Porch with veranda to a wooden house. Project of a porch for a house

Most correct option porch - this is when its foundation is cast along with the house. In this case, there are practically no problems. Sometimes when planning a building it is forgotten. Then a porch is added to the house. An extension is made mainly from three materials: wood, metal and concrete. If the house is brick, they can build it out of brick. Another option is to make it from building blocks and then finish it. In any case, when planning to make a porch with your own hands, you must immediately decide what kind of foundation to make and whether or not to connect it with the base of the building.

How to calculate parameters

First you need to decide which way the steps will go. They can be on one, two or three sides. You determine this based on personal preferences and the finances that you can/want to allocate for construction. The height of the porch depends on the height of the plinth and should be 50-70 mm below the edge of the door leaf. This small step prevents precipitation from getting inside the house. Perhaps more importantly, it prevents the doors from becoming blocked if the porch rises up due to frost heaving (if the doors open outward).

Determining the dimensions of the upper platform

The layout of the porch begins with determining the size of the upper platform. If the doors open outward, you should be able to stand on the landing to open the doors. That is, its depth should be 30-40 cm greater than the width of the door leaf. According to GOST recommendations, the dimensions of the platform should be 1.5 times the width of the doorway. More is possible - less - undesirable - inconvenient.

If your doors are 80 cm wide, then the depth of the upper platform at the very minimum is 120 cm. Its width is determined based on the tastes and proportions of the house, but it should definitely be greater than the width of the doorway.

We count the number and sizes of steps

You know the height of the porch: 50-60 mm below the door leaf. The recommended height of the step (riser) is 15-20 cm. Divide the height of the porch by the height of the steps, you get the approximate number of steps. The number rarely turns out to be a whole number. The remaining centimeters can be divided between all steps or one of them can be made higher. Another option is to create a small step at the bottom, although this may be awkward.

The optimal width of the step (tread) is 25-30 cm. Knowing the number of steps, the depth of the upper platform, the depth of the steps, you can calculate the full dimensions of the porch. Using them you can already develop the foundation for the porch.

When choosing the parameters of the steps, you must adhere to the recommendations of SNiP: the sum of the tread and double riser should be in the range of 600-640 mm. For example, you calculated that the height of the step (riser) is 17 cm, the tread (depth) is 280 mm. After performing the calculations we get: 170 mm * 2+280 mm = 620 mm. We fit into the recommended parameters, which means there is no need to change anything.

What kind of foundation is needed?

If the porch is planned to be light - wooden or metal - the foundation is most often made of piles or columns. Specifically chosen based on geological conditions. On well-draining soils with low level groundwater enough, if you are prone to heaving, you may need it already.

For a heavy porch - made of brick or monolithic concrete- make a strip foundation or. The type of foundation is most often similar to the one on which the house is built.

Next, you need to decide whether you will connect the porch foundation to the house foundation or not. Decisions are made based on the planned mass of the extension and the type of soil. Both options have disadvantages. If there is no connection, cracks often form at the junction of the porch and the house; due to frost heaving, the porch may become warped. Owners often face this problem. summer cottages- Mostly the porch to the dachas is made of wood and disjointed. After the ground thaws, it may “sit” in place on its own, or it may require some additional measures.

When installing connections, it is also possible for cracks to form, but not only at the joint, but also in the “body” of the extension. This happens if the reinforced connections installed cannot compensate for the uneven load, created by the house and an extension. Therefore, a connected foundation for the porch is made if it is attached to a heavy house and is itself heavy and massive, made of reinforced concrete. The second difficulty with this decision is to make the connection high-quality. To do this, use ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 12-16 mm, for which holes are drilled in the foundation with a given diameter. Reinforcement is hammered into them and a frame for the porch is knitted on its basis.

There are two main designs of stairs: on bowstrings and on stringers. They can be made of wood or metal. There are also combined options- metal + wooden steps or metal + concrete steps.

Staircase designs - on bowstrings and on stringers

On the bowstrings

Stairs on bowstrings are the simplest. For a porch - a good option, especially if the house is wooden or a small country house. Support bars are attached to the inside of the bowstring. If you are working with metal, the bars are welded horizontally (you can minimum slope 1-2° so that water flows from the steps). In the case of wood, support bars can either be nailed to which the step will then be attached, or recesses can be cut into the string (no more than 1/2 the thickness of the board), into which the step boards are inserted.

On the stringers

A staircase on stringers can also be of a simple design - with open supports. In this case, triangles are cut at the required angle in the upper part of the board. Their lower part serves as a support for the steps.

When cutting the stringer, set aside the height of the step and the width of the tread. They are connected at right angles. Using the applied markings, a template is made, with which all steps are marked.

The number of stringers in a staircase depends on its width and the thickness of the boards used for the steps. The thinner the board for the steps, the more often you need to install stringers. If you use 25 mm boards, then there should be a distance of no more than 50-60 cm between the two supports. If you need a larger staircase width and don’t want to install three stringers, use thicker boards. It is important that they do not bend under your feet.

If you decide to weld a ladder on stringers from metal, you will need to be patient: you will have to weld many small sections, but the formation principle is the same.

