface, a moisture-protective layer is formed not outside, but inside the foundation. These solutions are capable of penetrating to a depth of 12 cm relative to outer surface bases where the active substances crystallize, closing the pores. As a result, concrete loses its adsorbing ability and becomes water-repellent.

Penetrating compounds have many positive qualities:

the treated surface of the foundation does not lose its ability to “breathe”;
increased resistance to low temperatures;
it is permissible to apply the solution to a wet structure;
there is no need to pre-level the foundation;
the foundation of the house is strengthened, since the reinforcing frame inside it is not subject to corrosion.

Concrete acquires the property of water resistance after treating the entire surface or point injection (injection) into cracks or other leaks in the foundation structure. However, penetrating compounds should not be used as the primary measure. They are highly effective only when combined with the use of other types of insulation. Thus, it is permissible to simultaneously use coating and pasting materials.

This type of coverage has limitations. Thus, penetrating compounds cannot be used to treat porous materials (foam and aerated concrete), since they are characterized by a larger pore size than classic concrete. The considered waterproofing option is not recommended to be applied to brick walls. In this case, it may be ineffective. Penetrating insulation is not used to protect the foundation, which is built from concrete blocks (joints are weak points).

Rolled adhesive waterproofing

Types of materials: bitumen-based, polymer compositions, synthetic coatings. Installation work is carried out according to a similar principle in each case: first, insulation is laid, the strips are laid overlapping, and coating insulation is used to fasten it to the surface. This increases the reliability of the coating.

If it is necessary to protect the foundation from the negative influence of groundwater, it is recommended to use the option of installing a multilayer coating. First, the concrete is treated with a penetrating compound. After this, using liquid insulation roll material is attached. The steps are repeated several more times. For a foundation, applying 4-5 layers of waterproofing is considered sufficient. This amount is enough to ensure the strength of the coating.

Coating waterproofing

Cement-polymer, bitumen and polymer-bitumen mixtures are popular. They are used to treat the base of the house inside and out. However, there are some restrictions on use. Thus, on the outside of the foundation, it is preferable to use cement-based compositions with polymer additives. They are durable, moisture resistant, and not susceptible to negative factors.

Bitumen and polymer-bitumen mastics are recommended to be used together with other types of materials if you plan to apply them outside foundation. Such mixtures are inferior to analogues in strength and resistance to mechanical damage. Bituminous mastics are more often used inside. Before applying waterproofing of this type, the surface is prepared, cleaned, and primed.

How to protect a brick plinth from moisture?

If you plan to finish the foundation with brick, you should consider purchasing a more expensive material. Thus, there is a brick with improved characteristics - treated with impregnations that increase its strength and moisture resistance. However, you should be aware that this material requires additional protection in the form waterproofing coating, if the question of how to protect the base from moisture is being resolved.

The surface is cleaned and primed. Then coating insulation (any type of it) is applied. Rolled material is laid on top, roofing felt is often used. Then the actions are repeated 3-4 more times. In total, there should be up to 5 layers of insulation on the surface of the foundation.

The plinth protects the walls of the building from the penetration of ground moisture into them and, as a result, their destruction. But what will the base itself protect? Of course, this is done correctly finishing the basement of the house , which only secondarily performs decorative functions, and firstly a protective role. It is this issue that we will deal with in the current article, in which, together with the website stroisovety.org, we will look in detail at how to properly veneer the base of a building so that it is completely protected from aggressive influences environment and also had an attractive appearance.

Finishing the basement of the house: how to do waterproofing

Oddly enough, but before proceeding directly finishing Houses , you need to execute it waterproofing . For what? The answer is still the same - protection from moisture, which can seep not only through the ground, but also through the seams facing material. In general, waterproofing the base should be done at the construction stage, but, as a rule, everything is limited to insulating only its underground part, which is mainly done with roofing felt or bitumen mastic. In essence, these materials interfere with further finishing the basement of the house , and they seem to be ignored, or at best released 10–15 cm above ground level. In principle, this is quite enough to protect the foundation from destruction, but not the base of the building.

