According to experts, the most the best option a chimney exhaust device near the ridge is considered. Thanks to this, it will be possible to ensure minimal accumulation of snow around the chimney pipe and completely eliminate leakage in the junction area.
In addition, the chimney height is in this case small, which leads to a decrease in the impact of negative impacts on the device design external factors. According to building regulations, the height of the chimney above the roof depends on the height of the smoke exhaust pipe.
It is not recommended to arrange the passage of a chimney pipe through the roof in the following places:
- Near skylights, since even a weak wind will carry carbon monoxide into the attic;
- at the junction of two slopes, where it is almost impossible to ensure a high-quality connection to the pipe.
Features of the chimney outlet through the roof
For correct and high-quality chimney removal, you must comply with the basic requirements of SNiP. Of course, some parts of the document may be outdated, but it is according to its provisions that the inspection services will check you.
In what cases is it necessary to pass a chimney through the roof? This may be required when building a new house or reconstructing the roof. In addition, laying a chimney through the roof is an indispensable part of the installation. autonomous system heating.
When building a new home, you will know the type of roofing used. It is possible that you will have to organize a complex outlet when it is necessary to install a chimney through a roof covered with metal tiles or usually tiles. Today, the easiest way to ensure the passage of a chimney is through a sandwich roof.
If we are talking about a regular reconstruction, then there is already a chimney and a pre-designated place for it. Of course, when building a new house, it is much easier to install a chimney, since you can foresee in advance the type of roof and the place where it is best to install the chimney.
Chimney installation methods
When you decide to bring the chimney to the roof with your own hands, remember that this is a very responsible undertaking. The most important task is to create good traction. Otherwise, the performance of the chimney will depend entirely on atmospheric phenomena: sometimes the stove will work without problems, and sometimes the smoke will go into the room itself and not into the chimney.
But the most dangerous thing is that a mistake can cause a fire.
In order to provide the device a long period use, the chimney must have good thermal insulation.
Such a chimney will be less affected by changes in air temperature, and most likely will not be subject to condensation.
If the roof is flat, then a pipe with a height of 500 mm is sufficient. If at your house ridge roof, then the length of the pipe will depend on the distance to the ridge:
- if the distance is no more than 1.5 m, then you need to select a pipe with a height of +500 mm to the length of the ridge;
- if the distance is up to 3 m, then the pipe should be at the same level;
- For distances greater than 3 m, the pipe length should be determined based on an inclined line at an angle of 10 degrees.
Inside the room, the chimney must be placed along walls or partitions. The device must be secured in such a way that it is horizontal sections did not exceed 1 m. In addition, the chimney should not come into contact with electrical wiring and pipelines. Correct installation starts from the boiler so that each pipe fits into the previous one. It is best to fasten joints using a clamp. Ensuring the tightness of joints is one of the most important tasks. To seal, it is necessary to use a sealant that does not lose its properties even at too high a temperature.
Junction structures
Chimney pipes are made from various materials: refractory brick, metal or asbestos-cement pipe. Availability certain material requires a special design of the passage through the roof and different system isolation. The type of fuel in the fireplace or stove also influences the choice of design. The fact is that each type of fuel has a different combustion temperature, so first you need to choose the right fuel.
If firewood or coal is used in stoves, it is prohibited to use metal chimneys. To provide better waterproofing it is recommended to make chimneys square or rectangular shape.
A separate rafter system is installed around the chimney. Insulation materials should be selected depending on the type of mineral wool. If the chimney passage is provided on a roof that is in use, then the waterproofing will need to be cut. To ensure maximum reliability, the places where the films are attached must be subjected to additional sealing and a sealing tape must be installed.
That's all, now you know how to install a chimney through the roof. The passage has been made, the pipe has been brought to the roof, now you need to make sure that roofing material fit tightly to the surface and did not allow water to pass through. For this purpose, a special design is used - an internal apron. The installation of such an apron involves the use of internal abutment strips. Usually the strips can be purchased together with other components.
