Huge selection There are different types of liquid emulsions and various mastics on the market. This demand is justified by low costs and easy to use material. Liquid waterproofing for concrete is divided into two types:
- liquid glass;
Waterproofing as liquid rubber
If insulation with liquid rubber is used (a water-based base using a polymer-bitumen material), a cold composition is applied to the concrete. Organic emulsion can be applied in several ways:
- spray bottle;
- brush;
- roller
If you use a spray bottle, the job will be done faster. It is necessary to crush the bitumen into small pieces (almost into powder) and mix with water. This composition has minimal thermal and electrical conductivity properties. Its versatility is its main advantage. It is applied to surfaces different types: plastic, stone, concrete and even iron. Bitumen in liquid form is used for waterproofing foundations, ceilings, walls and artificial reservoirs. This list is not complete; the range of applications is quite extensive. Some DIYers may add automotive paint to the mix.
The advantage of this mixture is the absolute absence of seams. Concrete as a material is quite difficult to use. It has a rough surface and is covered with irregularities around the perimeter. That is why a liquid emulsion is used, which makes the top coating holistic and creates a kind of film that prevents moisture from getting inside. In general, it has its advantages:
- resistance to external irritants (changes in humidity and temperature);
- harmlessness of organic matter; simple and quick application of the material;
- elasticity of the mixture;
- smooth and continuous coating (increases the moisture resistance of the material);
- You can paint different areas if they have been deformed.
There are also negative sides, which can affect the quality of the material:
- Before the treated area is completely dry, it must be protected to avoid chipping and damage to the coating;
- to increase the service life of the material, it must be coated with external protection;
- the mixture has a rich black color, which attracts the sun's rays like a magnet.
Therefore, you need to paint the perimeter in light color(without using solvent) after the mixture has completely dried. It is better to apply waterproofing on a dry base; if the mixture is applied to a wet area, this can lead to destruction of the structure. Coatings created on the basis organic solvents and containing bitumen, are used for rooms with good ventilation and outdoor work. It is also better to use them in small areas.
This mixture will remain elastic even after complete drying. This is a good property, because when the structure itself deforms, chips or cracks appear, the coating will only stretch a little. If compared with liquid glass, there will be no such effect.
Principles and technology of applying liquid rubber
First you need to prepare the surface for work. It needs to be cleaned, old sections dismantled, if necessary, moisture removed and degreased. Liquid bitumen coating can be applied even at the hardening stage concrete mixture, immediately a couple of days after pouring. This process will not affect the waterproofing or the foundation itself. For good adhesion of the waterproofing to the base, the surface must be treated with a primer. Insulation with bituminous material should be carried out in cool seasons; if it is carried out in the summer (at a temperature of 50˚C), the quality of the mixture will significantly decrease. The emulsion itself is applied using a compressor, optimal thickness the layer should be 3-4 mm.
Afterwards, the material should completely harden, this happens approximately 5 hours after installation, at a temperature of 20-22˚C. The coating is applied in two layers, but not earlier than after 24 hours. There is one caveat - if bitumen waterproofing If applied with a roller or brush, the first layer should be applied with up/down movements. And now the second layer to the right/left. With this application of the material, the consumption will be 1 m 2 per liter for one layer.
If it is not possible to use a bitumen coating, then concrete waterproofing with liquid glass is used. When a solution interacts with concrete covering, the mixture penetrates into all cavities and cracks in the form of crystals, such a solution is also waterproof. This waterproofing is used on all surfaces and areas as the previous one. The main difference of the coating is its property as an antiseptic - it prevents the formation of fungus on the surface. The service life of such material exceeds five years.
When using liquid glass, waterproofing is:
- coating;
- penetrating.
A coating made from a silicate solution is applied with a brush in one or two layers. Then the surface needs to be treated with another material, for example, rolled material, in order to protect the previous base. With this treatment, the solution fills all the unevenness of the cement. This method can be used even by a beginner, as it is quite easy to use.
