Will not leave anyone indifferent! She is distinguished by discreet beauty, grace and elegance. Slender stems with small, turban-shaped flowers rise above the flower beds. The graphic nature of the inflorescences is emphasized by dark leaves. In the evenings, your garden is filled with a subtle aroma, spicy, with a cool touch. This is why curly lilies are so popular. The article presents them botanical description, popular types, diseases and their prevention, features of care and reproduction, as well as a beautiful legend associated with these flowers.
Lily curly: description
Lily curly is otherwise called saranka, or martagon. This plant is tall, its height can reach one and a half meters, sometimes two. Its leaves are arranged whorled, they are numerous (there are up to 20 or even more). The flowers for which curly lilies are famous are collected in racemes. Their petals are “curled”; in color they can be either decorated with a border or speckled, or plain. The flowering period of martagons is 3 weeks, starting from the end of June.
As you probably already guessed, the curly lily (genus Lily) received its name for the specific shape of its flowers. They resemble a Turkish turban. Translated from the Turkic language, the word "martagon" means "turban". In our country, the popular name of curly lily (royal curls) is still popular, which rather refers to the impression made by the plant as a whole.
Where is the best place to plant martagon?
Martagons will serve as decoration for shadow compositions. During flowering, curly lilies look very impressive against the background of large perennial species- black cohosh, Rogersia, Volzhanka, aconite. At the end of summer, perennials will take over the decorative baton and cover the stems of lilies, which by this time are already drying up. An elegant and laconic combination is also the combination of ferns and martagons.
Popular varieties
In our gardens, curly lilies are most often grown, the flowers of which are pinkish-lilac in color (they can be speckled or plain). The white variety of martagons (L.martagon var.album) is less common. This curly lily (its photo is presented above) has larger white flowers with a greenish throat. This noble lily is a real masterpiece!
One more variety should be noted - L.martagon var. albiflorum. It is characterized by pink buds, as well as a soft pink blush, which is especially noticeable in a barely bloomed flower. On the petals of this species you will find small dark pink specks. The most striking of the natural forms of curly lily is the Cattani variety (another name is Dalmatian lily). It is tall (up to two meters), and its flowers are dark, wine-red.
History of varieties
Back at the end of the 19th century, breeders were attracted by the variety of variations of martagon and its originality. Different shapes crossed with each other and with related ones. And selection work is currently being carried out. The new items that we managed to obtain significantly enriched the palette of shades that wild curly lilies had.
Let us list the most famous of the old varieties. Mrs R. O. Backhouse is a yellow variety with small crimson specks, Brocade is a pale pink variety. Early Bird is an early flowering, pinkish-yellow, very fragrant curly lily (saranka). All these plants are tall (up to two meters), and their flowers are large.
Modern varieties
Among the martagons, true masterpieces appeared in the mid-20th century. For example, the darkest variety currently existing is Black Prince. It is a low-growing plant with black-purple flowers that are tightly curled and shiny. Also worth noting are two elegant ones that have the shape of a pagoda. The first is Rosalinda, a cool lilac-pink shade. The second is Ivorine, whose flowers are white with pink shades.
Of the modern varieties, especially notable are the tall, multi-flowered varieties such as Terrace City (bright yellow) and Gaybird (with pink, small, tightly curled flowers). Claude Shride is one of the most interesting of the dark-colored martagons. Its flowers are large and wine-red in color. Also of note is Arabian Knight. It has yellow sparks. As for light varieties, you should pay attention to They have flowers of a shade Ivory when it had just blossomed. Gradually they fade, becoming white.
It should be noted that in many varieties of martagons, especially yellow and pink shades, the flowers noticeably fade over time. There are hybrids that this property especially pronounced. These are Chameleon and Attiwaw. On the contrary, in a variety such as Bronze Medallion, the flowers (bright pink with slightly bent petals) hardly change color.
Distribution in nature
In nature, it is now not so common to find martagon. Lily curly from the Red Book is distributed from Europe to Northern Asia. However, its habitat is fragmented. Its sections are found in the Carpathians, in the European part of Russia, in the south of Eastern and Western Siberia, in Transcarpathia. The curly lily lives on the edges, meadows and clearings. It is found sporadically in broad-leaved, mixed and small-leaved forests, as well as in the mountains.
