Car enthusiasts with extensive experience know very well that a perfectly made roof for a garage is very important, since it is not only the final stage of the entire construction, but also serves as protection from various atmospheric precipitations. Construction of a roof is a complex process, so you must first become familiar with what kind of roofs are made on garages and choose the right one roof covering.
What types of garage roofs are there?
The roof for a garage can be varied, so you must initially decide on its design. In many cases, it is possible to replace one type of roof with another, but this requires additional expenses and anxiety. That's why it's better to initial stage roof construction make the right choice.
Before choosing one of the types of roof frames, you should decide on its load-bearing characteristics, the size and shape of the box, and then consider one of the presented roof design options.
Features of a pitched roof device
A pitched roof is the simplest type of structure, which is in great demand today, since it has no analogues of similar cost. To equip such a roof, you do not need to use special building materials, special equipment or have deep knowledge in the field of design.
A shed roof is the simplest and cheapest structure for covering a garage.Features of the construction of a pitched roof are as follows:
Two boards connected along the wide side are often used as rafter legs, however the best option- use beams made of metal or wood with a cross section of 50*150 mm.
A pitched roof consists of the following parts:
- the base of the roof is the rafter system to which all other constituent elements are attached;
- sheathing is a support for the roof covering;
- elements that strengthen the rafter system;
- insulating materials, which protect the structure from water and retain heat inside the structure;
- directly covering the garage roof.
The upper ends of the garage with a pitched roof must have a mauerlat or logs that support the rafters. They are attached to the walls using wire anchors. The anchors themselves can be embedded in the masonry or driven into the wall.
Such a structure can be covered with any type of roofing material: roofing felt, corrugated sheeting, soft tiles, etc.
How is a gable roof constructed?
Two are installed above the garage pitched roof, if an attic is needed. The most common gable roof gable design is an isosceles triangle.
Rafter system gable roof can be performed in the following options:
Installing a gable roof is very simple, since its base consists of several rafters of identical sizes. The installation of the frame rafters is done sequentially, and then they are connected at the very top of the roof.
The roof support is the walls of the building. To correctly calculate the size of the ridge and rafters, you need to know not only the angle of inclination of the roof, but also the dimensions of the building. To accurately make a canopy, you need to add about half a meter to the length of the rafters.
Installation of a gable roof begins with the arrangement of trusses, which are assembled on the ground according to a template. The Mauerlat is installed around the perimeter of the building, and then it is attached to the wall using anchors. A layer of roofing felt is made between the Mauerlat and the wall.
Characteristic features of a sloping roof
A broken roof is a structure with numerous broken lines. In principle, this is a type of gable roof that allows you to create attic floor additional room.
There are the following types of broken roofs:
The reliability of the structure and its comfort depend on the type of roof chosen. However, sloping hipped roofs are becoming most popular today, since they ideally combine two features: the effective use of additional space and the low complexity of installing the rafter system. This approach involves obtaining full-fledged living quarters with small financial investments.
The installation of a sloping hipped roof of the garage allows you to create full-fledged living quarters on the second floor To build a broken roof, you need to make a fairly large structure rafter system, however, during its construction, modular installation methods can be used, so it is not necessary to use different lifting equipment. The rafter system and racks are cut at the desired angle in those places where there are fractures in the slopes. To secure the nodes, you need to use “kerchiefs” made of plywood with maximum thickness 2 cm.
This design of a hipped roof is perfect for small-sized garages, where it is not possible to construct a sloping roof of a more complex shape. For buildings with large areas, a different rafter system is installed.
Used garage roof
An operable roof is a flat-shaped structure that has a special coating. A similar structure can be built over the entire area of the building or over some part of it.
The roof in use is conventionally divided into the following types:
The construction of such a roof must comply with the standards specified in SNiP, since the operating time of the roof depends on the correctness of the selected materials, the calculations performed, and the consideration of loads.
Typically, the roof structure has a multi-layer structure, and it is done in this way:
- rigid base;
- required layer vapor barriers;
- insulation;
- screed under right angle;
- waterproofing layer;
- protective separator;
- finishing coat.
An existing roof can also be constructed using granite gravel (fraction 25/32 mm), which is laid on geotextiles. In order for the roof to operate normally, gravel is laid with a thickness of at least 50 mm. Geotextiles in parallel with gravel will make the coating more stable.
The undeniable advantages of a sliding roof for a garage
Today, mobile sliding roofs, which have many advantages over traditional roofs, are of great interest.
According to its design, a sliding roof can be of the following type:
By functionality Sliding roofs are divided into:
- seasonal (the structure moves only during a certain period, usually in summer);
- permanent (used throughout the year);
- temporary (used for mobile light structures).
In addition, a sliding roof can be not only permanent, when the entire structure or a specific part of it is covered, but also attached over various buildings to the main house. Among other things, a retractable roof can also be designed over other free-standing buildings, for example, greenhouses, greenhouses or observatories.
The main elements of a sliding roof are load-bearing aluminum profiles, which are manufactured with a variety of protective coatings in the form of:
- anodizing;
- powder paint;
- various enamels.
To give rigidity to the profiles, a steel pipe with a square cross-section is installed inside them. However, the most durable forms of sliding roof frames are considered to be:
- dome;
- arched;
- single-pitched with a slope angle of at least 45 o.
For other types of roofs, which have a slope angle of up to 45 o, only reinforced coverings and profiles are used.
The highest quality and effective options When installing a retractable roof, coverings made of plexiglass, triplex or tempered glass are considered. This type of panel can withstand hail up to 14 mm.
What types of materials are used for garage roofs?
A garage roof can be built from a variety of building materials, and their cost depends on the “thickness” of your wallet, and installation methods depend on the time you have. Therefore, it is worth thinking carefully about the type of roofing material for the garage.
A fairly popular and well-known material among consumers, which is affordable and easy to use. One roll is enough to cover 10 m2 of roofing and forget about it for 15 years. The main advantage of roofing felt is that this coating is inexpensive and durable, but for its use it is necessary to make a sheathing, as well as a rigid frame.