Methods of fastening parts

The lower edge of the porch stairs can sometimes rest directly on the ground. This option is simple, but unreliable. Firstly, the soil may settle and the stairs will begin to collapse. Secondly, upon contact with the ground, both wood and metal are destroyed faster. There are special impregnations for wood (Senezh and Senezh Ultra, for example), and metal is well prepared with a primer and painted in several layers. However, it is better to make a base - pour a shallow tape on which the bowstrings or stringers will rest.

To iron concrete base There are two ways to attach a staircase for a porch - to a beam - a beam with a cross-section of at least 75 * 75 mm or to an embedded beam of a smaller cross-section (pictured on the left).

Difficulties may also arise with the installation of porch posts. There are several ways. There is one very simple and effective one that works great even on heaving soils (clays and loams). Holes 50-60 cm deep are dug under the pillars. A bucket and a half of sand is poured into them at the bottom and compacted well. Half a bucket of crushed stone is poured on top of the sand and compacted too. They put up a pole, level it, put spacers that will hold it in a given position. The space between the wall of the hole and the pillar is gradually filled with crushed stone, tamping it thoroughly. The hole is filled flush with the ground, the top can be concreted (so that precipitation does not drain), but not spilled to the very bottom. Pillars installed in this way do not lead even with severe heaving. A significant part of the water goes into the sand, and the remaining forces of frost heaving are absorbed by the rubble, neutralizing them.

If piles, strip foundations or monolithic slab, a columnar base is folded, then for fastening wooden racks Studs or special glasses are embedded in concrete. After the concrete has matured, the rack bars are attached to them with wood grouse or bolts.

If the racks are metal, a corner with a wall thickness of at least 3-4 mm is placed in the concrete so that it can be easily welded to it later.

When building a wooden porch with your own hands, questions may arise about attaching the railings and balusters. They can be assembled using ordinary nails, but if desired, you can use bolts or wood grouse. In this case, holes are pre-drilled, then fasteners are installed in them and tightened using an angle wrench. Such a connection is certainly more reliable than simply using nails.

If the porch is attached to a freshly cut wooden house, in which the shrinkage has not yet been completed, and the design of the porch provides for the presence of a canopy, the racks must be attached to special adjustable plates.

Please note that both the metal and wood that you will use to build the porch require careful processing. The porch is exposed to all climatic influences and the materials require good protection.

Monolithic concrete stairs

The most durable stairs are made of monolithic concrete. They take longer to manufacture than metal or wood ones, but their service life is calculated in decades. The types of concrete stairs are described in detail in the video. The basics of calculation are also given.

How to make it yourself concrete stairs on stringers, see the next video.

Wooden porch

A wooden porch is one of the most common options in our country. Wood is plastic, easy to process, costs relatively little (in our country), and forgives many mistakes. That is why it is a favorite building material.

It also has disadvantages: it requires good protection before construction begins (antibacterial impregnations and fire retardants), as well as regular maintenance - updating the protective paint coating. Then long time looks attractive, otherwise it quickly loses its decorative effect.

One of the options for building a wooden porch with a ladder on bowstrings can be seen in the video. Please note that the porch is being built on sandy soil, so the method used to install the pillars is not suitable for everyone. Everything else is clear.

Brick porch

Since brick is a dense and heavy material, a brick porch requires a serious foundation. Usually this is a monolithic slab, with double reinforcement and it is better if it is larger in size than the planned porch.

When calculating the parameters of the steps, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the brick and the thickness of the seam between them. Then the laying work will be easier - no need to cut the brick. If you are not going to cover the porch, use for the outer rows quality material. The inner rows - backfilling - can be made from scrap or building blocks and their remains.

Brick porch with wooden steps

If the house is on a high base, making a monolithic brick porch is too expensive. Then the columns or walls are folded, leaving empty space inside. It can then be used for household purposes or covered with decorative panels. If an upper platform is needed, these columns/walls are covered from above with a concrete slab - homemade or ready-made - this is your choice. Then a staircase is attached to the resulting base. It doesn't have to be brick. It can be metal, concrete or a combination.

Photo report: wooden porch on a metal frame

A theory is just a theory, and in construction too. You always understand the essence of the matter better if you observe the process yourself, because you can see how others do it and learn something for yourself.

At the request of the parents it was done exact copy old porch. The only difference is that the new one has a welded metal frame.

In place of the demolished porch, a pit with a depth of 25 cm was dug. Sand was poured and compacted into layers at the bottom, crushed stone was placed on it - 10 cm each. A metal mesh with a mesh of 10 cm was laid on top and the whole thing was filled with concrete.

A metal frame was welded according to the previous dimensions of the porch (from a 70*5 mm corner). The sidewalls are set vertically and secured with studs. Next, the base for the benches is welded to them. All metal is treated with a rust converter, primed and painted twice.

The wood used for construction was dry. Planed boards were cut to size (the width of the porch) and treated with impregnation for direct contact with the ground.

We lay the dried boards on the frame. You have to drill a hole for each fastener - you can’t just take a corner.