The intersection of a roof with a pipe is one of the extremely vulnerable structural components. At the point where the chimney intersects the roof, a hole is required, which, if the installation rules are violated, can allow water to pass through. Improper sealing of the space around the pipe can cause a fire, and incorrect fixation risks becoming the cause of destruction. In order for the listed formidable circumstances to bypass lovers of Russian steam, you should know how to correctly install a pipe into a bathhouse through the roof. Compliance with the rules for constructing this very important penetration will save you from a lot of serious troubles and troubles.
Principles of arranging roof passages
The space between the chimney and the wall of the box facing it is also filled basalt wool, and outside between this wall and the insulation they leave air gap to improve insulation. From below, on the side of the bathhouse premises, the penetration is covered with a box-shaped casing made of galvanized or of stainless steel. For the final design, the attic side is first mounted steel sheet, then the casing.
The arrangement of the passage through the slope from the side of the bathhouse is made using a metal roof sheet with an oval hole. It is attached with self-tapping screws to the elements rafter system. Before installing the sheets, basalt cardboard and cotton wool are laid in the cut-out opening. Free space is filling non-flammable thermal insulation. A lead roof trim is installed on top. It is adjusted to the roof surface by tapping it with a mallet.
Video on arranging roof penetrations
Standard pipe cutting:
Device for passing through ondulin:
Homemade assembly for passing a pipe through corrugated sheeting:
Information about the rules for arranging chimneys will come in handy independent craftsmen, and customers of construction team services. Compliance with technological requirements will eliminate many negative consequences. Properly executed passage units will provide excellent insulation and extend the service life of sauna chimneys and the sauna itself.
One of the most problematic stages of organizing a ventilation or chimney is their passage through the roof surface. In this matter, there are individual features of installing a chimney or ventilation pipe, which depend primarily on the material from which the ceiling and the roof itself are made. We will learn further about how to make ventilation with your own hands and how to properly install a chimney through the roof.
Do-it-yourself ventilation of a private house - characteristics and features
At the design stage of a private brick house, ventilation is installed directly in the walls. In this case, ventilation is vented outside through the roof. Thus, there is always fresh air in the room, and there is no fungus or mold on the walls.
If natural ventilation does not work well indoors, then it is used to supplement it forced exhaust. However, it is not required if a proper ventilation hole is installed on the roof. The level of ventilation in the room directly depends on the height of the pipe installed in the house. Improperly arranged risers in ventilation shafts above the roof lead to the following unpleasant situations:
- since the ventilation ducts are unevenly combined, the smell from the bathroom and kitchen gets into the bedroom;
- An insufficiently long pipe leads to reduced productivity ventilation system;
- incorrect installation location of the pipe on the roof leads to reverse and incorrect operation of the hood;
- Lack of proper insulation of the ventilation pipe leads to freezing of the channels.
Modern types of roofs are characterized by a complex configuration and design in the form roofing pie. Therefore, in order to install a ventilation pipe through the roof, you need to work hard. If the installation work is performed poorly, damage to the rafters and sheathing may occur. Gaps often appear where the cover is installed on the ventilation hole, through which rainwater ends up in the attic. Therefore, in order to maintain the tightness of the roof during installation work, it is necessary to use special elements for passage purposes.
Ventilation exit by hand: calculation work on passage planning
You need to start working on the ventilation system of a house by drawing up a project or drawing that describes in detail all the passages of the ventilation shafts. It is recommended to remove ventilation pipes from all rooms in which hoods are located and connect them together. The central pipe exhausts air outside through the roof. However, in this case, it is necessary to install special valves that prevent reverse draft. Otherwise, air from the kitchen will flow through the ventilation holes into the bedroom.
Installing ventilation ducts on new roof, installing a pipe is much easier than on a roof that is already equipped. Ventilation passages are installed on the roof to perform the following functions:
- for ventilation of rooms inside the house;
- as fan pipes sewerage purposes;
- for ventilation of the under-roof space in the attic.
In addition, in some cases, television antennas and chimney pipes are installed through the roof. The final top element on the duct system has the shape of a previously constructed section of pipe, which is called the ventilation outlet.
