In case of large crowds household waste inside treatment facilities can enter the premises bad smell, penetrating through the sewer system. For safety reasons, private residential buildings must be equipped with ventilation for sewerage, which prevents the breakdown of the water seal and maintains the cleanliness of the air inside rooms with plumbing equipment.

In what cases is ventilation for sewage necessary?

Sewerage is a drainage system used to remove products obtained during human activity. According to SNiP, sewerage without ventilation is installed only in cases where the height of a residential building does not exceed two floors, and the volume of sewage is insignificant and does not cover the cross-section of the sewer pipe.

In other cases, especially during construction country house with various plumbing devices, design and installation of ventilation is required. The presence of ventilation for sewage drains allows you to solve the following problems:

Pressure balancing - in the process of draining sewage, a deficiency of air occurs in the sewer pipeline, called “vacuum”. With ventilation, air flows through the ventilation ducts, thereby maintaining a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the system.
Penetration of unpleasant odors - air coming from ventilation allows maintaining a constant water level in the “elbow” of the sewer pipe. This layer of water blocks the flow of unpleasant odors from the riser into the kitchen and bathroom.
Removal of hazardous gases - large volume waste products located in closed sewage pits and septic tanks release a large volume of methane during processing. Ventilation allows a significant accumulation of gas to be removed in a timely manner, preventing its ignition and poisoning of residents.

Lack of ventilation and problems in its functioning (freezing, clogging) are the main reason for the failure of the hydraulic valve. This is fraught not only with the introduction of odors from waste products, but can also lead to chronic illness in residents.

Features of sewer system ventilation

Sewer ventilation in multi-storey buildings is carried out by installing ventilation ducts based on exhaust pipe, which is installed in the following places:

Inside the building, the pipe is connected to the riser of the sink, toilet or bath without connecting to the general ventilation system and exhaust hood. The exact mounting location is determined at the design stage of the sewerage and water supply system;
Outside the building - fan pipe mounted to the drainage system outside the building. The ventilation outlet with the pipe is fixed on external wall building or located on any other drainage area with a vertical surface.

When creating internal ventilation and a sewer system, a pipe of the same diameter is selected. Professional plumbers recommend using products with a cross section of 50 or 110 mm.

When installing external ventilation, the height of the exhaust pipe above the roof level must be at least 100 cm. The outlet of the ventilation duct is not closed with a tight plug. Otherwise, condensation will accumulate under the hood. This is fraught with the formation of ice plugs and damage to the pipe.

It is not advisable to install the exhaust pipe in the immediate vicinity of the roof overhang. This can lead to damage to the ventilation due to the removal of large volumes of snow.

Design nuances

In private two- and three-story houses, if there are several bathrooms on different floors, the “rarefaction” of the air increases. In this case optimal solution there will be a conclusion ventilation pipe through the roof of the house. The total height of the pipe should be more than 3.5 m, which will prevent the occurrence of an air lock during simultaneous draining.

To construct ventilation in private housing, it is better to use plastic pipes. They are quite easy to install due to convenient system fasteners included in the kit. For one-story buildings, products with a cross section of 50 mm are used. When installing ventilation in multi-storey building It is better to purchase pipes with a diameter of 110 mm.

The ventilation duct for the sewerage system is designed in advance and installed during the construction of the house. If the project ventilation system is missing, then the ventilation pipes are routed through the load-bearing walls after the house is built. When installing ventilation in houses located in regions with very low temperatures, winter period the outer part of the pipe must be insulated to prevent it from icing.

Chimney-based ventilation

The vent pipe is used to connect the pipeline with the exhaust pipe ( ventilation duct). Fan pipes are divided according to shape and material. The choice of one product or another depends on the configuration of sewer lines and the location of their exit from the building.

Principle of operation

If the drainage system is not equipped with a ventilation duct, then wastewater, entering the sewer riser, create a “rarefaction” of air. The air deficit is partially replaced by water located in the siphons of sinks, bathtubs and other equipment.

During simultaneous drainage, especially in multi-apartment and multi-storey private buildings, a vacuum is created in the sewer pipe, which “breaks” the water seal. Therefore, unpleasant odors and harmful gases freely penetrate into the room.

In sewer lines where a drain pipe was installed, the process occurs differently. The air entering through the ventilation duct during “vacuum” in the riser protects the integrity of the water seal and normalizes the pressure inside the pipeline.

When installing exhaust pipes and sewers, it is recommended to use products made from similar materials. This will allow for reliable sealing of the joints due to identical fasteners and fittings. Use pipes from various materials(plastic, cast iron) is not recommended, as the connection will not have sufficient strength.

Ideally, if design work has been previously carried out and space has been provided for the installation of an exhaust pipe. Before starting work, it is advisable to prepare everything necessary materials and tools.