Finishing the basement of the house do-it-yourself stone photo

WITH waterproofing the basement of the house things are a little different - roofing felt, bitumen mastic and similar materials are not suitable here. Almost all materials for finishing the basement of the house require a different type of foundation - therefore, the requirements for waterproofing the basement of a building are slightly different.

As a rule, for waterproofing the basement of a house cement-based solutions are used - if we talk about the well-known trademark Ceresit, then its similar products are called: Ceresit CR 65 or Ceresit CR 66. There are also special waterproofing primers Ceresit CE 50 and mastics Ceresit CE 49, made on the basis epoxy resins. In general, there are no problems with these materials, and you can use any materials that you like in terms of price and quality.

If we talk about the technology for carrying out waterproofing work, then no problems should arise here either. Primers and mastics are applied with a paint brush - they are simply rubbed into a surface that has been previously cleaned of dust and dirt. And here cement mortars(like CR 65) is applied with a spatula - such protection is applied to the base of the building in two layers, each of which must dry completely. Moreover, each of the applied layers of waterproofing must be applied in different directions– if the first layer was applied from top to bottom, then the second should be laid from left to right. Unfortunately, this is the specificity of this material.

In general, direct finishing the basement of the house stone, tiles or any other material can only be done after the waterproofing has completely dried. In this regard, primers and mastics are more practical - not only are they applied in one layer, but they also dry faster. The base coated with a waterproofing primer or mastic can be finished the very next day decorative material– in the case of cement-based waterproofing, it will not be possible to continue work until after a couple of days.

How to waterproof the basement of a house photo

How to decorate the basement of a house: materials for finishing the protruding part of the foundation

Materials with which modern builders can perform finishing the basement of the house , quite a lot – these include natural and fake diamond, siding, special façade panels, tiles, clinker bricks, bassoon and even ordinary or decorative plaster. In principle, this list can go on and on, but there is little point in this - anyway, finishing the base with these materials is done almost identically.

By technology finishing the basement of the house all materials can be divided into two groups - those that require a frame for their installation and those that do not need it. TO frame materials can include all kinds of siding, fiber cement and other panels, the installation of which will require arranging metal carcass. If we talk about such materials in more detail and consider their installation technology, we can note one feature regarding the preliminary stage of waterproofing - here the choice of insulating materials is not limited. Bitumen, roofing felt, and similar materials are suitable.

The disadvantage of this option finishing the basement of the house is high price the materials themselves and the work associated with their installation. For example, fiber cement panels today are one of the most expensive materials, and its main advantage is durability.

Finishing the basement of the house photo

IN financially The most advantageous material for the plinth is all kinds of tiles, clinker bricks and stone of artificial or natural origin. The advantage of these materials is their fairly simple installation technology - for example, finishing the basement of the house artificial or even quite simply done independently. The same can be said about tiles and clinker bricks - knowing the technology of working with tile material, cover the foundation with any similar products will not be difficult.

Materials for finishing the basement of the house

Additional protection for the tiled base of the house

As they say, every cloud has a silver lining - having protected the base of the building, it is also necessary to protect the cladding itself from the ubiquitous moisture. No matter how funny it may seem, such a situation really takes place. The fact is that rain and melt water, flowing down the walls of the house, can flow and be absorbed into the solution or adhesive composition, with which the base was finished natural stone or anything else.

As a rule, either the same finishing material or special cornices made of painted galvanized steel are used as such protection. If you look at the quality of such protection, then it is better to give preference to galvanized steel - it is more reliable. If moisture can still seep into the seams between the finishing material, then in principle it is not able to penetrate under the cornices.