Penetrating insulation is used locally, in places where seams, joints are sealed and, if necessary, on a quick fix eliminate the leak. You can add glass to the concrete solution itself during the first construction work.
Liquid glass: features
If you need to protect the surface from moisture, waterproofing with liquid glass is used. It is worth remembering that its crystals quickly harden. To save material, it is better to seek help from specialists.
Main advantages of the material:
- low composition consumption;
- low cost;
- good adhesion of the mixture to the base;
- After covering the area, a surface with a water-repellent effect is created.
The disadvantages of this mixture include:
- the composition is not elastic;
- solution for a short time hardens, difficulties arise in application;
- used only as an additive to other types of materials.
How to make the composition correctly: proportions
If glass needs to be added to concrete, then the mixture is first diluted with water in a ratio of 1:15 or 1:10, then immediately added to the cement. Before treatment, the surface must be thoroughly cleaned and scraped off. After application, the composition penetrates the surface approximately 2-3 mm. If necessary, the layer can be made larger. At 100% of the volume of the concrete mixture, glass should be no more than 5%. With a higher percentage, the mixture will harden quickly, making it more difficult to work with such a solution.
To ensure that the structure of the glass does not change its appearance, the composition needs to be mixed only once. The work should be done quickly until the solution hardens completely. There are other mixture ratios:
- if used as an impregnation, then the proportion of water and glass is 1 to 0.4;
- as plaster, the ratio of glass, cement and sand is 1:2:5;
- if the composition for the base and basement is used - 10:1 (ratio of cement mortar to glass).
Basic rules when working with liquid glass material
The mixture has a fairly thick consistency, hardens quickly and does not leak out of cracks and defects in the walls. When combined with water, an alkaline reaction occurs, although in its form the substance is harmless. If the product gets on your skin, rinse quickly with running water. When working with liquid glass, you need to use latex gloves. The composition can be applied in several ways:
- roller;
- brush;
- spray gun.
Before using the composition, you need to treat the surface well - remove all contaminants, if necessary, even scrape off old areas and defects. Then prime the surface and degrease it (putty is used for this). Important nuance– glass is never added to the finished cement mixture. At the mixing stage, it is added dry to the concrete.
The waterproofing process itself is not so complicated if you follow the instructions:
- First you need to clean the surface with sandpaper or a metal brush.
- Apply primer and degrease.
- Apply the composition in two layers; to improve the quality, you can use 3 or even 4 layers. When applying the composition, first take a spatula, then go over the surface with a roller to eliminate minor defects (bubbles).
- At the end of the work, you can go over it with a squeegee.
The waterproofing layer will average 4-5 mm. Each layer is applied after at least 30 minutes.
Why does concrete need to be insulated? This is necessary to protect the base from moisture and corrosion, even if the composition was correctly calculated and laid.
Over time, any coating can become deformed. Liquid concrete waterproofing provides reliability and ease of use.
Of all materials for waterproofing concrete best performance have liquid compositions: coating, membrane or deep penetration. Their main advantage is the absence of seams and high adhesion to working surfaces; they also benefit in ease of application, service life, reliability, environmental safety and resistance to external influences. The only drawback is considered high price, but the improved performance justifies it. The scope of application is universal, it is used in private construction to insulate basements, blind areas, building foundations, floors, ceilings and walls, and in industrial construction for the protection of hydraulic and underground structures.
The term " liquid waterproofing» applies to both one- and two-component ready-made solutions, as well as mixtures diluted with water. They are applied thin layer: with a brush, spatula or sprayed onto prepared concrete, the drying time for most modern brands is minimal. Upon completion of the isolation procedure working surface becomes impenetrable to external moisture and more protected from external influences. The final effect depends on the type of composition used: coating compounds form a reliable thin coating with enhanced adhesion, deep penetration options improve the structure of the concrete composition itself.
The main difference from rolled materials or standard bitumen mastics is the enhanced quality of adhesion to the working plane. The principle of operation of penetrating insulation is based on the effect of one-way diffusion: moisture molecules penetrate deep into concrete and, instead of destruction, form a crystalline structure that protects the pores. Surface marks interact with top layers and cover joints and cracks.
