How to decorate a cesspool: TOP ideas for camouflage and decoration. Decoration of septic tanks - artificial stone with your own hands How to decorate a sewer hatch

After installing an autonomous septic tank or other type of local treatment plant, it becomes topical issue than to close sewer hatch in the country. After all, quite often this element is not located in the most favorable place - in plain sight, in front of the house. This can be inconvenient, impractical, and, ultimately, not aesthetically pleasing.

Camouflage options

When determining for yourself how to close the hatch in your dacha, you need to remember one thing important condition. With any decoration method, it is important to ensure that access to the hatch, if necessary, is provided quickly and reliably. So you can’t fill the hatch with a layer of soil and plant shrubs on top. But you can hide the hatch with greenery around the perimeter.

In addition to green spaces, there are several other ways to disguise a hatch. These can be decorative elements, for example, three-dimensional figures made of plastic or artificial stone placed around the perimeter, cuts or hemp of wood. If the decoration element is lightweight, it can also be placed on top of the manhole cover.

In one case or another, the following requirements are imposed on decorating materials:

strength;

weather resistance;

relative ease.

Advantages of artificial stone

You can disguise a sewer hatch using a beautiful boulder made of composite material, durable, but hollow inside. This method can be called minimalistic in terms of design. But practical, economical and effective. Artificial stone decoration looks quite massive and leaves a feeling of natural reliability.

It is possible to produce artificial decorative elements simulating materials such as granite, cobalt, sandstone. Around the sewer hatch, you can make something like an alpine slide if you surround the boulder with crumbs from natural stone, a powder of sand, plantings of flowers and shrubs.

Structurally, a boulder made of artificial stone consists of two parts. Inside it is a polymer frame, most often made of fiberglass. This material It is characterized by increased resistance to temperature changes and mechanical stress. In addition, fiberglass is environmentally friendly. A cladding made from a mixture (crumbs) of various natural materials is attached to the frame. This, in particular, can be quartz, sandstone, jasper, etc. The mixed mass is applied to stable frame using various resins.

The weight of most of these decorative elements does not exceed 10 kg. And most often it is about 2-5 kg. Therefore, the boulder can be placed on top of the hatch without any problems. And lay out an artificial lawn around, sow the area with lawn grass, place certain decorative details, landscape lamps, etc. By the way, next to the boulder hiding the sewer hatch, you can place one or two more of the same “stones” to create a beautiful situation.

You can choose how to decorate a manhole on the Plant Technologies website. Here you can order certain decorative elements with delivery and installation. If necessary and desired by the customer, our employees can go to the site, carry out all the work, and develop a project landscape design.

After installing the septic tank, you need to select a cover. If the treatment plant industrial production, then the manufacturer solves this problem. If the septic tank is homemade, then the owner has to take care of masking or decorating the upper part of the structure. How to close a septic tank so that the area looks neat and the smell of sewage does not spread throughout the area? There are many options.

Masking for the septic tank cover

What kind of cover should a septic tank have?

In containers treatment facilities accumulates a large number of drains. It is necessary to close them tightly so that the smell does not spread throughout the entire area. Also, the lid should protect the tank from water and debris from outside and be strong enough so that if a person steps on the hatch, he will not fall into the sewer.

If the septic tank has two or three chambers, then covers are needed for each chamber. In this case, it is necessary to choose structures that will provide convenient access to the sewerage system for inspections, maintenance, repairs, and pumping. It is desirable that they also decorate the landscape.

Beautiful septic tank decor

Main types of sewer manholes

Sewerage systems are designed in different ways. You can choose a neat hatch in a pleasant color or create a miniature flowerbed that will disguise the reservoir with sewage and will be pleasing to the eye. Which option is better, each site owner decides for himself. The choice comes down to two types of septic tank covers:

industrial production;
homemade.

Products can be made of plastic, metal, wood, artificial stone. Depending on the location of the hatch neck and the design of the cover itself, it may be at ground level or rise above it. Color solutions and decorative elements are very diverse.

If homemade septic tank made from Eurocubes, metal or plastic containers, then tank lids are used as hatches. They can be left in their original form, or they can be additionally closed and decorated. This helps to better protect the treatment plant and improves its appearance.