Technologically correctly installed ventilation tube is the key to high-quality air outlet from the room to the outside, while water leaks under the roof in this case are unacceptable.
There are ready-made kits for venting ventilation ducts through the roof. They are particularly airtight. There are two options for such kits in relation to the materials from which the roof is made. They allow you to quickly and efficiently remove the ventilation pipe through the roof, without losing its attractiveness. In addition, these sets have the function of preventing dust and dirt from entering the ventilation duct from the street.
The dimensions of the ventilation passage are determined strictly individually and depend on individual characteristics house, number of rooms, material from which the roof is made, etc. The cross-section of pipes for organizing exhaust can be round, rectangular or square.
Do-it-yourself ventilation in a private house diagram
The simplest ventilation passage mechanisms consist of steel pipe, which is installed in the ventilation hole and fixed using a reinforced concrete or metal glass. At the same time, the roofing penetration has a valve to close the hole and a ring inside which condensate collects.
The lower part of the pipe is connected to an exhaust-type air duct; a deflector or a simple protective umbrella is installed on the upper part of the assembly. In some cases, it is used to insulate pipes mineral wool, in this case, it is necessary to ensure high-quality waterproofing, since this material is unstable to moisture.
The previous option for arranging ventilation with your own hands is outdated. Modern kits for installing ventilation passages are distinguished by their versatility and aesthetic appeal. appearance and ease of installation. Among the advantages of installing ventilation ducts from the manufacturer, we highlight:
- For the manufacture of the pipe, two types of materials are used - galvanized steel inside and light polypropylene outside;
- to fix the output elements, a reliable conductor is used that exactly follows the shape of the pipe;
- the pipe height value is determined individually, depending on optimal length ventilation duct;
- in order to prevent the appearance of ice plugs, installation is carried out thermal insulation material on the pipe;
- in some cases, an electric fan is installed on the pipe;
- the presence of a cap prevents debris and moisture from entering the ventilation pipes.
Some manufacturers do not include pass-through elements with the kit; they must be purchased separately. Please note that the passage part must match the shape of the hole previously installed for it.
With the help of pass-through elements, it is possible to quickly install a ventilation pipe. These works are carried out both at the stage of roof construction and already finished roof. These elements provide high-quality sealing and stable ventilation of a private house with your own hands. Wherein, ready-made kits accelerate installation work at least twice.
Organizing ventilation in the house with your own hands
In addition to the main ventilation pipe, an additional aerator is installed on the roof. Its main function is to prevent the formation of condensation under the roof in winter time of the year. This ventilation part is easy to operate. The air naturally moves through it. Through a special hole, air is supplied to the cornice, and the aerator ensures its release to the outside. A special cover protects the aerator from snow or rain.
In the process of organizing ventilation in a private house with your own hands, special attention should be paid to the place where the ventilation pipe is attached to the roof. It is recommended to install the pipe directly above the riser, thus the ventilation will be most effective. If there are still bends in the system, then a corrugation adapter is used to arrange them. On pitched roofs, it is recommended to install a ventilation duct near the ridge. This method of pipe installation allows most of the pipe to be installed under the roof, and its short part will easily withstand the wind.
Besides, Special attention pay attention to ventilation shafts located above the roof. If they are located low in relation to the roof, this leads to reduced traction. The minimum value of the pipe in relation to the roof is half a meter. For flat roof this value increases threefold.
A properly installed ventilation pipe must be in optimal proportion to the wind load. Otherwise, wind pressure will block the ventilation.
Manual ventilation installation diagram of air duct penetrations
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the instructions for installing a ventilation duct on a roof finished with metal tiles. This technology is also used for other roofing options, however, with some adjustments.
Instructions for arranging ventilation:
1. Decide on the location of the ventilation hole. To do this, it is recommended to draw up a drawing of the ventilation system in advance.
2. On the top of the roof, make a drawing according to the template that comes with the instructions for the kit. If there is no template, then the diameter of the drawing must exactly match the diameter of the pipe that passes through it.