At this stage, two mistakes were made at once. The first is that the sheathing did not start from the sides. They immediately began laying the steps. As a result, water constantly flows into the joints of the side paneling and steps and warps the wood. It is necessary to start the cladding from the sides, and make the steps a little longer so that they protrude beyond the side cladding by at least a couple of centimeters. The second mistake is that the boards on the porch are laid close to each other. At high humidity they swell and the surface becomes uneven. When laying porch sheathing, make gaps of at least 5-8 mm.

After all the boards are secured, they are sanded. First tape grinder with coarse grain, then disk with fine grain. The process is long. At the same time, the task is being solved - to remove green color impregnation. It is not covered even by three layers of tint.

After sanding, we begin painting. We apply it three times. Each layer after the previous one has completely dried. The resulting color is dark mahogany.

While the paint dries completely, we begin making the benches. We cut boards for them, grind down an oblique chamfer (for beauty), and cover them with impregnation.

We make the backs with a small decor - roundings at the edges.

We saw along the marked lines with a jigsaw, then sanded to a smooth edge.

The sides are covered with plywood, which was painted the same color. The porch is ready.

Do-it-yourself finished wooden porch - side view

DIY brick and concrete porch: photo

The walls of the staircase landing were pre-built from brick, on top of which a monolithic concrete slab was poured. Along the edge, a frame of corners is embedded into it so that the stairs and railings can be welded.

Porch plan: how everything should look

From a corner 70*70*5 mm we cut blanks of the required length. After which we treat them with a rust converter. We start cooking after the reaction has stopped and the metal has dried.

We welded the first metal string.

The finished sidewall was attached to the concrete base with two pins.

Attachment to concrete support support

We cook the second string in the same way and secure it. When working, make sure that the two bowstrings are in the same plane.

We begin to weld the support bars. Here it is important to constantly monitor the horizontality so that the steps are not oblique.

We weld transverse pieces of the corner to the support bars to form a shelf.

The corners are welded so that they form a frame. We put a piece of slate sheet in it. We lay out a reinforcing metal mesh on the slate. We weld the edges of the mesh to the frame.

We pour concrete into the prepared steps. We make it high-quality so that the steps do not wear out longer.

While the concrete gains strength, we begin to work on the posts that will support the canopy over the porch. For them we take a profiled pipe 70*40*3 mm. We cut four columns from it. Two are slightly longer - they will be near the wall of the house, two are 15 cm shorter - they stand on the outer edge of the porch, creating the necessary slope - so that the water and snow melt off normally. For railings and crossbars we use profiled pipe 40*40 mm.

All metal is also treated with a rust converter.

First we set up the racks, grab them, install temporary stops

To avoid lateral stresses, it is important to position the racks strictly vertically. We set them up, grab them, use short seams in several places, and check again whether they are positioned correctly. We weld the temporary stops and only after the next check we weld them according to all the rules.

Once all the posts are aligned and welded, you can assemble the railings. At the required height they are fixed strictly horizontally.

Then we proceed to install the roof. We also cook it from a 40*40 mm profile pipe. First, strapping around the perimeter - at the level of the shorter posts, then - the rest of the structure. It's not complicated, but it takes a lot of time - a lot of intersections.

Then it was time to do the railings and decorations. And again, there are no difficulties, it can be done easily if desired.

That's it, the porch is ready for finishing works. On the steps and landing purchased rough tiles for outdoor use. The sidewall of the monolithic slab was also trimmed with it.

The metal was painted with paint that matched the tone, and the corrugated sheeting left over from the installation of the roof was used on the roof. The DIY porch turned out pretty good.

Photo ideas for porch design

Porch to wooden bath or dacha - a staircase made of logs

Porch covered with WPC - wood-polymer composite

The porch is a functionally significant element of the architectural ensemble country house, which, in addition to its practical purpose, performs an aesthetic function, emphasizing the beauty of the entire building. Being the front part of the building, the porch of a private house can tell a lot about its owner: about his tastes, attitude towards his site, material wealth. That is why many of us try to decorate the facade of the house so that it stands out from others. And even if at the construction stage the owner does not have the opportunity to attach a beautiful wooden porch to the house, he can always realize what he wants after a while.

The porch of a wooden house is an extension in front of the entrance to the building, which serves as a transition from ground level to floor level.

Since the height difference between the ground and the floor often reaches from 50 to 200 or even more centimeters, the porch is equipped with a staircase made of steps

The practical function of the porch is also that wooden extension designed to protect the front entrance of the house from snow and rain. Therefore, the area adjacent to the entrance door is also equipped with a canopy. Depending on the shape and purpose, the porch may have one of the design options; let’s look at some of them.

Option #1 - open area on the steps

A compact platform with adjacent steps is an excellent addition to the architectural ensemble of a small one- and two-story wooden house

Option #2 - platform with partially closed walls

When arranging a porch located on a small elevation, low fences are used protective function, protecting against falls and possible injuries.

On the porch, the height of which does not exceed half a meter, such railings and partially closed walls act more as a decorative design

Option #3 - closed porch

Screened porch owners country houses Most often they are equipped if they have the opportunity to build a more spacious area next to the entrance.