If installation work is carried out in old houses where there is already a sewer system based on cast iron pipes, then you will need to purchase a fan pipeline made of similar material. Using plastic products complete dismantling is carried out existing system and laying new communications.

At self-installation Ventilation based on fan pipes should adhere to certain rules:

According to the project, the end of the exhaust fan pipe is brought to the roof of the house through interfloor and attic floors. The height above the roof level is at least 50 cm. When passing through the attic, the height from the ceiling to the end of the vent pipe is at least 300 cm.
When the exhaust pipe is routed through the ceiling, the junction is isolated sound-absorbing material. If necessary, a steel box is installed, the space inside of which is filled with heat-insulating material.
When constructing ventilation for sewerage at an already operating facility, the drainage pipe is carried out through load-bearing wall. It is not advisable to lay through floors, as this can lead to a decrease in their strength.
The cross-section of the exhaust pipe must be equal to the cross-section of the riser pipe. As a rule, in multi-storey private houses a pipe with a cross-section of 110 mm is selected.
If there are several risers, they can be connected to one exhaust pipe at the top. Connection of sewer ventilation with stove chimney and exhaust hood is not allowed.
The length of the pipe from the plumbing equipment to the exhaust pipe should not exceed 6 m. The connection is made by connecting the equipment siphon to a socket adapter.
For laying and exiting the pipe, special couplings and bends with the required rotation angle are used. Compound various elements the exhaust pipe is made using crimped metal clamps, seals and silicone-based sealant.

If, during the process of exiting through the roof, the vent pipe hits the floor beams, then an elbow with required angle turn (30–45). In multi-storey private houses, it is recommended to install an element with a plug on each floor (revision). If blockages occur, this will allow you to quickly resolve the problem without dismantling the ventilation duct.

Ventilation with vacuum valves

A non-return (vacuum) valve is equipment for ventilation of a sewer system, used in cases where installation and removal of a ventilation riser through the roof of a building is impossible for a number of reasons.

Operating principle

The principle of operation of a vacuum valve is quite simple - at the moment of “discharge” of the air inside the riser, the valve valve moves back and allows air into the sewer system. Due to the air flow, the pressure inside the pipe is normalized. After this, the valve closes, thereby blocking the entry of unkempt odors.

Despite the simplicity of the device, vacuum valves are not without drawbacks. If there is no water in the water seals, the valve will not prevent the entry of unpleasant odors. In areas with very low temperatures in winter, the valve will constantly freeze and become clogged, since the valve design is not adequately protected.

Valve installation

The vacuum valve is mounted at the top of the sewer system. It is optimal if the distance from the riser to the valve is less than the distance from the riser to the sink, bathroom or any equipment with a water seal installed.

Typically the valve is installed near the outermost plumbing fixture. For example, on a horizontal branch in the bathroom near the toilet on low altitude in the socket of a bend or tee.

During installation, it is important to observe the following rules:

The connection between the valve and the socket must be completely sealed. When installed in a plastic pipe socket, the valve is mounted without additional accessories. To ensure tightness, the included ring-shaped seal is used.
When used with a cast iron riser, you will need to purchase rubber cuff. Before installation, the pipe socket is thoroughly cleaned of rust and debris. Next, the pipe is dried using a construction or conventional hair dryer. Then the cuff and valve are attached with silicone sealant.

How to make a valve with your own hands?

You can assemble the valve yourself using simple improvised means. To do this you will need: a spring from a fountain pen, a self-tapping screw 45 mm long, foam rubber, a polyethylene cover, an end tee, universal glue, an awl.

The assembly process consists of the following steps:

The spring is removed from the pen and screwed onto a self-tapping screw 45 mm long. The diameter of the screw must fit the spring and not stretch it.
From plastic cover a circle with a diameter of 50 mm is cut out. Next, a self-tapping screw with a spring is screwed into the center of the workpiece so that the spring is located between the plastic washer and the head of the self-tapping screw.
A circle with a diameter of 60 mm is cut out of foam rubber. The blanks are glued to each other using universal glue. Before gluing, the self-tapping screw is unscrewed.
Several holes are pierced in the end tee plug using an awl. If necessary, use a drill or screwdriver.
TO inside The plugs are screwed together with glued washers with a self-tapping screw in the center.
The resulting structure is installed in a plastic tee, which is mounted on a selected section of the pipeline at a height of 30–35 cm from the outermost plumbing equipment.

When the air in the riser is “discharged,” the pressure from outside will act on the spring through the holes made. The spring, in turn, will move the valve, thereby allowing air to pass through and normalizing the pressure inside the sewer system.