Ruberoid is one of the most inexpensive and popular materials for covering garage roofing Waterproofing is considered high-quality, provided that it is made of at least four different layers, and different types of roofing material are used.
Corrugated sheet
This is a modern material that is replacing slate, since the service life of corrugated sheets exceeds half a century. When deciding how to cover your garage roof, consider purchasing load-bearing wall material of the NS brand. The wavy profile of the sheet is made using cold rolling. All types of corrugated sheets have an identical wave-like trapezoidal shape, but the size and height of the material differs for all brands.
Corrugated sheeting is one of the most popular materials for garage roofing because it is lightweight and lasts at least 50 years Corrugated sheeting is a durable, fireproof, as well as water and soundproof roofing material that meets government standards. Its advantage is its reusability.
Slate
Traditional slate is often used for garage roofing, as its service life is about 40 years at a moderate cost. The material is an asbestos-cement board, which is quite simple to install - holes are drilled into which galvanized nails are driven with an allowance of a couple of millimeters. Further, the installation of this material is carried out identically to the installation of a roof made of corrugated sheets with the only difference - the corners of the internal spans are cut off.
Slate is laid on the garage roof in the same way as corrugated sheeting and secured with special slate nails Roof tiles
The garage roof can also be made of cement-sand or ceramic tiles. These types of natural coatings last approximately 100 years and are characterized by resistance to ultraviolet radiation, fire resistance and the ability to withstand a variety of temperature changes. In addition, the tiles perfectly absorb noise, do not retain static voltage and have low thermal conductivity.
To lay tiles on a gable roof, special locks are used on each product If a roof is being built with a slope of about 12 degrees, then ideal option is a metal tile. The flooring is made of galvanized steel 0.6 mm thick, which is coated with a polymer composition. To give the material its shape, it is stamped. Metal tiles are sold in a varied palette of colors.
Metal tiles are laid large sheets, often corresponding in length to the dimensions of the slope Seam roof
Metal is the lightest building material, allowing you to save money when installing the frame. Of course, when maintaining a metal structure, you will have to spend a lot of money, but this material is suitable for any type of roof. For example, planning to build metal roof, when arranging it, you can only get by with a sheathing made of beams.
To create a seam garage roof, special tools are used to form a sheet fastening profile Installing a seam structure requires the use of special equipment and the involvement of professionals, since even minor “punctures” in the calculations will lead to distortions, which are much more difficult to eliminate than to immediately build the roof correctly.
How and how to insulate a garage roof
Every motorist dreams of a warm garage, and making the roof insulated is quite simple.
IN modern construction The garage roof is insulated in combination, that is, traditional insulation is combined with a heat insulator that reflects light and does not allow infrared radiation to pass through. However, in some cases such costs may be unreasonably high, for example, if the building is detached. Then use classic materials, such as:
- Mineral wool. It has excellent technical characteristics. It is used only with hydro- and vapor barrier material, which protects mineral wool from water. In addition, mineral wool is quite affordable.
Mineral wool is inserted into the cells between the rafters and secured with wire or fishing line before the final ceiling covering is laid - Glass wool. This material is cheaper than other insulation materials, but has a low degree of fire resistance. If you plan to make a pitched roof, then it is better to buy a special type of glass wool, which has a high density structure. This material is produced in rolls with a width equal to the normal distance between the rafter legs.
Glass wool is one of the most inexpensive and available materials for roof insulation - Styrofoam. This is a waterproof material, which in its thermal insulation characteristics is similar to mineral wool. Polystyrene foam is a flammable insulation material, but the PBS-S brand with the addition of fire retardants has the property of self-extinguishing. Due to these features of the material, it is used as insulation for garage roofs. In addition, it does not rot, mold and mildew do not form on it.
Laying foam plastic in the sheathing of a garage roof does not require special skills - Penoizol. It is a liquid foam, but with best performance. It is resistant to fire and water, hardens when placed in a confined space, and forms an ideal seamless coating. With all this, penoizol is cheaper than any sheet foam, and its service life is about 40 years without loss of characteristics.
To insulate the roof with foam insulation, it is necessary to use special equipment for spraying
You can also apply traditional options To insulate a garage roof, for example, use sawdust, but they cannot be compared with modern materials.
The garage space is an object with a high probability of fire, so it is necessary to purchase insulation with improved fire resistance characteristics.
Insulating the garage roof from the inside
- special buttons or furniture stapler with staples;
- vapor barrier film;
- carpentry tools;
- self-adhesive tape;
- waterproofing;
- insulation.
Thermal insulation of the roof from the inside is carried out as follows:
Such a cake is laid not only on wooden beam structures, but also on reinforced concrete slabs. Before installation, the beams are protected with sheet material, after which waterproofing is attached to it, then insulation and vapor barrier.
Avoid contact waterproofing film with insulation, there must be a certain distance between these materials for ventilation. Direct contact is only allowed if a superdiffusion membrane has been used.
Video: how to insulate the inside of a garage roof
We insulate the garage roof from the outside
The roof is insulated from the outside during the construction stage, since it is not very convenient to open it already finished building in order to correct shortcomings. Please note the presence of a vapor barrier, which must be installed on the side of the room. This way you can prevent not only re-condensation of vapors, but also avoid unpleasant leaks. How to insulate a garage roof from the outside:
Video: how to insulate a garage roof from the outside
How to repair a garage roof
Leaking is the main nuisance that a garage roof brings, and the reasons for this may be:
- exhaustion of the strength resource during operation;
- negative impact of weather;
- incorrect roof installation;
- mechanical damage due to careless cleaning of the roof from snow cover;
- low quality finishing material;
- neglect of the installation of waterproofing;
- violation of installation standards when using roofing material.
Leaks must be eliminated at the stage of mold or wet spots appearing. Initially, it is worth checking the joints and joints, then the integrity of the roof for holes, chips or other damage. In addition, it is necessary to eliminate various types of blockages, such as dry leaves that clog the corners of the roof and accumulate moisture.