The space of such a porch - veranda, furnished with comfortable garden furniture, allows you to receive guests and enjoy a pleasant holiday in the fresh air

Self-construction of a wooden porch

Before you start building a porch to your house, it is important to decide not only the size of the structure, but also consider the presence of steps, the height of the handrails and general form porch.

Detailed design future design or at least a drawing of the porch will allow you to visually formalize the idea and calculate the required amount of material

When designing a structure, a number of points should be taken into account:

1. The width of the porch area should be no less than one and a half times the width of the front entrance. The porch is located on the same level as the first floor of the building. In this case, a margin of 5 cm should be provided from the level of the porch platform for the front door. This will allow you to avoid complications in the future if the surface of the wooden platform is deformed under the influence of moisture when opening the front door. After all, according to the requirements fire safety The front door should only open outwards.
2. The number of steps is calculated with the aim that when climbing a person steps onto the porch platform leading to the front door with the foot with which he started moving. When arranging a porch in country house Usually they make three, five and seven steps. Optimal size steps: height 15-20 cm, depth 30 cm.
3. Wooden steps leading to the porch should be placed at a slight inclination of several degrees. This will prevent puddles from stagnating after rain or melting ice during the cold season.
4. It is advisable to provide a canopy to protect the front entrance from precipitation. The presence of fences and railings will make it easier to climb and descend stairs, which is especially important in winter period when the surface is covered with a crust of ice. From an ergonomic point of view, the most comfortable height for a person is 80-100 cm.
5. When building a porch, you should also take into account that when attaching an extension to a monolithic building, it is extremely undesirable to connect the building structures “tightly”. This is due to the fact that the house and the porch, having different weights, create different shrinkage. This can cause the formation of cracks and deformations at the joints.

Stage #2 - preparation of materials and construction of the foundation

To make a wooden porch you will need the following materials:

• Beam with a section of 100x200 mm for installing support pillars;
• Boards 30 mm thick for arranging the platform and steps;
• Rails with a cross section of 50 mm for side posts and railings;
• Antiseptics for treating wood surfaces;
• Cement mortar.

From construction tools should be prepared:

• Saw or jigsaw;
• Hammer;
• Level;
• Screwdriver;
• Fastening materials (nails, screws);
• Shovel.

The construction of any building structure begins with laying the foundation.

The best option laying a reliable and durable support for the construction of a wooden porch to the house - erecting a pile foundation

Unlike traditional concrete types reasons pile foundation does not require large financial costs for construction. In addition, it is quite easy to install: any owner with basic construction skills can build a pile foundation.

Wooden beams intended for supports should be treated before installation. This allows you to prevent wood rotting and extend its service life. supporting structure. In the places where the supports are installed, we dig holes 80 cm deep, the bottom of which is lined with a sand and gravel “cushion”.

Having leveled the base, install it vertically support pillars, leveling them, checking the height, and only after that fill them with cement mortar

The height of the piles should be calculated taking into account that even after the platform has been laid on them, the distance to the door remains at least 5 cm.

Fill the vertically installed support pillars with cement mortar and wait for it to dry completely. Only after this we fix the outer row of support posts to the wall of the house using self-tapping screws. This will significantly increase the strength of the structure. We lay the logs horizontally directly on the support pillars.

Stage #3 - making a stringer and installing steps

To arrange a flight of stairs you will need to make a special slant board- kosour or bowstring.

A flight of stairs can have two design options: with embedded steps or with cut out ledges

Using a special triangular pattern, we make recesses for the bowstring. You can make such a template yourself by cutting out a blank from thick cardboard. One of the sides of the pattern corresponds to the horizontal part of the future steps - the tread, and the second to the vertical part - the riser. The number of steps depends on the size of the porch area and the expected load that they will have to withstand.

Having calculated the required number and sizes of steps, we mark the profile of the future bowstring on the board. As a basis for making a bowstring, it is better to use unedged lumber, which is an order of magnitude wider than conventional edged boards.

To secure the lower part of the bowstring, it is necessary to pour concrete support platform. To protect the bottom stage from steam rising from the ground top layer It is advisable to lay a vapor barrier.

At this stage of construction, it is also necessary to provide a “cushion” device to drain excess moisture

Having filled the support area with cement mortar, we wait for the base to completely dry and only after that we begin to install the bowstring. We fix them on the supports using screws or nails. The distance between the bowstrings should not exceed one and a half meters.

Stage #4 - assembling the wooden structure

We attach the finished stringers by sawing, or using the tongue-and-groove method, to the joists of the site. To do this, we fix the boards with grooves to the area beam so that subsequently the spikes of the bowstrings are inserted into the grooves of the board.

After that we move on to installation wooden floor sites. When laying the boards, it is advisable to fit them together as closely as possible. This will help avoid future formation large cracks during the drying process of wood.

The final stage of assembling a wooden porch is the installation of steps and risers

We begin laying from the bottom step, fastening using the tongue-and-groove method and additionally fixing them with self-tapping screws. First we attach the riser, and then the tread on it.

The porch is almost ready. All that remains is to make the railings and arrange the canopy. To give the structure a more attractive and complete look, it is enough to coat the surface with varnish or paint.

Videos with examples of porch construction

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The porch to the house is considered logical conclusion building structure, has steps, since the level of the first floor is above ground level. When constructing this element it is worth considering required area for comfortable accommodation of two people and the presence of a canopy.