3. Cutting the hole is done using a chisel or metal scissors. The same is done in the lower parts of the roofing pie in the form of heat and waterproofing materials.
4. In relation to the template, you need to drill holes for installing self-tapping screws. Remove water and dirt from the surface of the metal tile, degrease the part of the roof that is located near the pipe installation.
5. Sealant is applied to the bottom of the sealing gasket. The gasket is placed in the place of its installation. The passage part of the ventilation system is fixed to the gasket; use self-tapping screws to secure it. Most often, they come with the main set.
6. A pipe is installed inside the passage element, in mandatory its verticality is checked using a level. Make sure that the installation of the passage element is tight both in the attic and on the roof.
The pass-through pipe must be in such tight contact with the gasket that the sealant is squeezed out of it. To protect the pipe from precipitation and debris, a special protective cover is installed on it.
Do-it-yourself ventilation installation technology in the cellar
Availability is correct organized ventilation in the cellar provides comfortable conditions for storage in it various products nutrition. There are ready-made kits for organizing a ventilation system. However, it is much cheaper to build ventilation yourself.
In order to install the simplest ventilation hood in the basement, you will need two pipes. One of them will perform the function of an extractor, and the second - an element for inflow fresh air. Thus, it is possible to organize optimal natural air exchange.
There are two options for organizing ventilation - forced and natural. The second method is cheaper, but less effective. TO forced ventilation I install additional fans and hoods on the pipes, which improve air circulation.
In order to ensure high-quality circulation, it is necessary to correctly calculate the cross-section of the pipes and determine the location of their installation. The exhaust pipe is located in the lower part of the room, next to the products. Pipe supply type installed closer to the ceiling of the cellar. In this case, both pipes are led out. Exhaust pipe requires mandatory insulation.
To increase the efficiency of the hood, use different kinds deflectors. These devices not only protect the device from precipitation, but also improve their draft. The supply pipe is equipped with a grille that protects it from rodents and insects. Polyethylene or asbestos-cement varieties are used as pipes for organizing ventilation. The first option is different long term operation, easily tolerates temperature changes and moisture, is quickly installed and is lightweight. Asbestos pipes are used less frequently due to their heaviness, installation time and instability to precipitation.
In order to improve ventilation in the cellar, it is especially important for large premises. Hoods and fans are installed on the pipes. Duct fan options are installed directly inside the pipe. Axial fans mounted on the end of the pipe. The choice of one or another option should be justified by the operational characteristics, power and performance of the devices.
Today we will try to figure out how to correctly perform one of the most complex nodes junctions - passage process pipelines for chimney and ventilation through the roof. It is not for nothing that many methods have been tried for this, the best of which we will share with you.
Rafter systems and chimney configurations
The passage of the chimney through the roof can be carried out at almost any slope inclination, with the exception of pyramidal and folded roofs with an angle of more than 70°. Limitations are imposed mostly by common shapes and sizes special fittings for insulation - roof cutting of the chimney.
The pipe outlet to the roof should be located at flat slope, at a distance from the ribs and valleys of at least 1 meter. Firstly, this is the only way to properly install the apron and lining, and secondly, no major interventions in the rafter system will be required.
If ventilation ducts can be routed through the roof with minimal layer lining, or even without it at all, then the chimneys need additional thermal insulation from the roof pie. We will touch on this issue later, but for now we need to make a choice between round and rectangular cross-section well. A well made of brick can be installed quickly and efficiently through the roof; it has the most suitable geometry. Both ventilation pipes and a chimney can be grouped in one well.
A round passage is also possible, but the chimney in this case will require a casing pipe with a diameter of 350-400 mm larger than the chimney. Difficulties arise in securing it in the roof pie; moreover, not every roof cut has a wide enough cuff.
Placement: what you need to know
It is optimal if you are constructing a rafter system with wells and pipelines already installed, however, the sequence of work may be forced to change.