The method of eliminating a leak depends solely on the amount of damage and the characteristics of the roofing material. Partial renovation can be carried out for small-piece and soft roofing materials. Volume repair work for panel and sheet material depends only on the complexity of the structure and its damage.
Using roofing felt, you can quickly and inexpensively completely repair your garage roof and get rid of leaks When preparing drawings and a garage roof project, immediately include in the estimate an extra 10% for other expenses that are difficult to foresee.
Video: how to repair a garage roof
High-quality construction garage roofs - best option minimize your costs if you have the necessary knowledge in construction. The choice of material and tools is of great importance when arranging a roof. Just read the necessary information and you can do all the work yourself. We wish you success!
Roofs with one slope are an option ideal for arranging garages. Widespread across the vast expanses of the country, gently sloping planes authoritatively complete solid brick buildings and small frame boxes.
The construction principle is much simpler than the construction of a gable rival. The work is carried out much faster, and the result lasts longer, which has a very convincing effect on independent craftsmen. However, to successfully complete the matter, you should firmly know how a pitched roof for a garage is constructed, and what is the smartest way to arrange it.
Single-pitch structures do not capture the imagination of aesthetes, but they appeal to the minds of practitioners extremely persistently. Therefore, not very beautiful, but simple and reliable roofs with a single slope are built mainly over outbuildings.
The leadership of shed roofs in the field of garage arrangement is justified by an impressive list of advantages, including:
- Economical. A minimum amount of materials is spent on construction and arrangement.
- Simplicity of design. A pitched roof is formed by separately installed rafters, the edges of which rest on walls of different heights. The function of walls can be performed by pillars, columns or racks of a frame structure.
- Long term impeccable service. Elements of a well-built pitched roof are easily washed by air currents. Excellent ventilation eliminates the formation of destructive condensation and prevents moisture wooden parts and its inevitable result is decay.
The construction of pitched roofs over garage boxes in most cases is not accompanied by the construction of an attic. The configuration itself is not very convenient for organizing in attic places to store, for example, winter tires.
An exception may be the owner’s desire to make a workshop above the main room. True, in such situations it is more expedient for the construction to use broken technology or, which provides the opportunity to acquire an almost two-story garage at relatively low costs.
Subtleties of garage roof design
There are significantly more options for constructing pitched roofs over garages than the structural simplicity suggests. They are erected over separate objects and over extensions.
One slope can cover not only a garage, but also a bathhouse or a summer house with an adjacent wall. The basis for construction can be not only a stack with walls of different heights, but also a box, the walls of which are brought to a single level.
The main feature of a pitched roof is the presence of support under both edges of the rafters. The elements of the rafter system are simply laid, i.e. as if they are leaning on the supports, in this regard they have the technical name “layered”.
In fact, the rafters of a pitched roof are ordinary beams laid at a slight angle to the horizontal. Therefore, the steepness of the structure is not taken into account during design and calculations.
Principles for determining the angle of inclination
Proper construction of a pitched roof must maintain the slope necessary for the free drainage of rainwater and removal of precipitation during snowmelt. That is why the height of the supporting structures should vary.
Three factors influence the choice of slope angle:
- Climatic specificity of a particular region. Gentle lean-to structures with a slope of up to 5-7º it is irrational to build in areas with heavy winter precipitation. But they work great in areas with high wind activity and little snow. Shed roofs with a slope of 20-25º should not be built in areas with frequent strong winds over detached garages. It is possible to build over an extension.
- Type of roofing. In the arrangement of flat roofs up to 8º they are used roll roofing: polymer, 3 and 4-layer bitumen or bitumen-polymer materials. If the roof slope is 8-10º, the roof is laid in two layers. If the angle of inclination is 15-20º, metal sheets connected by a seam, flat and corrugated slate are used. For roofs with a slope of 25º, one of its variations, metal tiles, is suitable.
- Landscape design of the estate. Architectural canons command the use of roofs of the same color and type within the same territorial unit. At least for own plot, if it does not burden the budget too much.
It doesn’t matter whether the angle of inclination is chosen based on the specified circumstances, or vice versa. It is important that the result is a consensus that satisfies the entire range of the listed conditions.
The steepness of a pitched roof is extremely important parameter for a garage, which must be decided upon at the garage design stage. It will make it clear whether it will be necessary to construct the box walls of different heights or whether the slope can be ensured by installing a cantilever-girder frame on one side.
Length of rafter legs
The area of the slope should take into account the formation of overhangs that protect building construction from direct and oblique rains. Craftsmen who want to know how to correctly design a pitched roof for a garage need to take into account the type of material from which the walls are made, because:
- Overhangs over metal-clad frame buildings should be at least 10-20cm.
- Overhangs over log houses should be 50-60cm.
- Overhangs over brick and concrete garage boxes are 30-40 cm.
Sometimes overhangs are increased to form a canopy from the entrance or along a long wall. A canopy that has increased in area must be supported on pillars built on a common foundation with the garage or on a separate foundation.
Upon completion of the analysis of geometric parameters, you can safely begin to calculate the sizes of the rafters.
Rules for calculating the rafter system
To calculate the elements of the rafter frame, it is easier to use one of the programs offered on the Internet. There are no fundamental differences in their calculations.
The data is simply entered into specific tables, after which the result appears almost instantly. Because intensive pedestrian movements on the surface of a pitched roof are usually not expected, then for calculations you will only need to know:
- The weight of the roof covering distributed over 1 m² of area without taking into account the angle of inclination.
- The weight of continuous sheathing used for arranging slopes up to 25º. The weight of a board per 1 m², plywood or OSB is taken.
- The weight of the insulation, if it is planned to be installed.
- The mass of snow cover, established from long-term observations in a specific area.
The weight of precipitation in the construction area can be determined from the map we provided, or found in a collection of standards for construction climatology.
Degree of complexity of the rafter frame
The structural complexity of a pitched roof truss system directly depends on the size of the span it covers:
- If the span does not exceed 4.5 m, the rafter frame is extremely simple. It consists only of parallel rafter legs connected to the mauerlat bars or equivalent elements.