Functional check

Before installing the assembled valve, it is recommended to check its functionality. To do this you need to blow into each of the drilled holes. If everything is assembled correctly, the air will pass through unhindered. Otherwise, you should slightly unscrew the screw to loosen the spring force.

After this, you will need to carry out the opposite actions - you will need to draw air into yourself. In this case, no air should enter, since the spring will reliably press the workpieces to the base of the plug.

The absence of a drain pipe and other devices will sooner or later lead to the fact that the sewer ventilation will be disrupted and the unpleasant odor will quickly spread throughout all rooms of the house. Regardless of the presence of a centralized or autonomous system, ventilation problems must be solved as quickly as possible. But if a visiting master successfully copes with this in an apartment, worries about a private house fall on the shoulders of the owner. And it’s worth talking in more detail about how to arrange ventilation for a private house or fix problems with your own hands.

The presence in the house of risers with a cross-section of more than 50 mm, two or more floors and a large number of plumbing fixtures dictates the need to install a ventilation system. A sharp burst discharge of a large volume of water creates a vacuum in the pipes, as a result of which the siphons are emptied. And it is the absence of a water seal that allows odors to freely penetrate the room.

Even if the house is equipped with pipes big size and a minimal threat of blocking the cross-section with the drain flow, air from the sewer can still appear in the room. The reason is the small size of the siphons. If the sewer is not used for 3-5 days, the water dries out and a void forms, the water seal valve does not work again and the aromas spread into the house. Troubles can be avoided if there is sewer ventilation in a private house, which is quite easy to do with your own hands. The system may consist of a regular drain pipe or use a vacuum valve. Both options are good, they are used not only in private houses, but also in apartments, and the most effective is considered to be a scheme where there is both a drain pipe and a valve, which plays the role of a necessary addition.

Sewerage with drain pipe

The device is a continuation of the sewer riser, which is discharged outside. The principle of operation is simple: warm air always rises upward and is discharged outside, as a result of which a small type of vacuum is created in the pipe system (like draft in a stove) and the air is pushed out of the rooms of the house into the sewer, and not vice versa.

Important! The drainage pipe is carried out through a special shaft, provided at the stage of laying the house. But if it didn’t work out to make the device, then you can route the pipe system horizontally through the wall on the side.

But in order to properly arrange a ventilation riser with a waste pipe with your own hands, take note of the following recommendations:

The height of the vent pipe cannot be less than 0.5 m from the roof level. If there is an attic, the length increases to 3-3.5 meters;
The cross-section of the hood diameter must be equal to the diameter of the riser pipeline;
If there are many sewer risers, it is allowed to connect the elements in the upper part and equip the system with one drain pipe;
Ventilation cannot be connected sewer type with stove or general house exhaust ventilation;
The best place for pipes is a blank wall of a house. If displayed next to window openings or balcony, the smell may seep into the house. If there is no blank wall, the distance between the windows and the outlet of the sewerage pipeline must be at least 4 meters;
If the roof of the house is multi-sloped, the vent pipe should not be placed under the overhang of the slope; the structure can easily break due to snow melting;
Equipping the top of the hood with a deflector is guaranteed to block the ventilation in winter. Condensation forms on the deflector, which, when frozen, will tightly block the outlet and the air will flow into the rooms.

The hood is made from a pipe from which a common riser is made and is a continuation of the pipeline, leading it outside. The use of cast iron is not advisable, since the material is susceptible to corrosion and there is a risk of complete rusting and falling of the pipe; it is best to make the outlet plastic.

Advice! The fan pipe needs to be insulated. Of course, everything depends on the region and temperature changes. However, even with weak winter frosts insulation won't hurt summer cottages, where sewerage is used only in the warm season.

Sewerage installation with a vacuum valve

The use of a valve is necessary if it is impossible to install a drain pipe. The system works like this:

inside the case there is a spring and a rubber seal;
when a vacuum forms inside the riser (volley discharge of a large volume of water), the spring opens the seal and air passes into the system, equalizing the required pressure;
after which the spring returns to its place, as a result of which air from the sewer does not enter the rooms.

A vacuum valve cannot serve as an equivalent replacement for a drain pipe, but it does its job well; however, when the water in the siphon dries out, the valve will not prevent the spread of unpleasant odors.

Important! The vacuum valve is always mounted at the top of the riser and only in a heated room.

If it is impossible to install the element on a riser, installation is carried out on a pipe running horizontally. Installation rules:

the element is mounted above the point of connection of the pipes to the sewerage system of the highest drain of the plumbing fixture;
if the drain is at floor level, the valve is installed at a distance of 35 cm from the height of the floor covering;
It is necessary to ensure free air intake into the vacuum device, as well as access for repairs and manual opening (if necessary).

