Electric steam heating. How to make cheap home heating with electricity

Cosy warm house– probably every person’s dream. Today, most people prefer to live in private houses, because this has many advantages. But how to make your home the most comfortable, everyone decides in their own way. And, probably, it’s first worth considering the amount of heat and light.

Which heating is better for a private home?

There are several heating methods country house. Each of them has its own pros and cons, operating principles, and requires certain costs. The choice of a specific type of heating depends on many factors. For example, the presence of a fireplace or stove in the house, electricity, the availability of materials such as gas, fuel, firewood or coal.

Depending on this, they distinguish the following types heating the house:

• Air;
• Electric;
• Water.

An air heating system passes air through a special device - a heat exchanger, after which the heated air is distributed evenly throughout the room. This type of heating is expensive and requires a huge amount of space. However, it provides quick heating of the house.

Electric heating is based on the conversion of electricity into heat.

This type is environmentally friendly and easy to install and use, but despite this, it significantly increases energy costs and forces you to constantly ventilate the room, as oxygen is burned. Water heating is based on the circulation of liquid through pipes, which heats the room. Such a system can be installed without the help of specialists, however, during frosts when the system is turned off, the water can freeze and rupture the pipes.

The most popular and economical heating method is electric. This will be discussed further.

Heating a house with electricity: cheap or expensive

There are a huge number of heating methods. But, unfortunately, not all of them can be used in own home.

Electric heating is the cheapest and most convenient option:

• The installation of such heating requires a minimum of effort;
• Installation of the system does not require adjustment to any season;
• The heating system is very compact and does not require building an additional room for the boiler room;
• There is no need to provide maintenance;
• The cost of using such a system depends on the degree of operation and temperature level;
• The electric heating system is the most environmentally friendly.

Thus, electric heating does not require special physical and monetary costs and is most common in private homes.

Types of electric heating systems

Heating electrical systems are built to convert electricity into heat. The methods of such transformation vary, and this is what the main types of such systems are based on. However, they all have one minus, unlike gas - the cost of their use is high, since they are based on electricity.

Among them are:

• Electric boilers;
• Heaters based on the use of infrared rays;
• Warm floor running on electricity;
• Fan heaters.

Electric boilers operate by heating the liquid in the heating circuit that is connected to them. Electric convectors also use heating elements. Only in this case electricity does not pass through the liquid. Heating is carried out by heating the aluminum or steel housing and the air that is inside this housing. Hot air rises, changing places with cold air. With the help of such circulation, the room is also heated.

Electric heating is the most economical: without a boiler

Which method is the most economical? Convectors do not take up much space and can be placed on the wall, on the floor, built-in or external. They quickly warm up the air and accurately perform the assigned tasks. The only downside is that one convector will not be enough to heat the entire house.

Infrared heaters convert electricity into infrared rays that can heat any object. They can take the form of rectangles built into the floor or wall, or mounted on a stand. This heating system heats the air only in a certain area of ​​the room. In order to heat the entire house, you need to install a large number of such devices. On the one hand, they are cheap to use, but their quantity increases the cost.

Infrared heaters are economical because individual heaters can be installed in different areas of the house. temperature regime. Therefore, these heaters are on average 35% more economical compared to boilers. An electric heated floor is installed under the tiles and may not be the main heating system.

Advantages of heated floors:

• The temperature in electric heated floors can be adjusted easily and accurately;
• An electric heated floor does not need to be filled with new screeds, which require additional costs and put extra pressure on the floors;
• Due to the ease of installation, electric heated floors can be installed both in a private house and in a multi-storey one.

The only disadvantages of such a system include energy costs. But, on the other hand, if an electric heated floor is still not the main one, then this drawback can be crossed out. Fan heaters (heater, not radiator) are not the main heating system. They have quick effect only in small rooms, but at the same time they use a large amount of electricity, due to which the cost of costs greatly increases. Electric batteries are not bad heaters.

Economical electric boilers: options

Boilers are divided into those based on heaters - heating elements - and electrode ones.

The work of heating elements is that they heat running water and distribute it throughout the system. Special pumps are often installed with heaters to help circulate fluid through the system. Usually there are 3 or 4 heating elements in the boiler, which can work simultaneously or one at a time - it all depends on the temperature level.

The power of electric heating boilers also varies. There are models that operate from a single-phase or three-phase network. An electrode boiler fails because electricity passes through the liquid from electrode to electrode. Instead of water, non-freezing liquid is used here.

Advantages of electric boilers:

• Easy to install and regulate;
• Do not take up much space;
• Accurately and quickly regulate the temperature level;
• Their work does not create noise;
• Relatively low cost and economical maintenance.

Disadvantages of electric boilers: high costs for electricity, with prolonged use of heating elements, the heaters become covered with scale and stop working; in the absence of water, the heating elements burn out. Often boilers do not cope with their tasks and cannot warm up the entire house, that is, they slowly heat the house. The operation of boilers depends entirely on power electrical network. Correct schemes and high-quality batteries for the cottage allow you to heat the house inexpensively. Homemade device quite possible.

The most economical electric heating and electrical appliances

The most economical and easiest to use is the electric convector system. They consist of an aluminum or steel casing that heats the air from both outside and outside. inside. Warm air gives way to cold air, and thus the entire room is heated.