- If the span is more than 4.6 m, but less than 6 m, then the system becomes more complicated. Due to the impressive length of the rafter, there is a possibility of it sagging and twisting. To avoid deformation and increase the rigidity of the structure, the rafter legs are supported by struts.
- If the span is more than 6 m, it is divided into conditional segments, between which a purlin structure with vertical supports is installed. Naturally, to install the purlin frame you need your own support in the form of an internal wall. You can rest it on a concrete floor, for installing a roof on top of which almost no calculations are required.
Optimal sizes internal space a garage for one car is considered to be 3.5 x 5.2 m. Even if you do not take into account the thickness of the walls, it is clear that you need to build a roof over the box with the indicated dimensions according to the diagrams from the first or second point. When the slope slopes across the long walls of the building, the rafters are laid without additional elements.
If the slope is directed along long walls, the rafters will need to be supported with struts. In any case, both options should be thought through and calculated. It is advisable to draw up two drawings of a garage with a pitched roof in order to select the most suitable type in terms of technological and economic aspects.
Construction Process Instructions
A better method for studying construction technologies than analyzing real developments and examples has not yet been invented. They are also useful for those who have decided to make a pitched roof over a garage planned for construction with their own hands, and for those who need to control the construction of an object on their personal plot.
Close attention should be paid to the construction of the foundation for the garage. The foundation of the building must be flawless and truly strong. If the soils settle unevenly under the weight of the “iron horse,” the foundation will certainly crack. Damage that is barely noticeable at the initial stage will turn into a large gap with full list ensuing consequences: with a violation of thermal insulation, displacement of part of the wall and a skewed roof as a result.
Uneven settlement is especially dangerous for prefabricated and columnar foundations. A grillage placed on top of them will not save brick and concrete walls from destruction due to their insignificant inherent power. Therefore, it is quite reasonable to pour under capital structures monolithic slab or tape. Monolithic foundations must be buried at least 30 cm below the seasonal soil freezing horizon, and 50 cm to ensure reliability.
In the northern regions, a slab so deeply buried would be too expensive. They prefer belts with floors made of concrete slabs, if the construction of an inspection pit is planned, or with a concrete floor on a compacted base, if the construction of a pit is not planned.
Frame garages are not too demanding on foundations. Due to the uneven settlement of the underlying soils, they may become slightly distorted. However, the frames of the upper and bottom trim, rigidly coupled to the wall posts, will prevent the building from collapsing. Moreover, correcting the imbalance will not be difficult: it is enough to lift the sagging part of the building with a jack and level the foundation by laying bricks, foam blocks, scraps of timber, etc.
The possibility of freely eliminating shortcomings is the reason for using columnar types of foundations for frame garages, the construction of one of which we will deal with.
Construction of a detached garage with a single-pitch garage
Undeniable advantages frame technology The sweet couple of definitions “cheap and fast” perfectly reflects it. Let's add to them the possibility of building with our own hands and laconicly send the slightest doubts into the distance. Let's get started.
Construction process frame garage step by step:
- We arrange according to columnar foundation bottom trim of the frame. First of all, we create a frame from 150x200 timber according to the dimensions of the garage. We lay the elements flat with the wide side and connect them at the corners with an oblique cut. We strengthen the connections with nails, bolts, and metal plates. We fill the space between the frame ribs with 150×150 timber, laid on ordinary foundation pillars. We additionally reinforce the corners with staples;
- We are constructing the front wall of the garage. We install beams 150×150 3 m long at the corners of the frame. We fasten them with reinforced galvanized corners and fix them with temporary jibs to the adjacent ribs of the strapping. We install beams of equal cross-section and length according to the width of the opening for the garage door, and fasten them with corners. We connect the resulting racks by laying a 100×150 beam on top with a similar fastening - we get the front part of the upper trim.
- Assembling the back wall. We install four pieces of 150×150 timber, 2.5 – 2.7 m long, at equal distances. The height of the rear wall posts is calculated during the design process and depends on the length of the garage. We additionally fix the corner posts with temporary jibs. We tie all four elements on top with 100×150 timber. This is the back part of the top harness.
- We lay the rafters edge-on on the frame beams. To cut the rafter legs we use a 25×150 board. We fasten them with corners or sliding supports to the strapping bars.
- We build the side walls. We apply an inch to the middle of the side wall, on which we mark the actual cut lines. According to the template made from an inch, we make side wall posts from 150x150 timber. We install them and connect them at the top with a 100×150 beam attached to the side edges of the racks.
- We tie the entire frame in the middle with a 50×150 board. Let's take half the length of the rear wall column as the starting point for the middle trim.
- We install permanent jibs. We dismantle all previously installed auxiliary elements. Each frame segment obtained as a result of installing the middle frame is equipped with a jib from a 25x150 board.
- We are decorating the roof. We arrange a continuous sheathing by laying a 25×150 board on the rafters with gaps of 2-3mm. Instead of boards, you can use plywood or OSB-3 panels. We cover the perimeter with a wind board, spread waterproofing, and install the covering.
All that remains is to sheathe the garage frame with boards, wall corrugated sheeting or moisture-resistant plywood, which is used as a base for subsequent finishing.
If you want to insulate the garage, thermal insulation is laid between the frame elements before the sheathing. There is no need at all to sheath the walls and ceiling from the inside of an uninsulated building. Wooden components that are open to free access to air dry out well, thanks to which they last a long time.
Construction of an extension with a pitched roof
By economic indicators An extension garage is significantly superior to a detached property. It’s not just a matter of a significant reduction in building materials due to common wall with the main building. If necessary, it is more profitable and easier to connect communications to the extension.
The frame extension described in the example was made strip foundation. To fill it, they did not dig a pit, but a trench into which the formwork was installed. The height of the formwork was calculated so that a small base of 15–20 cm would rise above the ground surface. During the pouring period, we install embedded parts to secure the frame to the foundation.