Figures on the lid of the septic tank

Ready-made covers for septic tanks

How to beautifully close a septic tank near a private house or in a country house? In construction stores and catalogs of online resources selling septic tanks, you can find covers for every taste. Most often they are designed as:

Video: decorative models

What you can do with your own hands

Many craftsmen prefer to make covers for wastewater treatment plants themselves. This allows you to save money and design the septic tank the way the owner wants. Hatches are made from any available materials - concrete, wood, metal.

Even suitable for decoration construction garbage– leftovers polyurethane foam, paints, varnish. Figurines for decoration are made from plastic bottles, wire, plaster, wood. There are plenty of options.

How to beautifully close a septic tank is shown in the photo below. The hatch is complemented by a wooden platform, in the center of which is assembled original composition from scrap materials.

Hatch with an unusual composition

Video: making a concrete hatch

Materials for lids: pros and cons

Theoretically, the hatch can be made of any material of the owner's choice. In practice, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. It makes sense to compare the properties of materials and choose the most suitable one for specific operating conditions.

Cover "Castle on the Rock"

Option #1: plastic

Plastic is used by manufacturers of ready-made treatment plants; you can buy a hatch separately in the store. The main advantage of polymer materials is lightness. This makes them easier to install than heavier models. If necessary, such a lid is easy to open, unlike cast iron or concrete ones.

The material does not deteriorate from moisture and retains its original appearance for a long time. The plastic hatch is sealed and reliably protects the septic tank from rain and melt water. However, the strength characteristics leave much to be desired. Plastic is sensitive to mechanical damage, so it is often covered additionally, for example, with decorative boulders or flower beds.

Option #2: metal

The cast iron sewer hatch is a classic of the genre. This a good option for concrete and reinforced concrete septic tanks. Cast iron resists corrosion processes well and can last as long as a wastewater treatment plant. There are models that can withstand loads of up to 25 tons.

Cast iron lids are quite heavy and not easy to lift alone, which creates some inconvenience during maintenance. sewer system. There are lightweight cast iron hatches. They are more practical, but are less durable and durable than their heavy counterparts.

Metal hatch with a pattern

Option #3: concrete and reinforced concrete

If the septic tank is made of concrete rings, you can immediately purchase a lid complete with support rings. This is a structure consisting of the ring itself, the top of which is covered with a plate with a hole and a finished hatch. These covers are extremely strong and durable. They are made of concrete with hydrophobic additives.

The concrete hatch is the heaviest. To make it easier to lift, a metal handle is firmly built into the lid. Septic tanks with concrete hatches are not aesthetically pleasing, so they are covered with decorative compositions.

Concrete ring with a finished hatch

Option #4: stone chips

How to close the lid of a septic tank in the country? Hatches made of stone chips are a good solution because... such structures consist of two parts, each of which performs its own function. To make the frame, manufacturers use polymer materials, most often fiberglass.

Decorative and functional part made of stone chips - small pieces of natural stone glued together. Any material can be used - marble, jasper, granite, etc. The design is light, durable and beautiful.

The materials withstand moisture and temperature changes well. They can support the weight of an adult. The structure itself can weigh from 3 to 12 kg, so there are no difficulties with its installation and operation.

Stone chip hatch

How to close a septic tank with flowers and compositions

The simplest and practical option– choose an inexpensive durable lid and decorate it to your taste. Any materials that are used for landscape decor. The main thing is that they are not too heavy, and that the hatch can support their weight.

Flower arrangements look very attractive. Plants are planted in tires, flowerpots, pots, wooden carts and even shoes. Old car or a motorcycle is also perfect for these purposes if the equipment is placed above the lid and not directly on it.

The photo shows how to close a septic tank with a flowerbed machine:

Flowerbed-machine over the sewer

Decor in ethnic style looks aesthetically pleasing, for example, miniature ivy-covered fences with jars and pots on supporting pegs. For landscapes decorated in country style, this perfect option. They look appropriate in such compositions garden figurines people in national costumes.

Design of a septic tank in ethnic style

You can even create multi-tiered compositions from tires, boxes, etc. In this case, the flowerbed should be planned so that only one element of the composition rests on the hatch, and the rest are simply located nearby. This will prevent the septic tank from collapsing.

When choosing how to close a septic tank, focus on strength, durability, cost, and lid design. The cheapest models are plastic. If the risk that a person will step on the hatch is minimal, then it is best to buy a cover made of this material.

It is better to cover “monumental” concrete or reinforced concrete septic tanks with concrete, metal and decorate them. Great option– model made of stone chips. Such hatches are more expensive than plastic ones, but they last much longer.

