Despite the apparent variety of designs, all interior doors are divided into two large groups: paneled and panel.
Doors with paneled sashes are the most attractive, but also the most difficult to manufacture, and therefore the most expensive. Due to their frame structure the doors are light in weight and have the possibility of a variety of architectural processing of the panels.
Paneled door leaves consist of frame bars that form the frame of the door, mullions (intermediate bars) and panels - panels that fill the space between the bars. The bottom block of the strapping is often made thicker, and it can be single (solid) or consist of several bars of smaller thickness. It should be borne in mind that the stronger the door, the more mullions, and therefore panels, it has, however, with an increase in the number of mullions, the cost of the door increases.
Sometimes it is attached to the bottom bar of the harness protective board- plinth. To secure the panels in the trim bars and the centerpiece, special grooves are selected into which the panels are inserted when assembling the door.
Door leaf panel The structure consists of facings - a strapping frame made of bars, and a shield. Panel doors can be solid or frame. With a frame design, the sash consists of a frame (frame) made of wooden blocks. Between the outermost vertical or horizontal bars of the trim, at certain intervals, stiffening bars are inserted, which prevent the cladding from sagging.
Door leaf- this is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas is often of frame construction. In the case of a frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and provide greater possibilities for decoration, the internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, or chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.
Door frame- an assembly unit of a door block of a frame structure, intended for hanging panels and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.
Straps door leaf (with a frame solution) - these are bars, mainly from coniferous species wood located around the perimeter of the door. (No. 1 in the figure)
Sredniki- bars dividing inner space canvases into sections for subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serving as a connection between the strappings. (No. 2 in the figure)
Panels- panels made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, filling the space between the frames and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts. (No. 3 in the figure)
Mold- shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass. (No. 4 in the figure)
Layouts- these are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revitalize” appearance simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, reinforcing panels or glass. (No. 5 in the figure)
Baguette frame (or glazing bead)- an intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.
Jaws or door strips- These are embossed profile slats designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors.
Door slabs- blocks with a shaped profile, intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.
Platbands- wooden profile strips used for framing doorway and to cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different. (No. 6 in the figure)
Narthex- the place of abutment (connection) of the door leaf with the racks door frame. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or with inside frames that cover the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The rebate is most often absent if the door block uses hinges installed at the top and bottom of the door leaf.
Threshold- a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the junction between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies in case of differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.
Sealant- elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section, running along the entire perimeter of the doors between the frame and the leaves. Seals are widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.
Types of interior door designs
Massive doors
Doors of this type are made of various, valuable types of wood. The price of such products, as a rule, is significantly higher than doors with honeycomb filling, and they weigh more. To emphasize the structure of wood, the manufacturer paints them with various wood impregnations or simply clear varnishes. Except decorative function Such processing also plays another role. The door is less susceptible to damage by fungi, mold, insects, and is more resistant to fading in light. Such doors are also called simply - array. They can be smooth or paneled, blind or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.
Semi-massive doors
The wooden blocks between two MDF sheets in such a door leaf are not located “joint to joint”, but at some distance from each other. Otherwise, everything said about massive doors is also true for semi-massive ones.
Doors with honeycomb filling
You've probably seen honeycomb from wax. Exactly the same honeycombs, only made of pressed cardboard, less often made of hardboard, fill the void inside the door. The door frame is made, as a rule, from solid pine, allowing the lock to be embedded on one vertical side and secured door hinges- with another. The strength of such doors, of course, is inferior to that of solid doors, and they are not recommended for use as entrance doors. But indoors (offices, apartments, houses, etc.) - this is the most suitable option. And one should not doubt their strength for these purposes. Door leaf with honeycomb filling can easily withstand loads of up to 80 kg. Just like solid and semi-solid doors, doors with honeycomb filling can be smooth or paneled, solid or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc. Such doors are also called lightweight doors.
Paneled doors
The fabric on both sides of these doors is not smooth. Doors, as a rule, have embedded rectilinear or rounded decorative recesses. They can be: lightweight, solid or semi-massive, glass or solid, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.
Smooth doors
The direct opposite of paneled doors. Such doors have absolutely smooth surface. Otherwise, everything said for paneled doors is also true for smooth ones.
Veneered doors
Veneer is a thin cut from wood (literally as thick as thin cardboard). The raw materials used are various breeds trees. This same veneer is used to cover the door panels.