Advantages of using convectors:

1. The convector is the most effective system heating. Due to the small size of the heating elements, the air heats up faster, being evenly distributed throughout the room.
2. This is the most quality look heating, since it does not waste electricity, completely converting it into heat. This is also the reason for its efficiency.
3. Convectors are easily adjustable and do not heat up above 100 ºС. Many models have a safety system that turns off the device if air access is blocked.
4. This heating system is quite easy to install and use. All you need to do after purchasing is to install it on a wall or on a stand and plug it into the network.
5. Convectors are much cheaper than electric boilers.
6. Since one convector will not be enough to heat the entire house, you need to purchase more devices. However, this can be done gradually, depending on the need or availability of funds.
7. This heating system does not respond to possible leaps electricity and continues to work properly.

The choice of convector depends, first of all, on the expected price. However, it is best to buy a device from leading manufacturers, since the issue here is about home security. It is important to pay attention to the restart function after turning off the device. If in this case the convector requires human intervention, then this will create some problems in its use, including the risk of great damage from freezing the house. Efficient and profitable alternative heating according to new technologies.

Installation of electric heating in a private house

An electric heating system is very easy to install. Therefore, you can do this yourself. This will save money because you won’t have to call in specialists.

Installation consists of three stages:

• Planning;
• Installation;
• Launch.

First, you need to prepare a heating circuit and appliances, taking into account the way it will be used. In order to carry out an economical heat calculation and choose an electric boiler for a private home, you can call a specialist or use ready-made programs.

Next, shields are equipped with individual machines for each room and wiring is done. You need to consider how many boilers and other equipment you need to purchase. You will need automation, ceramic or other pipes. An electric battery that will heat, with an electricity consumption similar to that of a light bulb, is everyone’s dream. Modular energy-saving gas elements for country house premises will help you save some fuel.

After the electrical wiring is ready, you can begin installing equipment that will help heat the room (energy or economical radiators). It is important to pay attention to the temperature regime. At first, the device will work hard. This will warm up the room very quickly. And then the system will go into normal mode and will turn on to maintain established level temperature, like a drip device.

However, using only electric heating can cost a pretty penny. Therefore, you should use other means of heating your home to increase your living comfort.

Methods of additional thermal insulation:

1. Insulation of loggias, balconies and verandas will block the penetration of cold street air to the house. Thus, heating the house will be much more efficient.
2. Replacing old windows with plastic ones. This will eliminate the occurrence of drafts, which is also good for heating in bad weather. If it is not possible to install new windows, then you can insulate the old ones. To do this, you need to coat the space between the frame and the opening with sealant and seal it with electrical tape.
3. Using the same principle, old doors are replaced with new ones.
4. You can insulate walls both outside and inside. Internal insulation reduces the size of the room, so experts recommend insulating walls with outside. For this purpose, heat insulators are used.
5. Ceiling insulation is most often carried out in the attic. In this case, mats are used, under which a vapor barrier is placed, and a water barrier is placed on the mats.
6. You should pay attention to floor insulation. This is important because most often the floor does not warm up well, which causes some discomfort.

According to the laws of physics, warm air rises, giving way to cold air. Therefore, it is important to insulate the roof so that the heated air does not leave the house at all. The method of roof insulation depends on its type. If this pitched roof, then insulation is carried out inside the house using mineral wool. If the roof is flat, then hard materials are used on the outside that are not exposed to various negative influences. Homemade products (convection, autonomous, innovative heating for an apartment) are also possible, the panels will allow you to save money, but the equipment must be thought out thoroughly.

Long gone are the days when the only way to heat a private home was a wood stove. Modern technologies and materials allow you to choose a heating method from a variety of existing ones, but experts unanimously say that in the future, electric heating of a private home will be a priority. Everyone knows that mineral reserves are far from endless and the time will come when we will have to completely abandon gas and switch to a cleaner energy source - electricity.

Electric heating systems have a lot of undeniable advantages, and often this may simply be the only affordable way heating

It is very important to think through the electric heating project at the stage of building a house, since in the future, installing equipment in a ready-made room may lead to the need for remodeling, and, as a result, to additional costs. Accurate thermal calculations must be made taking into account SNiP standards. Failure to comply with these requirements will result in increased energy costs.

Pros and cons of heating your home with electricity

Electric heating of a private house has the following advantages:

Simplicity and ease of installation

For self-installation No expensive tools or special knowledge are required. All equipment is small in size and can be installed quickly and efficiently. minimal costs.

All devices are easily transported and transferred to different rooms. A separate boiler room and chimney are also not required.

Safety

Electrical systems do not produce carbon monoxide and there are no combustion products. No harmful emissions are released even if the system breaks down or is disassembled.

Low initial costs

No preparation required project documentation with an invitation special services. No permits are needed.

Reliability and quietness

Electric heating does not require regular after-sales service with the involvement of specialists. All installations operate absolutely silently, since the system does not have a fan or circulation pump.

Easy to use

There are no elements in the system that could quickly fail. There is no need to constantly monitor sensors and fuel levels.

System control unit.

High level of efficiency

Allows you to quickly heat a private home even in the most severe frosts. Electric heating is always equipped special system, which makes it possible to regulate the temperature in each individual room, which allows you to significantly save financial costs during the heating season.

Disadvantages of work

The main disadvantage of electric heating is the high energy consumption. In some areas, energy prices are quite high, so this method may simply not be profitable.