After stripping the contour, we select soil 30 cm below the ground surface. We tamp the bottom and first fill it with 10 cm of a mixture of crushed stone and sand, then 10 cm of sand, then tamp again. We lay oiled paper or roofing felt on the compacted sand, and pour 10 cm of concrete on top of this layer. We received the most suitable concrete floor for a garage.
If you want to make a slight slope of about 1% towards the gate, before pouring you need to install it in the longitudinal direction wooden planks at the required angle. The planks are installed on edge 60cm from the walls. The space between them is filled with concrete mixture and is distributed by mashing with the required slope. After removing the slats, the grooves formed by them are filled with solution.
Sequence of work on constructing an extension garage:
- Bottom trim device. We lay a strip of roofing felt, roofing felt or similar on the base waterproofing material. We lay the parts of the lower trim, pre-cut from 150×150 timber, on top of the waterproofing. We check the horizontal position with a level and, if necessary, level the position by adding wood chips. We connect the strapping parts with a cut, supplement the joints with bolts, and reinforce the corners with staples.
- Installation of entrance posts. Before installing the strapping in the timber, we make a notch along the edge along the timber markings with a depth of about 7 cm. We install racks made of 150×150 timber, their height must correspond to the project.
- Construction of the walls of the extension. First, we form corner supports from 50×150 boards. Two boards are installed at an angle to each other so that the adjacent board forms the edge of the adjacent wall. We fill the space between the corner supports with row racks. We install them in increments of approximately 60cm.
- Top trim device. We lay the 50×150 board flat in two rows, bandaging the joints.
- Laying ceiling beams. We install a 50×150 board edgewise with a pitch of about 60cm per top harness. Between the beams we place scraps of 50×50 boards to fix their position.
- Installation of rafters. We install the rafter legs next to the beams at an angle. To form the corner, we use either wall brackets, pre-screwed to the supporting structure of the main building, or short support drains installed on the frame.
- We install a continuous sheathing along the rafters, cover it with waterproofing, and lay the covering.
The final stages are carried out in the traditional sequence. We sheathe the garage, arrange a jamb for the gate and hang the gate.
A review of options for constructing a pitched roof with a detailed study of construction technology will help you build reliable design personally or guarantees proper control of the work of hired builders.
A garage is a room, of course, not intended for housing, but it cannot perform all its functions if the roof constantly leaks. Car owners especially often encounter this phenomenon in the spring, when the snow accumulated on the roof begins to melt. But a well-made roof will not leak or cause problems, and your car home will always be dry and cozy. What is the best way to cover the garage roof to avoid all the troubles?
The purpose of any garage is to protect against external influences motor vehicle. Rain, snow, wind can quickly ruin appearance cars, and for a motorcycle standing on the street, such effects are simply disastrous. Due to excess moisture, corrosion processes on metal products begin to pass quite quickly, destroying the metal. That is why the garage must be of high quality and have no leaks.
The roof on the garage can be single-pitch or gable. These are the most common options. In the first case, it is easiest to make a roof - it consists of one slope resting on the walls of the building with different heights. The angle of inclination can be different (up to 60 degrees) - usually this indicator depends on the climate in the region, the wind rose, and the selected roofing covering.
On a note! A roof with one slope is usually constructed if there is no need to create an attic.
The roofing material is laid on wooden rafters. The height of the difference is calculated using the formula H = D x tan a, where D is the width of the garage. The last indicator is selected according to the Bradis table. Wood for rafters must be treated with antiseptic compounds that will protect the material from exposure biological organisms, and it is also recommended to cover it with compounds that reduce the likelihood of fire (fire retardants). The category of shed roof also includes roofing, which is often found on garages built of concrete.
A gable roof is built if the garage is planned to be equipped with an attic. Typically, such a roof has the shape of a triangle. The frame consists of rafter legs connected at a certain angle, supported by the walls and at the top point of their connection. The height of the roof ridge H and the length of the rafters C can be determined using the formulas N = 0.5 x N (Z:2) And C = 0.5 x N/sin (Z:2), where Z is the slope value. For an equilateral roof, the appropriate option is to use the Pythagorean theorem.
Less often, but still, a multi-slope roof is installed. However, it is already much more difficult to implement, so rarely does anyone undertake to build it with their own hands.
Advice! To create a roof on a garage with your own hands, beginners are advised to opt for a simple pitched roof.
Table. What else do you need to consider?
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| To select the type of roof and materials for it, it is worth taking into account the type of foundation and its strength, the strength of load-bearing walls and ceilings. After taking into account the main indicators, the roofing material is selected in accordance with them. |
| It is important to take into account the wind load on the building, the location of the garage, and the frequency of snowfalls and rains. |
| If the garage is located in a cooperative, then it is recommended to select roofing material so that it is in harmony with the rest of the buildings. |
| To create a roof and its covering you may need various instruments. It’s worth making a list of what you need and purchasing or renting them before starting work. |
Comparison of materials
You can use any roofing materials for the garage roof. Of course, most owners want to save on construction by choosing a material that is suitable in both quality and cost. Let's look at the main types of coatings used for roofing.
Ceramic tiles
This is one of the most beautiful and popular types of roofing material. It is made of clay and therefore has such advantages as resistance to rust, exposure to sunlight, low temperatures and attack by microorganisms. The service life of the coating is long and amounts to about 100 years. Disadvantages include the significant weight of the material, difficulty in transportation due to fragility, and fairly high cost.
Installation of such a roof is easy, but if the roof slope angle is more than 12 degrees, you should not use tiles. It is also not suitable for finishing a concrete garage.
Prices for different types of tiles
Roof tiles
Ondulin
This is a kind of soft version of slate, otherwise called Euroslate. It has several color variations, which allows you to choose it to suit any building style. The service life of the coating is 20 years (warranty period), the material protects the roof well from leaks, is not dangerous from an environmental point of view, is easy to install and is lightweight. The advantages include its low price. The disadvantages include the flammability of the coating, but it will never catch fire on its own. It also fades quickly in the sun and loses its color brightness.