This species requires protection. Measures are currently being taken to protect it. Curly lily is a rare species of flora of the Urals. This plant is listed in the Red Book and is protected in several nature reserves.
Breeding Martagons
These lilies are inhabitants of light forests. This means that in the garden they grow best in partial shade. However, with sufficient moisture, they can easily take root in the sun. It should be noted that the soil for these plants should be quite dense, rich, and moisture-absorbing.
Martagon bulbs are best planted from the second half of August to mid-September. For a large adult bulb, the planting depth is 20-25 centimeters from the bottom. You should be prepared for the fact that you will have to wait 2, and sometimes 3 years for full flowering. It happens that the bulb “falls asleep”, so it germinates only after a year, and not next spring. But this lily will grow for many years in one place and will not need replanting.
Plant nutrition
Martagons are fed in the same way as other bulbous plants. For this purpose, in the spring, a complete mineral fertilizer is used, and after flowering, a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used (preferably, potassium monophosphate). It is very useful for these plants to mulch the soil with compost. Thanks to this, it will not overcool, overheat and dry out. In addition, compost provides additional nutrition.
Diseases, their treatment and prevention
Martagons rarely get sick. As for fungal diseases, botrytis (gray rot) can become a problem. For treatment it is necessary to use systemic fungicides("Skor", "Topaz"). For prevention purposes, phytosporin is suitable. The lily fly is very dangerous pest these plants. The buds affected by it either turn into ugly flowers or even fall off. If you notice these symptoms, know that treatment will not help in this case. It will be necessary to take preventive measures next season. To do this, starting in May, the lily is treated with an insecticide (for example, Aktara). Treatment is carried out two to three times, the interval between which is two weeks.
Reproduction of martagons
Of course, all gardeners dream of their plants blooming in bouquets. However, this is usually observed only if several bulbs are planted nearby. Martagons, unlike other types of lilies, divide extremely slowly. Consequently, you will have to wait for years for a bouquet.
The most effective method of propagation for these flowers is scaling. Several outer scales are separated from the bulb. Then they are slightly dried, disinfected (using Vitaros, Maxim and others) and placed in a slightly moistened substrate (peat, perlite). Containers with scales are stored at room temperature. In addition, they must be maintained at moderate humidity. Small bulbs form at the base of the scales after about 2 months. You can plant them in the ground. In the fourth or fifth year the first flowering occurs.
Emergence of seedlings
Sowing martagons is an activity that also requires a lot of patience. The fact is that seedlings bloom only in the fourth to sixth year, and sometimes even in the seventh. But if you sow seeds that were collected from hybrids, there is a high probability of getting very unexpected and varied offspring. Seeds must be sown between September and October. They are left in containers dug into the ground. Usually seedlings appear only the next year.
Legend associated with martagons
In conclusion, I would like to tell a legend associated with these flowers. After reading it, you will find out how they appeared.
One merchant's wife died. Without thinking twice, he sent matchmakers to his neighbor - a rich and young widow. She laughed at the merchant and rejected his matchmaking, explaining her decision by saying that he was bald and old. Then the groom decided to ask the witch for help. The woman listened to the merchant and said that she could not restore his youth to him, but the curls on his crown would still grow if he did as she ordered.
Then the sorceress presented the merchant with a bottle containing a magic potion. She ordered him to go into the forest at midnight and sprinkle this potion on his head after the bird screamed. The merchant, barely waiting for night, went into the forest. It's very scary in there dark time days, but our hero, hiding behind the treetops, began to wait for the cry of the bird. But, as luck would have it, there was dead silence. Gradually, fear began to overcome him. When the bird finally screamed, the merchant dropped the bottle out of fear and ran away from the forest. After catching his breath at home, he decided to abandon his intention to get married. Since then, flowers with curled petals resembling magic curls have appeared in the forest.