External ventilation: system arrangement

When equipping a house with an autonomous sewage system, it is possible to use external ventilation. There can be two location options:

hood outlet along wall panels Houses. In practice, this looks like a drain with the end of the pipe above the roof level. The scheme involves removing the structure from the house and attaching it to the wall element using clamps;
installation of pipes on a septic tank - convenient option, since the pipe is located away from the house and completely minimizes the possibility of odor entering the rooms.

External sewer ventilation in a private house is equipped in the absence of a sewer riser, which happens in small buildings or seasonal houses. Usage this method involves installing a vacuum valve to improve the ventilation system.

Cesspool ventilation: purpose and types

Ventilation pipes are necessary not only to prevent odors from appearing in the house, but also to balance the pressure within the entire system. However, there is another reason for mandatory ventilation: during the decomposition process organic waste A flammable gas is formed and if there is a large accumulation of the substance, a fire may occur. To prevent this from happening, ventilation of the cesspool is necessary. The device will not require high costs, and you can do it yourself.

The hood circuit can be equipped extremely simply:

install a regular sewer system PVC pipe cross section 100 mm;
attach the pipe to the wall at the back;
bring the upper end beyond the roof of the septic tank to a height of approximately 20 cm;
insulate the pipe from below with tow soaked in bitumen;
cover the exit from debris with a sheet of tin;
concrete the exit pit.

Advice! To generate powerful traction, the top of the pipe is equipped with a deflector.

If ventilation is installed for a cesspool without a toilet, installation also does not take much time:

install a pipe system next to the hatch, the size of which is calculated by the depth of immersion and the height of the outlet;
equip the top of the outlet with a motor to enhance traction;
cover the exit with a tin sheet.

The sewer hood is ready, and thanks to the presence of a motor, there will be no stench in the area even on the hottest summer days. In addition, there will be no unpleasant odors in the toilet, decomposition vapors will no longer affect the wood, which means the toilet will last longer.

When constructing a toilet with drain hole, it is better to build the outhouse away from the pit. It is easy to connect structures using ordinary sewer pipeline with a cross section of 100 mm. And if you mount a tee, it will be easy to connect the ventilation pipe, which guarantees good ventilation. In any case, ventilation is possible in two ways:

the natural option occurs when the pressure in the drainage pit increases;
forced - air moves through the operation of fans connected to the power supply.

Natural ventilation

A vertical pipe is installed, which is needed to remove odors, and the installation is carried out no lower than the border of the level of filling the pit with sewage, and the top extends beyond the roof.

The cross-section of the outlet must be more than 100 mm, the upper end must be at least 70 cm from the roof level. Sealing the pipe and securing it with clamps is mandatory - this way you don’t have to worry about the pipe being blown away during a strong wind.

Forced ventilation

Most effective method, but requiring electricity. It’s easy to make a hood with your own hands:

connect electricity to the toilet;
choose a medium-power fan (300 watts is enough);
form a hole for the device, and the fan should work for expulsion so that the air does not stagnate in the toilet room;
equip several holes for inflow fresh air(this could be a regular gap at the threshold).

In this case, the scheme does not provide for the installation of ventilation pipes in the drain pit itself; a fan is sufficient, which will perfectly expel the air and along with it all the unpleasant odors.

Well, to avoid the appearance strong odor in the drainage pit, just purchase biological agents for cleaning. These can be powders, tablets or liquids for sewer pits. As you can see, the ventilation device is quite accessible to any owner, and the choice of systems is quite diverse.

Even the simplest sewer system is an open space. It is connected through various devices to plumbing fixtures, which are cut off from the sewerage itself by water seals, and on the other hand, an open pipe is connected to sewage pits, septic tanks or other wastewater collection structures. For obvious reasons, the air inside the system has an unpleasant odor, which means it will need to be removed so that it does not accumulate in large volumes and leak into the premises. Therefore, you need to think about ventilation into the sewer.

Do you need ventilation in the sewer?

This question has not been raised for a long time, because even going to the toilet is suburban area A drain pipe is installed in the yard to remove unpleasant odors and gases formed during the decomposition of feces. So what can we say about a large private house? After all, there are a large number of plumbing fixtures that are directly connected to the sewerage system. And much more waste flows through them than in a yard toilet.

But why do you need sewer ventilation in a private house? This is primarily due to the possibility of water drying out in the water seals of plumbing fixtures when the house is left on long time without living in it. Unpleasant odors will begin to penetrate through siphons into residential and non-residential premises. What this entails is not worth talking about.

But that's not all. There are purely physical laws that require the presence of a vent pipe. Imagine a closed sewer system, hermetically sealed on one side, for example, with a septic tank, and on the other with water siphons. When flushing water from the same toilet inside the sewer system, under the influence of water moving with high pressure, a overpressure gases and air, which will resist, that is, try to go countercurrent to the water. This means that some of them, even the smallest one, will definitely penetrate into the toilet room.