The second disadvantage is energy dependence. If the electricity is turned off for any reason, heating the room will become impossible.

Using a generator.

Have you decided to heat your house with electricity? It is necessary to take into account the condition and power of the electrical wiring. For a large private house, a three-phase power supply may be needed. You will need to find out exactly how much power is allocated to the house and what part of the allocated power can be used for heating.

Options for electric heating of a private house

Currently, there are many heating devices powered by electricity on the construction market. Electric heating can operate either directly or with the help of a circulating coolant - antifreeze, oil or water.

Oil radiators

This type of heating has been known for a very long time, and it still retains its popularity. This mobile units, often on wheels, operate directly from electrical outlet. The efficiency of such devices is 100%, since electrical energy is converted into thermal energy directly, without any transmission devices.

An oil cooler can be used to heat small room, but of course this method will not work for a whole house.

It's quite popular and effective method heating, capable of maintaining an optimal balance of humidity in the room without burning oxygen. Excellent technical characteristics and a wide range of powers allow the use of electric convectors for heating both a small room and a large private house.

The basis of the convector is a heating element - a converter of electrical energy into heat. The operating principle is based on air convection. Cold air enters through the slots in the lower part of the body of the heating device; inside the device, the air is heated by the heating element and exits through the slots in the upper part of the body.

The heating electric convector itself is enclosed in a metal casing, which has an aesthetic appearance and easily fits into any interior. The convector can be floor-standing, but most often the choice is made in favor of a wall-mounted device. The convector can operate either separately or in a system, under the control of one temperature regulator.

Air conditioners operating in heating mode can also be classified as electric heating devices. Experts believe that this type of heating is the most economical, since electricity costs are fully covered by the heat generated. In addition, costs can be reduced through adjustments.

But this type of heating has many disadvantages, and the most important of them is the technical complexity of maintenance. In addition, air conditioners have a high initial cost, and in the event of a breakdown, calling a specialist will bring additional financial costs.

Infrared heating

Infrared (film) heating can be called an innovative, but confidently gaining popularity way of heating a private home. Such heating is quite economical in use, but expensive in terms of equipment and installation costs.

Operating principle infrared heating is as follows: the heat emanating from the heating element is uniformly radiated by the heater onto the surface of nearby objects, and they, in turn, give off heat to the air.

Infrared heaters consume little energy and avoid irrational temperature distribution, since both zonal and spot heating can be performed. After turning off the equipment, objects retain and release heat for a long time. Installation and dismantling of the equipment is very simple and can be easily done independently.

The placement of heaters is limited only by your imagination. They can be located on the floor, behind a hanger, on the ceiling, but not at the level of a person’s head.

Please remember that IR emitters heat up solid objects.

Warm floor system

Such a system can serve as both the main type of heating and additional. The principle of operation of the system is that the heat from the heated floor is evenly distributed to the ceiling. Heating sections consist of a single-core or double-core cable covered with a floor covering on top. The thermostat can be built-in, surface-mounted or programmable.

The advantages of this method include a long service life - up to 80 years, as well as ease of maintenance and environmental friendliness.

But heated floors are not resistant to mechanical damage, and the repair of such a system is accompanied by the dismantling of the floor covering, which leads to additional financial costs. In order to determine the location of cable damage, special equipment will be required.

If you have basic knowledge and skills, you can easily make a “warm home” system with your own hands.

Infrared heated floor

Heating a house with electricity using infrared heated floors can be assessed as an economical and quite effective, but rarely used means.

Infrared heated floors are not afraid of power surges and do not fail even if partially damaged. The equipment can be installed under any floor covering except parquet.

Infrared rays are capable of heating only solid objects, therefore, while heating the floor, the element itself does not heat up. The flooring gives off its heat to the air, which, through convection, spreads throughout the room.

Having basic skills in working with electricity, installing and connecting such a floor with your own hands will not be difficult.

Heating with electric boiler

Heating with electricity in a private home is most often carried out using an electric boiler, in which the coolant liquid is heated. Electric boilers are relatively cheap; installing them yourself does not present any difficulties.

Electric boilers are divided into three types according to heating method:

• heating elements;
• electrode;
• induction

A heating element electric boiler can be classified as traditional, in which the liquid is heated by all the usual heating elements. The heating element heats up from electricity, transfers its heat to the coolant, which, in turn, carries it through the pipeline system to the radiators installed in the rooms.

System elements.

The boiler is easy to install and is equipped with a thermostat capable of maintaining the set temperature. Power consumption can be adjusted by turning off a certain number of heating elements.

The disadvantages of a heating element boiler include the accumulated scale on the heating element, which can quickly damage the boiler, especially if the water is hard. Therefore, sometimes you have to use various means against lime.

Electrode boiler

An electrode electric boiler, instead of a heating element, is equipped with an electrode that acts on free ions in the water, resulting in heat. This design is unique in its safety, as it is completely immune to coolant leakage. If there is no water, the device simply stops working.

This method of heating the coolant does not provoke limescale, but the electrodes tend to gradually deteriorate, and then they need to be changed. In addition, only water can be used as a coolant - non-freezing liquid cannot be used. The water itself must have resistivity certain value, which is quite difficult to measure independently.

"Insides" of an induction boiler.

An induction electric boiler consists of a radiator and a pipeline through which the coolant circulates. The emitter produces an electromagnetic field that interacts with the metal. Electricity creates vortex flows, which, in turn, transfer energy to the coolant. There is no heating element.