Cornice on the basement of a house photo

The cornices are attached as follows: first, a slot 1.5–2 cm deep is made in the wall to the width of the grinder disk, into which the bend of the cornice is inserted. After that, the cornice itself is attached to the wall with dowels, and the cut gap is sealed with sealant. If you correctly connect the individual cornices, then (or whatever you use for these purposes) will be reliably protected from rain and melt water.

In general, be that as it may, but finishing the basement of the house is a necessary construction measure that must be carried out in conjunction with other means of protecting the foundation (foundation drainage, waterproofing and installation of a drainage system).

How to protect concrete from moisture? In this article we are going to look at several popular solutions that are applicable both for waterproofing foundations and basements, and for protecting main walls from precipitation and seasonal humidity fluctuations.

Our goal is to give the concrete hydrophobic properties.

Classification

All waterproofing materials are divided into three main categories.

Useful: roll and coating materials are usually applied on the side of the foundation or enclosing structure on which excess static water pressure is present. Otherwise, there is always a risk of peeling off the protective layer and compromising its integrity. Penetrating waterproofing does not have this limitation.

Obviously, we are most interested in the last category of waterproofing. It is with her that we will get to know each other better.

Possible solutions

Ironing

The simplest and cheapest surface treatment (applying cement laitance to it). Cement penetrates into pores and microcracks, completely or partially clogging them. Of course, such waterproofing is not enough for the foundation; but the ironwork cement plaster facade will significantly reduce water absorption.

Liquid glass

If you add to cement-sand mortar sodium liquid glass (aqueous solution of Na2O(SiO2)) in a ratio of approximately 1:10, you will get moisture-resistant concrete with a very short (no more than half an hour) setting period. This recipe is often used to seal the seams of sewer and water wells, block foundations and cracks in basement floors.

The photo shows domestically produced sodium liquid glass.

Treatment with liquid glass is quite capable of reliably waterproofing the surface of the finished reinforced concrete product. Doing this work with your own hands is more than simple: the material diluted with water in a 1:1 ratio is applied to the concrete with a brush, roller or spray.

Hint: undiluted liquid glass, applied in one layer, penetrates concrete by an average of 2 millimeters. If the treatment is carried out with an aqueous solution and in several stages, the depth of impregnation will increase to 15-20 mm.

Water repellents

How to treat aerated concrete from moisture if it is used for construction external walls residential building?

In this case, hydrophobic primers will come to the rescue. silicone based. The instructions for their use are also extremely simple: the composition, ready for use or diluted with water in the concentration specified by the manufacturer, is applied to the surface of the facade in two or three layers without preliminary drying.

Protecting aerated concrete from moisture using a water-repellent solution solves several problems at once.

Let us clarify: silicone-based water repellents are intended not only for aerated concrete. They can process all porous materials: heavy concrete, limestone, plaster, etc.

The composition is applied to a dry base. A concrete moisture meter will help you assess the moisture level of a structure - it’s not difficult electrical device, measuring resistivity surface area.

Average price of water repellents Russian production is 150 rubles per kilogram. The only drawback of the solution is the limited adhesive properties of the facade after treatment: it can be painted only after six months.

Crystallizing compounds

Penetron, Crystallisol and their numerous analogues differ from the solutions listed above in their operating principle: simply put, they do not transport material to fill pores through capillaries from the surface, but create it on the spot ().

Chemical additives cause accelerated crystallization of calcium salts (the main component of Portland cement) upon contact with water. The crystals reliably fill the pores of concrete.

What is the result?

The most obvious result is the impossibility of moisture penetration into the thickness of concrete when external treatment designs. If the basement walls are treated with the same Penetron from the inside, groundwater will no longer find its way inside the room: the impregnation penetrates 40-60 centimeters into the concrete.
Of course, you can also forget about efflorescence and mold.. Moisture is necessary for their appearance.
Frost resistance of concrete increases by an average of 100 cycles. From a practical point of view, this means increasing the service life of capital walls by 150-200 years.
Finally, moisture impregnation for concrete increases its compressive strength: the absence of pores prevents the material from crumbling under load.

