On own plot land, first of all you need to take care of providing it with water for irrigation, drinking and other needs. To do this, it is enough that a well is built, and from it it will always be possible to extract the required amount of necessary moisture at any time of the year. But to lift liquid, as you know, you need a pump that runs on electricity. But what if the site is located far from civilization and there is no electricity? In this case, you can do without a pump by using other methods. These methods will now be discussed.
Types of wells
Bore wells can be of two types: sand and artesian. The first type has another name - filter well. It is drilled to the nearest aquifer in sandy soil. The depth can reach 30 meters, and the width casing pipe can be about 13 cm. The peculiarity of the structure of such a source is that it is made on the walls of the pipe strainer. To extract water from it, a deep or surface unit is required. It can last about 15 years. But the service life primarily depends on the depth of the aquifer and how intensively it is used.
The second type is an artesian well. The water in it is extracted from great depth, it can reach the 200 meter mark. It has increased productivity and high-quality water. It lasts much longer than the first type - more than 50 years. Accordingly, more should be used powerful device to lift moisture to the surface. To drill such a hole, permission is required from local government authorities.
Is it possible to get water from these wells without using an electric pump? Yes, it is quite possible, and from both types of mines. But it is important to take into account several nuances. Much depends on hand-held devices, which will be applied in this case. They usually do not provide sufficient pressure at depths greater than 30 meters. Therefore, such a system is relevant mainly for a sand well. But first, let's figure out how it is possible to lift liquid from such a structure without a pump, and what is needed for this.
Extraction of water by air pressure
This unusual way Perfect for extracting water from a mine without a pump. That is, you can use any manual hose pump that operates without electricity. Making such a system is quite simple. First you need to completely seal the top of the well. Two holes are made in it: the hose from the pump is inserted into one, and the water supply pipe is inserted into the second. When working with such a device, pressure is created in the shaft, which pushes the liquid out.
If the air pressure entering the shaft is powerful, then it is quite possible to do without an electric pump. But it must be taken into account that such pressure will push water not only up, but also down into the aquifer. The consequences of this will be described below. This method can be used in conjunction with standard approaches. It is especially relevant if the pressure in the pit is not strong enough, even for an electric pump.
Water extraction by hydraulic ram method
This is another one non-standard way water production without a pump: in in this case a hydraulic ram is used - a device designed to mechanically lift liquid from any well, even an artesian one.
This device operates on energy obtained from the flow of water. By raising water to a greater height and lowering it down, the liquid is pushed upward. This design consists of the following components:
baffle valve;
return valve;
supply pipe;
outlet pipe;
air cap.
Due to the opening and closing of valves in a certain sequence, liquid circulation occurs. It accelerates through the supply pipe and a hydraulic shock is created, displacing the liquid out into the outlet pipe. Such a device is difficult to make on your own, but it is easy to purchase. And this will be the best solution for areas where there is no electricity.
Important points
When extracting water by increasing the pressure inside the mine, it is necessary to take into account several important factors. Firstly, it takes into account geological structure the area where the well is located.
Also important is the flow rate of the mine for extracting liquid from the ground and the productivity of the aquifer.
And, of course, the depth of the aquifer is taken into account.
If all this is not taken into account, then because overpressure the well may fail. Simply put, liquid from the aquifer will stop flowing into the mine. This is due to the fact that the air formed inside will push almost all the water down, pressing it into the ground. Therefore, the air supply must be optimal. It should only be enough to push the water out and not create excess pressure.
In ancient times and the Middle Ages, people often faced the task of raising water to a height. It was implemented different ways, which any homeowner can remember, left on plot of land on for a long time without electricity. In the case of a large depth of the source of water intake and an urgent need for water, the use of ancient methods will bring certain benefits in broadening one’s horizons, improving health and acquiring additional engineering and construction skills.
If you are deciding how to raise water to a height, you cannot do without a pump. Only for lifting you will have to use manual rather than electric ones. homemade devices, the operation of which will require the application of muscular force or the energy of a flowing water flow.
Archimedes screw
The invention of a screw device for supplying water to heights to fill irrigation canals was made by Archimedes around 250 BC.