If the channels are already installed, all that remains is to arrange them correctly frame system. The rafters closest to the pipelines should be spaced ventilation ducts by 50-70 mm, they should be removed from chimneys by 200-250 mm. During the heating season, thermal radiation from the chimney is high enough to cause uneven shrinkage of wood and its warping. Change the installation pitch of the rafters and do not be afraid to place pairs of trusses closer than the design distance.
It is better to place the chimney 15-20 cm from the top ridge: this way the protrusion of the chimney above the roof will be minimal and there will be no difficulties with sealing the upper part of the cut. Decide for yourself how to implement this: build a well as close to the ridge as possible or make the roof slopes unequal and bring them directly above the chimney.
Unloading the roof
If you have to break critical elements of the rafter system, which can happen if the rafter installation step is less than the thickness of the well, it is necessary to unload the roof. At 40-50 cm from the upper and lower boundaries of the passage, you need to place horizontal beams 5-6 spans long under the rafters. They are supported by vertical posts so that each of them is located strictly above one of the attic floor beams.
Using a plumb line, the attachment points are marked vertical racks, taking part of the load from the rafters. Each of the broken rafters must be supported in two places - above and below the cut area. If there is a brick well, it is better to unload the rafter system onto it by replacing part wooden racks angle steel bevels.
Even if the opening fits between the rafters, they should be tightened with horizontal jumpers of the same width, forming a convenient pocket for laying a thermal insulation belt. Sometimes, for reasons of saving material, it makes sense to install vertical jumpers at the same distance from the pipe or well.
Cutting an opening in the roof
If the construction of the rafter system and the remaining stages of installation are carried out with the well or pipes laid out, the opening is formed as the roof is assembled, which in most cases does not cause difficulties. If you need to cut an opening in an already finished roof, you should follow certain order actions:
- The roof is unloaded and all the necessary lintels are installed.
- The jumpers that form a pocket for thermal insulation are installed at a distance from the ventilation pipes equal to the thickness of the roof insulation.
- The walls of the box for unlined chimney pipes are installed with an indentation of 200-250 mm. For brick wells and insulated sandwich pipes, the lining is done in the same way as for ventilation pipes.
- Using a plumb line, the profile of the through opening is transferred to the sheathing in the shape of a pipe or well.
- If the roof covering is not resistant to high temperatures, it is cut exactly along the perimeter of the pocket.
- Almost any coating cuts well electric jigsaw or reciprocating saw, if you first screw the cut out fragments of the sheathing to it.
- The distance from the walls of the pocket allows you to cut the coating from the inside, but if cutting is done around the perimeter, you can transfer the markings to the street using through holes at key points.
As a result, the roof is ready for installation of a pipe or further protection from moisture and heat leaks. The specific method of arranging a passage channel depends on its type.
Ventilation ducts, cuttings and cuffs for them
Ventilation passages for cold attic space may not be insulated at all, it is enough to make a neat hole in the thermal insulation, sheathing and roof. But if it goes through the pipes warm air from the house or attic, an imbalance in temperature can lead to the formation of condensation. For this reason, a small belt made of moisture-resistant material such as PPS or polyurethane foam is required around the pipe. The belt is cut into two equal parts and placed in a pocket on both sides of the pipe and secured with polyurethane foam. She also needs to seal the seams and cracks, and then sew up the pocket with plywood, cutting it out in a similar way and placing it perpendicular to the insulation.
WITH front side The roof is installed with a roof cut for the appropriate pipe diameter and slope angle. Most are installed over the roof; some may require simple trimming and sealing.
Chimney lining - do it safely
After installing the chimney pipes, the clearance in the opening is tamped down from below with fine steel mesh. If the pipe is round, then a galvanized steel strip is attached at four points of the opening, forming a casing sleeve. You can avoid this step by filling the entire pocket with thermal insulation, but it will go away more material: The insulator must be packed tightly. For lining the chimney, it is recommended to use foam glass or stone wool 120 kg/m3.
The advantage of the casing sleeve is smooth and neat foramen ovale in the roof, convenient for laying insulation and tightly covered with cutting. For round chimneys, galvanized steel trims are used.