Lilium martagon
Taxon: Liliaceae family ( Liliaceae)
Folk names: forest lily, saranka, badun, royal curls, butterwort, sardana
English: Wild Lily, Turk's Cap Lily, Martagon
Description of lilies
Perennial bulbous plant Lily family up to 100 cm tall. The leaves are oblong-palmated, arranged in a whorl, 5-6 each. Their roots and stems die off every year, but the bulb continues to live. It can be round, ovoid, flattened, with dense, fleshy, easily detachable and non-separable scales, small or large bulbs, weighing up to 1-2 kilograms. In some types of lilies, one bulb is laid, replacing the mother one, in others, two new ones develop every year, in others, a whole nest of bulbs grows in the lower part of the stem, in others, the bulbs ripen in the axils of the leaves, and then fall to the ground and take root. The flowers are collected in a terminal raceme (sometimes solitary), a perianth with free or fused lobes; anthers - usually opening inward. Lily flowers are white, sometimes pink. Blooms in June-July.
Lanceolate lily or tiger lily (Lilium lancifolium) - one of the types of lilies with alternately arranged leaves and orange flowers. Tiger lily - perennial herbaceous plant, reaching 1.5-2 m in height. The stem is hard, tomentose, dark purple. The bulb is large, spherical or ovoid, whitish.
Distribution of lilies
The homeland of lilies is Lebanon. The genus of these plants, originating from Europe, Asia and North America, has more than 100 species.
Widely distributed from Europe to Northern Asia.
It grows on mountain slopes, in mixed and deciduous forests, on forest edges, clearings and meadows. The curly lily is a rare species of the flora of the Urals, listed in the regional report of Siberia (1980), the report of rare plants for Central Siberia (1979) and in the “Red Book of the Republic of Mari El” (1997).
Lily lanceolate in wildlife grows in East Asia - in Japan and China.
Growing lilies
For those who want to plant a lily in their garden summer cottage or on the balcony, it would be useful to know that any permeable soil with a neutral reaction is suitable for lilies (with the exception of the group of Asian and American hybrids that require acidic or slightly acidic soils). The area allocated for planting must have good drainage, be sunny or slightly shaded, and protected from cold winds. The soil should first be dug up to a depth of 30-40 centimeters, humus should be added and mineral fertilizers(lilies do not tolerate fresh manure), peat, and if acidic soils- lime. For the winter, plantings are covered with a 20-centimeter layer of leaves or spruce branches. For better flowering and the development of plants they are given fertilizing. At the beginning of the growing season, fertilizing is preferable, in which nitrogen fertilizers predominate, in the budding phase - potassium and phosphate fertilizers. All fertilizing is carried out after watering. In addition to the main method of propagation - vegetative (by bulbs, bulb scales, baby bulbs, aerial bulbs, dividing bulb nests, etc.), you can sow seeds, but immediately after harvesting, since in most species they quickly lose their germination capacity. Seeds of lilies with an aboveground type of germination are sown in February-March, with an underground type - after collection and in winter they are kept at minus 1-2 ° C, and in the spring along with the seeds spring sowing- at a temperature of plus 18-20 °C. Sow in boxes with sand; in May, plants are planted in beds.
Seedlings bloom after 5-7 years, depending on the species.
Collection and preparation of lilies
Bulbs, stems, leaves and flowers of the plant, and roots are used as medicinal raw materials.
Chemical composition of lily
The chemical composition of curly lily has been little studied. The presence of alkaloids in all parts of the plant, as well as saponins and flavonoids in aboveground parts. Bulbs contain a large amount of protein substances, mucous substances, vitamins, sugars, iron, boron.
Pharmacological properties of lily
Lily preparations have a calming effect and are used as a hemostatic agent for uterine diseases. The juice has a wound-healing effect.
Use of lily in medicine
Lily has long been used as a medicinal plant in traditional medicine of China, Tibet, Mongolia, Buryatia, Yakutia, Siberia and Far East.
Tiger lily bulbs are widely used for uterine prolapse. In these cases, very small doses soothe rectal irritation and Bladder, relieve subsequent blood stagnation in the uterus. An alcohol tincture prepared from the stem, leaves and flowers of a fresh plant, cut during flowering, is used for irritation of the ovaries, sexual arousal with cardiac disorders. Tiger lily is used for functional disorders of the heart, weakened vision and loss of retinal sensitivity due to severe eye fatigue.