Prices for various types of ondulin
One of the oldest roofing options. It is a corrugated sheet made from an asbestos-cement mixture. The material is durable, easy to repair, does not rust, is cheap, and does not burn. However, it is quite fragile, and if the roof is not properly sealed, leaks can form.
On a note! Slate is one of the cheapest coating options, which is why it is often used to finish the roof of a budget garage.
Prices for different types of slate
Metal corrugated sheeting
A roofing option that replaced slate. It is made of galvanized thin steel sheet, has waves or trapezoidal corrugations, due to which it acquires additional strength.
The material is easy to install, has a lot of color variations, and lasts a long time in case of correct installation. Due to the polymer protective coating is not afraid of rust and does not fade. The main disadvantage of the material is that if the polymer layer is damaged, the sheet will quickly rust. Moreover, the coating can be damaged just by walking on it in rough shoes. It costs more than regular slate.
An option that is quite often used for finishing pitched roofs and flat roofs. It is a rolled material consisting of thick cardboard impregnated with bitumen and covered with a protective coating. It is very cheap, durable, well insulates the roof from water, and easy to use. However, the material easily catches fire, breaks, and looks, to put it mildly, ugly. Can be used as a waterproofing layer in roof construction.
Polycarbonate
Yes, you can also use this material to make a garage roof or create a small carport. Polycarbonate can be structured or monolithic. The latter resembles glass and is completely transparent. Suitable for creating a flat roof option.
The first version of polycarbonate is known as cellular or cellular. Very light, quite durable and flexible.
Roofing process
Decorating a garage roof can consist of several stages, depending on what kind of roof is needed. For example, it can be built from scratch and for this you will have to build a rafter system, lay waterproofing, and install a covering. If you don’t need to make an insulating layer, the work will be significantly simplified. Also, the roof may already be ready (for example, concrete), but needs additional finishing.
Important! When choosing a material, it is worth considering the angle of inclination of the roof. For roofing felt, the optimal option is an angle of up to 5 degrees, for slate - no more than 25-35, corrugated sheeting is laid on a roof with a slope of up to 8 degrees, and metal tiles can be used on a slope of up to 30 degrees.
All work must be carried out only under the condition sunny weather. It is best to check the forecast for at least a week and choose warm days.
Concrete roof finishing
Even if the garage already has a concrete roof, it must undergo special preparation before the new roofing material is installed. In general, the process begins from this stage and ends with laying a new coating.
Preparation
Step 1. Old covering with concrete slab, if any, will have to be removed completely. This is done using improvised means - for example, a shovel, chisel, etc.
Step 2. The concrete surface is inspected - its condition must be good before further finishing. It is tapped with a hammer - everything that peels off during the process must be removed.
Step 3. All small cracks are sealed with cement laitance (or liquid glass), which is applied with a regular wide brush. Wide cracks can be sealed with polyurethane foam, the excess of which is then cut off with a sharp knife.
Step 4. Uneven base is leveled cement mortar. It is applied to the surface and leveled using a rule. Next, the cement layer is dried.
Step 5. After drying, the cemented surface is treated with deeply penetrating primer. It is applied with a roller or sprayer in an even layer.
Step 6. When the primer layer dries, the surface is covered with bitumen mastic.
Roofing work on a concrete roof
Step 1. Work on laying roofing felt on the roof begins with lifting rolls of material onto the roof surface. Next, one of the rolls is placed in the corner of the roof and the bitumen mastic applied to the base is heated using a gas burner.
Step 2. A roll of roofing felt without sprinkling is carefully unrolled using a metal hook as the mastic heats up. The burner flame is also directed to the lower part of the rolled material. In this way, the entire roof is covered, individual strips of material are laid overlapping each other.
Step 3. The top layer of material is laid, which already has powder on the surface. To begin with, the required dimensions of the segments are measured. For ease of use, they are rolled into rolls.
Step 4. The top layer of material should be laid on top of the bottom one so that the seams overlap each other, that is, offset. Laying begins from the bottom point of the roof slope.
Step 5. And it's in motion again gas-burner. The previously laid lower layer of material is heated.
Step 6. After the bottom layer is well heated, heating and rolling out of the roll with sprinkles begins. Rolling is also done using a hook.
The same metal hook is used
Step 7 The material laid in this way is sprayed with water to speed up the cooling process. Also, a layer of water will prevent crumbs on the coating surface from sticking to your hands and tools.
Step 8 The material is pressed to the roof surface using patting movements using a wooden board wrapped in fabric.
Step 9 The entire roof is closed in the same way. The individual strips of coating are laid overlapping.
Step 10 The sides of the roof are also covered with roofing felt.
Video - How to cover a roof with material from TechnoNIKOL?
The process of finishing a garage roof with corrugated sheets
Quite often, corrugated sheeting is used as a roofing covering when constructing a garage. This one is durable and durable material will serve faithfully if installed correctly.
Preparation
Step 1. The roof is being prepared - if necessary, a waterproofing layer is laid. Next, the installation of supports for the material begins - 50x50 mm bars are laid on the base, and 40x15 mm boards are placed across them.
Step 2. The bars are leveled strictly, and the crossbar boards are also leveled.
Step 3. The longitudinal bars are attached to the base of the roof using frame bolts.
Step 4. The transverse boards are fixed with self-tapping screws to the bars - two pieces at the edges, and one at a time in the middle of the boards.
Step 5. Planks are nailed along the perimeter of a kind of sheathing. Their upper part should be flush with the crossbar boards. You can start laying corrugated board.
Installation of corrugated sheets
Step 1. Sheets of corrugated sheets are lifted onto the roof, laid on the sheathing and leveled. Separate sheets are laid overlapping in 2 waves. To install the roof, it is better to use sheets of such a size that you can cover the roof slope from edge to edge at once.
Step 2. Where the garage pipe exits, it is necessary to trim the material so that a hole is formed for the chimney. The easiest way is to cut a hole in the whole sheet, and then put the sheet on the pipe.