It is curious that Penetron and its analogues provide a kind of self-healing waterproofing. Where water begins to penetrate into the concrete through new cracks and pores, the growth of calcium salt crystals immediately resumes. What is especially pleasing is that waterproofing measures can be carried out with damp walls or foundations.

Where do new cracks come from? concrete structures? The main reasons are movements and frost heaving of soils, as well as installation work. For perforation technological holes and openings, shock vibration is destructive to concrete.

What to do?

In the first case, the problem is solved by enhanced reinforcement of structures. A foundation connected by reinforcement into a single rigid frame will not deform during any movement of the soil.
In the second - using less destructive methods of work. Thus, cutting reinforced concrete with diamond wheels, and cutting reinforcement with a gas cutter or a regular abrasive wheel, is much less destructive than using a jackhammer. Diamond drilling of holes in concrete is much more preferable than using a hammer drill.

Conclusion

As part of a short review, we have listed only a small part possible solutions. As always, the video in this article will offer the reader additional information ().

The foundation is the basis of residential and other buildings. Exposure to climatic factors and humidity leads to the destruction of the structure. Therefore, waterproofing is necessary to protect the foundation, but it is important to determine the type and know the features of treating the foundation.

Features and purpose of waterproofing

As a result of exposure to groundwater, rain or capillary water, the foundation gradually becomes thinner, its stability and reliability are compromised. This leads to deformation or destruction of the building, cracks form on the walls, and load-bearing elements lose strength. Drainage systems or blind areas are complexes of devices that only partially drain water from the base. Therefore, waterproofing is important stage construction of any structures that are intended for living, active and long-term use.

The process of waterproofing a foundation involves applying a special composition to the surface of the foundation of a building or using a material that has water-repellent properties and provides reliable protection. Depending on the type of waterproofing, both the technology of application and the functionality of the components used differ.

All types of waterproofing are classified according to different criteria. For example, two methods of applying material are popular:

horizontal;
vertical.

The first option involves protecting surfaces from capillary absorption. At the same time, two horizontal systems, one of which is located under the ceiling basement, and the second on top of the foundation slabs in the places where the walls support.

The vertical layer of protection is located from the base of the foundation to the level of the walls that receive rain moisture. In this case, the base is processed to the required height special compounds, the choice of which depends on the application method used.

Standards

Order of conduct construction work are regulated by special documents. One of the main ones is SNiP. The construction and processing of the foundation is given an important place in this set of standards. Compliance with such regulations and familiarization with them before the construction of a facility allows us to ensure the safety, reliability, and durability of the structure.

SNiP contains the following basic rules for waterproofing foundations:

Before starting construction work, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the sections of SNiP and GOST relating to the chosen method, material and conditions for waterproofing the base.

Horizontal method: general principles of the device

Horizontal protection of the building foundation can only be ensured by initial stage construction. Therefore, it is important to avoid mistakes in this process, because otherwise it will be necessary to dismantle the foundation. It is also worth considering the type of base, because horizontal method applying waterproofing for different types designs differ in technology.

For prefabricated strip foundations or monolithic type it is necessary to provide for the location of the hydraulic material between the base and outer wall building. In this case, the protection layer should also be located 20 cm below the floor level in the basement. For this purpose, materials such as roofing felt, linochrome and waterproofing are used. They are laid in 2 layers between the top of the plinth and the outer wall.

Protection for slab foundations is important. It consists of a layer:

“lean” concrete, which protects the base from groundwater;
thin waterproofing concrete slab, which is necessary as a barrier to moisture;
insulation between the external walls and the foundation or plinth, as is the case with a strip base.

The general device for horizontal protection involves placing hydraulic material or treating it with a mixture in places where the foundation comes into contact with the soil or walls along the perimeter of the base.

This method is used when arranging a strip foundation or slab foundation. In this case, it is possible to use both liquid and roll materials.