There are three main types of waterproofing compounds:
1. Liquid rubber is a latex solution that forms a thin elastic membrane with high hydrophobic properties after 24 hours (time of final polymerization). This variety is sprayed or applied with a roller and adheres well to vertical structures. The recommended scope of application is waterproofing the base and external walls of the foundation.
2. – a solution of sodium salts, which greatly enhances the water-repellent qualities of concrete. This substance can be used as an additive in building mixtures and for subsequent waterproofing.
The advantages include the absence of the need for preliminary priming, low cost and good penetrating properties. But for structures that are constantly in contact with open ground, this option is not suitable.
3. Compositions based on mineral (cement) deep penetration. Most effective method enhancing water resistance and frost resistance. The method consists of applying one- or two-component solutions using a brush; the second type is not only applied clean water, but also a liquid that enhances the polymerization process. They penetrate deeply into the concrete structure and strengthen it.
The main criterion is the operating conditions and the type of surface being treated. All types of insulation provide good protection from fungus and are safe for health, but not all of them are universal. The following factors are taken into account:
1. Price of materials. In this regard, liquid glass definitely wins; the most expensive are cement-sand glass with unique additives.
2. Humidity level, there is no point in covering surfaces with constant contact with salt solutions, for blind areas, flooded rooms, and at high groundwater the best option considered brands of liquid waterproofing for deep penetration concrete.
3. Polymerization speed. Liquid rubber sets in 15 minutes and reaches maximum protective properties within a day. The effect of deep penetration brands manifests itself and intensifies over time.
4. Complexity of installation, need for additional equipment. Waterproofing with liquid glass is the easiest way to carry out; latex emulsions and mastics require preliminary priming, cement mortars are applied in two layers and diluted extremely carefully (the processing of especially critical objects is entrusted to specialists). Most economical consumption observed when using a sprayer, but not everyone has it.
5. Service life of waterproofing. For sodium salts – no more than 5 years, liquid rubber – 10-15, cement compositions– from 15 and above.
6. Slot sizes. If necessary, waterproofing joints top scores show latex emulsions. Penetrating species that form a single crystalline structure with concrete are relevant for microcracks.
Cost of liquid formulations
| Brand name | Type of waterproofing | Application area | Weight, kg | Price, rubles |
| Knauf Flachendich | Cold latex-based mastic. Suitable for application on slightly damp concrete | External and internal works | 5 | 1420 |
| Ceresit CR 166 | A two-component mixture with elasticizers with high elasticity and frost resistance, provides good protection of concrete from carbonation | 10 | 3080 | |
| Liquid rubber Rapidflex | Bitumen-latex emulsion, applied as a single-layer membrane | 200 | 31150 | |
| Elastopaz | One-component liquid rubber | 18 | 4950 | |
| Euromast | Acrylic-based polymer mastics | 20 | 3000 | |
| Masticov | Sodium liquid glass | Ceilings, floors, attics and basements, swimming pools | 15 | 250 |
| Himitex | 300 | 5800 | ||
| Aquamat-Penetrate | Penetrating waterproofing cement based | Basements, elevator shafts, foundations, blind areas, hydraulic structures, underground structures | 20 | 2200 |
| Lakhta | 5 | 1050 | ||
| Penetron | The same, with the possibility of improving the water and frost resistance of concrete and protecting them from aggressive agents | Any surfaces with pores and cracks within 0.4 mm | 25 | 7500 |
Hydraulic insulation of concrete with special compounds is important when constructing new buildings and preserving existing ones. At correct processing old foundations protective materials from dampness, the buildings are still in use a long period. The most common drawback of old buildings is corrosion of iron reinforcement. The means used make it possible to get rid of the deficiency and operate concrete buildings longer.
Penetration of an aggressive environment and salt substances into the finished structure destroys concrete and iron from the inside. Therefore, additives to concrete for waterproofing can prevent such factors. Treatments are also used to achieve the same result on finished structures.