An induction boiler is easy to install and maintain, does not contain wearing parts, scale forms in it in minimal quantities, and is effective for heating large rooms. The coolant can be oil, water or antifreeze.

Making an induction boiler with your own hands is not difficult, and the cost will be much cheaper than a purchased one.

A significant disadvantage can be considered the rather large dimensions and high price, compared to heating elements and electrode boilers. In addition, in the event of mechanical damage to the integrity of the circuit, the boiler will fail due to a dangerous increase in temperature. In this case, the device must be equipped with a sensor that turns off the boiler if there is no water in it.

Conclusion

Almost all popular methods of heating a country house with electricity were considered. Each method has many advantages - this includes the absence of the need for a fuel supply, environmental friendliness, safety, noiselessness and ease of operation. But given that electricity is currently not cheap, one cannot expect any special economic effect. Therefore, it is worth paying special attention to the insulation of a private house in order to reduce heat loss to a minimum.

Content

Long gone are the days when the only way to create autonomous heating was a wood stove. Thanks to the development and improvement of technology and the availability of emerging materials, there are a large number of heating options, one of which is electric heating of a private home. Many experts are confident that this heating method can be called the most effective and environmentally friendly. And what is important is that this method allows you to save far from endless reserves of minerals.

Electric heating own home

Types of electric heating

Modern electrically powered heating systems come in a huge variety of devices. various types:

1. oil radiators;
2. electric convectors;
3. thermal fans;
4. long-wave infrared devices;
5. "warm floor" systems;
6. electric boilers of various modifications;

Systems made up of the above devices operate either directly from electricity or heat Vacation home through the coolant circulating in them - water, oil or non-freezing liquid.

Oil radiators

This method of heating a home has been used for a long time and remains popular for a long time. The oil radiator itself is a mobile unit, often mounted on small wheels and operating directly from a 220V outlet. The efficiency of the devices is very high, since electricity is converted into heat without the use of any intermediate elements.

Oil cooler suitable for additional heating

With the help of such heaters, you can only heat a small room, and of course they are not suitable for heating the entire house.

Electric convector

Heating in a private home using an electric convector is considered one of the most effective and popular methods, largely due to the fact that its use allows you not to consume oxygen and maintain the balance of humidity in the room.

Electric convector fits into any interior

Possibility of power regulation combined with excellent technical characteristics allows the use of convectors both for heating small room, and for the whole house.

The main part of the device is a heating element that converts electricity into heat.

Operating principle: The operation is based on the principle of convection: air enters through the holes at the bottom of the device, warms up and is released through the cracks at the top of the convector.

The electric heating device itself is placed in a metal case, making it perfect for any interior. Convectors are mounted on the floor, mounted on the wall, and can function separately or as part of a system.

Air conditioners

Air conditioners operating in heating mode should also be classified as electric heating devices. This type of heating is considered the most economical: considerable energy costs are almost completely offset by high Device efficiency. And the power can be adjusted using the device settings.

Air conditioner operating diagram for heating

Disadvantages: this method of electric heating is difficult to maintain, as well as relatively high in price.

Infrared heating

Infrared (film) electric heating of a private home is an innovative, technically complex, but increasingly popular type of heating. This method is the most economical, but the equipment itself still costs too much.

Operating principle: heat directed from the heating element through the heater is evenly distributed over the surface of nearby objects, and they transfer it to the surrounding air.

Operating principle of infrared heating

Advantages: IR heaters have low energy consumption. With their help, it is possible to provide both spot and zonal electric heating. After disconnecting the heater from the mains, objects remain warm for a long time and warm the room themselves.

You can do infrared electric heating of a private house with your own hands: assembling and dismantling the system is easy to do yourself.

The location and installation of IR heaters is practically unlimited - the main thing is that they are not at the same level as the person’s head. Also, we must not forget that the emitters warm up objects placed nearby.

Warm floor system

Heating a home using this system can be done as the main heating method or in addition to another.

Operating principle: heat from the floor rises to the ceiling, evenly distributed throughout the room.

The heating parts are made up of two-core and single-core cables hidden under the floor covering. A surface-mounted, built-in or programmable thermostat can be used.

Disadvantages: high susceptibility to mechanical damage and significant repair costs. During the repair process, it may be necessary to dismantle the floor covering and use special equipment to determine the exact location of the cable break.

With existing experience and initial knowledge, it is quite possible to create electric heating for a private house with your own hands using a “warm floor” system.

Heating a home using infrared floors is not yet a popular method, although it is quite rational and very economical.

Operating principle: only solid objects can be heated by IR rays; the coating transfers the resulting heat to the air, which is distributed throughout the room through convection.

Advantages: this type of heated floors is not subject to voltage surges and continues to function even with some defects and damage. The system can be installed under any surface, with the exception of parquet.

Advantages of using an electric boiler

Despite the existence of various types of equipment, heaters that heat the coolant liquid are most often chosen for individual houses.

The cost of the equipment is affordable for almost everyone, and installing electric boilers does not cause any difficulties.

According to the heating method, electric boilers are divided into three types:

1. heating elements;
2. electrode;
3. induction

1. A heating element boiler is the traditional and most commonly used option. The coolant is heated using a familiar element. The heating element receives heat from electricity and transfers it to liquid, which spreads through the pipeline and heats the radiators located in the rooms.