Vertical technology: installation basics

Vertical type protection is suitable for already constructed or unfinished buildings. The process involves processing finished foundation. For this purpose it is recommended to use bitumen mastic, also suitable liquid rubber. The technology for vertical waterproofing is simple. It consists of applying the product to the vertical surfaces of the foundation. Spraying is optimal for this, but coating with thick compounds is also possible. Rolled materials are simply secured over the entire vertical surface, but they are inconvenient to use.

The vertical method allows you to prevent destruction of the building’s foundation as a result of exposure to rain and groundwater. The effectiveness of waterproofing is also enhanced by drainage running along the perimeter of the house. All this ensures good protection and durability of the structure, but the quality of the materials used is important.

Liquid waterproofing material can be applied by spray

Coating technique

The method is used to protect against capillary moisture. When combined with horizontal insulation, the coating material is more effective. In this case, bitumen, bitumen-polymer, and rubber compositions are used.

Mastics for coating waterproofing can be cold, ready to use. The compositions in briquettes must be heated to a temperature of 160–180 C o.

The main stages of arranging coating waterproofing of the foundation:

The surface of the foundation must be completely cleaned of dust and any contaminants. Next, round off all the protrusions and corners with a grinder. Make sure that the radius of the rounding is more than 3 cm, otherwise the waterproofing layer may be damaged by external pressure.
You can clean the foundation with water pressure, but after this the surface must be thoroughly dried
Before applying a layer of waterproofing, the surface must be primed. This will improve the adhesion of the film to the foundation walls. Leave the treated surface to dry for 2–3 hours.
The primer can be applied with a roller or a wide brush.
Under bitumen and bitumen-polymer mastics, it is recommended to apply bitumen varnish to ensure good adhesion. This is done either with a brush in vertical strokes or by spraying. The entire surface of the foundation needs to be treated.
Now you need to prepare the material. This stage depends on the composition used. One-component materials are simply stirred and, if necessary, diluted with a suitable solvent. Two-component ones are mixed according to the instructions.
No special preparation of liquid waterproofing material is required
Apply liquid material You can use a wide brush, roller or spatula. Moreover, you need to try so that there are no gaps. The direction of the strokes is vertical. To ensure reliable waterproofing, there must be at least two layers. Each subsequent one can be applied only after the previous one has completely dried.
If you are just building a building, then you need to reinforce the waterproofing. This is necessary to prevent damage during shrinkage. Fiberglass and fiberglass are ideal for this. They need to be glued to the first layer of mastic. Particular attention is paid to corners and fillets.
Additionally, the waterproofing layer can be reinforced
Using hot mastic it must be preheated to a temperature of 160–180 degrees. It's better to do this in metal container on open fire. Apply it with a spatula, and then level it with a hard brush.

The principle of arranging coating waterproofing with any composition involves careful application of the product to the surface. For this purpose, you can also use cement-based mixtures, which contain modifiers that fill the porous structure of the foundation. This prevents moisture from affecting the structure and its further destruction.

Bitumen for waterproofing

To protect the foundations of buildings, bitumen and mixtures based on it are often used. This is due to the fact that the product closes pores in concrete well, withstands temperature changes and is convenient to use. The popularity of bitumen is also explained by its low cost, and it can be used independently. In this case, the layers bitumen waterproofing need regular updating, which should be done approximately every 10 years.

The bitumen composition is supplemented with roll materials, for example, geotextiles. This allows you to protect the waterproofing layer from mechanical damage. To treat with bitumen, it is necessary to heat the briquettes to 30 - 50°C, and then apply them to the primed surface with a wide brush. Heating is carried out over a fire in an iron container. All actions must be active, as the product quickly loses its elastic properties. It is possible to apply about 3 layers, but each of them must dry well. After the previous layer stops sticking, you can apply the next one.