Description of the concrete waterproofing process
Penetrating concrete waterproofing uses a wide variety of preparations offered by the industry. But some of them have proven themselves better than others and are chosen by builders more often. Concrete waterproofing Penetron belongs to the category of the most selected materials. It processes strategically important buildings, such as bridges, or rather their concrete part, which is lowered into water streams, concrete walls on embankments that protect cities from rising water in rivers. The composition is also able to protect the structure from temperature changes and constant exposure to water. For a long time Hydraulic insulation means were used, which covered only the surface with a protective layer in the form of a film coating, and with a small scratch, water flows seeped inside and continued their destructive properties.
Now new tests have made it possible to create a material that is very different in composition from the previous ones, which, covering the concrete part, not only insulates it from above, but also penetrates inside, seeping through all possible ways, small capillaries and depressions. By processing concrete, he copes with corrosion and destruction.
Benefits of Penetrating Insulation
Penetrating insulation helps control the impact of factors such as:
A high content of chlorine in water, which destroys the metal parts of the concrete structure and corrodes the metal,
Frequent wetness of a building located on the street, the impact of changes in seasons on concrete, radiation from solar activity. Penetron, connecting to the concrete carrier, increases its density, which allows you to stoically resist the effects of aggression from nature.
When the composition gets into the depressions and small cracks, filling them, it produces a healing process, that is, they are covered with the mixture and completely disappear.
How to work with Penetron mixture
The use of the building mixture involves diluting it with water to the state of thick sour cream and applying it to a surface previously moistened with water. You can spread the composition with a brush or roller. First, corners and areas with depressions and cracks are processed. Then it is rolled out over the entire required part of the concrete.
When applied, the components of the creamy mixture penetrate into the thickness through capillaries and cavities and clog them. When interacting with a concrete base, an impregnated crystalline crust is formed, strengthening and making durable concrete. Crystals prevent the penetration of moisture, but freely allow air flow, which allows maintaining a favorable atmosphere in buildings. The Penetron mixture can be used to treat external walls and in the middle of buildings, which will create completely impenetrable protection.
In other words, this effective composition, which comprehensively processes concrete and if any damage or cracks occur, the mixture, with the help of crystalline formations, tightens the problem areas and the protection becomes complete again.
Liquid waterproofing method
Liquid waterproofing of concrete is the next treatment method. Adhesion of every millimeter is important point. Otherwise, what is the use of the treatment if it is not stuck over the entire surface and has gaps.
This occurs when applying rolled hydraulic insulators, through which air penetrates in some places, followed by water.
Difficulty of processing concrete base The problem is that it is difficult to make it even and the rough, wavy surfaces do not allow for good hydraulic insulation. This is where a method comes to the rescue, in which complete coverage is achieved and omissions are impossible. Liquid rubber will cover the entire surface, both before and after leveling.
To apply liquid hydraulic insulation to the floor, a preliminary screed is done, but only in order to save material. But in those cases when you need to make hydraulic insulation inside the concrete, that is, do it and fill and screed on top, liquid rubber is just what is needed.
The more curved the surface, the harder it is to make complete hydraulic insulation, but this does not apply to the composition of liquid rubber; it freely covers up all errors in the structure.
Another important fact is that liquid rubber can be applied to a layer of concrete that is not completely dry. That is, the rubber compound applied to a concrete base that was poured five days ago will waterproof it and will not lag behind anywhere, and hydraulic protection can be applied to the floor part already on the third day after pouring.
Bitumen and other insulators work only on a dried and thoroughly cleaned base. Before applying, you need to check that there are no puddles left on the base; they are not visible to the eye, so you can run your hand and see whether it is dry or not. If there are places where your hand feels a little moisture, you need to dry these areas. How to dry it, you can blot it with a piece of foam rubber. If your hand does not feel wet, and the surface is cold and slightly damp, you can spray the rubber protection.
Rubber makes the suit completely seamless over the entire surface. That is, when covering, not even a hint of any connecting overlap is formed. Full steam and hydraulic insulation occurs. It turns out that the area treated with rubber is enveloped on all sides. Excellent protection against moisture and gaseous substances.