Classic heating element boiler

2. Electrode electric boiler equipped with an electrode that acts on free water ions, resulting in the generation of heat. Such a heating device is absolutely safe due to its immunity to liquid leakage, since if there is a lack of liquid, the device simply stops working.

3. Induction electric boilers consist of a pipeline that moves the coolant and a radiator that generates an electromagnetic field that interacts with the metal. Energy is transferred to the coolant by vortex flows created by electricity. There is no heating element as such.

This is what an induction boiler looks like

The main advantages of electric boilers are::

• quiet operation;
• environmental Safety;
• when installing the control unit, electric heaters operate in automatic mode;
• no need to install a chimney;
• ease of installation.

Single- and three-phase electric boilers are manufactured by both Russian and foreign manufacturers. In practice, Russian-assembled devices are in no way inferior to imported ones in their design data and technical parameters, but their price is much lower.

Heating with an electric boiler has one significant disadvantage - the consumption of expensive electricity. This heating method is most often implemented when it is impossible to use other cheaper sources.

If you can afford using electricity to heat your home, then this method will be the best.

Electric heating schemes for a private house

The electrical heating circuit of a house is determined in accordance with:

• the total volume of all residential and non-residential rooms;
• calculating the need for pipes and batteries.

The boiler volume is determined according to:

• heating system capacity;
• power of heating elements.

When choosing all the components and components, you should first of all take into account the material they are made of.

Pipes

It is better to prefer pipes made of polypropylene (the latest generation polymer) due to the following features:

• it is quite lightweight, and the process of installing communications will be quick and uncomplicated;
• this material can also be called the most profitable - unlike iron pipes that are susceptible to corrosion, the service life of this material is about 50 years.

The electric heating circuit also includes batteries, which are designed to heat the air and provide a comfortable thermal regime in the rooms.

Radiators

The efficiency of heating a country house largely depends on the type of radiators chosen.

• temperature changes,
• exposure to aggressive environments,
• corrosion,
• have a long service life.

Such batteries can also be used for forced circulation of coolant. They do not take up much space and are a wonderful addition to any interior.

Material for installation of electric heating

To install electric heating you will need the following components:

• pump equipment;
• thermal relay;
• polypropylene pipes;
• radiators;
• fittings and tees;
• soldering apparatus;
• special scissors.

Heating a house with electricity in most cases involves water heating with an electric boiler and a separate tariff meter for consumed electricity.

The tariff meter allows you to save up to 40% of money if the heating of the house is turned on during the period of maximum reduction in the cost of electricity - at night. To use the heat generated at night and heat the home during the day, it is recommended to include in the applied schemes a heat accumulator, which is a container that accumulates heat and releases it into the system when necessary.

It would also be a good idea to take care of creating good thermal insulation of structures, which will further reduce heating costs.

Features of pipe routing

For pipe routing it is necessary to use fittings (tees). One end of the pipe is installed inside this nozzle, and the fitting itself is then put on the coupling part.

Pipe routing can be:

• bottom;
• one- or two-pipe;
• horizontal or vertical.

In conditions individual house The most effective and efficient wiring is arranged around the entire perimeter of the room.

The distribution of pipes around the perimeter of the room is optimal

Connecting parts polypropylene pipes carried out under the condition that they are heated by a soldering apparatus. The result is a strong and durable connection of all elements of the heating system.

Pros and cons of heating your home with electricity

Heating a private home with an electric boiler has many undeniable advantages:

• Ease and simplicity of installation work.

Installing the system does not require the use of complex and expensive tools. You can install electric heating in your own home yourself. The equipment is not large in size, is installed at minimal cost, and equipment already in use can be easily transported and transferred to different rooms. There is no need to install a separate boiler room and chimney.

• Safety.

When operating electric heating systems, no harmful emissions are generated due to the complete absence of combustion products. Neither materials nor equipment contain any harmful substances.

• Low costs.

There is no need to prepare and develop project documentation, invite special services, and no permits are required.

• Quiet and reliable operation.

Properly made electric heating does not require any maintenance third party specialists. The equipment is characterized by quiet operation due to the absence circulation pump and a fan.

• Easy to use.

There are no quickly wearing elements in the system; there is no need to monitor the fuel level and pressure sensors.

• High efficiency.

The ability to quickly heat and warm up the house even during the most severe frosts. The system is equipped with special equipment with which the temperature in each room is regulated, which also allows optimizing costs during the heating season.

Flaws:

• Significant energy consumption.

This is the main disadvantage, since the cost of electricity is quite high. In some areas, this method of heating a home may be completely impractical and unprofitable.

• Dependence on external energy supply.

If for any reason the electricity is turned off, heating will be impossible.

• Susceptibility to voltage fluctuations in the network.

This is often typical for rural areas. The problem can be solved by purchasing a generator, but this will also increase costs significantly.

Important! Before choosing electric heating, you should consider the condition of your home wiring. It is necessary to know specifically how much power is supplied to the house and what part of it can be allocated for heating.

Peculiarities various systems heating

Each of the considered types of electric heating has its own advantages and disadvantages, which should definitely be taken into account if you want to arrange good system heating your own home. In any case, you should think about insulating a house at the design stage, since the efficiency and economy of heating using electricity largely depends on this.