Fig.1 Operating principle screw pump ArchimedesThe device consists of a hollow cylinder, inside of which a screw rotates; during operation, it is lowered into the water intake source at an angle. As the propeller blades rotate, they capture water and the propeller lifts it up the pipe; at the top point, the pipe ends and the water is poured into a container or irrigation channel.
Ancient times Working wheel were rotated by slaves or animals, in our time there may be problems with this and you will have to additionally build a wind wheel to drive the propeller into rotation or strengthen the muscles yourself.
Fig. 2 A variation of the Archimedes wheel - a tube pump The device is an analogue of modern screw pumps, can have various modifications: the screw rotates with the cylinder or has the shape of a hollow tube wound around a rod.
Montgolfier hydroram method
Mechanic Montgolfier in 1797 invented a device called a hydraulic ram. It uses kinetic energy water flowing from top to bottom.
Rice. 3 Operating principle of a hydraulic impact water pump The principle of operation of the device is based on the fact that when the water flow in a rigid pipe is suddenly blocked, water is forced through a check valve under pressure into the hydraulic tank located at the top. In its lower part there is a fitting on which the outlet water hose is attached, going to the consumer. The non-return valve prevents water from flowing back out - thus, there is a constant cyclic filling of the tank and a continuous rise and supply of water.
The shut-off valve of the device operates automatically, so the presence of a person and the organization of his work other than installing the equipment is not required.
Rice. 4 Appearance industrial hydraulic impact pump It should be noted that similar devices no need to do it yourself, they are produced industrially in small quantities.
Airlift
The founder of the method is the German mining engineer Karl Loscher, who invented the method in 1797.
Rice. 5 The principle of operation of an airlift pump and its varieties Aerolift (airlift) is a type of jet pump that uses air to lift water. The device is a hollow vertical pipe lowered into water, to the bottom of which a hose is connected. When air under pressure is supplied through a hose into the pipe, its bubbles mix with water, and the resulting foam rises upward due to its light specific gravity.
Air can be supplied using a regular one through a nipple that prevents it from escaping back.
Rice. 6 Automatic feeding water by airlift using a compressor It is quite easy to make such a device for supplying water in the absence of a pump with your own hands and automate the process if there is a compressor supplying air.
Lifting water with a piston pump
Rice. 7 Operating principle of a homemade piston pump You can make a device for supplying water to a height using the suction method using a piston. The device is a pipe with a system of check valves, inside the cylindrical surface of which a piston moves. During the return movement, water is sucked into the cylinder body, while the piston moves forward check valves close and the water is pushed out.
Rice. 8 Piston pump in the organization of manual water supply. Holding a piston pump with a long pipe for lifting water from great depths in your hands and pumping water is an activity for trained bodybuilders; it is more convenient to adapt it to lifting water from a narrow well, attaching it to an external column with a handle.
To quickly lift water from shallow depths from narrow crevices, you can use a simple industrial device. To do this, take a manual water pump and put a long plastic tube on its inlet valve. A homemade pump is lowered into the water with the long end of the tube and it pumps by repeatedly pressing the pump button.
Rice. 9 Hand pump for raising waterMethods for lifting water without an electric pump are ineffective and require serious costs and effort to produce an efficient and convenient device, incomparable not only with the cost of the cheapest electric pump, but also with expensive models. Their use is justified when living in areas with a complete lack of electricity, which can be classified as extreme methods of survival.
If country estates have a garden plot, then most likely it is used either for agricultural or for decorative and floricultural purposes. In both cases, it is impossible to do without regularly carrying out certain agricultural work. And irrigation will always be in the foreground - without efficient watering, especially in dry summers, it is hardly possible to achieve a high harvest, beautiful flowering flower beds, or even just a lush green lawn.
Even if a water main is connected to the site, it is by no means a good idea to use water from it for irrigation. The best decision. Firstly, it is very wasteful, and secondly, such water undergoes certain processing, including chlorination, and is not very useful for plants. For watering, it is better to use some natural source, but to use it you will need special equipment - a pump.
