Plywood of any brand can be easily processed, and therefore all fasteners suitable for boards are, to one degree or another, suitable for plywood. Fastening plywood is carried out in various ways.
Fastening plywood with glue
How to attach plywood with glue is used in furniture production, and therefore FC plywood is used as the material. There are three main methods for gluing plywood - lapping, pressing and rolling.
Gluing plywood by rolling
Gluten, casein and synthetic adhesives can be used for rolling gluing. The essence of rolling comes down to the fact that the base coated with glue and the plywood placed on it are rolled with heated rollers, which press the plywood sheet, promoting rapid setting of the glue.
Gluing plywood by pressing
For pressing, glutinous, casein and synthetic adhesives are used. The technology of press-fit gluing is in many ways similar to the technology of producing plywood from veneer - a base coated with glue with an applied plywood sheet is placed in a press, where under the influence high temperature and pressure, the glue sets and dries
Gluing plywood by lapping
For grinding, only gluten adhesives are used, primarily flesh glues. Lapping is carried out using a heated lapping hammer, which is used like an iron when ironing clothes. The hammer is moved along the plywood grain from the center to the edges. The front side of the plywood sheet must be pre-moistened warm water- to avoid twisting. After the glue has dried, the product is tapped to find un-glued areas. If any, the plywood is either heated (if setting has not occurred due to the rapid cooling of the glue), or is glued with an additional portion of glue, which is applied through lengthwise cut plywood sheet or directly under the plywood using a syringe.
Nailing plywood
Various types of nails and pins are used for nailing plywood, but the requirements for them are generally similar. The length of the nail should exceed the thickness of the plywood sheet by at least 2.5-3 times. It is best to use threaded nails with a flat head, but in the absence of such, others will do. In the event that builders are faced with the task of not spoiling front side plywood best choice There will be wire nails, which are quite difficult to notice. Plywood cannot be nailed along the edge - it may be destroyed. Optimal distance From the edge of the plywood sheet, consider a distance equal to 5 diameters of the nail head. As for the distance between nails, in the case of plywood it recommends a 10-centimeter interval along the edge and 20-30 centimeters in the middle part of the sheet.
Fastening plywood using screw connections
For fastening plywood, self-tapping screws, screws and bolt-nut and stud-nut clamping systems are used. In the first case, self-tapping screws with a hidden or depressed head are used: the requirements for their use are similar to the requirements for the use of nails. When fixing plywood with bolts or studs, holes for them must be drilled in advance, and the distance from the edge of the plywood sheet should be at least three diameters of the bolt rod. In addition, it is highly advisable to use spacer washers: otherwise, the plywood will eventually be cut through.
Plywood flooring is inexpensive and effective means for leveling and insulating the surface.
Plywood sheet is a reliable rough option in a residential area, and due to its reliability and resistance to deformation during mechanical loads, it is often used as an intermediate layer between floor tiles and a cement or metal frame.
Important! If layers of plywood are impregnated with special adhesive composition, you can get a waterproof material for installation in rooms with high humidity.
Experts often use plywood as a base material. This is due to the fact that further exploitation and removal various types the floor covering will be light and not labor-intensive. I took it off and that's it.
It will allow you to level the old coating and prepare it for laying laminate, linoleum and other flooring materials.
Choosing a plywood sheet
First of all, you need to pay attention to the thickness of the product; if the fastening will be done on logs, then the thicker the sheet, the stronger the base will be. We choose plywood about 18 mm, maybe less, but not lower than 12 mm.
The master will need to have the following set of tools with him:
- Self-tapping screws required sizes, from long to short
- Screwdriver for screwing them in
- Electric jigsaw
- Roulette.
To lay plywood on wooden floor need to:
- Make a correct and high-quality cut of the sheets, preferably measuring 60 by 60 cm, and lay them offset by 30 cm for each next row. All sheets that are susceptible to delamination after sawing with a jigsaw must be replaced with solid ones or glued with a special quick-drying construction adhesive. In this case, the flooring will have to be put aside a little until it dries completely.
- We pre-lay the plywood on the floor, numbering the sheets in advance. If everything fits together, there are no errors and no additional adjustment of the material, then we remove everything and begin to work on the wood flooring.
- Cleaning wooden boards from contamination, dust, condensation, check all cracks, remove deep crevices. We eliminate all kinds of deformations and creaking floorboards. We remove all unusable boards and fix loose ones with nails. After a thorough check, we go over the surface with a vacuum cleaner, removing any remaining debris and dirt.