Heating: ◄

designer's imagination

wood stoves

engineering communications

climate control equipment

It happens that the sewer cover is in a visible place, and a natural desire arises to somehow cover it. Often the hatch is located outside the yard, and something needs to be done there to prevent trucks and tractors from turning it around. Of course, there are ready-made factory solutions. However, it is not difficult to come up with and build such a decoration on your own.

A few examples decorative design sewer hatch

Before you take on decorating a sewer well yourself, you should study what has already been invented. Let's first evaluate the offer on store shelves for summer residents. It is possible that you will find there suitable option or you will learn creative ideas for crafts: both the first and second will be a positive result. We will try to list ways to decorate septic tanks:

imitation of boulders and stones;
decorative figurines and garden sculptures;
beautiful sewer covers;
all kinds of individual creative solutions from scrap materials;
flower pots;
painting the hatch with bright colors;
masking the septic tank with plants.

Man-made stumps and boulders on a manhole cover

Decorating septic tanks with man-made stumps and stones is a universal solution that is suitable for any landscape. They are made different sizes and can be used for camouflage and other “unpresentable” moments in the country. Similar designs They are lightweight, so they are easy to deliver, install and move if necessary. Long service life and low cost are the last arguments in favor of purchasing an artificial stump or stone.

Figures and sculptures will hide the unsightly

If you want to decorate your septic tank in a bright and expressive way, you can purchase decorative figures specially designed for this purpose. They cost more and often weigh more, so transportation and installation are more difficult in this case. The materials used for their production are metal, plastic, concrete, ceramics and gypsum. Not every sculpture is suitable for your site, but this circumstance is more than compensated for by the wide variety of similar products.

Factory-made decorative well covers

The issue of sewer hatch decoration is resolved automatically if you initially purchase original cover with patterns. Such a product has a pattern or ornament that can be emphasized with the help of paints. The tradition of making decorative sewer manholes from cast iron is especially strong in Japan.

Beautiful industrial hatches can be decorated not only by casting, but also by using glass, stone or pebbles. IN in this case decorative art rises to such high level, that our attitude towards the sewerage system itself is fundamentally changing.

Creative solutions will decorate the septic tank cover

Both professional designers and ordinary garden owners find unusual ways to decorate sewer wells. Metal, stone, wood, and any available materials are used. Look at the photo to see how the result is a cheerful ant on a rock slide, a compass among flowers, a bench for relaxation, and an ocean-sized turtle.

The above photo demonstrates that simple materials allow you to get interesting results. Sculpture group on the lid of the septic tank you can arrange the most various items who are allowed to be on the street. If available old barrel, so why not find a new use for it? It will be interesting to make a craft for a well, mill or bridge with your own hands, and a low fence is certainly accessible to everyone.

Beds and flower beds directly on the septic tank hatch

The decision to decorate a septic tank at the dacha with a flowerpot suggests itself. This is especially true if the sewer outlet is located in a flower bed. The container can be very different, but its dimensions are limited by the ability to move. In this case, stones or pebbles, as well as a low fence made of plastic or wooden blocks, can be an additional decorative element.

The easiest way to decorate a septic tank is with paints

It's simple and fun to decorate a manhole with paints. This technique is especially appropriate if the septic tank lid is located on the path. Images of flowers and bugs in the country are always appropriate. Your favorite cat also has the right to be photographed in the places where he walks. Trust this creative work teenager or get creative with him!

Tall plants will block the sewer system in the country house

Plants are great for disguising a septic tank in the garden. This technique is especially appropriate if the sewer cover is large. Of course, it is better to paint it in green color. In this case, it is convenient to use perennial flowers and shrubs; perennials. In just a year they will have grown up and will be able to cover up unsightly objects in their summer cottage.

DIY sewer cover decoration made from tires

We looked at a considerable number of examples for the purpose of decorating a septic tank in the garden. Now let's discuss how to decorate and protect a sewer cover outside the yard from cars.

Savvy people have long noticed that they are excellent for these purposes. car tires. A worn-out tire is easy to size, it is not interesting for boys, and the wind will not blow it away, no one will get hurt in a collision with a vehicle, and the tire costs nothing. It's not uncommon for people to pick up a knife and a paintbrush to decorate a helpful tire. We offer our own laconic, cheerful and effective design for a sewer hatch.