An onion, crushed and boiled with bread crumb, promotes rapid ripening and opening of abscesses. White lily juice cleanses stomach ulcers. Flowers cleanse the kidneys and cure their diseases. A decoction of flowers is drunk for diseases of the gallbladder. The tip of lily root, ground with rancid fat, cures leprosy. Lily promotes the digestion of meat if drunk during meals, and is also very useful for scrofula.
Medicinal lilies
Infusion of lily bulbs: Brew a 15-gram onion with 1 cup of boiling water, leave, wrapped warmly, for 15 minutes, strain. Drink 1 tbsp at random. l. 3 times a day 0.5 hours before meals as a uterine and hemostatic agent. The infusion also has the ability to restore vigor to patients, improve their appetite, and tone the body. The infusion is drunk for toothache, nervous shocks, bad mood (“from melancholy”).
Lily bulb decoction: pour 1 glass of boiling milk into a 15-20 gram white lily or saran bulb, keep on low heat for 10 minutes, cool for 5 minutes and make lotions for skin inflammation and boils.
Decoction of lily bulb: pour 1 glass of boiling milk over a 15-20 gram white lily bulb, add 20 g of honey and 15-20 g of mustard flour, keep on low heat for 10 minutes and make compresses-masks, applied for 20-25 minutes against.
Lily petal tincture: Place the petals in a dark glass bowl, pour 75% alcohol (you can use vodka) over them so that it covers them by 2-2.5 cm, leave for 6 weeks in a cool place. Strain the resulting tincture through 2-3 layers of gauze, dilute boiled water in a ratio of 1:3.
An alcohol extract from the petals is used as a lotion, which is used to wipe the face daily at night. It also helps relieve muscle pain if the painful area is rubbed with a tampon soaked in lotion.
Lily leaves applied to burns to reduce inflammation.
Revitalizing face mask: melt, gradually, grinding in a porcelain mortar, 50 g beeswax, add 30 g to it vegetable oil, 70 g of honey and 15 g of white lily bulb juice. A mask from the resulting mixture is applied to the face heated with compresses (while it is warm) for 15-25 minutes.
Oil extract from white lily flowers: the flowers are placed in a dark glass bowl, poured with olive or peach oil and left in the dark for 14 days, then filtered and mixed with lemon juice, egg yolk and honey. A mask from the resulting composition is applied to the face for 15-25 minutes. It nourishes dry and aging skin, gives it firmness and elasticity. Wash off with warm water.
Contraindications
Very fragrant varieties of some types of lilies should not be left in the room. large quantities, because their heavy aroma can lead to poisoning and dizziness.
Using lilies on the farm
The curly lily has long been used in cultivation as an ornamental plant; it is a good honey plant.
Traditionally, the curly lily has nutritional value; it is consumed raw, boiled, fried, dried and as a seasoning. Used as a coffee substitute. The Yakuts dry saran bulbs, turn it into powder and bake bread or cook porridge from the resulting flour.
In veterinary medicine, lily is added to pet food to increase lactation and milk fat content.
A little history
Ancient myths attributed divine origin to the lily. She was considered a symbol of purity, chastity and hope, and her image was minted on coins. Bouquets of lilies were used in wedding ceremonies - the bride’s head was always decorated with a wreath of lilies. The lily enjoyed great respect in Ancient Egypt, as evidenced, for example, by the discovered burial of a young woman with a dried lily on her chest. Drawings of a lily are often found among cuneiform inscriptions.
An image of a lily was found on frescoes created 3,500 years ago on the island of Crete: there it served as an emblem of a local goddess, revered by fishermen, sailors and hunters.
In Persia, during the reign of Cyrus (late 5th century BC), the lily became one of the main elements of lawn design, patios, reservoirs. And the ancient Persians called the capital Susa - “the city of lilies”, which were also included in the coat of arms. In Eastern countries, the lily was a symbol of freedom and hope. Christians also adopted their love for it, making it a symbol of purity and chastity. According to the Bible, the lily was held by the Archangel Gabriel when he notified Mary of the imminent birth of Christ. The white lily is traditionally associated with the history of France: it appeared on the scepter of the first French kings, on the royal seal and on coins; From the reign of Louis VII, the white banner with three lilies became the state banner. The flower even got its European name from the ancient Gallic “li-li”, which means “white-white”.