Laminated doors
Typically, smooth doors with laminate glued on them, decorated to look like different types of wood or painted in different colors.
Laminated doors
Almost the same as laminate. The only difference is that this coating is less wear-resistant than laminate. It’s true that such doors are cheaper than laminated ones.
Doors with a rebate (with a quarter)
There is also such a thing as a porch or quarter. At the end of the door leaf, on two or more sides, three quarters of the thickness of the door leaf is selected and one quarter is left. Thus, complete with the corresponding door frame, such a door when closed has no visible gaps between the frame and the door leaf.
The basis of a door set of interior doors is the door frame. The performance properties of the doors largely depend on what it is, what it consists of and how it is installed.
What is a door frame?
The door frame is a part of the door block that is attached to the doorway, and the door leaf is attached to the frame with door hinges. This door element is called a frame because with the threshold it forms a rectangle into which the door leaf is inserted. Used to install swing doors.
Door frame in a doorway.
A standard door frame for a single-leaf swing interior door without a threshold consists of two and a half sticks (one stick on the right, one stick on the left and at the top half a stick - a crossbar). A standard door frame stick has dimensions: 70 mm width, 30 mm thickness and 2100 mm height. Each manufacturer's sizes may vary slightly.
When measuring doorways To order doors of the required width, it is important to know the exact dimensions of the frame in order to determine the width of the door block together with the frame and thereby know whether it will fit door block into the opening and, if so, how much space will be left on the sides. In addition, the width of the door frame determines whether additional additions will be required or not.
Sectional view of door frame pillar
Telescopic and simple door frame
Based on the method of attaching the platbands to the door frame, a distinction is made between a simple frame and a telescopic one. The telescopic door frame has a slot for inserting a telescopic platband into it. Attached to a simple door frame simple platbands using special nails without heads or glue.
What material is the door frame made of?
The coating of the door frame is almost always the same as the coating of the door leaf (veneer, laminate, eco-veneer, PVC), but the base can be of two types: homogeneous and combined. A homogeneous box is a box consisting of one material, usually solid pine or MDF.
In our online store of doors, solid wood frames are supplied with doors from the "Ocean" factory and economy class doors for painting "Canada". MDF frames - almost all laminated doors.
The combined material of the box necessarily includes MDF and some other material, for example, thick plywood, chipboard, solid wood, etc. This method of making the box gives it rigidity, and also ensures the box's resistance to deformation from the effects of temperature and moisture.
Door frame seal
This is a soft element in the form of an overlay, which is attached along the entire perimeter of the door frame - in the place where the door leaf adjoins the frame. The seal provides sound insulation, thermal insulation, and prevents the penetration of odors. In addition, the door closes softly and silently and does not rattle against the frame.
Embedded fittings
The door frame is mainly sold in the form of sticks (blanks), which are sawn by a craftsman at the place where the doors are installed. right size and at the desired angle, they cut the hinges and the strike plate for the latch into the box.
But doors with factory-installed fittings are also sold. The hinges and striker are already cut into the box, and the box itself is sawn to the desired angle and size. Such doors with embedded fittings include almost all doors with a rebate (otherwise they are called " Finnish doors"). In our online store of rebated doors, we present doors from the manufacturers "Karnoderevshchik" and "Mario Riolli".
Threshold for interior door
This is part of the door frame (lower crossbar) which serves to tightly close the door, which provides significant sound and heat insulation. In a residential area, provision of these conditions is required mainly only for the bathroom. That is why it is customary to install thresholds only on doors to the bathroom and toilet.
Although modern tendencies renovations show that many do not install thresholds in the bathroom, preferring simplicity and convenience. As an alternative, you can use an automatic threshold, which is built into the door leaf and lowers when the doors are closed.
Door frame installation
The door frame is installed in such a way that the gap between the door leaf and the frame at the top and sides is uniform and is no more than 3 mm, and at the bottom between the door leaf and the floor is 8-10 mm, depending on the flatness of the floor. The door should not close on its own when in the open position.
The frame can be attached to the doorway in three ways:
First way- the box is fastened with dowels in three places - in the places where the hinges are attached and under the striker plate. This is a more aesthetic method of fastening, when all fastening points are hidden under the fittings.
Second way- the box is fastened with dowels in six places, three on each side. The box is drilled with front side through, and after installation the holes are closed with plugs, similar to how this is done when assembling cabinet furniture. This method of fastening is more reliable and durable.