The most economical way to heat a private home is an autonomous system running on natural gas. But often, for objective reasons, such an opportunity is not available everywhere. In relative second place in terms of the cost of thermal energy are solid fuel boilers or heating from a fireplace/stove with a closed firebox (if the house is small), but given the need to store fuel and the complexity of maintenance, not everyone likes this heating method. Storing liquefied gas requires expensive containers. But liquid fuel, in addition to difficulties with storage, is different expensive equipment and bad environmental characteristics. Electric heating in a private home does not have all these disadvantages. Except one - high cost energy carrier. Although in this case there are opportunities to reduce the burden on the family budget. What are the features of heating a house with electricity? economical way, which can be used to heat a house using energy, we will consider in our article.

Electric heaters do not require chimneys and can be installed anywhere

Which heaters are not suitable for the heating system

Sometimes you have to read unfair criticism of certain types of heating devices. They are criticized not for real shortcomings, but for imaginary ones. Although at the end of the criticism the conclusions are completely correct - these devices can only be used as auxiliary heaters, and it is impossible to build an economical heating system with their help.

Oil radiator

Considered uneconomical - critics argue that it should not be used as a heating device due to high energy consumption and low output. But it is this type of device that has one of the highest efficiency - about 98%. That is, almost all electrical energy it converts into heat (no one has yet canceled the law of conservation of energy), and those minor losses of 2% are due to the resistance of the internal walls of the radiator to the coolant. Yes, it is inertial - it takes a long time to warm up, but it also takes a long time to cool down.

Another drawback is that it takes a long time to warm up the room.

But this is a property of all batteries, including water heating, in which the main method of heat transfer is natural convection, and it proceeds slowly.

The main disadvantage is the “rough” power control and the use of mechanical thermostats. And such inaccurate control of temperature conditions makes an oil radiator ineffective when trying to optimize the cost of heating with electricity in a private home. And yet, it has a fairly high body temperature when working on full power, which is dangerous if there are small children in the house.

There are models of oil radiators that can be hung on the wall

Fan heater

It is often written about a fan heater that it burns oxygen. But “oxygen combustion” is nothing more than an oxidation (combustion) process, and the maximum that can burn at a fairly low temperature of the coil is organic dust in the air. Therefore, it is incorrect to talk about burning oxygen (after all, it’s not wood that burns) since this insignificant volume must be replenished as a result of mandatory ventilation of the room.

The efficiency of such a device is slightly lower than that of an oil radiator (part of the electricity is spent on operating the fan), but it is not very different, considering that the power of the fan motor itself is small (about 50 W out of a total of 1 or 2 kW). The advantage is that the room warms up very quickly. Disadvantages are a constant noise level (albeit insignificant) and dust transfer throughout the room. And the main drawback of these household appliances is manual power adjustment and the illusory possibility of creating on the basis of fan heaters automated system heating.

The fan heater is the most compact heating device, and it is great for heating a small area

Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize once again that the main reason why some types of electric heaters are not suitable for heating a home is not the efficiency (almost all of them are above 95%), but the impossibility of automating system control. It is this factor that does not allow optimizing the operation of the heating system, and without this it is impossible to heat a house with electricity cheaply.

Efficient methods of heating with electricity

Heating with electricity in a private house has the main advantages over all others - these are simple and accurate methods for monitoring and regulating the operation of all components and elements. Even the sensors and display of information about operating modes are more accurate than those of equipment using other types of energy carriers.

Individual electric heating of a private house has three options for heating systems:

autonomous water heating systems based on electric boilers:

use of infrared ceramic heaters;

electric convectors with electronic thermostats.

All these systems can be adapted into a smart home system and controlled remotely.

Differences between gas and electric heating in the video:

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer electrical work services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Heating with electric boiler

This is a classic diagram of an autonomous heating system. There are two options for heating the coolant - indirect and direct.

Electric boilers of indirect heating come in two types: heating elements and induction.

The design and principle of operation of heating element boilers are quite simple - there is a heating coil enclosed in a sealed metal shell with a dielectric heat-conducting filler, the heat from the spiral through the filler is transferred to the surface of the heating element shell, with which the heating system coolant is in contact.

This is what the “filling” of a 9 kW heating element boiler looks like, which, despite its compact size, is capable of heating a house with an area of ​​100 m2

Induction boilers have appeared for domestic heating systems relatively recently. Their operating principle lies in the property of metals to heat up under the influence of an alternating magnetic field. The heating element itself is an inductive coil with a ferromagnetic alloy core, through the “secondary winding” of which the coolant passes.

Induction heater operating diagram

The peculiarity of direct heating electric boilers is that water not only acts as a coolant, but is also part of the electrical circuit - alternating current passes through it between the electrodes. Hence the name of the boilers - electrode.

Each type of boiler has its own disadvantages. Heating elements form scale, which leads to a decrease in the useful power and service life of the boiler. Induction ones are quite expensive, bulky and have “stepped” power adjustment. Electrode systems have strict restrictions on the quality and composition of water, which must have a certain specific electrical resistance alternating current.

Cascade of four electrode boilers for heating a large house

Well, the main disadvantage of heating a country house with an electric boiler is the presence of the coolant itself and the “bulky” circulation system of pipes and radiators. The installation of such a system requires costs, and the efficiency compared to electric heaters direct action may be less if circulation pumps are used.