Device Rules

The design and construction of sewer ventilation for a private house must be approached from the perspective certain requirements, which guarantee effective work systems. Here are the basic requirements:

the exhaust pipe must be located at least 1 m above the roofing material;
if it is planned to install several sewer risers in the house, which will be combined into one outlet pipe, then they are constructed from pipes of the same diameter;
caps are not installed on top of fan pipes, because in winter condensation from emanating warm gases may form on their internal surfaces, which will certainly lead to clogging of the pipe or a reduction in its cross-section;
the ventilation system for sewerage is a separate circuit that cannot be combined with general house ventilation;
this system cannot be connected to chimneys;
from the windows and balcony doors the ventilation pipe must be located at least 4 m away;
It is not recommended to install a vent pipe near roof overhangs; it may become unusable due to precipitation, best option installations - through roofing material on the roof.

Device options

Ventilation of the sewerage system is collected according to a certain scheme, which is obliged to create normal conditions work primarily on the sewerage system itself. Therefore, regardless of the number of waste discharge points and the number of storeys of the building, the system must work efficiently. Today there are two options for ventilation construction:

Using fan pipes.
Using vacuum valves.

But it should be noted that there are standards for the construction of sewer ventilation, in which a drain pipe must be present.

if the house has several floors, and the drain points are not lower than the first floor;
if the diameter of the sewer risers is not less than 0.5 m.

In addition, it should be added that experts note that when installing vacuum valves, the ventilation system does not work as efficiently when there are waste pipes in it.

Fan pipe for sewerage

Fan ventilation, as mentioned above, the best option. But it should be noted that there are certain rules its installation, which, if assembled incorrectly, can affect the efficiency of the entire system. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the requirements.

A fan riser is an ordinary pipe from which the sewage system of a private house is assembled. Today, plastic pipes are most often used, which are cheaper in price and light in weight, which ensures ease of installation processes.
The diameter of the drain riser is selected on the basis that it should not be less than the diameter of the sewer riser.
Ventilation risers can be combined into one common one if the distances between them are small. Otherwise, it is better to remove each riser.
The ventilation system is assembled during the construction phase of the house. At the same time, a channel with hatches for inspection is formed under it.
If pipes are routed through the roofing material for various purposes, then the upper end ventilation outlet must be above all others.
As practice shows, a deflector installed on a vent pipe does not increase ventilation efficiency. So there is no need for it.

Since ventilation with a drain pipe is assembled from sewer pipes, their assembly is carried out using fittings or a socket connection. This is as simple as shelling pears in both cases. Experts recommend coating the joints between sections and sections. silicone sealant for 100% sealing of the connection.

Vacuum valves

Vacuum-type sewer ventilation valves are small devices that can be installed on any part of the sewer system of a private home: on risers or horizontal sections. It is better to give preference to risers.

This device is a plastic case, inside of which there is a pipe with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the sewer pipe. The pipe is supported from above by a valve, which in turn is supported by a spring. In this case, the connection between the pipe and the valve is very tight.

The device works very simply. The excess pressure created by the release of water puts pressure on the valve, which opens. Through it, outside air enters the system, which equalizes the pressure in the sewer to normal. Then, as soon as the pressure drops, the spring returns the valve to its place, that is, the ventilation is blocked. In principle, this is a good system, but it has one drawback - the vacuum valve cannot prevent the penetration of unpleasant odors into the premises of the house if the siphon in the plumbing fixtures is dry.

Requirements for aerators, this is another name for vacuum valves.

The vacuum valve is installed in ventilated areas, but not in residential areas. Optimally - the attic. If this city apartment, then the toilet.
The installation height is higher than all plumbing fixtures.
Operating temperature – not lower than 0°.
The diameter of the pipes for sewer ventilation using a valve is either 50 mm or 110.

Septic tank ventilation

IN country houses, which were built in villages where there is no public sewerage system, are constructing autonomous system drainage and collection of wastewater. Today, septic tanks are mainly used for assembly. These are devices that partially recycle human waste, producing, as the final result of their work, almost clean water. It is also called clarified.

The whole difficulty of organizing septic tank ventilation lies in the fact that many people do not understand how the treatment plant itself works. It is important for consumers that wastewater simply leaves their home. And no one cares what happens inside the container. But the level of wastewater in the septic tank can rise to a maximum level at which ventilation will no longer be able to work. It requires a certain volume of air, which partially fills the septic tank. And this volume should not be less than 30% of the total volume of the tank.