Advantages of liquid rubber
Formaldehyde causes minor damage:
- Hydrochloric acid is harmful only at high temperatures,
- Hydrogen sulfide does not cause any harm.
Liquid rubber protects concrete bases from water and chemical reagents, but will not protect against mechanical ruptures. Therefore, usually a screed is made on top of the applied composition, if it is a floor, and a coating of other materials is applied to the sidewalls.
Waterproofing materials
If you need to hydraulically isolate concrete plates foundation from the outside, then to prevent damage, foam plastic or insulation is laid on top of the rubberized base, and this is how the backfill is made.
When waterproofing concrete, different materials are offered, consisting of mastics containing bitumen and polymers. Technoprok produces environmentally friendly and high-quality mastics for insulating concrete surfaces.
Do-it-yourself concrete waterproofing can be done using Rapidflex and Technoprok brands of liquid rubber. These are emulsion compositions that can be used to treat basements and other concrete premises independently, but using equipment adapted for this purpose. Rubber compounds cannot be applied with brushes or rollers; they must be sprayed onto the surface so that the liquid is evenly distributed and adheres.
Materials for liquid waterproofing
To work with a brush yourself, you can use coating liquid rubbers, which are available in the form of a paste. Elastopaz or Elastomix materials have such a consistency that they can be worked with a spatula or brush.
In order for these rubbers to adhere well to the concrete base, its surface must be coated with primers that will promote good adhesion of the liquid rubber and concrete. Hydraulic isolation liquid formulations rubber provides protection from water and radon.
When using adapted equipment and spraying the room with rubber, the whole process occurs as follows. On a well-cleaned surface, vacuumed and free of debris, begin applying layer by layer of liquid rubber.
During work, it is advisable not to stop and spray in uniform stripes. All work should be done quickly, since the rubber composition quickly hardens and a continuous crust is obtained.
Protection of buildings
Protective work for concrete buildings is simply necessary, no matter what the concrete is, with correct proportions batch, with the addition of an additive to concrete for waterproofing, with the use of various additives, without additional protective film, it will begin to deteriorate and collapse over time. Corrosive processes occur, but if additional work is done to protect against them, concrete can serve for a long time.
The concrete structures built by the ancient Romans have survived to this day, but, of course, now no one plans to build such durable buildings, but for 50-70 years you can keep the foundation in good condition.
When processing and hydraulic isolation in own homes should be used to close all kinds of cracks and treat corners special compounds. Mastic for waterproofing concrete will block the access of moisture through small cracks formed during drying. The entire surface is treated with it before using any type of hydraulic insulation, except penetrating and using liquid glass. In all other ways, it will help improve the water-repellent performance of hydraulic insulation, fill and level out construction errors and prevent the concrete base from starting to collapse at joints and chips.
Liquid glass for waterproofing
There are several options for hydraulic insulation, which are used for work on large construction sites and for protecting home buildings from water. Waterproofing concrete with liquid glass is one of the options. It is used quite rarely at home, since the composition has the ability to quickly crystallize and harden. Of course, sometimes when constructing pits for storing water supplies, liquid glass in powder form is added to the mixed concrete before it is poured into the prepared and installed formwork. It is quickly mixed, and the composition is compacted into the formwork.
This additive allows long time maintain the integrity of the concrete and prevent water from leaking out. In addition, the added powder protects against the appearance of cracks through which water will leak, but such a hole is short-lived and will have to be further insulated over time.
Construction crews use glass additives when mixing in special equipment, which prevents the glass from crystallizing ahead of time and the prepared concrete will be more durable. There are also options for applying glass to the surface. There is soda glass, which has increased adhesiveness and interacts well with mineral components. This category is used when adding to the foundation and in the manufacture of antiseptic and fire-resistant impregnations.
Potassium liquid glass is resistant to atmospheric influences and is used in the manufacture of dyes. Treatment with liquid glass compositions is often used to protect architectural monuments made of concrete, since the applied glass covers the entire surface with a continuous crystal-like film and water and wind will not be able to destroy the statues. It is also used in places where a fire hazard may arise, and glass, unlike rubber, will not burn and will retain the protective layer.