Infrared heaters

There are several types of heaters that use radiation (radiation) to transfer thermal energy. This transmission method is considered the most effective for heating a room - first, objects standing in the path of infrared radiation are heated, and then, due to secondary convection, the air is heated from them.

Video about infrared heaters:

There are three fundamentally different types of infrared heaters:

reflectors in which the filament coil is enclosed in a quartz glass bulb;

panel – in ceramic monolithic slab The heating element is “soldered”;

film - with carbon coating on a polymer film.

Heating a house with electricity of the first type refers to heaters operating in the short-wave range of infrared radiation.

Such devices can be used as an additional heater, but not as a basic element of the heating system of a private house with electricity.

Disadvantages - the lowest efficiency (due to the visible part of the radiation), lack of precise temperature control and high case temperature.

The second type of device operates in the soft long-wave range. The maximum temperature of the ceramic panel does not exceed 90°C, but on the body it is even lower. There are two types of control - mechanical and electronic thermostat. The first option involves manual control and its accuracy is low. Using electronic thermostats, you can set the temperature with an accuracy of 1°C.

The infrared panel is so safe that it can be hung on wooden walls

Film heaters are the most efficient. They are usually used as part of underfloor heating, but in principle they can be mounted in walls or on the ceiling. But it is the installation as part of the floor covering that most closely corresponds to the correct and uniform heating of the room. Operation is controlled automatically using a temperature sensor-thermostat pair.

If there is not enough space on the floor, then film heater can be mounted on any free surface

Convectors

In appearance, convectors are very similar to ceramic panel heaters, but inside the metal case there is an “open” heating element enclosed inside a plate radiator. Fundamental difference in the heating method - cold air enters the case through the bottom row of holes, comes into contact with the radiator, heats up and exits through the top row of holes.

The convector housing not only serves as protection for the heating element, but also increases the speed of the upward flow. Due to this, with the same power, the room is heated faster than from a water heating battery.

The stylish convector panel looks great in a modern interior

Like ceramic panel heaters, there are two types of thermostats - mechanical and electronic. And it is the electronic control of the work that ensures the accuracy of adjustment and the ability to work in several modes:

individual, with manual control, used for heating a separate room;

group, operation of several devices under the control of one (common) thermostat, which ensures uniform heating large area or the same heating mode for several rooms;

intelligent, control by remote control, connect to GSM module and control using standard commands from a remote terminal (mobile communications, Internet), connection to a router and control via a local network and/or the Internet.

What is better to choose: an electric boiler or an electric convector - see clearly in the video:

An example of a real system with an intelligent control circuit for electric heating at home

NOBO Company, leading European manufacturer convectors, produces two compatible systems for “smart” control of the operation of electrical appliances. Including " warm floors"(through a thermostat) and any other household appliances that are connected to the network (through a panel, a “break” in the circuit or turning on/off sockets). To do this, they produce special thermostats, socket receivers and hidden-mounted relay receivers.

Using such a system, you can monitor and manage the operation of up to 100 devices or group zones. And 700 series thermostats provide 4 operating modes for convectors: comfortable, economical, non-freezing (air temperature 7°C) and “off”. According to the manufacturer, the flexibility of such a control system for convectors and heated floors allows you to save up to 25% on electric heating at home.

One of two control schemes for a multi-zone electrical system

As a result, how to optimize electric heating

In addition to the competent selection of heating equipment, an effective and optimal (from a cost point of view) electric heating system is possible only with comprehensive insulation of the house - from the base to the roof. Otherwise, the cost of heating a ventilated house will be significantly higher, even despite the high efficiency of the heater itself, and heating a house with electricity is unlikely to be cheap.

Many owners of private houses or apartments believe that an electric heating system is not economical. This point of view has a completely adequate explanation, since electricity is a rather expensive source of energy. Sometimes there are situations when alternative heating systems do not justify themselves or are simply unavailable for certain reasons. In such a situation, it will be necessary to use the energy carrier that is available. Heating systems electric type can also be divided into different categories, so it’s worth choosing exactly the electric heating that will be the most profitable and economical.

Electric heating

Direct heating with electricity. Use of convectors and radiators

Any of the options for organizing electric heating has both its advantages and disadvantages. The most popular and common mains-powered heaters are convectors and electric radiators.

Oil-type radiators are in wider demand. Such devices are more suitable for local heating.

An oil radiator is a device whose body consists of several sections interconnected.

Inside this structure there is a mineral-type coolant. Heating elements, which are necessary for heating the radiator, are immersed in this coolant. Many models of household oil radiators have heating elements with a power of 2.5 to 3 kW. Thanks to this power, the oil heats up in a fairly short period of time. Mineral oil causes the heating element to heat up to very high temperatures. high temperature at 2000 degrees. Oil radiators are well suited for heating any room in a house or apartment.

Oil radiators will not justify themselves if they are used for general heating of an apartment or house, since they cannot be classified as economical. Such devices are justified only if they are used as an additional heating device.

An alternative to such devices can be called electric-type convectors. They can also be installed as a general heater.

However, they will be justified only if it is impossible to organize water supply in the building. heating system. The convector housing contains a heating component that converts electricity into heat. From this heating component, hot air rises and exits through special holes that are located in the convector body. Almost all modern electric convectors are equipped with special grilles, thanks to which it is possible to regulate the volume of exhaust air. At the bottom of the convector housing there are holes that are necessary for cold air to penetrate into the device. This air is further heated and exits through the upper openings.