Everyone can do it, the main thing is to know the nuances of construction depending on the material for construction. The article discusses the main issues of how to build a porch to a house with your own hands.

• The construction work plan begins with design. This includes the type of construction, design, material, height of steps and handrails. When choosing these elements, it is taken into account what material the building is made of;

Important: when calculating steps, it is worth taking into account that a person must finish the step with the foot with which he started, that is, an odd number.

• Before you build steps with your own hands, you should know that comfortable height is 15-20 cm, and the depth is 30 cm, when these indicators increase, walking is uncomfortable;

• It will be necessary to make a slight slope so that when precipitation occurs, water does not accumulate on the surface;
• Railings and fences are required not only in structures larger than 0.5 meters; their use serves as an additional decorative decoration. The height of the railing is within 80-100 cm;
• If the area is sufficient, then you can equip it with a bench or veranda;
• The design of the structure is selected based on the exterior of the building and the surrounding area;
• You can build a porch as a separate element from the building, and after the construction process it can be connected to the house, but it is recommended to make a single foundation. If done separately monolithic design, then there is no need to attach it to the foundation of the house, since cracks will appear during the shrinkage process, which will lead to destruction.

Stages of building a porch for a one-story house

Before creating a project, it is worth considering the proportions of the house and doors in order to end up with a beautiful porch, since building a small structure with big doors look out of place and vice versa. Let's consider construction above 1.5, taking into account the fact that a single foundation was not initially provided. A complex goal will allow the construction of lightweight systems to simplify the task.

The construction of a porch to a house begins with the foundation; brick is used as the basis for this project.

Required tools and material:

1. Twine;
2. Cement for masonry and foundation;
3. Ruberoid;
4. Trowel;
5. Container for mixing the mixture;
6. Building level;
7. Brick;
8. Fittings;
9. Crushed stone;
10. Shovel;
11. Sand.

To build a porch for a house with a single foundation with the building, you will need to go down below the freezing point of the soil. You also need to go below the foundation of the building and you will need to violate the integrity of the foundation of the house.

Important: Many builders claim that it is possible to install a foundation on the ground surface without deepening; on the one hand, such a process is real, but it is worth considering that the material for such a system will need to be selected with high performance characteristics, which will lead to additional costs. This is due to the high stress that occurs every year as the soil thaws after winter when the soil is not stable. Using anti-heaving pads will also not help. The use of a non-buried foundation is permissible in regions with a dry climate. And if you use a non-buried foundation in this case, the porch will float.

Step-by-step algorithm:

• To build a porch one-story house reliable, brickwork is made in full brick, that is, the thickness will be from 30 cm;
• At this stage, according to the project, markings are made, string is stretched and pegs are installed;
• A trench is dug and filled with fine gravel or crushed stone and thoroughly compacted;
• We reinforce the resulting structure;
• The mixture for construction is prepared as follows: take one part of cement, 5 crushed stone and 3 sand;

Recommendation: when preparing the mixture, the resulting mass should have a dense structure, since the plastic solution will begin to exfoliate and peel over time. When stirring, add water in small portions.

• The foundation is poured and left alone for 20 days. During drying, the porch extension to the house is periodically moistened with water or pre-covered with film for 7 days;
• If another material is used as cladding, then when laying bricks you should not worry about jointing;
• At this stage it happens waterproofing material– roofing felt, laying occurs over the entire area;
• The waterproofing process is done in 2 layers. The first to be installed is with an overlap and in parallel;
• The laying process takes place using building level or pre-stretched twine;
• The internal space is filled construction waste, for example, broken bricks, the remaining mortar or small crushed stone and gravel 25-30 cm thick, the layers are sprinkled with sand. It is carefully compacted so that in the end the voids between the material are minimal;
• The porch for the house in the internal space is filled until 20-25 cm remains to the edge and covered with sand;
• After laying a 10-15 cm layer of gravel or small crushed stone, a screed is made;
• When performing this process, do not forget about the design of the railings and how they are fastened;
• The construction of the porch to the house is almost complete. A screed with total area. Moving on to the steps after, starting from the top.

The foundation for the porch is ready; tiles can be laid as cladding depending on the design. There are dozens of design options; the floor on the porch is decorated with decorative stone and or tiles, but only frost-resistant material, such as porcelain stoneware, must be used. The laying is done so that there are no voids; they are revealed by tapping, in which case the tiles are re-laid.

It’s not that difficult to do it with your hands, the main thing is to stick to the technology. The facade is finished with plaster for exterior use, decorative stone, and other materials suitable for outdoor use. Choice facing material finishing of the structure remains at the discretion and taste of the owner, but, most importantly, to make a beautiful porch, you need to take into account the style of the building and the site.

Construction of a concrete porch

To make concrete you should adhere to the algorithm. Main questions and recommendations:

• Construction concrete structure It is recommended to carry out during the construction of a house to create a single foundation and waterproofing. Since properly installed waterproofing affects durability;
• If the building has already been built, then the porch should be attached to the house, 5 cm lower from the front door. The number of steps depends on the height of the door;
• The material chosen for construction is high quality, moisture resistant and suitable for outdoor use.