Third way fastening the door frame - the frame is attached using iron plates (canopies). The plates are attached to the inside of the frame in six or more places, and then these iron plates are attached to the doorway. This method of fastening combines the advantages of the first and second methods, but is more labor-intensive and more expensive in installation costs.
If the box comes with accessories, it is better to install them together with the box. The box for the extensions must have a groove (recess) into which the extensions are inserted. Otherwise, when installing the extensions, the master will have to prepare the box for the extension, which will cost additional money.
Doorways in walls and partitions are filled with door frames with door panels hung on them. Structurally, a door frame, like a window frame, is a frame, the dimensions of the elements of which depend on the location of the doors and their type. When the doors are opened in swing, the frames have quarters on the inner surface measuring 15x40 mm for the rebate with the door leaves.
Door frames in openings stone walls, which, as a rule, have quarters, are secured with nails or ruffs driven into special wooden inserts in the masonry of the walls of the openings or directly into brickwork walls Before installation in the openings of stone walls, door frames are antiseptic and lined with roofing felt or roofing felt, the gaps between the wall and the frame are sealed with caulking, and the slopes are plastered cement-sand mortar(Fig. 25.13.).
In partitions, door frames are attached to the trim elements in the openings, and the gaps between the partition and the frame are closed with platbands. The platbands below the floor can end with bedside tables - short profiled strips that close the gaps between the floor and the platbands (Fig. 25.13.c. and 25.14.a.b.).
To fill doorways in interior walls and partitions in civil buildings of mass construction are usually used wooden doors, the leaves of which have a thickness of 40 mm, a height of 2000 mm and a width of 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1100 mm (single-leaf doors); as well as height 2300 mm and width 1200, 1400 and 1800 mm (total width of double-leaf doors). For utility rooms, for example, sanitary facilities, it is allowed to use door panels with a thickness of 30 mm and a height of at least 1800 mm (doors to bathrooms, toilets, storage rooms, etc.).
Rice. 25.13. Fastening door blocks to walls and partitions and hanging door leaves:
a – location of plugs-liners in the masonry walls; b – fastening the door frame to the wall; c – the same, to the partition; d,e, – hanging swing door panels; e - the same, with swinging canvases; 1 – door frame; 2 – insert plug; 3 – quarter in the wall and box; 4 – caulk; 5 – ruff; 6 – door leaf; 7 – roofing felt; 8 – platband; 9 – harness; 10 – handle; 11 – door closer; 12 – loops; 13 – upper hinge; 14 – lower hinge-thrust with door closing mechanism
Rice. 25.14. The connection of the lower part of the door frames to the walls and partitions and the structure of the door leaves:
a – the bottom of the door frame in the wall opening; b – the same, in the partition opening; c – panel door leaf; g – the same, paneled; d – detail of the panel sheet with a strapping frame; e – the same, without frame; g, h, j – part of a paneled fabric with a timber frame having a groove for the panel; and - the same, with fastening the panel with layouts; l – carpentry cloth with dowels; m - the same, on slats; 1 – platband; 2 – bedside table; 3 – joinery slats; 4 – facing with veneer or plywood; 5 – frame; 6 – platband; 7 – box; 8 – dowel on glue; 9 – panel; 10 – layout; 11 – influx; 12 – key; 13 – bar
Entrance doors to the apartment with landing or corridors have a width of 900 mm with reinforced door leaves and frames with thresholds, for the entrance to rooms - 800 mm, and to utility rooms
rooms - 600 and 700 mm.
The design of the door leaves depends on the purpose of the doors and may be panel, panel or strapping. The panel door leaf consists of a timber frame frame, which is filled with a solid panel of bars or slats, or a frame of bars or slats and is covered on both sides with plywood veneer, fiberboards or plastic. Panel sheets can also be without strapping in the form of a solid slab of bars or slats, lined with plywood veneer or fiberboard (Fig. 25.14.c.d.e.)
Paneled the door leaf consists of an external vertical and horizontal trim located around the perimeter of the leaf, mullions (intermediate elements) and filling between the trim and mullions, called panels (Fig. 25.14.g.zh.z.i.k.).
Panels arranged from boards, plywood, fibreboards, plastic, while interior doors are made with single-layer panels, and entrance doors are made with multi-layer panels with a gasket, if necessary, between layers of insulating material. Paneled doors are used in unique buildings, in individual construction and etc.