- The prepared plywood squares are laid out on a wooden floor, taking into account expansion joints. The distance between the sheets should be no more than 10 mm, and between the plywood and the wall up to 20 mm.
Attention! Experts advise installing plywood on a wooden floor using an adhesive composition, this will ensure the coating is moisture-resistant and reliable. Another option involves laying sheets with self-tapping screws, the distance between which should be at least 15 cm, along the edges and diagonally, and the distance from the edge should be 2 cm.
Warning! Experts do not recommend using plywood sheets for the bathroom or in unsinkable rooms; excessive humidity will quickly damage the products and cause bad smell, deformation of floors under various mechanical and physical loads.
Tips from experienced craftsmen for laying plywood on a wooden floor
- Before installation, plywood sheets must be stored in the same room where installation will take place. The coating will gain the necessary moisture and adapt to temperature conditions so as not to change later standard sizes. 24 hours will be enough.
- To check the humidity of the room, you need to put oilcloth on the wooden floor overnight; if in the morning it is dry, then you can lay plywood, and if condensation accumulates, then you should either replace it flooring to a more durable and moisture-resistant one, or use a special adhesive composition for mounting the sheet - water-dispersed PVA-based glue.
- If you use plywood covering As the final version of the floor, there is one point to consider. When we lay plywood on a wooden floor, it is necessary to leave a slight gap between the sheets, which can ultimately distort appearance products.
- After laying plywood on a wooden floor is completed, it is important to check how firmly the coating is held. To do this, use a small block that should be tapped on the floor. If an empty, booming sound is heard, then this place is fixed with an additional long screw or the void is filled with adhesive.
Under laminate, linoleum or ceramic tiles . To do this, you need to use FC plywood, class 4/4, with a thickness of at least 12 mm.
Let's start work.
- Installation of a beacon. To do this, you need self-tapping screws that are screwed in to the required height over the entire surface. The beacons are fixed at the corners of a square with sides of 25 cm.
- If you have a screwdriver and a level, lay the logs. These are strips of plywood 25-35 mm wide. They are attached to the floor with construction glue or self-tapping screws, and the voids are removed with plywood blocks coated with glue.
- We are preparing plywood sheets for laying on a wooden floor. We cut it into squares 60 by 60 cm, the same as in the previous version of laying plywood on the base.
- Next, we lay out plywood squares around the perimeter so that the joints of the sheets end up on the bases of the logs.
- To avoid joining four seams at one point, we offset each sheet in the manner of brickwork.
- Now we adjust the plywood exactly to size, removing protrusions and other irregularities.
Attention! So as not to spend more material Before you buy it, you should accurately take preliminary measurements of the plywood sheets. To do this, we lay each of them on the logs and mark the joining place with a pencil.
- We are fastening the plywood to the joists with self-tapping screws, carefully sanding the ends.
Important! When laying linoleum on top, you can fix it with nails, nailing it directly to the plywood. To avoid the formation of cracks, when laying the covering, watch the joints of plywood and linoleum. This will not only provide a reliable and durable installation of the floor covering, but it will also look much more efficient.
- Date: 09/20/2015
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New technologies for finishing rooms also affect floor coverings. In most cases, cork, laminate and parquet board. You should know that such materials can only be laid on a flat surface. That is why quite often people are faced with the need to level floor base made of wood.
For your home, it is better to choose FK plywood; it is less toxic and well protected from moisture.
There are several methods on how you can do this. One of them is leveling the floor base with plywood. In order to carry out all the work correctly, you will need to know how and with what help you can attach plywood to a wooden floor. In addition, you need to know what surface preparation work will need to be done.
Advantages
The principle of leveling a wooden floor with plywood along adjustable joists.
It makes sense to use plywood to level floors, because it has the following advantages:
- Low cost.
- Adjacent layers are positioned perpendicularly, so the plywood sheets will have good strength in all directions.
- Plywood sheets are produced in large sizes, which makes it possible to carry out accelerated installation over large areas.
- Sheets of plywood can bend well without breaking.
- Sheets of plywood are quite easy to transport.
- Such sheets are unpretentious to use.
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Nuances when laying
Laying plywood on a wooden floor is especially important when plank floors dry out, become loose and become unusable. Plywood allows you to make repairs in an optimal way - with minimal money and labor costs.
When laying sheets on a wooden floor, it is important to know the following nuances:
- First of all, you will need to check whether the wooden floors are sagging along the joists. If there are deflections, then it is necessary to completely dismantle the floor covering and repair the wooden subfloor. If the problem is not the joists, then it is best to lay plywood on a wooden base.