Our decorative craft will imitate a “No Traffic” road sign, and in its center we will place the silhouette of a tank, hinting at heavy trucks. For this we select old tire suitable sizes, wash and dry thoroughly. In those places where dirt still remains, you can work with fine sandpaper. Then it needs to be painted red and left to “bask in the sun.” If we want the paint to last for a long time, the tire should be pre-primed and weather-resistant paint materials should be used.

To decorate the middle of the “road sign”, it is better to use a piece of galvanized metal or plastic. A disc with a diameter 30 mm larger than the size of the inner hole of the tire should be cut out of it. We paint the middle white or more practical yellow and leave to dry in the sun. We find the image of the tank on the World Wide Web and print it required sizes and cut along the contour. Then we apply the model to the dried disk and trace it around with a black marker.

Now the drawing can be painted over from the inside with black paint. This work is easier to do with a small brush, but in our case we managed to do it with a 50 mm wide tool.

We bend the finished central disk a little and insert it into the center of the tire. It is convenient to attach it to the inner rim of the tire using self-tapping screws. If as a result of assembly there are no gaps left between the tire and the disk, a hole should be provided in the center of the tank image to drain water.

So, ready product took up its post on the road near the house. Now bright color the decorations will not leave drivers unnoticed, and the humorous tone of the craft will lift the spirits of those around you!

In any suburban area you can find details that can hardly be called decoration. Any underground communications, be it water supply, sewerage or drainage system, must have hatches opening onto the surface of the earth.Many site owners do not consider the presence of small hatches a problem. However, massive elements of the sewer system raised above the ground in most cases spoil the appearance of a carefully thought-out landscape design. Fortunately, today quite a wide variety of methods have been invented to disguise hatches protruding above the surface of the earth.The main task is to make sure that access to the hatch is convenient and does not harm the plants planted around it.

Disguise with artificial stones

The very first solution that comes to mind is to disguise the hatch with a boulder or several stones, creating a small stone composition. It is important to remember here that in order to service communications, the hatch cover will have to be opened periodically, so the created stone slide will regularly turn into ruins, damaging the plants planted nearby.In addition, moving boulders from their place and then returning them back is quite problematic, especially if the stones are large.

Today, specialized stores offer a wide range of artificial boulders - hollow stones made from fiberglass and epoxy resin. They are lightweight, durable and come in an incredible variety of shapes and colors. Having a low weight (10-13 kg), they can easily be transported from place to place. Stones made of polymer resins can easily withstand low winter temperatures, hot summers and high humidity and will not lose their color even after several years.

Such stones will look great surrounded by a flower garden or rockery with perennial and ground cover plants, sprinkled with pebbles, without complicating access to the septic tank hatch.

If you build near a technical area alpine slide and choose a camouflage to match the created mountain landscape, then you can distinguish fake diamond Even a professional is unlikely to be able to do this from the present.

If you have no desire to arrange an alpine garden on your site, you can simply arrange the area around the septic tank, like a piece of gravel garden, or plant lawn grass around the artificial stone. In the first case, the ground around the hatch must be leveled, geotextiles laid, a stone installed and sprinkled with stone chips, lightly covering the edges. This method of camouflage will create the impression that the stone has been there for a long time.

Disguise with plants

If you decide to plant plants near the hatch from underground communications, it is better to do it on the side where maintenance work will not be carried out.

Unpretentious junipers and small decorative Christmas trees will feel good here (Nidiformis, Barri). They do not grow and have a beautiful round shape.

A good way to disguise the hatch from the septic tank and divert attention from it is to plant nearby tall perennial plants with lush ornamental greenery, such as beautiful and unpretentious astilbes. Even if technical work the leaves will be crushed, the plant will quickly recover and take on its previous appearance.

In addition to astilbe, marsh iris, caustic sedum and point loosestrife are well suited for planting. These perennials are easy to care for and recover well from accidental damage.

It is good to plant near the septic tank creeping shrub, for example, Stefanandra. Thin shoots of the plant will quickly grow and close the hatch cover. When carrying out technical work, it will be enough to carefully move the branches to the side.

Very often, flowerbed covers are included with the septic tank. Without them special effort can be easily converted into decorative flower bed, or lawn. It is enough to fill the soil inside, sow lawn grass or plant unpretentious flowers with a shallow root system.

You can decorate such a lid in the most unexpected way - pour crushed stone, stone chips inside, create a unique composition of plants, cones or bark. It all depends only on your imagination.