In Rus', lilies were revered as the embodiment of chastity and purity (a mandatory accessory for the bride on her wedding day), as a symbol of peace. But not only the white lily was recognized by the Russians. In Siberia, the wild Saran lily, or “royal curls,” grows, about which there is even a legend, as if it grew from the heart of a Cossack who died during the conquest of Siberia by Ermak, and since then the flower with intricately curved orange petals has magical properties, given to her by a Cossack, instills courage and perseverance in the soldiers.
Photos and illustrations:
Curly lily is known by its popular names royal curls, sardana, saranka And saran, badun, oiler.
Due to the fact that the species needs protection, protective measures have been taken. The curly lily is a rare species of the flora of the Urals, listed in the regional report of Siberia (1980), the report of rare plants in Central Siberia (1979) and in the Red Book of Transbaikalia ,
The plant is included in the Red Book of Ukraine, recommended for inclusion in Red Book of Kazakhstan . It is protected on the territory of a number of nature reserves.
Lily is a symbol of ecological purity and beauty of nature.
Lily saranka is now rarely found both in nature and in gardens.
The Latin name for saranka is “martagon”, that is, “the lily that gave birth to Marth,” the god of war.
The Russian name "saranka" comes from the Turkic "sary", which means "yellow" - the bulbs of this lily are really yellow.
The Yakuts call the Daurian lily sardaana. Worshiping the surrounding nature, the Yakuts, when choosing children's names, very often turn to the name of this flower - “Sardaana” - lily. One of the most famous television programs in the Sakha Republic bears the same name. A scarlet lily (sardaana) with a gold core on a green stem, thinly bordered with gold, was introduced into the coat of arms of the Amga ulus (Yakutia).
Use of the saranka lily since ancient times
There are many stories, legends associated with lilies, legends
The martagon lily, according to ancient Roman legend, helped warriors become courageous and brave. When going to battle, legionnaires took martagon bulbs with them and ate them before battles, while their fatigue disappeared and confidence in victory appeared.
.jpg)
A very similar legend existed in Siberia. She talked about how the saranka lily was born from the heart of a warrior who bravely defended his land from enemy attacks. And if the bulb of this lily is taken to the battlefield, it will protect against death in battle. And if you also eat it, your heart will be filled with courage, and the warrior will become invincible. The Persians have a similar legend.
Who knows, maybe the sarniki really gave courage to the rebellious archpriest Avvakum, who served exile in Eastern Siberia and accepted a heroic death. Living in Transbaikalia, the exiled archpriest prepared bulbs of this lily for his family.
It is possible that locust bulbs really give confidence to a person, because the alkaloids of this plant are still poorly studied...
According to legend, his widow Hoelun and his son Temujin, who was later proclaimed the Divine Genghis Khan, ate saranka after the death of Yesugei-Bagadur, who were in poverty. But it is unlikely that the memories of a hungry childhood were pleasant for Genghis Khan.
A certain role in the love for this plant was played by the gastronomic preferences of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, for whom sarana was a familiar product, - the same as for us potato . Thus, the Buryats, Tofalars, and Orochs carried out a massive collection of saran bulbs in the fall, which were stored in dried form.
In Rus', saranka was dug on Yegoryev spring day. Sarans were eaten raw (they taste like unroasted chestnuts), but more often they were boiled in milk or baked in ash. Often the sweet and mealy-tasting saran root replaced bread. Five to six lily bulbs are enough to satiate an adult.
According to the medieval Persian historian Rashid ad-din, the poor even paid for the bride price with saran roots.
Sarana was also used during religious ceremonies. Thus, during the Tol-ard holiday, the Nivkhs appeased the spirit of water with dishes made from saranka roots and other forest herbs. At the same time, the Nivkhs put treats on the water and said: “Spirit of water, do not be offended by us, bring us good luck and a lot of fish and sea animals.” This custom has survived to this day.
The use of lilies in medicine and cooking
Why were saran bulbs and rhizomes so attractive to ancient peoples? healing peonies ? The answer to the question becomes obvious if you read medicinal properties these plants.