- It should be remembered that plywood should not be used where there are big differences temperatures and high humidity. For the bathroom and unheated premises plywood sheets will not work. To check whether the floor has high humidity, you need to tightly lay a sheet of polyethylene measuring 1x1 m and leave it for 3 days. If on inside If there is no condensation on the polyethylene sheet, you can put plywood on the floor.
- The plywood is laid dry with an offset so that at least 3 seams meet at one point. Individual sheets are adjusted to the size of the room, while you need to go around the protrusions and fill the niches. In the process of carrying out such a procedure, you need to remember that between the scattered plywood you need to leave a gap of about 9-10 mm. In the future, these gaps will be covered. There should also be gaps between the walls and the plywood, which will be covered with baseboards in the future.
- To avoid mixing up the fitted sheets during the process final assembly, you need to number them and draw up a plan diagram.
- It is best to cut plywood sheets into squares with sides of 60 cm. This way you can get a suitable number of damping joints. In this case, it will be easier to find delaminations that may not be noticeable in solid sheets.
- Before final installation of plywood, it is recommended to thoroughly clean the base from dust and other contaminants. You can also perform priming, which involves treating the floor surface with a primer.
- Plywood must be laid using glue. If glue will not be used, each sheet must be secured with self-tapping screws along the edges and diagonals. The pitch of the fasteners should be 18-20 cm. The distance from the edges should be 2 cm. The screw heads are recessed.
- Fastening elements will have to exceed the thickness of the sheets in length by at least 3 times. For example, 40 mm self-tapping screws are suitable for 12 mm sheets.
- After installation, the base must be thoroughly sanded. This can be done using parquet sanders and sandpaper with large grains.
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Preparation work
Installation of plywood on a wooden floor must be done correctly and using necessary tools. The technician must have experience with all the tools that will be used.
To lay plywood you need the following elements:
- Screwdriver.
- Electric jigsaw.
- Building level.
- Roulette.
- Self-tapping screws.
- Dowels.
- Wood glue.
- Plywood sheets.
- Seal.
Before leveling a wooden floor with plywood, you need to check the base for suitability for use. In addition, you need to replace old boards and repair creaking elements. It is recommended to check the evenness of the base using a building level.
If floor surface not too flat, then it is worth determining the maximum difference in the base. If you need to smooth out small unevenness, you should use a floor underlay. If there are differences of more than 1 cm, you will need to lay the logs horizontally. They can be set using a water level.
The choice of plywood sheets will depend on the floor covering that you plan to lay. If you plan to lay carpet or linoleum, it is recommended to purchase sheets of thin thickness. If laminate or parquet boards will be laid, you need to purchase plywood with a thickness of 10 mm or more.
The thickness of plywood sheets that are laid under laminate or parquet boards must be no less than the thickness of the floor covering.
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Plywood grade
Before installation, it is important to select the appropriate brand of plywood sheets. It can be determined in accordance with the moisture resistance of the material. For industrial construction, FB and FOF grades are used. For individual works Plywood of the FSF and FK grades is intended for construction.
FK brand plywood can be used in children's rooms or bedrooms, because in the process of its production glue is used without the use of phenols, as a result of which the plywood is harmless to human health. It has an average level of moisture resistance and is resistant to mechanical stress.
FSF grade plywood has an increased level of moisture resistance, wear resistance and mechanical strength. These properties will not change with changes in temperature and humidity. This is achieved thanks to special resins, however it does similar plywood toxic. This material is not recommended for use in living rooms.
Plywood on wooden floors in the house allows you to level the base without dismantling the old one wood covering. The backing in this case prevents squeaking and other problems that may arise. The technology allows you to do the installation yourself without any serious difficulties.
Selection of material for work
Laying plywood on a wooden floor - perfect solution. This DIY rough coating has the following advantages:
- low cost;
- ease of transportation;
- time reduction preparatory work;
- good leveling of small floor defects and increasing the service life of the floor covering;
- strength and wear resistance of the material;
- flexibility, which allows it not to break or crack during operation and installation;
- minimum number of joints between sheets;
- installation is carried out without serious labor costs.
Before laying the material with your own hands, you need to choose it correctly. There are several classifications based on various criteria:
- by grade and type of raw materials used (wood);
- impregnation (its presence and method);
- variety;
- surface treatment method;
- number of layers;
- moisture resistance.