This is important to know and understand. If it is a single-chamber container, then a loosely closed lid may become a vent. If this is a multi-chamber structure, then it should have a fan pipe. It can be installed in a single number, or it can be several pipes in each compartment of the septic tank. An approximate ventilation diagram for a septic tank is shown in the image:

Today, septic tank manufacturers offer high-quality models, with the help of which sewage treatment is increased to 99%. This complex equipment, it is energy-dependent, which means that units responsible for ventilation are also installed in its design. Typically, a compressor is installed in such septic tanks, which maintains required amount oxygen. This is necessary in order to maintain vital functions aerobic bacteria, which feed on sewage and process it. That is, air is always present in the septic tank, it is under pressure, which means that the installed ventilation pipe is a sufficient attribute of septic tank ventilation.

The principle of constructing a ventilation riser for sewerage in an apartment building

Problem in apartment buildings proper organization The ventilation of the sewer riser has always been critical. Because the main requirement of this system is 2 m above the apartment of the last top floor. It was not always possible to do this, but builders offer three options for solving this problem.

The sewer riser is led outside the roof of the house. This is what they did a century ago, when the number of floors in buildings allowed this to be done.
Boxes are installed on top of the risers in the attic, which in turn are connected to the ventilation shaft.
The risers are led into the attic, and in it, in one or several places, pipes are brought out to the roof.

The second option has one drawback. There is a possibility that the volume of the box may not be enough to contain the simultaneous release of air from all sewer risers. Therefore, today the third option is most often adopted.

Ventilating a sewer riser using this method means increasing the riser in the attic by at least 1 m. At the same time, it is tilted towards the ventilation duct, which removes air from the very attic space. Plus, you have to take into account the diameter of the pipes used for the ventilation system. Their minimum size should be 140 mm. That is, these are the requirements that guarantee that in apartments last floor sewer ventilation will work.

True, it should also be noted that if there are partitions with openings or doors inside the attic, this impairs the operation of the system. Due to the openings, drafts may occur, which weaken the movement of air towards the ventilation duct. This is why it is so important to keep attics locked and controlled by those living in upper apartments.

Sewer ventilation in a private house is not a simple system. And for it to work well, it is necessary:

carry out calculations that mainly relate to the number of risers and the diameter of the pipes used for them;
installation of sewer ventilation should be carried out strictly according to the chosen scheme, taking into account the calculations performed;
the fan pipe is installed in mandatory, even if a vacuum valve is also installed;
its output is only through the roof;
if this is not possible, then the riser is installed near the wall with an outlet beyond the roof structure;
install the vacuum sewer valve in the attic.

Sewerage apartment buildings- a truly complex and well-thought-out system with internal and external lines, plumbing connection points and waste water outlets.

All sewer elements are in clear interaction, forming effective system eliminating waste. However, despite the well-coordinated work, the specific composition of the water leads to the concentration of methane in the pipeline.

Sewerage in apartment building necessary in order to prevent gas from escaping from the main limits. In order to avoid the formation of specific odors that appear due to the peculiarities of the use of sewage systems, a ventilation device is necessary.

Scheme of a sewerage ventilation system in a private house

Features of types of sewerage

Sewer ventilation consists of special parts.

Air valve - its action is aimed at allowing air into the riser and blocking any gases entering from it into the house. Private small houses rarely equipped with a septic tank, so sometimes they use aeration valves installed at the top of the riser. This option involves installing a ventilation pipe on the septic tank. Unfortunately, valves are not able to replace siphons, because they are intended only as a supplement.
Fan pipe - representing a ventilation channel that connects to the sewer riser and is discharged to the roof. The pipe can not only rid the room of an unpleasant odor, but also equalize Atmosphere pressure, remove harmful gases. Odors can only appear if the siphons dry out.
A water seal is a mandatory attribute that is installed in the sewer system. Its presence ensures high-quality removal of unpleasant odors.

A water seal is a mandatory attribute that is installed in the sewer system

Before answering the question of whether sewer ventilation is needed in a private house, you need to understand what the sewer system can be like. There are two types, each of which has its own characteristics:

non-isolated system;
insulated.

In the first case, the type of sewer system is only 110 millimeters, while the isolated one reaches 160 millimeters. The height of both options is the same - 500 millimeters. Regions with harsh climates mainly use an insulated system, inside it there is a special non-freezing condensate.

The sewage system does not need a special deflector, which increases the exhaust capacity, however, due to the warm air, there is a very small risk of condensation forming and blocking the ventilation outlets. Ventilation of the sewer riser – necessary measure for a comfortable stay and to prevent negative aspects.

In the sewers of private houses there are often accumulations of various harmful gases formed during the decomposition of organic matter. Every time you use the toilet, the sewer pressure changes. A water seal will not be able to save a person from the penetration of gases that affect human health. In private homes, this problem is solved with a home ventilation system.