When adding liquid glass to concrete solutions, precautions must be taken. To prevent the concrete from being damaged, quick mixing and rolling or pouring of the finished solution is necessary. Before adding, liquid glass is diluted in a 1:2 ratio with water. It can be added to the solution and simply sprayed from a spray bottle onto the surface. A layer of liquid glass will restore weathered areas of the concrete base and create antiseptic protection.
Description of the work process
Before use, the entire surface is cleaned of dust, leveled and treated with degreasing compounds. For application to the surface, a spray bottle is used, and the glass penetrates the concrete by 1-2 mm. If it is necessary to increase the protective layer, then it must be applied several times, thus increasing the penetration to 2 cm.
During processing wooden products, you can place it in a vessel with liquid glass to full coverage and impregnation. For basements, you can add 1 liter of glass to the plaster for every 10 liters of solution. Liquid glass is used for hydraulic insulation of basements, screeds, wells and other buildings, as well as as anti-corrosion protection for metal. Wooden floors cleaned before treatment with liquid glass sandpaper. Before starting work, all surfaces are thoroughly cleaned.
There are several compositions that are used for hydraulic insulation. Nowadays, they have been developed that do not dry quickly and can be used at home without the use of special equipment. These compositions are diluted with water in a ratio of 1:2 and applied with a brush to the concrete base. The work process is the same as when painting. The composition of glass has such a peculiarity that if the surface was not completely smooth, then the use of the composition will level it, roughness will be removed and small cracks will be closed.
The use of a new composition of liquid glass makes it possible to make quick hydraulic protection of basements, bathrooms, wooden buildings, sewer concrete drains and wells.
According to building regulations, concrete waterproofing is performed to protect against the destructive effects of moisture.
Concrete structures are widely used in civil and industrial construction.
Many of them, such as a foundation or a well, are hidden by soil, while others are located in open space.
In both cases, concrete is exposed to external influences from which protection is required.
Why is waterproofing needed?
Concrete is an artificially created material, which in its basic parameters is not inferior to natural ones.
It is these properties that served as the basis for the widespread use of concrete in the construction industry. Concrete has the necessary strength and durability.
Concrete contains two main components - binder and filler. During construction residential buildings and factory buildings, cement is most often used as a binder.
The filler can be crushed stone, gravel and sand. In addition to traditional components, special concrete additives are used for waterproofing.
New technologies for waterproofing concrete increase its resistance to the destructive effects of moisture.
Sometimes it is enough to add a certain product to the concrete mixture to provide the required characteristics.
Today, during construction, the following methods are used to apply waterproofing:
- application of coating materials;
- painting with liquid insulating mixtures;
- impregnation with penetrating substances.
There are other ways to protect concrete from destruction due to moisture. This must be done with knowledge of the essence of the processes that occur at the molecular level.
To understand why mixtures are needed for waterproofing concrete, you need to know chemical formula cement.
Without going into detailed description process, it is enough to cite the main ingredients of this substance - calcium oxide, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide. In its original form, cement is a fine powder.
It is important to emphasize that the powder is very hygroscopic, in other words, it actively absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. The instructions for storing cement require that it be protected from dampness.
When cement is combined with water, a chemical reaction occurs, as a result of which the powder becomes a hard stone, which serves as the basis of concrete.
Foundations and structures made of concrete gain their design strength gradually.
It is important to emphasize that concrete does not “harden” or “set.” These terms have the right to be used, but do not reflect the essence of the ongoing chemical reactions.
Concrete reaches its maximum density after all the cement has reacted with water. With further moisture ingress fake diamond will gradually collapse.
To prevent degradation of structures, concrete waterproofing mastic and other materials are used. Reliable protection can be achieved by covering concrete surfaces with liquid glass.
If the waterproofing of concrete is carried out in violation of the technological regime, then moisture will constantly fall on its surface and gradually penetrate inside.