We build a porch to the house in 3 stages:

1. Selected construction material, and are produced preparatory work Location on;
2. The main stage will be the calculation and construction of formwork;
3. Concrete laying.

Work order:

• At the first stage, a pit is dug 20-30 cm deep and 2.5 cm wider than the area of ​​the site;
• Gravel or small crushed stone is poured to a depth of 2.5 cm, and sand is laid on top to fill the voids;
• For correct calculation the height of the steps, the height of the structure is taken and divided by their number;
• At this stage, formwork is erected with a height of at least 30 cm, relative to the structure itself;
• The steps are located at right angles, and the platform itself has a slope of 0.6 cm, drainage is 30 cm. The risers also have a slope of 15 degrees;
• The formwork will require stiffening ribs;
• occurs after indentation from the wall surface;
• The stakes are driven to a depth of 25 cm and spacers are installed. The resulting base is backfilled and thoroughly compacted;
• Pre-cut boards according to the parameters of the risers are nailed to the formwork; nails are used as fastening material.

To attach a porch to a brick house, they use the same technology before pouring the mortar. It is worth considering that construction brick construction will cost more than constructing a concrete foundation.

Construction of a porch to a wooden house

Wood is considered environmentally friendly pure material, but a porch made of timber with your own hands should answer certain requirements, since the structure will be exposed to atmospheric influences and mechanical loads all year round. At the first stage, preparatory work is carried out:

1. When creating a drawing, flights of stairs, structural parameters and surfaces and design are taken into account;
2. The foundation at the project stage should be designed so that it is subject to minimal environmental influences;
3. The area for the extension must be of sufficient size to allow several people to move at the same time;
4. To build a porch from timber there are no requirements or standards;
5. Options and style are selected based on the type and design of the house;
6. The surface of the porch should be located 3-5 cm below the door leaf, otherwise precipitation will cause the door to deform, which will lead to squeaks when opening and closing, and a complete breakdown of the structure may occur.

We build a porch made of wood - a step-by-step algorithm:

• You will need boards with dimensions of 15 cm by 5 cm;
• A support is made from the prepared material and fastened together using self-tapping screws;
• A depression is made in the ground under the base of the support;

• The support is created from available material, it can be flat stones or dimes filled with cement mortar with gravel or small crushed stone;
• Wooden supports are installed on these nickels. All wooden elements are treated with an antibacterial primer to prevent mold and rot 15 cm from the soil, but it is better to saturate the entire structure;
• If there is no primer available, drying oil or used automobile oil is used as an impregnation, it is inappropriate to use bitumen here, since after application an airtight film is formed and the wood will rot from the inside;
• Self-tapping screws are used as fastening material for the platform. The more firmly connected flight of stairs and the platform, the more reliable and durable the structure will be;
• The staircase is built after the installation of the platform is completed. It is worth paying attention to the bowstring, since this element is considered the most complex, because it is presented in the form carrier board. happens exactly there.

Creating a canopy:

1. Polycarbonate is considered a common material for canopies; it has high performance indicators, which increases its service life, as well as its low cost;
2. A frame of several consoles is made from it;
3. To install the frame, metal clips will be required as fastening material. Rubber gaskets are used to seal the places where the washers are attached;
4. Holes are made for the screws, several times larger than the parts for installation, since polycarbonate tends to expand in the sun. You cannot use sharp materials for fastening: self-tapping screws and self-tapping screws, as there is a high probability that a chip will form, and subsequently there will be a crack on the surface.

The article examined several types of porch construction from different materials. Also, after construction, electricity can be installed so that dark time It was comfortable to move around for a day.

Atmospheric precipitation, wind and sun are three factors that negatively affect the condition of any building structures. Of course, you have to take protective measures all the time to extend their service life. But there is one element in the design of a house that often fails if it is not covered with something. We are talking about the porch. An open porch is often found in private housing construction. This is especially true for small houses and cottages. But many developers, even at the design stage of their home, try to make sure that their porch is under reliable protection.

Some people build a canopy over it, others build a whole canopy. By the way, such a complex is called a covered porch. It is protected from above, but open along the entire perimeter, so it still cannot be saved from moisture. Therefore, for those who are planning to build a private house, we recommend that you consider a design that is protected from all sides. This is the so-called closed porch. Essentially, this is a finished room or vestibule, which can be heated or not, all at the discretion of the customer. Both options are pictured below.

The interior of the closed porch is also chosen according to the wishes of the owner of the house, taking into account the recommendations of the designers. And here outer side The extension has its own characteristics, both structural and design.

Features of the roof structure of a closed porch

We need to start talking about a closed porch with the roof. Why?

• Firstly, this is the protective part of the structure, which is responsible for preventing natural loads from penetrating into the premises.
• Secondly, this is, in fact, a continuation of the roof of the house itself. Therefore, the requirements for the porch roof are quite strict.
• Thirdly, as with all building structures, there are strength requirements for the porch roof.

Based on the first position, we can say this. There are a huge number of roofing materials that are used today in the construction of roofs, large and small. But since the closed porch of the house is small room, that is, it is possible to use lightweight materials to cover it. For example, flexible tiles.