Step 3. The corrugated sheets will be screwed on with self-tapping screws. For convenience, you can apply markings along a string stretched evenly from one edge of the roof to the other. The markings are applied with a marker. The markings should be located directly along the crossbar boards.
Step 4. Special roofing screws with a rubber washer-gasket are screwed in. Along the perimeter of the sheets, their pitch is 40-50 cm, and along the rest of the sheet, according to the markings, they are screwed through one corrugation.
Step 5. Side part the roof can be finished with roofing felt reinforced on bitumen mastic, or covered with metal shields of the required height.
Step 6. The panels are fixed using roofing screws, and the joints between them and the roof are covered with bitumen mastic.
Step 7 Fabric strips are glued onto the first bitumen layer, which are then coated with bitumen again.
Step 8 The joint between the pipe and the corrugated sheet is sealed with waterproofing material or sealant.
Prices for corrugated sheets
Corrugated sheet
Video - Corrugated roof on a garage
What material should I use for the garage roof? Here the owner himself will have to decide in accordance with his wishes and budget. It is also important to consider the features of each coating. But of the two main materials listed above, it is better to use corrugated sheeting - it will be more reliable and durable for the roof than roofing felt.
For every motorist, the safety of his “iron horse” is very important. Garage storage can provide this. The quality of construction is also of great importance. In particular, a reliably constructed garage roof will provide protection against leakage, accumulation excess moisture indoors, will help keep the car beautiful and in good condition for a long time. You can make a garage roof with your own hands, the main thing is to have step by step instructions how to make a garage roof. Our material today will be such instructions.
- The design must be reliable. The roof is subject to quite large loads, in particular, temperature changes, moisture, and precipitation.
- The roof must be reliably thermally insulated and waterproofed. This will help prevent moisture from getting inside the room and prevent the formation of mold and mildew on the walls of the garage.
- The roof must be made of non-combustible materials. If you decide to make a garage roof yourself, it is important to remember fire safety. Especially considering that there will be a car, gasoline, and other flammable mixtures in the garage.
- The roof should be beautiful.
In addition to how to properly make a garage roof, you should also worry about how to make it beautiful. After all, the issue of aesthetics is not in last place, especially if the garage is located on the site of your private house.
Flat roof
For those who decide to make a garage roof with their own hands, the issue of price is important, which is why many choose a flat roof. This design is quite simple and does not require large financial expenditures. Reinforced concrete slabs can be used to build a flat roof. They are lowered and mounted on the walls of the garage. Also, flat roof has one important advantage - it is impossible to penetrate through it in order to steal property stored inside or steal a car.
In order to build such a roof, it is necessary to make insulation concrete box and lay the roofing material. The construction must be done on a slope. Even at the stage of construction of the walls, one of them is raised to create a slope. A screed or insulation is laid on a concrete base, and a roof is installed on top. The degree of slope should be 2-3 units.
If you want to do wooden roof for a garage, it will take time. So, the boards are laid on the box, but do not forget to make holes for them when laying them. After this, it is necessary to create the flooring by pre-treating the boards with an antiseptic. On last stages To build a roof, it is necessary to lay a waterproofing layer at least 3 centimeters thick, and then the roofing material itself.
Shed roof
To properly make a garage roof, you first need to secure the rafter system. We take the guide beams and treat them with an antiseptic. If the walls of the garage are built of concrete or brick, it is necessary to install waterproofing. Then we lay the beams on the supporting structure and secure them with anchor bolts to the wall. After this, you need to mark the nests for the rafters. After installing the rafters, they need to be secured with wire or anchors.
Be sure to take into account an important point: if your garage is wide enough (its width exceeds 4.5 meters), you need to support the rafter system to prevent deflection. Next, we extend the beams beyond the walls by 30-50 cm in order to create a canopy. And we place the supports at a distance of 60-70 cm.
Gable roof
Some experts believe that it is better to make the roof of the garage gable. In order to build gable roof, first we lay guides around the perimeter, then we fix them with anchors, and then we make nests. Next, we put a lining made of roofing felt.
On next stage work, we create a template measurement. To do this, measure the distance between the sockets. We will need the resulting width readings to cut the beams. Next, we attach the supports, which are placed perpendicularly. We fix the rafters, and below we mark the places necessary for cutting in the guide.
- We stretch the cord along the ridge.
- We install the outer pairs in increments of 60 to 120 cm.
- We fix the connecting strip lower than the ridge.
- We make the sheathing perpendicular to the rafters.
- We are laying the roof.
To build a roof for a garage, today you can use a fairly wide range of roofing materials. However, you should not choose them at random; when choosing, you need to take into account the design features of the garage.
The following materials are suitable for a flat roof:
- roofing felt;
- broken glass;
- bikrost;
- ondulin.
Working with these materials does not require special knowledge, so with their help you can easily make a garage roof yourself.
For pitched roofs the following materials are used:
- corrugated sheeting;
- metal tiles;
- slate;
- smooth galvanized metal sheet, which may have a polymer coating. This will provide the roof with additional protection.
Metal tiles are considered the optimal material, since they have a low price, and you can make a roof out of them without using special tools. Using metal screws, steel sheet attached to wooden sheathing. Metal tiles must be laid from below, overlapping.
In order to understand how to make a garage roof yourself or how to redo a garage roof, it is important to understand what tools you will need during the work process and prepare them in advance.
You will need:
- drill;
- hacksaw;
- saw;
- parquet;
- electric plane;
- axe;
- chisel;
- several hammers;
- building level;
- construction corner;
- drill;
- construction knife;
- construction stapler;
- pencil;
- trowels;
- brushes
Not all novice builders pay much attention to garage insulation; some prefer to save on this point, making a big mistake. The right temperature conditions will help create high-quality garage storage of your car. Therefore, we suggest you understand the points that are important when insulating the roof of a garage.
Insulation of a flat roof is done using sawdust, slag, and expanded clay. More reliable and modern methods are insulation using polystyrene foam or polyurethane; you can also use mineral wool.