In this case, the penetration of moisture entails very serious consequences.
First, the binder, in other words, the fossilized cement, is washed out of the concrete monolith.
Secondly, as a result of contacts between moisture and reinforcement, the process of metal corrosion begins. After some time, the reinforcing frame loses its strength.
To prevent concrete buildings and structures from collapsing before the standard period, moisture should not penetrate the body of the concrete blocks. To do this, a waterproofing layer should be applied to the concrete.
Materials for concrete waterproofing
Today, when constructing objects, they use various technologies and materials for concrete waterproofing.
Among the most effective are the following substances:
- viscous and liquid compositions;
- roll and tile coverings;
- penetrating mixtures.
Application of any waterproofing to concrete is carried out according to certain rules. Coating a concrete surface with liquid glass is done in the same way as painting.
Viscous materials are preheated and applied with a spatula. For more reliable waterproofing Combined methods are used for concrete surfaces.
Liquid and viscous waterproofing
In order for liquid waterproofing for concrete to fulfill its functions, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules for handling this material.
When treating concrete with liquid glass, the insulating composition penetrates into the smallest cracks and creates a water-repellent surface layer.
The protective film is firmly bonded to the concrete base. It is important to note that liquid glass is usually used to cover surfaces that are easily accessible.
In some situations, in order to prevent the destruction of the protective layer, it is reinforced with a coating of another material. Most often, a polymer membrane is used for this purpose.
A waterproofing layer can be applied to concrete only after careful preparation of the surface.
This requirement must be met not only when working with liquid glass, but also when using viscous mastics. Coating waterproofing for concrete it is most often prepared on the basis of bitumen.
The mastic layer is applied to the previously primed surface. An emulsion based on diesel fuel or kerosene is used as a primer.
The mastic is applied with a brush or spray. To increase the reliability of waterproofing protective composition applied in two layers and reinforced with a polymer mesh.
Roll materials
When pouring garage floors or production premises Waterproofing must be installed under concrete. At such facilities, material is used in rolls or slabs.
For these purposes, roofing felt is still most often used. Liquid glass is not suitable for waterproofing in such situations.
When waterproofing deep foundations, roofing felt is glued in several layers. Experts note that this is a labor-intensive procedure.
In recent years, roofing felt has been replaced by waterproofing materials based on fiberglass, which are characterized by increased strength and long term services.
Fiberglass, impregnated on both sides with a bitumen-polymer mixture, is sprinkled with mineral chips on the outside.
During recent years This type of waterproofing is used to protect concrete roofs from moisture. Liquid glass You cannot work on such objects.
Penetrating waterproofing has high cost and does not justify the expected costs.
The technology of waterproofing concrete with rolled materials is well established, is performed quickly and lasts a long time.
To perform the work you only need gas-burner and a wooden ironing board. The surface is thoroughly cleaned before laying waterproofing.
Penetrants
New materials and technologies regularly appear in the construction industry. Penetrating waterproofing for concrete is a clear example of this.
The principle of operation of this mechanism is that special crystals penetrate into the cracks and pores of the concrete structure and clog them.
This blockage occurs as a result of crystal growth. In turn, growth begins upon contact source material with water.
In this way, the concrete base is strengthened. This method is used to repair dams in cases where the level of concrete filtration exceeds established standards.
When carrying out work on waterproofing concrete using the penetrating method, it is very important to follow the instructions for using the product.
The waterproofing composition is available in the form of powder, liquid or mastic. The first step is to dissolve the powder with water in the proportion indicated on the package.
Then, within 7 - 10 minutes, it is necessary to apply the solution to the concrete surface in two layers. The surface must first be wet.
If the first layer is applied horizontally, then the second is applied vertically, and vice versa. The final fixation of the solution occurs after three days. During this period, it is recommended to spray the concrete with water.
Scope of application
When waterproofing concrete is being prepared, the materials must be selected in accordance with the problem at hand.
Many objects lose their original characteristics over time and require routine or major repairs.