Tree camouflage

If the stones still do not fit into your landscape, you can suggest using wooden snags or stumps as camouflage.

Again, in order to save time and effort on searching suitable tree You can purchase artificial stumps. Outwardly, they are very similar to the real thing, if necessary, they can be easily moved from place to place and will last for quite a long time.

Many of them have special platforms and recesses. You can place flower pots in them.

Decorative compositions

Lovers of natural wood products can be advised to go to specialized stores. There is a fairly wide assortment of all kinds of mills, wells, bridges or chests and other compositions for decorating hatches.

By purchasing similar products, give preference to structures that do not impede access to the septic tank or well. Besides, wooden items decor will deteriorate much faster and require more frequent replacement or repair.

Another good way to quickly and easily decorate a manhole cover is to lay a special fabric covered with a layer of quartz sand or small stone chips. The edges of the fabric should be lightly sprinkled with earth, and a sculpture or flower pot with flowers should be placed in the center, which can be moved if necessary.

To make life at the dacha comfortable, it is necessary to carry out basic communications - water supply and sewerage. Often absent in suburban areas centralized network sewerage, so each house owner solves the problem independently. Periodic use of the home does not require the installation of expensive and complex equipment, it is enough to install a septic tank.

Often in dachas, the function of collecting wastewater is performed by a cesspool. If the house is not equipped with a plumbing system, this option is fully justified, but when installing plumbing fixtures and large volume drained water is not enough. In this article we will talk about how to make a sewer system in your country house with your own hands. different ways(from concrete rings, barrels, without pumping), and we will also demonstrate diagrams, drawings, photos and video instructions.

The sewerage system must be built in accordance with the developed project, which includes external and internal piping diagrams.

Two-chamber septic tank

The most convenient option is to install a collector consisting of two chambers connected by an overflow pipe. Let's find out how to arrange it yourself.

Work begins with digging a pit in a place chosen taking into account all sanitary requirements. The volume of the structure depends on the number of people living in the country house. You can dig a pit manually or using an excavator.
A sand cushion up to 15 cm high is formed at the bottom of the pit. The depth of the pit is 3 meters.
It is necessary to install formwork made of boards or chipboard. The design must be reliable. Next, a reinforcing belt is formed from metal rods tied with steel wire.
It is necessary to make two holes in the formwork and insert pipe cuttings. These will be the entrance areas sewer main and an overflow pipe between sections.
The formwork is filled with concrete, which is distributed throughout the entire volume using a vibrating tool. The design of the septic tank must be monolithic, so it is advisable to fill the entire formwork at one time.
In the first compartment, the bottom is filled with concrete, a sealed section is formed, which will serve as a sump. Here the wastewater will be separated into large solid fractions that sink to the bottom, and clarified water that flows into the adjacent section. For better decomposition of solid residues, aerobic bacteria can be purchased.
The second compartment is made without a bottom; it can be made not only from monolithic walls, but also using concrete rings with a diameter of 1–1.5 meters, stacked on top of each other. The bottom of the well is covered with a thick layer of sedimentary rock (crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) to filter the wastewater.
An overflow pipe is laid between the two sections. It is installed at an angle of 30 mm per linear meter. The height of the pipe is located in the upper third of the wells. The number of sections is not necessarily limited to two; a four-section septic tank can be made, which provides better cleaning.
The ceiling of the septic tank is made independently, using formwork and concrete, or ready-made ones are used reinforced concrete slabs. Be sure to install a hatch that allows you to control the filling of sections and the hood. The pit is filled with sand and selected soil. The sump tank of such a system will be cleaned every 2–3 years.

Due to the ease of installation, many summer residents prefer to make a septic tank from concrete rings.

If the soil on the site is clay or groundwater are located very close to the surface, it will not be possible to install a septic tank of this design. You can settle on a sealed container of sufficient volume, securely installed and secured to concrete slab in the pit.

Another option is a biological treatment station. Local stations are convenient and efficient, they are indispensable for suburban buildings large area. The installation and commissioning of the device is carried out by specialists; the cost of such a station is acceptable for a narrow circle of summer residents.

Laying the external main

From exit point sewer pipe It is necessary to lay a pipeline from the house to the septic tank. The main must lie at a slope that ensures the drainage of contaminated water. The larger the diameter of the pipes you use, the smaller the angle of inclination required for their operation, on average it is 2 degrees. The depth of the trench for laying pipes must be greater than the amount of winter freezing of the soil. If the depth of the trench is small, provide thermal insulation of the line.