Doors strapping designs have strapping made of solid wooden elements and filling in the form of flat elements made of plywood, fiberboards, plastic, glass, etc.
For internal entrance doors they use door frames with thresholds and solid door panel hinged panels with continuous filling of the panels wooden blocks or slats, and for interior doors panel boards with frame filling and door frames with and without thresholds can be used with installation mounting boards, which are attached to the lower ends of the vertical frames of door frames, and the door leaves can be hinged or swinging. Swinging leaves are hung on door frames using special spring hinges, which ensure opening in both directions and automatic closing of the leaves (Fig. 25.15.).
To choose the right fittings for interior doors, it is important to know the dimensions of the frame and opening. For ease of replacement work door designs according to GOST were installed standard parameters regarding the dimensions of all elements of the product. However, sometimes they differ from the generally accepted ones. In this case, it is important to know how to adjust your own indicators to the established standards.
Design features
To better understand how to determine dimensions, consider the components:
- Box. A frame that holds the canvas in the opening and fixes it in the desired position. It consists of a top crossbar, two sidewalls and can be supplemented with a threshold.
- Extras. An intermediate link between the frame and the platbands. These elements cover the section of the wall for which the thickness of the slab was not enough.
- Canvas. The door itself, that is, the element that blocks the opening. Mounts on hinges or sliding system. It is also equipped with other fittings: locks, handles, door closer. Can be solid, consist of several parts, combine different materials etc.
Main components of a doorway
If the wall thickness matches the dimensions of the box, additional additions are not required.
GOSTs are established. In individual production, deviations are allowed while maintaining the correct ratios.
Box dimensions
To understand whether extras are needed, you need to know the width door frame. Ideally, it is adjusted to finished walls. If the surface is to be covered with plaster or tiles in the future, leave a small gap if the thickness of the frame does not match the opening. If the width of the elements is too small, then it is necessary to consider the option of using extensions.
The standard thickness of the frame of interior doors depends on the conditions of their installation, in particular on the type of wall structure. Load-bearing sections are always thicker than conventional partitions.
The height is set within 200 cm, but there are also larger products. If the height of the frame was greater upon purchase, this can be easily corrected by sawing off the excess along the side elements.
Schematic representation of the relationship between the box and the opening
The third component is width. Standard sizes are installed at 60, 70 and 80 mm. If necessary, they can be increased. For an accurate fit, the top crossbar is filed before the final connection of the frame elements.
Dimensions of extensions
Extensions are no less important part of the design than the box itself. If you couldn't find a frame required thickness with their help, you can eliminate the disadvantage associated with the presence of a “bare” section of the wall in the opening. Dimensions door trims are selected individually.
There are two types of extras:
- Standard straight. These are even strips that are fixed in the opening. Available with or without protective edge. The exact width is determined by trimming and sawing unnecessary material. Attached with nails or glue. Standard height is 2 m.
- Telescopic. The perfect solution. It is especially important to use telescopic extensions for interior doors in cases where the width cannot be accurately determined. They are installed using a tongue-and-groove locking connection. The protruding part of the extension is driven into a groove machined in the box. This way you can get the right size. The width can be adjusted with reverse side, where the elements are connected to the platbands according to the same principle.
Types of door panels according to the method of fastening
There are door extensions different sizes. Today the range of goods is unusually high. You can select products from 70 to 400 mm on average. This applies to all models.
Key Requirements
To ensure that the dimensions of the box and the canvas match according to established standards, it is necessary to highlight the basic directions of the size ratio, in accordance with the standard GOST requirements:
- The gap between the wall and the box should be 1-1.5 cm, so that there is space for adjusting the position, shock absorption and uniform load distribution through the use of polyurethane foam.
- There is a gap of 3 mm around the entire perimeter between the canvas and the loot. The distance from the floor to the door in the absence of a threshold should be 1 cm.
- For heat and sound insulation, it is envisaged to use a sealing strip around the entire perimeter. If the required gaps are not maintained between the canvas and the box, use a thicker seal.
If the elements filling the doorway violate the standard dimensions, they can be corrected - by filing the frame or removing a layer of the canvas.
Of course, it is not advisable to do this, but if there is no other choice, try not to damage the front covering. To increase the size, inserts and fillers are used.
To avoid getting into a difficult situation, order doors after completing the main work on remodeling and finishing the opening. Special attention Pay attention to the choice of the company, its reputation and the level of qualifications of its employees.