Sarana was used not only for food, it was especially valued as a healing agent that raised people weakened after illness to their feet. Bulbs, stems, leaves and flowers of lilies were used as medicinal raw materials. Wounds were healed with saran juice. Chopped and boiled onions with flour were used to open abscesses.
.jpg)
Meat seasoned with saran bulbs was easier to digest.
An excellent dietary dish for ulcer sufferers in Buryat cuisine is saran stewed in sube (sube is an oily whitish liquid that remains after rendering butter). The ghee was drained, then the peeled and washed saran tubers were placed in the sube and cooked until a homogeneous thick mass was formed. Then it was cooled, cut into slices and served. This same dish relieved coughs in children.
Dried saranka was used as a healing additive in meat and fish dishes.
In Trans-Baikal cuisine, saranka bulbs were added to cottage cheese with bird cherry flour.
This lily is still popular in Kalmykia and Kyrgyzstan. There, its bulbs serve as a seasoning for sheep's cheese, to which they give not only a subtle aroma, but also an excellent taste.
During the war, saran bulbs were dried, crushed, and the resulting flour was used to bake bread or cook porridge.
Modern medicine confirms that preparations from lily saranka have anti-inflammatory and calming effects. They are used as an analgesic and hemostatic agent for gynecological diseases.
Lily bulbs are widely used for inflammation of the rectum and bladder. Therefore, saranks for horsemen served as an effective anti-hemorrhoidal remedy.
In modern oriental medicine, an alcohol tincture prepared from the stem, leaves and flowers of a fresh plant, cut during flowering, is used for inflammation of the ovaries, sexual arousal with cardiac disorders. Lily bulbs are used for functional disorders of the heart and weakened vision. Lily juice is useful for stomach ulcers. Flowers cleanse the kidneys and cure their diseases. A decoction of flowers is drunk for diseases of the gallbladder.
In modern oriental medicine, an infusion of lily bulbs is used. To do this, brew a 15-gram onion in 1 glass of boiling water; leave, wrapped warmly, for 15 minutes; strain. Drink 1 tablespoon randomly 3 times a day 0.5 hours before meals as an analgesic and hemostatic agent. An infusion of lily bulbs restores vigor to patients and improves appetite. They also drink the infusion for toothache and nervous shock.
A decoction of lily bulbs in boiling milk was used to make lotions for skin inflammation and boils, as well as for cosmetic purposes.
A decoction of lily bulb in milk mixed with honey and mustard flour, used to prepare compresses-masks applied to the skin against freckles. An oil extract from white lily flowers is used to nourish dry and aging skin, giving it firmness and elasticity. An alcoholic extract from lily petals can be used as a lotion, which is used to wipe the face daily at night. It also helps relieve muscle pain if the painful area is rubbed with a tampon soaked in lotion. Lily leaves are applied to burns to reduce inflammation.
The traditions of their ancestors are preserved by the peoples of Eastern Siberia, the Far East and the countries of Southeast Asia, who continue to use saranka bulbs in their diet.
Other lilies are also eaten: Dahurian, oat, and pretty. And Japanese and Maksimovich lilies Japanese islands They are even bred as a vegetable. Boiled Japanese lily bulbs are not only tasty, but also useful for bronchitis. Lily bulbs contain 18% starch.
Beautiful, healing saran!
Unfortunately, there is a danger that this has been introduced for a long timerare plant on the alarm listRed Book.To avoid this, for widespread distribution, Sarana must be mass-reared and grown in gardens.
Slender delicate stem,
Very unusual -
This is a lily flower
Excellent among all.
You will find a lily
On the coats of arms of cities,
If they give a lily -
It's more than words!
Symbol of nobility,
Symbol of beauty,
Respect the lily
Flowers all over the earth!
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CB%E8%EB%E8%FF_%EA%F3%E4%F0%E5%E2%E0%F2%E0%FF
www.gardenia.ru/pages/lilii035.htm
Saranka is a flower that has an external resemblance to a lily. This plant with amazingly beautiful, delicate flowers is medicinal. The place of growth in our country is the European part, the Urals, East and West of Siberia. Saranka - rare plant, so it was listed in the Red Book. Read the article about the description of the flower and its cultivation.