For the second position. Designers believe that the (closed) porch must be covered with the same roofing material as the main building itself. As practice shows, this is not always applied in practice. Look at the photo below, where the house is covered with tiles and the porch roof is clear polycarbonate. It looks very original and airy.

Position number three. Snow and rain loads greatly affect the design of the porch roof. But in the modern world, especially in the field of construction, there is no need to use any complex and heavy materials to make the roof, and indeed the entire structure, durable. Eat a large number of modern lightweight materials and products that can withstand fairly decent loads. For example, aluminum profiles.

Attention! A closed vestibule is a full-fledged room, albeit small, but a room with walls, a ceiling, a floor and a roof.

Therefore, pay attention to the photo below, which shows such a vestibule in the form of a small house attached to the main building. The entrance to the house is completely closed, but the vestibule itself is equipped with windows and an entrance door. To build it, in addition to the porch itself, it was necessary to build walls, install a door at the entrance and windows on the sides. At the same time, the walls are raised to a certain level.

But the most important thing is that the roof of the closed porch is connected only to the main building, that is, it is fixed to the wall of the house. In fact, this is a separately hanging element that is not connected in any way to the walls of the porch itself. Windows in in this case They are not a support, they just simply close the opening between the roof and the walls. Therefore, when constructing such a vestibule, you must first take care of securing the roof. There are many options here, some complex, some simple. One option is to install consoles on the facade of the house itself.

Since it has already been said that today lightweight materials can be used to build a closed porch, I would like to focus on glazing systems. Again, we draw your attention to the photo below, where you can see very nice option, glazed on all sides. This lightweight design, transparent, so during the day there is no need for light on the porch.

This photo also shows the glass roof. This is one of the options, although this element can be constructed from different materials. The main thing is to carry out the installation and fastening correctly. Such a vestibule has one drawback - the glass will have to be cleaned and washed all the time.

As for the northern regions, here it is better to build a vestibule in the form of a completely indoors Of course, the entrance is equipped with a door. It is important to use materials during construction that can withstand low temperatures. Again, we draw your attention to the photo below, where a closed vestibule made of brick was erected. By the way, it does not match the color tone of the facade of the house, as the designers recommend. Small windows beautiful door- that's all that is needed.

By the way, this version of a closed porch is very easy to build with your own hands.

How to build a covered porch with your own hands

Let's look at how to build a closed vestibule from brick, which is shown in the photo above. We will not delve into all the intricacies of construction; we will be interested in the sequence and some nuances.

• As with any structure, you will have to build a foundation for a closed porch. The best option is slab. That is, a pit is dug to a depth of half a meter to suit the size of the object, which is covered with a layer of crushed stone up to 20 cm, and sand on top with a layer of up to 10-15 cm. This pillow is compacted layer by layer.
• A reinforcing frame is installed on top in the form of a lattice made of metal fittings diameters 10-12 mm.
• Poured concrete mortar to the edges of the pit. Concrete must be compacted using a vibrator.

Attention! The foundation must be dried for 28 days. During this period, the concrete will reach its brand strength.

Now you can build the porch itself with steps. The simplest option is brick or blocks, which after the construction of the entire closed design will be lined (see photo above). If you decide to make a porch from concrete, then you can immediately pour concrete mortar onto the backfilled cushion, laying the reinforced frame and installing the formwork. That is, in this case you can do without a foundation.

So, everything is ready to build brick walls. First of all, it is necessary to apply waterproofing under the masonry. Do not neglect protective operations, vestibule closed type- this is the first protective barrier against precipitation. The construction itself brick walls produced according to standard technology, where the basis is a bandage of blocks. Openings for windows and the entrance door must be left with the installation of lintels or frames. The entrance is determined based on the width of the porch.

Attention! The walls of the closed porch must be attached to the walls of the building.

Therefore, every five rows of bricks need to be driven into the façade of the house. metal pins from reinforcement. The pin must be at least 30 cm long and must be located between the bricks.

The matter remains under the roof. As mentioned above, it must be attached to the facade of the main building. But since our porch is built of bricks (very reliable wall material), then it can be installed directly on the walls of a closed porch. Most often this is a wooden structure, consisting of a supporting tier of beams that are mounted around the perimeter of the room. By the way, the beam located at the entrance to the house is attached specifically to the wall. The rest are to the walls of the extension.

If it is being built pitched roof above the porch, then another one of these is hung and secured above the support beam near the facade wooden element. The rafters on which it is laid are mounted roofing material. Final stage- finishing of the interior space. Everything here is at the discretion of the customer, although projects in this regard may be very original. By the way, don’t forget to hem the ceiling, although you can do without it if the porch is unheated. Before finishing, windows and a door to the entrance are installed, lighting is installed.

As mentioned above, private developers are increasingly using latest materials. Polycarbonate is one of them. It is durable, transparent and easy to process (cut, bend), so it is very easy to make a closed porch from it with your own hands. The only thing is that you need to build a wooden or metal structure. The second option is stronger, but more expensive.