Modern interior doors perform many functions, the main one of which is the delimitation of space different rooms into separate residential areas, for each of which you can create an independent atmosphere, separate various purposes rooms and create absolute various designs interior Also, interior doors allow a person to retire in his own world and space. So, in one room a child can do his homework in complete silence, and in another room there will be a fun and noisy feast for his parents and family friends. If we talk about the aesthetic side, then interior doors can decorate and highlight the interior of a room, highlight some of its elements or visually enlarge the space.
One of the most popular interior doors are doors made of wood. Moreover, wooden interior doors can be either made of solid wood or made of a frame and MDF boards or chipboard. Next we will look at the main structural elements interior door.
False box
False box is predominantly wooden product, which is installed during the construction stage and greatly facilitates the future installation of an interior door. This product is a box into which the door frame is installed. Modern builders usually do not use false boxes - instead they are used polyurethane foam. Polyurethane foam fixes the doors in the opening, and the fixation process itself is very simple, inexpensive and quick. However, polyurethane foam is short-lived and over time the door becomes loose. If you install a false frame in the opening, this situation will not occur - the doors will be rigidly fixed for a long time.
Door leaf
The door leaf is the movable part of the door that opens and closes the doorway. Door leaves are divided into solid, paneled and glazed. Glazed door leaves are equipped with through openings into which transparent, frosted, colored or embossed glass is installed. Solid doors are distinguished by the absence of panels and glazing.
Paneled doors are distinguished by the presence of flat or convex panels. Panels can be made of solid wood, MDF or chipboard. It should be understood that solid wood panels are used the least often, since when installed in rooms with a high level of humidity, they can change their shape and deform the door leaf or, on the contrary, shrink, which will cause the appearance of unpainted areas on the panels. That is why doors with similar elements require support for certain climate conditions, however, if the panels are made of MDF or chipboard, they are not so sensitive to humidity levels and temperature.
It should be understood that the canvases are made of solid wood or a frame made of solid wood with honeycomb filling and MDF panels or chipboard. Doors made from whole piece solid wood, have a large weight, which requires the installation of more durable door hinges which need to be looked after more carefully. Unlike solid wood doors, frame doors doors light, which does not place special demands on the quality and strength of door hinges.
Door frame
The door frame (frame) of an interior door is a fixed element, which is made of solid wood or MDF and is a profile to which the door leaf is attached. The door frame is securely installed in the false frame. In case of foaming, the door frame is installed directly in the doorway and attached to the wall. It is necessary to understand that during assembly, the dimensions of the door frame are adjusted directly to the door leaf, and not to the door connector in the wall.
The box consists of two vertical racks and one or two crossbars. Special slots are made in the vertical and transverse racks, which allow the installation of telescopic trims. If such an element is not provided, no slots are made.
In terms of stylistic design, the door frame is made to match the color and texture of the door leaf. However, it is not always made from identical coating material. For example, you can find doors from natural veneer with door frame artificial turf to match the color and texture of the natural veneer of the door leaf.
Interior door frames
Platbands for interior doors are decorative overlay elements that hide the junction of the door frame and the doorway. The connection of the door frame can be either foamed or with a false frame. Platbands are traditionally made from various materials, among which the most popular are platbands made of solid wood, veneered MDF or plywood. According to the style of execution, platbands are divided into flat, figured and semicircular.
It should be noted that, depending on the installation, there are overhead and telescopic platbands. Overlay trims are simply applied to door elements and part of the wall and are attached using adhesives or fasteners. Telescopic trims differ in a special method of fastening, which is provided at the production stage of the door frame. At the production stage, slots are made in the door frame into which special guide elements of the platbands are inserted. This solution allows you to install the platbands perfectly evenly relative to the door frame and door leaf.
Door access
The door addition is an assembly decorative element interior door, which is used if the width of the door frame does not match the width of the wall. Dobor represents wooden panel, which is installed between the platband and the door frame, which allows you to elegantly hide the excess of the wall, which was formed due to the difference in the width of the door frame and the wall.
The use of extensions made it possible to aesthetically solve the problem by finishing the section of the wall that was not covered by the frame. Previously, this part was covered with wallpaper, putty applied or painted. With the advent of door extensions, this problem was solved by itself. There is no need to invent anything, and most importantly, there is no need to draw out and level the corners of the doorway - they are completely formed by platbands and additional trim.