About ventilation valves

To arrange ventilation, you will need a sewer ventilation valve made by yourself. It is enough to follow these steps for the valve to be operational:

you need to find the spring from the handle and select a self-tapping screw 45 millimeters long;
Next, a small plastic washer is cut out, the diameter of which will be equal to 50 mm: a hole is drilled inside the middle for the unhindered entry of the self-tapping screw;
after that, you need to make another, but this time a foam washer with the same hole, the size of which is 10 mm larger; the washers are glued together;
a pair of holes are made in the end tee, the diameter of which is only 5 mm, and the distance from each other is about 25 mm: it is necessary to remove the burr, and then screw the self-tapping screw into the hole already made;
Now you can unscrew and assemble the valve together.

To check the valve, you can blow it out from both sides to find that oxygen passes freely. If there are no problems with the device, then tighten the screw.

The valves are ideal for providing ventilation in a house with several floors, and for a house with several apartments. When using sewer riser valves, you don’t have to worry about excess gases entering your home and water escaping from water seals.

A private house needs to install a fan pipe with a higher height than the room. It is best that the distance from the fan pipe to the roof is 70–75 mm, but the distance between the window and the pipe should be at least 4 meters. When choosing the diameter, you need to focus on the risers.

There are cases when a private house has 2-3 risers at once - this can be solved by combining and constructing one exit. The advantage of a private house over an apartment building is the ability to install a 50 mm pipe with sewer risers twice as large in diameter.

However, such a sewerage ventilation system in a private house is ideal for use by residents of the southern regions, because such a diameter will suit only the intermittent use of plumbing fixtures.

If it is not possible to install a ventilation valve, then you must use air valve. Air in the risers will appear only during internal vacuum, and the appearance of gases outside will not be possible. A valve of this type for risers is installed above all plumbing so as not to “absorb” waste.

The installation of a ventilation system in the sewer must take into account certain factors.

It is better to ventilate the domestic sewer system with risers. The size of their hood should not be less than half a meter from the roof; when using a roof, the hood must be made 3 meters higher.
The diameters of the riser and waste part must be equal to each other.
When using a fan riser, it is important to ensure that it in no way intersects in the same shaft with a chimney or general ventilation.
The outlets do not need a deflector to prevent condensation from developing.
The location of the outlet riser should be four meters from any opening premises.

Now everyone can answer the question why ventilation is needed. After all, it became clear that with proper equipment, taking into account the design, it is possible to ensure maximum comfortable living without the penetration of unpleasant aromas and gases.

How to arrange sewer ventilation in a multi-storey building?

Installation of multi-storey sewer ventilation residential buildings is of particular interest. In the case when each floor is equipped with bathrooms, with simultaneous drainage, a strong increase in the absorption of liquid from the siphons can occur. Therefore, it is better to provide an external output sewer pipes. Such a pipe must have a minimum length of 4 meters from the ground in order to:

do not provoke the appearance air jams during draining;
Do not cover all the walls with unpleasant odors.

The ventilation system in the sewerage system must be equipped plastic pipes , because they are quite light, have the necessary connecting elements and are easy to install. For the manufacture of ventilation device no need for specialist help. The pipe is led to the roof through a ventilation duct provided during the design of the room.

The ventilation system in the sewer system is equipped with plastic pipes

Speaking about the sewerage ventilation scheme in a private house with two floors, the sewerage system is mainly dealt with at the time of designing the room, however, if there is no pipe, it is built in through the wall and covered with a socket.

Despite the fact that the diameter of the ventilation tubes is ordinary houses equal to 50 millimeters, buildings with several floors need pipes twice as large. The hood for installing a sewer system in a private house must first be insulated so that very coldy frostbite did not occur.

The pipe is covered with a decorative rosette. If a fan is too expensive an option or completely impossible, then a sewer vacuum valve can solve the problem. To install it, you need to start installation work in the place where the end of the sewer riser is located.

By installing the valve at the very top, you will ensure that it operates when there is a vacuum and prevents any unpleasant odors from escaping from the riser. The valves are equipped with a low-resistance spring and a rubber seal. As soon as the sewer is discharged from contaminants passing through the riser, the valve instantly gives a “response” - the device opens and allows oxygen to pass through.

When working with a hood, it should be ensured that it can only be vented through the roof or ventilation shaft of the room to a certain height. The shaft is removed from the edge by 0.1 meter and moved away from the windows (about 4 meters), and from flat roof- by 0.2 meters.

Sewage ventilation in mines prevents air from escaping from the pipes into the premises, reduces the concentration of methane, stabilizes the pressure in the pipes during use and effectively reduces noise.

Remember that when installing a vacuum valve, you cannot talk about replacing the ventilation, because it does not interfere with the spread of aromas when there is a lack of water in the siphon, and is subject to periodic clogging.