The average depth for laying a sewer system is 1 meter; in warm regions it is enough to go down to 70 cm, and in cold regions you will need to dig a pit up to 1.5 meters. The bottom of the dug hole is covered with a dense cushion of compacted sand. This procedure will protect the pipes from soil displacement.

The best option would be to lay a direct pipeline to the collector. If it is necessary to make a turn, this place will be equipped with an inspection well. For the highway you can use plastic and cast iron pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, their connection must be airtight. After installation, the pipeline is covered with sand and then with soil.

The design, which does not require regular pumping of wastewater, consists of several tanks operating simultaneously. These can be two/three-chamber septic tanks. The first tank is used as a sump. It is the largest in volume. IN two-chamber septic tanks the sump occupies ¾ of the structure, and ½ in three-chamber ones. Here, preliminary wastewater treatment takes place: heavy fractions settle, and light fractions are poured into the next compartment as the first one is filled. In the last part of the septic tank, the final wastewater treatment takes place. The water is then directed to the filtration fields/drainage well.

The first 2 compartments must be sealed. The last chamber has holes in the walls/bottom. In this way, purified water seeps into the ground, which helps avoid systematic pumping of waste without causing irreparable damage to the soil.

It is worth considering that in addition to organic matter, wastewater also contains insoluble impurities. In view of this, such a structure will also have to be pumped out periodically to get rid of the sediment accumulating in the sump. This can be done with a fecal/drainage pump. The frequency of septic tank maintenance depends entirely on the size/volume/composition of wastewater.

To independently construct such a septic tank, you need to correctly calculate its volume. It depends on the water consumption of your household. The water consumption rate per person is 200 liters per day. So, multiplying this amount by the number of household members, you will get the daily water consumption in the house. Add another 20% to the resulting figure.

18 m3. In this case, you need a septic tank that has a depth and length of 3 m, and a width of 2 m. By multiplying all sides, you get 18 m 3. Minimum distance from the bottom of the septic tank to the drain pipe - 0.8 m.

Advantage treatment system is that the sludge is processed anaerobic bacteria, as a result of which it settles to the bottom in a much smaller volume. Gradually this sediment becomes denser and rises. When the sludge reaches the overflow level, the septic tank must be cleaned immediately. You should resort to cleaning a septic tank quite rarely. This is due to the fact that the volume of sludge in 6 months will be from 60 to 90 liters.

Volatile septic tanks have built-in pumping units. Their non-volatile analogues should be cleaned manually or using sewer equipment.

However, not so long ago, biological products with special enzymes appeared that convert sludge into acid, and then into methane and carbon dioxide. To remove these gases, you just need to install ventilation in the septic tank. Thus, your septic tank will become an absolutely waste-free, safe and energy-independent treatment facility.

Bacteria need to be “fed” with oxygen to make their work more efficient. You can buy containers for a septic tank or make your own.

Before installation finished design it is necessary to determine a suitable location for the septic tank. The minimum distance between the septic tank and the house is 5 m. The sewer pipes leaving the house must be directed directly to the septic tank. It is better to avoid turning the pipeline, because it is in such places that blockages form.

The septic tank should not be installed near trees, as their roots can damage the integrity of the body. The depth of the septic tank and sewer pipes directly depends on the level of soil freezing.

If groundwater is close to the surface, then reinforce the bottom of the pit with a concrete slab/screed. The dimensions of the pit will depend on the size of the septic tank. If you have to install a compact structure, then it is easier to dig a pit manually in order to save money.

The pit should be slightly wider than the septic tank body. The gaps between the walls and the ground should be at least 20 cm, and preferably more. If there is no need to strengthen the bottom, then you should still lay a sand cushion 15 cm thick (meaning the thickness of compacted sand).

The top of the septic tank should rise above the ground. Otherwise melt water in the spring the device's equipment will be flooded.

After constructing the base of the pit, lower the septic tank into it. This can be done using cables placed in the ribs of the septic tank. In this matter you cannot do without an assistant. Next, connect the device to the communications, having previously dug trenches for the pipes, laid a sand cushion and installed the pipes. They should be laid at a slight slope - 1–2 cm per linear meter. The pipes are laid to a depth of approximately 70–80 cm.

The septic tank should be installed strictly according to the level. It will work better in a horizontal position.