Laying plywood on a wooden floor in a house (subfloor) involves the following recommendations for choosing when doing the work yourself:
- the flooring is made from sheets of the second or third grade, the use of the first is not justified from an economic point of view;
- It is best to use moisture-resistant material in the house, this is especially important when installation is carried out in wet rooms (bathroom, toilet, kitchen);
- flooring involves the use of sheets minimum thickness 10 mm, but this is only suitable for small rooms with low traffic;
- laying technology in more critical premises assumes that the substrate under the finished floor will be made of a material with a thickness of 14-22 mm, such sheets have sufficient strength;
- It is recommended to choose materials sanded on both sides (if possible).
Preparatory work
Preparing a Wooden Floor Before laying plywood on a wood floor in your home, the flooring and surface must be prepared. Do-it-yourself activities are as follows:
- the base for installing plywood must be cleared of debris, dirt and treated with antiseptic compounds; when laying without logs, priming will need to be done;
- checking the condition of the floor, removing and replacing damaged elements;
- if you have time, it is recommended to arrange the sheets vertically and dry them for 2-3 weeks, the temperature should be at room temperature or slightly higher;
- after drying, the sheets are treated with antiseptic compounds;
- Next, it is necessary to ventilate the material;
- if there is a need to increase strength, it is worth treating the plywood acrylic varnish, the coating is made in several layers;
- When laying it yourself, you need to bring the sheets into the room two days in advance and lay them out horizontally; this is done so that the material adapts to the temperature and humidity conditions of the room.
Methods of carrying out work
Installation in the house can be done in two ways:
- laying on an old wooden floor (suitable for small height differences);
- installation along joists (with differences of 1 cm or more).
Leveling the old floor
Installation of plywood on wood flooring In this case, fastening plywood can be done in three ways:
- glue;
- liquid Nails;
- self-tapping screws
It is worth noting that the latter option provides the most reliable fastening of sheets than laying with glue. Adhesive compositions can be water based, two-component, also used assembly adhesive or boostilate.
Installation with glue is carried out in the following order. After completing the preparatory work, the floors are checked with a level. If the vertical difference is less than 1 cm, then you can use the method described below. To compensate for unevenness with your own hands, use a plywood backing, the joints of which are glued with tape.
Layout options for plywood sheets Next, you need to lay out the sheets, which will allow you to cut the source material in the most efficient way. The plywood is pre-laid out, taking into account the seams for expansion of the material under load and with temperature fluctuations (damper seams are 3-4 mm). Leave 8-10 mm between the wall and the subfloor.
Having laid out the sheets, the elements are sawed electric jigsaw to the required sizes. If you need to perform installation for a large room, use squares with a side of 50-60 cm. All parts of the coating must be numbered in the order in which they should be laid later.
When fastening with self-tapping screws, holes are drilled in the sheets, which are then countersunk using a larger drill. When laying with glue, it would also be wise to make additional fastening. The holes are located at a distance of 2 cm from the edge of the part. The pitch between fasteners is taken to be 15-20 cm.
The production of work begins with such elements as niches, ledges, raised podiums.
When attaching with glue and other methods, it is necessary to place the elements of the subfloor with a bandage. It looks like brickwork, that is, each subsequent row is mounted offset relative to the previous one. The easiest way is to offset it by half a sheet. Minimum displacement – 10 cm.
The glue is applied in an even layer 2-3 mm thick to the base. After laying the sheets, they are pressed down with a roller. To ensure greater reliability when installing with glue and to prevent displacement, self-tapping screws are used.
Procedure for laying plywood sheets After fixing, the sheets are sanded with a special machine with a coarse sanding attachment.. Flatness rough coating checked by the rule (with a rod at least 2 meters long). It is applied to the surface and the tightness of the fit is checked. The gaps between the tool and the surface when laying on glue should be no more than 2 mm.
Laying on joists
Laying plywood on joists This method is more labor-intensive, but allows you to eliminate significant defects in the base. When cleaning and checking old coating Special attention is given to the seams between the floorboards. If necessary, they are covered with adhesive to prevent problems (creaking).
Cutting sheets for the floor along the joists is carried out in the same way as in the previous case. First of all, you will need to secure the logs - wooden boards with a section of 40 by 15 mm. The elements are laid on the old coating in one direction. The pitch is selected based on the size of the plywood sheets. It is necessary to ensure that the seam between the elements falls on wooden slats.
Instructions for installing plywood sheets on joists When installing the floor on joists, the boards are secured to the wooden floor with self-tapping screws. The sheets are attached to the guides in the same way. Lay along the joists (between them) soundproofing material. Most often, insulation is used for this. If communications need to be laid, they are placed in a layer of thermal insulation.