General information
Saranka flowers have a rich history that dates back to the Middle Ages. At that time, lilies were grown as an ornamental plant to decorate gardens. Two centuries ago, Carl Linnaeus first described this flower: its forms, varieties and subspecies, the most decorative of which is Cattani.
This lily-saranka with pubescent buds has a long peduncle reaching 2 meters. Grows in the Balkans in oak forests. The dark red, shiny petals have no spots. Saranka flowers are the founders of the group of garden lilies. They are called Curly hybrids, or Martagon.
Places of growth
Curly lily is found in western Europe from the borders of Portugal, in the east - to the foothills of the Urals. The habitats in our country are mixed forests. Forest grass, for example, prefers shady meadows and edges. Previously, it could be found in forests with coniferous species trees. Currently, the forest locust is a rare guest. This flower is on the verge of extinction in the wild.
Lily is unpretentious in care and tolerates harsh conditions Russian winter. It has pronounced external differences, growing in different places: in the color of the petals, pubescence, and the shape of the scales, which are segmented and solid. Forest locusts are yellow and orange. They grow along roadsides under the shady canopy of tree branches.
Description
popularly called saranka, butterwort, royal curls, forest lily. The flower is perennial plant, the height of which reaches 1.5 meters. The stem has a round shape and has red spots on it. Saranka flowers grow from bulbs formed by fleshy leaves yellow color in the form of scales. Their diameter can reach 8 centimeters.The lower part of the stem is covered with oblong median leaves, collected in whorls of several pieces. Up the stem they have a regular arrangement. The leaves are 15 centimeters long and 5 centimeters wide and have smooth edges. Drooping inflorescences have the shape of a turban. Petals with spots on them are colored in orange, violet, purple shades. They are bent back, starting from the base.
The fruit has the shape of a hexagonal box. Flat seeds with films around the edges are triangular. Their color is brown, with different shades. The flowering period begins at the end of June and lasts several weeks. Growing in a sunny area, the plant produces up to 20 flowers. Lily curly - frost-resistant plant. Successfully cultivated in the harsh climate of Siberia.
Choosing a landing site
Sarankas are flowers that are not difficult to grow, as these plants are unpretentious. It all starts with the right choice landing places. They prefer locust flowers sunny areas With good drainage. The soil is prepared in advance. The best time This is what autumn is for. The area is dug up to a depth equal to two bayonets of a shovel. If the soil is sandy, you need to add loam to it. You can simply lay the flower bed (its bed) with clay. If the soil is heavy, humus, peat or sand is added to it. The use of fresh manure is unacceptable.
Landing
Gardeners prefer to plant locust flowers with bulbs. Although there are other methods of reproduction: scales, leaves, stems, seeds. Planting is carried out in the fall in August-September and in the spring at the beginning of the season. If this procedure is carried out before winter, the soil is mulched with peat to a depth of 15 centimeters. This way the bulbs will be reliably protected from freezing. Planting material must be large and intact.
The bulbs are buried 20-25 centimeters into the soil. If they are small, 10-15 is enough. The roots are well expanded and the soil is moistened. In the first year after planting, the plant has a small height and does not bloom intensively. Bulbs planted in spring may not sprout at all, best case scenario A small stalk will appear, which will already be in the dormant stage in July. Experts recommend planting the flower immediately permanent place growth, so as not to damage the roots during transplantation.
Care
Properly organized agrotechnical measures make it possible to grow sarans without much difficulty. During the growing season, lilies need feeding. The first is produced using nitrogen fertilizers after the snow melts. Ash is considered a good fertilizer; it is applied to the soil several times during the season. With its help, the quality of flowers and their resistance to diseases increases. During the period of bud formation, a second feeding with ammonium nitrate is carried out. Plants are fed with fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus in July.
Use and meaning
Lily has long been considered a medicinal plant, which has found wide use in folk medicine eastern countries. The juice made from the bulbs has a wound-healing effect, and the infusion is used for dental disease. All parts of the plant are rich in content useful substances, especially bulbs. They contain a lot of vitamins, sugar, protein, boron, iron.