To connect the sewer pipe to the septic tank, a hole of the appropriate diameter should be made in it. This is done according to the instructions for the cleaning system. After this, you need to weld the pipe to the hole. To solve this problem you will need a polypropylene cord and construction hair dryer. When the pipe has cooled down, you can insert a sewer pipe into it.

If you are connecting a volatile septic tank, then after these steps you need to connect electric cable. It is carried out from the panel to a separate machine. It must be laid in a special corrugated pipe and placed in the same trench as the sewer pipe. There are special holes with marks on the septic tank. The cable is connected to them.

If the level of soil freezing in your region is high enough, then insulate the septic tank. Any type of insulation can be used thermal insulation material, which can be used for laying in the ground.

After connecting the electricity and pipes, the septic tank should be filled with soil. This is done in layers of 15–20 cm. To equalize the pressure during the process of filling the soil, you need to pour water into the septic tank. In this case, the water level should be slightly higher than the level of backfilling of the pit. So, gradually the entire septic tank will be underground.

If you are not satisfied with the finished plastic autonomous system to clean wastewater, due to its size or cost, then you can make a septic tank from several compartments yourself. Great inexpensive material to implement the plan - concrete rings. You can do all the work yourself.

Among the advantages of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings, we note the following:

Affordable price.
Unpretentiousness during operation.
Possibility of performing work without the help of specialists.

The following disadvantages deserve attention:

The presence of an unpleasant odor. It is impossible to make the structure completely airtight, and therefore the formation of an unpleasant odor near the septic tank cannot be avoided.
The need to clean the chambers from solid waste using sewage disposal equipment.

You can reduce the frequency of the need to pump out the septic tank if you use bioactivators. They reduce the amount of solid fractions by accelerating the process of their decomposition.

If the installation of the rings is carried out incorrectly, the septic tank will not be airtight, which will increase the risk of untreated wastewater penetrating into the ground. But, with proper installation, the septic tank will be sealed, so this disadvantage of the system is rightly called conditional.

The design of a septic tank, as a rule, includes 1–2 chambers designed for settling and purifying wastewater and a filtration field/filter well.

If there are few people living in your house and a minimum of plumbing fixtures are connected to the sewer system, then you can easily get by with a septic tank consisting of one septic tank and a filter well. And vice versa, if you have a lot of household members and many devices are connected to the sewer system, then it is better to make a septic tank from two chambers and a filtration well.

How to calculate the required volume for a septic tank has already been described above. According to building regulations, the septic tank chamber must accommodate a three-day volume of wastewater. The volume of the reinforced concrete ring is 0.62 m3, which means that to build a septic tank for 5 people you will need a septic tank of five rings. Where did this amount come from? For 5 people you need a septic tank with a volume of 3 m3. This figure must be divided by the volume of the ring, equal to 0.62 m 3. You will get a value of 4.83. It needs to be rounded up, which means that to install a septic tank in this particular case you will need 5 rings.

The pit must be of such a size that it can accommodate septic tank chambers and a filter well. This work, of course, can be done manually, but it takes a long time and is very difficult, so it is more cost-effective to order digging a pit from a company with earth-moving equipment.

The bottom of the pit at the site where the settling chambers are installed must be concreted in order to avoid the possibility of untreated wastewater penetrating into the ground. Before starting concrete work, part of the bottom of the pit should be drained to install settling tanks by laying a sand cushion on it in a layer of 30–50 cm.

If you do not want to concrete the bottom, then you can purchase reinforced concrete rings with a solid bottom. They will need to be installed first in a vertical row.

The place for the filter well also requires preparation of the base. Under it you need to make a cushion of sand, crushed stone and gravel at least 50 cm thick.

To install the rings, you will have to order the services of lifting equipment. Performing these tasks manually is very difficult. You can, of course, install the rings by digging under the bottom ring. But this method is labor-intensive. And the bottom will have to be filled after installing the last ring, which will entail a number of inconveniences. In view of this, it is better not to save on ordering lifting equipment.

Usually the rings are fastened together with mortar, but for greater structural reliability they can be fastened with metal plates or staples. In this case, your septic tank will not be damaged due to soil movement.

Now it’s time to organize an overflow, and for this you need to connect pipes to the rings. It is better that they work on the principle of a water seal, that is, they need to be installed with a bend.

To seal the joints you need to use a solution with an aqua barrier. The outside of the tanks must be treated with coating or weld-on waterproofing.

Another option is to purchase plastic cylinders that are installed inside the well. In this case, the likelihood of dirty water entering will be minimized.