Considering various projects porch for a country house, several main criteria can be identified for dividing structures by type. Each model is more or less suitable for a specific version of the house, design, available space for construction, style, etc. Let's look at what the essence of the classification is and what features can be highlighted for different projects porch.

Types of structures

The first thing to start with is dividing the general concept of building a porch into basic types. The essence of this classification is to highlight the key differences between various designs. So, the site could be:

• Open. This is an option when a small porch is not limited by partitions and walls. Essentially this is an open space in front of the front door with steps up. In the building itself, you immediately find yourself in a hallway or other room.
• Closed. This option is especially relevant if the house is located in a noisy area, for example, near a road or a busy sidewalk, as well as in climatic zones with extremely low and high temperatures. A staircase leads to the porch, and the platform is limited only by the area required to open the front door. The main functional part of the porch is located inside and is essentially the so-called dressing room. This way you will be able to achieve additional heat and sound insulation in the building itself, as well as equip a place to store shoes or household items.
• Terrace. This is perhaps the most popular and most optimal porch design for a country house. This is a kind of extended version of the open area. At the same time, the area of ​​the terrace is sufficient to equip it as a recreation area. She is often fenced decorative elements with balusters and handrails, and also has a canopy.

Types of porch of a country house according to design features

The enclosed porch is also additional protection from hacking, since most often there are two entrance doors: at the entrance to the porch and directly into the house itself.

Shape of the platform and steps

The second criterion that should be taken into account when considering porch design options is its shape. There are only a few options available here:

• Simple rectangular. This standard option. It is easiest to build a flat, rectangular platform, despite the differences in the materials used in one case or another. There are also much fewer problems with the design.
• Round. This option looks very impressive. In this case, it is possible to design both the platform and the steps of the house together in the form of a circle or a combination of forms: round porch and a straight staircase or a rectangular landing and radial steps.
• L-shaped. This option is mainly used for arranging a terrace. Having entered it from one side, you can go to the continuation of the front area, running along the adjacent wall. This is very convenient, since in the available space you can equip a recreation area, summer option kitchens, etc.

Porch options for a private house depending on the shape of the site and steps

Materials used

To decorate the entrance of a country house, you can use materials that are completely different in type and properties. When choosing them, you need to take into account the possibilities of further design, the style of the exterior and your own skills in working with one or another type of structure if you are planning independent construction.

Let's take a closer look at the types of materials used to build the porch of a country house:

• Tree. A house project using a wooden porch is perfect option for lovers of rustic style. The material is easy to process, but requires special protection against destruction. Beams are used for the supports and sheathing of a wooden porch, and the sheathing is done using boards.
• Metal. It looks a little rough, but in some styles this is an advantage. Channels are used for construction, corner profiles, sheet metal, as well as pipes. The combination with forged elements looks especially good. For some parts you can use stainless steel.
• Concrete. One of the most popular options. In this case, a solid platform with a stable, deep foundation can be cast. The steps should be additionally reinforced. To give an aesthetic appearance, further surface finishing is required.
• Brick. The project is partly based on the use of concrete as a base. But the surface laying of the stairs and porch platform is done using durable, wear-resistant brick.

Types of porch according to the type of materials used

You shouldn’t limit yourself to just one material. You can combine them with each other both in design and when creating a base, for example, metal supports for a wooden porch.

Types of stairs

Separately, you should pay attention to the designs of staircase structures for a country house. Street steps are distinguished by special standards that provide for fewer restrictions in almost all respects.

To climb to the porch, it is best to use a staircase design with a slight slope, especially if the platform is not high. This way you can make the climb more comfortable, and also widen the treads so that you can later place decor on them.

The material must at least partially match the finishing of the front part of the country house and the site itself. For example, for a wooden house, choose similar wood, and for a brick house, you can support the theme with clinker and stone.

The mounting of the steps also greatly influences the appearance of the porch. For wooden lifting, mainly models on stringers are used. Metal steps They are welded to the bowstrings and can later be covered with laminate or wood. For concrete, casting with formwork is often provided, although prefabricated reinforced elements are sometimes used.

Design

For the porch of a country house, there are various designs for the design of the platform and steps. The main nuance that affects the perception of a design is the choice finishing material. For street structures of this type you can use:

• wood;
• plastic;
• laminate;
• tiles;
• stone;
• linoleum or polyurethane.

Finishing material plays a big role in the perception of the porch of a private house

You can limit yourself to plastering the adjacent walls and painting the base. For a wooden porch, it will be enough to apply stain and varnish.

Also take care of the presence of fences and handrails, especially if the porch functions as a terrace or has more than 3 steps. The material is selected to match the overall style. It could be stainless steel forged metal, carved wood, plastic, brick, etc.

To decorate the porch space and surrounding areas in a country house, you can use live plants. Also take care of arranging proper lighting and select outdoor furniture. To protect from the sun and wind, you can use screens and curtains.

In order not to depend on weather conditions, most porch areas are equipped with canopies. If you want to build a balcony on top, install supports in advance. They look especially impressive when finishing columns with clinker. For a wooden porch, use thick beams.

Each project has its own advantages. Choose suitable option according to personal preferences and available funds. Don’t forget that the outside of the house should look holistic and organic, so stick to a single stylistic direction.

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