However, if a buyer goes to a store or accesses an online catalog unprepared, he may encounter a lot of questions that will make optimal choice extremely difficult. Pumping equipment has many faces and differs not only in technical specifications, but also by operational capabilities. It is necessary to take into account many criteria in advance in order to choose the model that is most suitable for the existing conditions. This is what this publication is devoted to - buying a pump for watering a garden: varieties, selection, installation, basic operating rules.
Where will the water be taken from?
It is impossible to choose the right pump if you do not decide in advance where the water for irrigation will be taken from. There can be many options here.
- The most successful “situation” is when the site has its own or a body of natural origin located in close proximity - a pond or lake, fed from underground sources or a stream and with sufficient water flow. You can irrigate from a nearby river. In any of these cases, a surface pump or a submersible (semi-submersible) drainage type may be required.
If there is an artificial reservoir on the site - a pond or swimming pool, then it can also become a source of water for irrigation. All the same, the water in it must be changed regularly, and you can combine these two operations - supply fresh water to the pool, pumping out the water that already requires replacement to the garden. True, under one condition - that no chemical reagents were used.
- Even a somewhat swampy body of water can serve as a source of water for irrigating the site, but in this case you will have to purchase a special variety drain pump, which is designed for pumping dirty water.
However, such ideal conditions are quite rare. Most often you have to resort to artificially created water sources.
- For irrigation, you can use water from a well or well. For wells they can be used as surface pumps(if the aquifer is shallow), and submersible. For wells where the water is usually at great depth, only submersible pumps special type.
Collecting water from wells requires special pumping equipment
Raise water from great depths and at the same time ensure its sufficient pressure and required flow rate for further use– not just any equipment can handle this. Read how to approach it in a separate publication on our portal.
However, an important note should be made immediately. Any experienced gardener or the gardener will say that using water directly from their well or borehole for irrigation is extremely undesirable, since such irrigation of plants can do them more harm than good. The best option– the required volume for regular watering is pumped in advance into containers installed on personal plot. The water will warm up during the day and get rid of dissolved in it chemical compounds, and will become quite suitable for watering. By the way, this approach opens up wide possibilities for the competent use of fertilizers and fertilizers with strict adherence to the recommended proportions for diluting the compositions.
For a set of containers, the already mentioned well or borehole pumps. But directly for watering, you will need to acquire a compact surface-type garden pump or special submersible models designed specifically for collecting water from containers (barrels, Eurocubes, homemade tanks, etc.).
- A good owner should never lose anything, including rainwater, which is often collected into garden containers from drainage systems. And besides, if a competent storm drain, then a storage storm sewer can also become a source of water for irrigation. In this case, a submersible drainage pump will again become an assistant.
How are storm drains arranged?
Unfortunately, this system drains water from local area Not everyone remembers, or they ignore its creation in the hope that everything will somehow “resolve” by itself. Why this approach is wrong, and how to create it correctly, read in a separate article on our portal.
So, the choice of irrigation pump will primarily depend on the type of water source used.
What performance indicators and generated pressure are required?
Whatever type of pump is chosen, this unit must fully cope with the functions assigned to it.
- Firstly, it must ensure that the required volume of water is pumped into certain time is a performance indicator.
Calculating this parameter is not difficult at all. Based on the fact that existing rules for high-quality irrigation of one square meter plot requires from 3 to 6 liters of water (depending on local climate conditions, characteristics of the crops grown, and prevailing weather). It is best to calculate to the maximum - this will create a certain productivity reserve, but everyone is free to decide this issue on their own.
Of course, only the area of the plot that is allocated for crops that require regular watering is taken into account. If lawn or flower beds are cultivated, their area is also taken into account.
The next value required for calculation is the time that is planned to be spent on watering the entire area. Usually this event is held in the evening, after the heat of the day and the aggressiveness of the straight lines have subsided. sun rays, so an hour or two will probably be enough.
To find the required productivity (usually denoted in technical documentation by the symbol Q), all that remains is to multiply the area of the irrigated area and the rate of its irrigation, and divide the resulting value by the time allocated for irrigation.
Q = S uch × N/t
S uch – area of irrigated area (m²).
N – The accepted irrigation rate is from 3 to 6 l/m² (for individual crops it may be more).
t – time allotted for watering the site.
For ease of calculation, you can use the proposed calculator. The area in it is indicated in acres - this is what many gardeners are used to.