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Sewer ventilation and 2 mistakes made during repairs

July 7, 2016
Specialization: master of internal and exterior decoration(plaster, putty, tiles, drywall, lining, laminate and so on). In addition, plumbing, heating, electrical, conventional cladding and balcony extensions. That is, renovations in an apartment or house were done on a turnkey basis with all necessary types works

Sewage ventilation diagram in a private house - the drain pipe exits through the roof

Clean air in a residential area will always be one of the first needs, therefore, sewer ventilation in a private house - created with your own hands - is one of the conditions for installing plumbing. In addition, in some cases, ventilation must be installed in apartments in multi-story buildings.

I will now tell you how this is done, and also want to invite you to watch the video in this article.

Hoods for sewerage

It is necessary to distinguish between ventilation of the room and ventilation of the sewer system in an apartment building or in a private house.
The difference is that the arrangement of the second option does not involve the presence of unpleasant odors at all.

Frequent 2 mistakes

There are at least two common misconceptions regarding such devices:

Since I have a drain pipe in my house or apartment, that is, ventilation of the sewer riser (bed), it means that all unpleasant odors from the system must escape through it. However, we are very surprised if it doesn't work. But the whole point is that the most common source of stench is either damaged pipes or the lack of hydraulic valves due to the banal lack of use of any bathroom (a column of water can evaporate).
But the second mistake concerns residents upper floors who have access to the drain pipe - when repairing or replacing plumbing equipment in a toilet or bathroom, it is removed altogether. The reason here is bad condition of this pipe - due to long term service they are pretty spoiled by corrosion. But by plugging the riser, you create a problem not only for yourself, but also for all your neighbors living below on all floors. The smell will penetrate the apartments every time the toilet is flushed.

Ventilation rules

Exist general rules, both for one system and for several at once - they can be combined into one fan pipe, but can also be separate:

the pipe fragment rising above the roof must be at least a meter long;
in cases where several systems are combined into one ventilation system, then only the same pipe diameter should be used - usually 50 mm or 110 mm;
It is forbidden to install a cap, as this contributes to the collection of condensate, which, in turn, leads to ice jams in winter;
It is prohibited to combine such a hood with a chimney or common system ventilation;
the fan exit should be no closer than 4 m from any windows, doors and balconies;
Be careful when installing under roof overhangs so that the layer of snow coming down from the slope does not cause an accident.

Material selection and general designs

Let's start with the fact that ventilation from sewer pipes in a private house, especially if there is more than one toilet, should be at a height of at least 4 m from ground level. As a rule, the vent pipe is routed through the roof. This will keep the water in the hydraulic seals from evaporating too quickly, and will also help compensate for the difference in air pressure when flushing a toilet or two toilets from the tank at the same time.

When flushing water from the toilet, its volume completely fills the diameter of the pipe and, as it moves, thins out the air behind it, which leads to the sucking out of these same water seals. But the fan pipe compensates for this difference. As a result, you get no unpleasant odors in the room.

I already said about the diameter - it should be the same as in the system itself. But is it possible to use pipes made of a different material, for example, to combine the laying of a PVC system with an asbestos-cement or metal drain riser?

In any case, the answer here will be unequivocal - yes, it is possible. Only in this case another question will arise - is it necessary? It is best to use polyvinyl chloride for the fan riser, even if your wiring is made of metal or asbestos cement (this also happens) - PVC is very light, strong, and its service life is 50 years or more.

The ventilation insert is made at the highest point of the sewer system, made from the widest pipe. That is, if the main system has 110 mm, then the connections to it will be made from a diameter of 50 mm, but they, of course, will be higher, although it is advisable to make the insertion on the 110th pipe (it is possible on the 50th, but the effect is diminished ). Most often, this point is the toilet connection point.

Now, regarding the output, it’s good if you thought through and designed a communication channel with access to the roof, but often it simply doesn’t exist, so you’ll have to come up with something.

One of the options is to vent ventilation through, as in the top photo - this will most likely increase the price of the structure, but this option is quite convenient. This letter G should be made of the same material as the system itself, and the riser can already be mounted from PVC.

If for a small one-story house when arranging ventilation, you can use a 50 mm polyvinyl chloride pipe, but for several apartments you will need at least 110 mm. In addition, there is no point in installing a pipe of a larger diameter on a system with a smaller diameter with your own hands - costs will increase, but the effect will not change.

Conclusion

No matter how much you want, but a private house with internal bathrooms such as a toilet, in any case, you will need a device such as sewer ventilation. Otherwise, a whole host of unpleasant odors awaits you. Don’t forget about hydraulic valves, and if you have any new solutions or projects, I ask you to join the discussion in the comments.

July 7, 2016

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Sewage ventilation. Sewage ventilation scheme in a private house