When insulating a pitched roof, no bulk materials are used. It is advisable to insulate a pitched roof using polyurethane, mineral wool, or polystyrene foam boards.
Before starting work on roof insulation, it is necessary to make an internal ceiling lining. Next, we lay the insulation and close it with a vapor barrier membrane. On top of it you need to nail the slats of the wooden counter-lattice.
Also, do not forget, if you use roll insulators, they must be laid in overlapping strips. The joints must be glued using construction tape. This provides reliable thermal insulation without the formation of cracks.
When installing a garage roof, some owners also want to create an attic, in which case insulation is of high importance. Since it is thanks to it that it will be warm in the garage and attic, condensation, mold, and mildew will not form on the walls, and the correct microclimate will be created inside the room.
We hope that our material helped you figure out how to make a garage roof with your own hands, as well as how to insulate it. Having carried out all the above work, you can be calm about the safety of your car and the quality of the constructed structure.
How to make a garage roof with your own hands: video
Flat roofs are used not only in residential buildings, but also in buildings for auxiliary and utility purposes. A garage with a flat roof can be not only practical and functional, but also an original structure. A flat roof is ideal for regions with low average monthly rainfall. However, even in areas with a lot of precipitation and snowy winters, the installation of a flat roof is possible, provided that the load-bearing frame of the roof is strengthened and the permissible loads on the floor system are taken into account.
Flat roofing has the following advantages:
- The building with a flat roof looks quite original and modern.
- On such a roof you can arrange a terrace, a recreation area, or use it according to the preferences of the owners.
- Since this design does not require a complex and expensive rafter system, and also due to the small coverage area, garage owners receive significant savings on the construction of this part of the structure.
- If you compare a flat roof with pitched structures, its repair is much simpler and does not require much of your time.
The only drawback of such roofs is the need for careful design and calculations future design taking into account the maximum permissible loads and types of roofing. If mistakes are made at this stage, the roof may not only leak, but will also not be able to withstand the weight of the snow cap and ice.
Attention! When designing flat roofs, a slight slope of the surface is provided for the drainage of melt and rainwater. This slope should be within 4°.
Types of flat roofs
Reinforced concrete floor slabs or metal profile beams can be used as the base of a flat roof. Structure roofing pie and the sequence of its implementation are directly related to the type of base used.
All flat roofs are divided into several subtypes depending on the method of forming the roofing pie:
- monolithic roofs in classic design;
- structures made of corrugated sheets;
- inversion coverings, which can be classified as a special version of traditional roofing.
All of the above structures are divided into non-exploitable and exploitable depending on the strength and bearing capacity grounds.
Monolithic roofs
Monolithic roof structures for garages are considered classics. They belong to the category of soft roofs. The roofing pie of such a roof consists of the following layers, located from bottom to top:
- The base is a reinforced concrete slab for arranging floors.
- A film vapor barrier is laid on top of it.
- Next comes the layer thermal insulation material. Typically, mineral wool is used for these purposes.
- A waterproofing roofing carpet is laid over the insulation. Rolled material containing bitumen is used as waterproofing.
- If the roof will be used, then a concrete one is made reinforced screed. To strengthen it, it is used metal grid. After this, if necessary, an additional layer of waterproofing and a tile covering can be laid.
Sometimes to arrange a flat monolithic roof use metal beams of I-section with a height of 120-150 mm. The design then proceeds as follows:
- Mounted on the lower flanges of these beams continuous lathing from wooden planks 2.5 cm thick, which are covered with roofing felt.
- After this it is laid reinforcement mesh so that it is at a distance of 30-50 mm from the roofing material.
- Then the space between the beams is filled with concrete mixture.
- When the solution has set, a classic soft roll roof is installed.
Quite often, flat garage roofs are made from load-bearing corrugated sheet metal. This is the most economical option for arranging a flat roof structure. But this option is only suitable for unused roofs. The design of the roofing pie in this case is practically no different from that described above, with the only difference being that an additional layer of heat insulation is required.
Classic design
Such a structure in cross-section looks like a multilayer structure, which must contain the following mandatory layers:
- flat base (concrete, metal beams or load-bearing profiled sheet);
- vapor barrier layer;
- layer of thermal insulation material;
- waterproofing carpet.
Typically used as a vapor barrier polyethylene film. It reliably protects the roof structure from warm air vapors rising from the room and causing condensation to form in the thermal insulation layer.
The following materials can be used as insulation:
- expanded clay-gravel mixture;
- mineral wool slabs;
- polystyrene foam board insulation.
The waterproofing carpet is made from rolled materials produced on the basis of bitumen. You can also use sprayed membranes and special mastics for this.
Inversion roofs
The design of an inversion roof is fundamentally different from the options discussed above. In cross-section, such a roofing pie has the following layers:
- The base is a flat concrete slab.
- A waterproofing roofing carpet is attached to it using a bitumen primer.
- Next, a slab of rigid thermal insulation material is laid.
- This is followed by a drainage layer and a reinforced coating.
- After this, geotextiles are laid, which protect the insulation from negative impact external factors.
- The final layer of an inversion roof can be any material suitable for these purposes, for example, paving slabs, fertile layer with grass.
Important! An inversion roof can withstand significant loads, so it can be used as a serviceable roof.
General device rules
According to SNiP requirements, a flat roof must be made with minimum slope in one direction to avoid accumulation of sediment on the coating and leakage. It is worth remembering that even a minimal amount of moisture retained on the coating can lead to rapid deterioration of the roofing pie structures. This happens because due to repeated thawing and freezing of moisture, structures are deformed and destroyed.
To form required angle When tilting, either load-bearing elements (beams or floor slabs) are used, which are mounted in accordance with the required slope, or a special slope is made of expanded clay.
It is also worth remembering that between the insulation and the layer of deflection from bulk material There must be a separating layer. The soft roofing covering is laid in two layers with overlapping strips. In this case, the direction of laying the strips in two layers should be mutually perpendicular.