Almost all convectors are equipped with special automatic temperature sensors, the operating principle of which is similar to a heating tap. When the air that enters the convector through its lower openings is warm enough, the sensors will operate and the electrical appliance will turn off. Thanks to these parameters and characteristics, electric convectors are more justified in terms of energy savings than oil-type radiators.

Based on their design features, there are several types of convectors: wall convectors and floor convectors.

Such devices are the most popular, but there are also such convectors as in-floor convectors. If the choice fell on the latter type of convectors, then it is best to install them in the area along the window. In this case, they will not only heat the room, but will also provide additional protection from drafts and street cold that penetrates through the window. Electric heating with a convector will be more profitable and economical compared to oil radiators, but the use of solid or liquid fuel or gas will still be cheaper.

Warm floor system

A warm floor cannot be considered the main heating system, but it will work well as an additional source of heat. A warm floor is a structure consisting of a heating film and heating cables. This design is installed under the floor covering. Special temperature sensors are installed on some areas of the floor, which are connected to a thermostat installed on one of the walls of the room.

Electric heating such as underfloor heating allows you to independently regulate the heating in the apartment, setting a certain temperature regime. Installing such a heating system is not a very complicated process, so you can do it yourself, without turning to specialists for help. Here you can find many recommendations, as well as videos that will help you cope with this task. A system such as electrical underfloor heating, is not suitable as a universal heat source, so it will only be justified as an additional heating system.

Infrared heating

Using infrared devices for heating with electricity is another method that allows you to heat a house or apartment. The infrared heater contains a heating element inside the housing, which is a source of infrared radiation. The infrared waves that come from this device do not heat the air in the room, but the objects at which they are directed. Such devices are considered the most efficient, since they radiate heat where it is needed, rather than wasting it.

Modern heaters infrared type can boast of an efficiency that exceeds 90%. Of all electrical appliances, an infrared heater is considered the most profitable and economical.

Their only significant disadvantage is that they are quite expensive. Before choosing one of the electric heating devices, it is better to make calculations regarding how quickly the costs will pay off.

Water heating: heating element type boilers

Electric water heating is considered more efficient than using only simple heating electrical appliances. This heating system uses ordinary water as a coolant. To heat the water to the required temperature, the system is equipped with a device such as a boiler or electric boiler. Domestic boilers, which are used to heat water, are not suitable as the main device of a water electric heating system. Boiler, which is necessary for efficient work heating system must have much higher power ratings. To organize an autonomous electric heating system, a wide variety of installations can be used, such as:

• Heating element installations;
• Induction installations;
• Electrode installations.

The most popular are heating element boilers, which can be seen in the photo. The operating principle of such boilers is as follows: the coolant enters the internal tank of such boilers. A heating element is placed in the tank, which will begin to heat up, and its temperature will be transferred to the coolant. Thanks to the circulation pump, the coolant will flow into the heating circuit and then distribute through the final consumption elements, that is, to the heating radiators.

It must be remembered that the most vulnerable point of the boiler is the heating element. It is necessary to choose a boiler in which the heating element is a replaceable component. The heating element may fail in a few years, as it will become covered with scale, and then it will need to be replaced. Most boilers are equipped with automation, which allows you to turn on a certain operating mode. This allows you to significantly save on electricity, since the boiler will heat the water only when it is needed.

Another advantage that electric water heating provides is the fact that the electrical components do not come into contact with water at all. In the event of an accident, the automation will completely turn off the heating element.

Electrode devices

A better alternative to water heating heating elements, which involves the use of electricity for heating, can be called electrode-type boilers. Such a device is a small container containing electrodes. When the boiler is filled with water, current will begin to flow to these electrodes, and this, in turn, will cause the water to heat up.

In order for the electrode boiler to work as efficiently as possible, the coolant will need to be subjected to special preparation. An electrode boiler consumes more electricity than a heating element type boiler. However, it is more reliable and does not fail as often.

Induction boilers

IN induction boilers There are two circuits at once: one is heat exchange and the other is magnetic. In a magnetic type circuit there is a coil that creates a magnetic field, and due to this the coolant is heated. The operating principle of such a circuit is very similar to the operating principle of an induction hob. The heat exchange circuit is necessary for temperature redistribution to occur in it. After this, the coolant will heat up and begin to flow into the heating system of the house.

The most important advantage of boilers of this type is the safety of their use. This can be explained by the fact that the boilers completely lack heating components.

Among the disadvantages of such devices are their high price, as well as the rather complex smooth adjustment of thermal conditions.

Advantages and disadvantages of electric heating

Any electric heating systems have both their advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of electric heating:

• It can be installed by yourself;
• Permission to install such devices is much easier to obtain than, for example, permission to install a gas boiler;
• Electric heaters are easier to set up and easier to control;
• There is no need for constant monitoring of the fuel supply; all that is necessary is to set a certain temperature regime;
• Quite fast heating;
• A comfortable temperature in the room will be established only after 10-15 minutes after the system starts working.

Disadvantages of electric heaters, which are most often covered by reviews:

• The equipment is quite expensive, in particular, the high price category includes such devices that are equipped with various automation;
• Heating a room itself is quite expensive;
• High loads on electrical wiring and voltage cables.

If such shortcomings are not very scary, then such a heating system will be considered quite effective. An electric heating system is much easier to organize than any other.

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