Installation of ceilings/backfill

Finished wells must be covered with special concrete slabs, which have holes for installing sewer hatches. Ideally, backfilling of the pit should be done with soil containing a high percentage of sand. But if this is not possible, the pit can be filled with soil previously removed from it.

Now the septic tank can be put into operation.

The system for treating wastewater from barrels, like a similar structure made of reinforced concrete, can be two- or three-chamber. Wastewater will flow into it by gravity, so it must be installed below the sewer pipes. The operating principle of this device is similar to the design of reinforced concrete rings.

To set up an autonomous sewerage system based on the principle of a treatment system, you can use any containers. It could be old metal/ plastic barrels. The main thing is that they are airtight.

If you decide to make a septic tank from metal barrels, then they should be pre-treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Plastic containers have a number of advantages over their metal counterparts:

A wide range of plastic containers that can be used to equip a septic tank.
Barrels have high stability to the aggressive effects of wastewater. Therefore, they last longer than their metal counterparts.
The light weight of the containers simplifies their installation at a permanent location.
Plastic does not require additional processing, unlike metal.
The high tightness of the barrels eliminates the possibility of dirty water penetrating into the ground.

Plastic barrels must be securely fastened when installed in the ground, because due to spring floods or winter frosts they can be squeezed out of the ground. In view of this, plastic barrels are attached with cables to concrete base(it must first be poured or a reinforced concrete slab installed). To avoid crushing plastic barrels, backfilling of soil should be done extremely carefully.

For seasonal use Sewage from metal barrels will also work, but for stationary use this is not an option.

The popularity of metal containers for sewerage installations is associated with their compactness and ease of installation. Can be used as a lid of the appropriate size wooden blank or the one provided by the manufacturer. To install a metal septic tank, you need to dig a corresponding pit, which also needs to be concreted - the walls and bottom.

Metal containers do not have a long service life even after they are treated with anti-corrosion compounds. Therefore, installing them as a septic tank may be unprofitable. Buying stainless steel containers is not an option, as these products are very expensive.

Maybe you decide that in this case you can buy barrels with thin walls. However, this is also not The best decision, since during operation such a septic tank can be pushed out. And such barrels have a limited capacity - up to 250 liters, which is not suitable for a large family.

For installation reliable system It is better to use factory-made polymer barrels for wastewater treatment.

To make a septic tank from 220 liter barrels, you will need the following materials:

geotextiles – 80 m2;
sewer pipe Ø110 m, length 5 m;
crushed stone fraction 1.8–3.5 cm, approximately 9 m3;
corner for sewerage at an angle of 45 and 90º – 4 pcs.;
plastic barrel with a volume of 220 l – 2 pcs.;
coupling, flange – 2 pcs.;
wooden peg – 10 pcs.;
Y-shaped sewer tee – 4 pcs.;
building level;
drainage perforated pipe in the filter 5 m – 2 pcs.;
epoxy two-component sealant – 1 pc.;
glue for PVC – 1 pc.;
plumbing tape – 1 pc.

Tools you will need:

Shovel.
Electric jigsaw.
Rake.

For a dacha/small country house, if used sparingly, standard plastic barrels are suitable. Install this cleaning system not difficult. If you do not pour black waste into the sewer, the septic tank will be unpretentious in maintenance. If there is a toilet in the house, then the sewerage system will have to be cleaned regularly by calling a sewer service.

For private houses permanent residence there won't be enough barrels. For sewerage, it is better to purchase plastic cubes/tanks/tanks. The process of installing them in the ground is no different from installing barrels.

The distance of the septic tank from the house should not exceed 15 m. Too much distance will complicate the process of connecting the sewerage system to the house:

there is a need for a large depth of the pipeline;
On the way to the septic tank you will need to install an inspection well.

A sewage system made from metal barrels does not require large financial investments and complex work on installation. To begin with, as in previous cases, you need to prepare a pit, and then install 2 barrels, each of which has a volume of at least 200 liters. Then pipes are installed to transfer liquid from one barrel to another and transfer to the filtration fields/drainage well.

Each subsequent container must be located below the previous one in level.

The joints must be sealed, and the barrels must be insulated using polystyrene foam. After this, the pit and septic tank are filled up. Since, as mentioned above, metal barrels do not last long, you need to be prepared for the fact that after 3-4 years they will need to be replaced.

Pipe laying