Bitumen can be applied with a roller

Mastic treatment

Waterproofing the foundation with mastic requires choosing the type of composition. Mixtures for the cold application method do not need to be preheated. Mastic for hot processing needs heating. In this case, you need to pay special attention to the composition of the product, because each component requires a certain processing temperature:

Gudrocampolymer mastic must be heated to 70 °C;
tar up to 130–150 °C;
rubber-bitumen composition up to 170–180 °C;
bitumen agent up to 160–180 °C.

Before applying any mastic, you should clean the surface from dirt and dust, apply a primer, and then prepare the composition. Next, the product is applied with any convenient tool that allows you to create an even layer. The brush is optimal for this purpose.

After applying each layer, you need to pause for the composition to dry. Any type of mastic can be supplemented roll waterproofing, which is fixed on top of the dried layer.

Rolled materials for waterproofing

You can protect the foundation from moisture using rolled materials. They are varied, but conditionally divided into three categories:

lining, for example, roofing felt, stekloizol or glassine, are fixed using mastics or a special composition;
rolled materials with a polymer or bitumen layer are fixed by fusing, heating with a burner, and the side of the sheets on which the melting layer is applied ensures good adhesion to the foundation;
diffusion film membranes are fixed using metal elements and hot air from a hair dryer.

The pasting method is the simplest, most popular and effective.

You must first prepare the surface by removing dirt and dust. After this, a primer is applied that matches the material. work surface. Next steps are as follows:

Application of mastic, which will ensure good adhesion of the rolled material to the surface of the foundation.
Gluing fabric for waterproofing. It is carried out on freshly applied mastic.
Applying mastic over the insulation sheet to provide protection. But this step is optional.
Arrangement of thermal insulation of the foundation.
Installation of drainage system and backfilling.

Before attaching the waterproofing sheet, you need to make sure there are no cracks or damage to the foundation. Pasting technology can be used for vertical and horizontal surface treatment. The main steps are similar in each case.

Penetrating materials for waterproofing

Penetrating waterproofing materials differ from others in that they change the structure of the foundation components, rather than isolating its surface from moisture. For this purpose, mixtures are used that penetrate deep into the concrete structure. This allows you to significantly reduce the exposure of the foundation to capillary moisture.

The principle of operation of such isolation is simple. Components of solutions and waterproofing mixtures interact with aluminum and calcium ions contained in concrete, forming complex crystalline hydrates. The pores in the concrete base are gradually filled with needle-shaped crystals, but very small gaps remain. Water molecules can penetrate through them in the form of steam. Capillary entry of moisture is impossible due to the presence of surface tension of the droplets.

Liquid formulations

To construct waterproofing with penetrating compounds, liquid mixtures are often used, which are easy to use. They are optimal for a new foundation without cracks or defects. Wherein concrete base can be processed both externally and internally.

The technology for applying liquid penetrating agents for foundation waterproofing is simple. The work package includes the following mandatory steps:

This method is characterized by simple technology, and the choice of means is very extensive. For example, the Penetron mixture is in demand, characterized by mechanical strength and high quality.

Foundation waterproofing: structure and principle of operation

The main purpose of foundation waterproofing is to create protective film, which prevents moisture from penetrating into concrete and destroying it. The technology for arranging this layer involves applying or fastening a material over the entire base, which will perform protective function. When processing one foundation, you can combine several types of insulation.

The principle of operation of any waterproofing layer is that protective material prevents moisture from penetrating into concrete. Rolled webs do this by mechanical protection, and penetrating agents change the structure of concrete. Coating materials combine two actions: creating a layer of protection and penetrating the pores of concrete.

Waterproofing: do-it-yourself foundation treatment

During the construction of a building, you can carry out waterproofing works with your own hands, using a suitable method and high-quality materials. Pasting technology is one of the most effective. To do this, you will need roofing felt or fabric with a polymer layer. In the second case it is necessary gas-burner, and the instructions involve the following steps:

Video: design and features of waterproofing

Creating a protective layer for the foundation is necessary because it prevents premature destruction of the structure. But it is very important to determine the processing method and select high-quality materials.