It is most reliable to attach the sheets to the guides with self-tapping screws, but you can also use liquid nails. Holes for fasteners are pre-drilled in the same way as when laying without joists (observing the same requirements). Next, the surface is treated using the method described above (grinding).
With proper installation, you don’t have to worry about durability finishing coating and creaking floors. Doesn't have special significance, which method is chosen: with or without lags. It is important to perform the work in accordance with technology.
We are coming to the end of our big topic on creating a high-quality, smooth and durable floor in an apartment. What awaits us today final stage- laying plywood on the floor. After this, you can install any floor covering on the plywood, and here your imagination is entirely yours: linoleum, carpet, laminate, parquet board, piece parquet.
Laying plywood on the floor
Laying plywood on the floor is carried out in several successive stages, which we will now discuss.
Preparing plywood
We place the first sheet in the very flat angle, as always leaving a temperature gap of 3-5 mm between the wall and plywood. Then place the next sheet. We're not fastening anything yet! At the end of the row, you need to cut out an incomplete piece with a jigsaw (we measure everything first). In order for the joints to be staggered, in the next row of plywood we lay a whole sheet opposite the cut one. In this way we lay plywood over the entire floor area.
How to attach plywood?
We approach this process with special care. The plywood should be one piece with the subfloor. No gaps, otherwise everything will creak. Therefore, do not spare the screws, get ready to tighten about 2000 of them :).
Important!
Do not screw screws directly into the plywood! For each self-tapping screw, drill a hole with a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the self-tapping screw (countersink). Due to this you will receive:
- Tightly pulled plywood to the boards.
- Ideally flat plane. Plywood will not warp from many screws.
This is certainly enough labor-intensive process. But if you want a flat floor, don't be lazy! Pick up a drill, a screwdriver and go!
How to lay out plywood?
There are two ways.
- The first one is the simplest, for lazy people. Drill holes approximately by eye at the indicated pitch (10x15 cm). There is a big disadvantage here - some screws can get into the edge of the boards, or even won’t hold between them at all!
- The second way is correct. While the plywood is lying on the floor, we lift each side of each piece one by one and mark on the plywood the middle of each board lying under the plywood. Then, using a long ruler, we draw lines corresponding to the position of the boards under the plywood (in increments of 10 cm - our boards were just 10 cm wide). Next, we draw perpendicular lines with a step of 15 cm. We also make a series of screws on the edges of the plywood.
Important!
We do not drill on lying sheets of plywood in order to avoid drilling through the boards along with the plywood. In order not to confuse the sequence of sheets, we mark each sheet, where and which side it was lying on.
All plywood sheets should be coated with a primer. This will protect the plywood from possible moisture and increase the adhesion of the parquet glue (if the future parquet is supposed to be installed on glue). Prime the bottom of the plywood sheets before laying, and prime the top after the sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws.
Preparing a cork backing for plywood
The plywood is ready. Now we clean the surface of the subfloor - carefully sweep away all the debris. Then we roll out the prepared roll of cork backing on the floor:
Cork backing is essential! It evens out all the micro-irregularities of the boards and ensures that the plywood adheres tightly to them.
We place the cork neatly end to end. To prevent it from moving when laying the plywood, apply a thin strip of PVA glue under the edges of the cork along the joints and near the walls. Then we press down the edges of the cork (especially where it bristles) with the remains of the boards for 3-5 hours.
Fastening plywood to the floor
The cork is placed and the glue has dried. Now we lay down the plywood. It is better to do this together and carefully.
Important!
If you catch the cork with a corner of the plywood, displace it or break it, everything is lost!
First, we put the first sheet of plywood in place. When it is already lying flat on cork backing, all the terrible things are behind us. The sheet can be moved carefully, the cork will not move or tear, it is held in place by glue. Thus, we lay all the sheets of plywood according to the markings and fit them tightly together. If 1-2 mm gaps remain, this will not harm the parquet.
We have laid all the plywood, now we are fastening it with self-tapping screws. First we fasten all the corners, then everything else in any order. The most important thing is to screw the self-tapping screw so that the head is pressed into the plywood and is slightly below the plane of the sheet.
Important!
Do not allow caps to protrude. But don’t immerse too deeply - the sheets may drag!
This is what the laid plywood looks like:
Important!
Pay attention to the edges of the sheets - a line of screws along the edge is required!
Boxes of screws show how many were used. It took us about 2000 pieces for a room of 14 m².
We have laid the plywood, now all that remains is to sweep it and cover it with soil.
This completes the installation of plywood on the floor:
Well, dear readers!
You have made a good, high-quality foundation for your future floor!