IN Everyday life Often there is a need to carry out additional waterproofing of the basement.
Dampness in basement may appear as a result of rising groundwater levels.
In this situation, the most suitable method of protection would be penetrating waterproofing.
The added component must be properly prepared and the additional waterproofing procedure must be carried out strictly according to the instructions.
Concrete waterproofing work is divided into vertical and horizontal. It is easier to apply mastic and roll materials to the walls.
For multi-layer waterproofing they are used polymer membranes, roofing felt and roll material based on fiberglass.
When applying waterproofing to concrete floors and roofs, impregnating materials are used.
It should be noted that there are no strict restrictions on the use of a specific type of waterproofing for horizontal surfaces.
A specific type of waterproofing material has universal application.
IN Lately quite often there are cases when penetrating materials are used as the main waterproofing element, which WRONG.
Penetrating compounds can be used as one of the elements in a chain of systemic waterproofing materials, but not as the main one. These materials are convenient to use, effective when a new structure (basement, underground garage, etc.) has leaked, but consider them as universal remedy for all occasions - WRONG, especially since they also have limitations (large pores, old leached concrete, etc.).
When repairing an old base, when the external pores are oily or clogged, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the surface of the plaster and degrease it, opening access to the capillary system. Moreover, it will not be possible to do this with a simple iron brush - you need to clean it thoroughly, preferably with sand or water under high pressure. There are other significant points that limit the use of penetrating waterproofing.
The problem of waterproofing foundations actively in contact with water, as well as in cases with limited access to outside foundation, is that the use of traditional waterproofing materials does not always lead to effective protection from water and moisture. To further enhance the waterproofing properties of a concrete structure (foundation), it is recommended to carry out waterproofing from penetrating materials with inside protected structures (basements).
Penetrating waterproofing - cement-sand mixture using chemical additives.
Fundamental difference penetrating compounds from all other materials - the formation of a waterproofing layer not on the surface of the foundation, but in its considerable thickness (the penetration depth of active chemical components can reach 10-12 cm).
Application
- waterproofing of concrete and reinforced concrete structures;
- waterproofing of foundations and basements actively in contact with water;
- in combination with surface waterproofing of the foundation with high level groundwater.
Advantages
- increasing the water resistance of concrete structures (and ONLY! concrete);
- formation of a waterproofing layer in the concrete mass;
- the ability to process external and internal surfaces of the structure, regardless of the direction of water pressure;
- applied to wet surface, there is no need to dry the concrete.
The main advantage of penetrating materials is the ability to protect the structure from moisture penetration from the outside. That's why this type waterproofing has found wide application in the reconstruction of basements and semi-basements, when external waterproofing is no longer possible.
FLAWS
- used for waterproofing on crack-resistant concrete structures;
- anti-capillary protection brick walls does not provide (due to the absence of substances necessary for the reaction in the brick);
- is not used for waterproofing walls made of porous materials (foam concrete, aerated concrete, etc.) due to big size por;
- not recommended for use on foundation blocks prefabricated ( problem area are the joints between them).
The combination of penetrating waterproofing on stable bases and elastic waterproofing on bases subject to deformation can solve many waterproofing problems during the repair and reconstruction of underground structures.
Penetrating waterproofing mechanism
Waterproofing mixture mixed with water and applied to the damp concrete surface. The waterproofing effect is achieved by filling the capillary-porous structure of concrete with insoluble crystals.
Active chemical additives, which are part of the material, penetrating into the concrete, enter into a chemical reaction with the components of the concrete mixture, forming insoluble compounds (crystals), which create a continuous barrier that prevents the flow of water.
The process of concrete compaction develops in depth upon contact with water molecules and stops in its absence. Upon new contact with water, the reaction resumes.
The depth of penetration of active chemical components into the concrete body can reach tens of centimeters. Micropores, capillaries and microcracks up to 0.3-0.4 mm wide (diameter), filled with chemical reaction products, increase the water resistance of concrete by 2-3 steps.
As a result, penetrating waterproofing becomes integral part concrete, thereby forming compacted waterproof concrete.