Lily (saranka) is traditionally used in cooking. It is boiled, dried, fried. It is used to make seasonings for all dishes. In Siberia, for example, onions are considered edible; they are eaten boiled in milk, baked in ash, or eaten raw. The Yakuts make flour from dried onions, and the Kyrgyz use them to make sheep cheese.
The plant is widely used in veterinary medicine. It is used as an additive to pet food. This increases the fat content of milk, as well as lactation. Lily is high ornamental plant, which is used to decorate flower beds and flower beds.
It is difficult to imagine a classic flower garden without such beautiful flowers as lilies. But among them there are also such little-known specimens as the saranka lily. Saranka flowers (Lílium mártagon) are an unusually delicate and beautiful plant, otherwise called martagon lily, curly lily or royal curls. This plant is quite rare, found mainly in the European part of Russia, in Eastern and Western Siberia, in the Urals and is listed in the Red Book. Saranka flowers grow in mixed forests, on shady edges and clearings. This low perennial is a medicinal plant and honey plant.
These amazing saranka lilies
This is a very harmonious herbaceous plant, the height of which is 70-140 cm. The straight green stem is decorated with dark green, long, bent and slightly curled leaves. This splendor is beautifully crowned when collected in rare clusters or single beautiful flowers, a bit like a turban. Their rather large petals are curved in reverse side. The colors can be very varied, with dark purple spots. Saranka flowers (photo presented in the article) have 6 stamens and 1 style. Pollination occurs by butterflies. The inflorescence includes 2-5 flowers, and in some cases more than 20.
Saranki (flowers): cultivation
Plants prefer partial shade and damp, fertile soils, which is why they are found in birch forests, shady oak forests, mixed forests, spruce forests, etc. However, in forests, locust flowers grow in small quantities. Therefore, in Belarus, Poland, Ukraine and some regions of Russia this type listed in the Red Book. Digging up plants in forests is strictly prohibited.
To replenish your flower garden, you can purchase Dutch varieties that have more spectacular and larger buds with lily lilies.
Grow this in the garden delicate flower It's not difficult at all.
Locust flower: reproduction
It propagates in three ways: by dividing the bulbs, by seeds and by rooting scales.
- Only large adult bulbs from which daughter bulbs have already sprung off are propagated by division. These bulbs have two flowering stems. The division is carried out in August. Large bulbs (up to 7 cm in diameter) consist of yellow scales. Saranka flowers are shade-tolerant, since their natural habitat is associated with the forest. These plants bloom a little longer in the shade, but not as profusely as on the light side. Therefore, it is recommended for them to choose a place that will be illuminated by the sun for part of the day. The most ordinary soil for the plant is suitable. Saranka is not prone to fattening to the detriment of flowering, therefore fertile soil the bush will be more powerful, and the flowering will be more abundant. Water this lily moderately and only until the buds appear. The division of the bulbs occurs slowly - once every 3 or even 4 years.
- Reproduction by rooting of scales is carried out as follows. As soon as the plant blooms, the bulb is immediately dug up and the outer scales are separated. The bulb that remains is planted again in the flower garden. The scales are buried 2/3 of their height in a box with soil. It consists of a mixture of 2 parts turf soil, 1 part sand and 1 part humus. Sprinkle peat on top and cover with film. The boxes are placed in a shaded place. In autumn, 1-2 baby bulbs with roots and leaves should form at the base of the scales. They are separated and transplanted into a flower garden. For the winter, plants are insulated with hay.
- Propagation by seeds is one of the simplest and most effective way, allowing you to get healthy plant, adapted to local conditions. The seeds ripen in early August. They are flat, triangular, light brown in color. They are sown in early spring or before winter to a depth of 2 cm. After sowing, before the sprout appears on the surface, a bulb with roots is formed in the ground, and only then (in mid-summer) one leaf with a pointed tip grows. After a year, the first whorl of leaves forms, and after another year (or even two) flowering begins. Therefore, to see such beauty, you should be patient.
Usage
Saranka flowers (photo above) are often used in folk medicine. An infusion of bulbs is recommended for use against toothache, as well as for depression and nervous shock. The juice and leaves heal wounds well; a decoction of the flowers is taken for gallbladder disease. Locust tubers can be eaten.