Rectangular wells should be improved with outside using prefabricated aprons. Special cases for chimneys are quite common. different shapes, their main task is to prevent slanting rain from entering the place where the neck adjoins the well.
The chimney is an important part of the roof structure through which gases formed as a result of fuel combustion leave the building. In developing a plan for the construction of a private house, a necessary component is the installation of a chimney in the metal roofing tiles. The passage of a pipe through a metal tile affects fire safety coatings, so it is better to purchase all components in specialized stores. The roof should be protected from possible fire wooden elements rafter system and sheathing.
The design of a chimney for metal tiles, in accordance with state standards, is carried out before the start of construction. Sometimes there are unforeseen situations when making a pipe pass through the roof requires finished house. This happens in cases where an old one is repaired or installed new system heating, the roof is being re-installed. Conclusion chimney it is possible to do it through metal tiles on our own, V difficult cases We invite a chimney specialist.
Before bringing the pipe through the metal roof, experts determine the location of the future chimney. When searching for the location of the pipe on the roof, they are guided by the following established rules:
- The chimney unit in a metal tile structure needs to be completely connected to the roof deck. Pipe sealing is available required condition correct and successful installation.
- On the surface of the area selected on the metal tile roof for the exit of the chimney pipe, snow and other precipitation should not accumulate in significant amount. Additional water pressure on the roof can compromise the integrity of the deck. Besides, excess moisture can cause leakage into the living areas of the house.
- A chimney through a metal tile roof is not installed next to the attic windows. In strong gusts of wind it can be difficult to avoid back casting carbon monoxide and smoke into the building.
All these requirements, as practice shows, are met by the area on the metal tile roof located near or at the very ridge of the roof. A warm zone, free from condensate accumulation, is used for installing the chimney stove pipe. Installing the longest hood, in turn, reduces the negative impact of external atmospheric factors.
If the roof of the building is flat or the ridge ridge rises less than one and a half meters, brick pipe exceeds the height level by 50 cm. A ridge reaching up to three meters requires installation at the same level as it. If the distance to the ridge is significant, exceeding the three-meter mark, experts draw a conditional line to the horizon at an angle of 10 degrees, determining the lifting point for installing the pipe. To construct a hood you need lumber, bricks, insulation materials, and waterproofing films.
The mouth of the chimney is covered with a special umbrella made of roofing material to prevent moisture from precipitation. The chimney connected directly to the boiler room is not covered, as this may impede the exhaust of gases.
The cut for access to the roof in the roof pie can be oval and round, as well as rectangular and square.
Square roof access
Let's figure out how to make an exit for a chimney that has square shape. After the pipe is brought to the roof, it is necessary to complete the structure. The main seal, which ensures adherence to the metal tile covering, takes the form of a special apron mounted on the roof slope using metal corners. Installation of this part begins from the bottom wall exhaust system, the planks are fastened with an overlap of 10-15 cm, filling the elements with a sealing compound.
A metal plane is placed underneath, along which water flows either into the valley or to the very end cornice strip. A metal tie is made with bends at the edges.
The metal tile is mounted on top of the internal apron, then construction begins decorative finishing called an external apron, the part consists of abutment strips. The tightness is ensured by a self-expanding insulating film. To prevent cracking, specialists wrap the brick with a sheet of iron coated with a polymer composition.
Arrangement of a round exit
The main thing in installing a pipe with round is the use of an additional element - penetration for the roof. It is a sheet of metal on which a rubber or silicone cap is attached.
Application modern technologies made it possible to obtain a universal part capable of reliably serving under extraordinary conditions temperature conditions. Selected species materials can withstand temperatures up to - 70 and + 275 degrees Celsius.
The round pipe passes through a cap on the penetration, which is tightened by selecting the desired part, with the hole of the ring 20% narrower than the cross-section of the chimney pipe. The apron is then secured to the roof structure.
Professional roofers usually do not make rigid fastenings, since the pipe may expand and contract due to temperature changes. An elastic clamp equipped with an insulating gasket is placed at the junction of the pipe and the apron. Thus, the connection maintains the tightness of the roof, and the chimney and roof are protected from damage.