See what “lstk” is in other dictionaries. LSTK technology - construction of buildings from light steel structures What is LSTK in construction

LSTK technology- method of construction from LSTK profiles (abbreviation: light steel thin-walled structures)

What do you want to know about LSTK technology?

Frame technologies have been used in building construction for quite a long time. However, earlier as frame material no steel structures were used. Steel has high thermal conductivity, so its use in load-bearing wall structures leads to the formation of cold bridges. Such bridges are typical for structures with high thermal conductivity and lead to loss of large quantity heat, the formation of condensation, which has a very negative effect on both the structure itself and the facing materials and microclimate in the room.

General characteristics of LSTC technology

When using the construction technology of lightweight steel frames, thin-walled profiles with through slots made in a checkerboard pattern are used in load-bearing structures. Thus, the design significantly increases the path of heat flow, which more than triples the thermal properties wall panel, as well as her sound-absorbing properties. Construction using LSTK technology reduces material and cost indicators and significantly increases the speed of work.

Thin-walled steel profiles with perforations are used as the frame.

The profiles are connected using bolts or self-tapping screws. Welding is not used during installation work with LSTK.

Profiles made exactly to size are easily installed in wall systems, roofing, frames and ceilings.

1 sq. m of frame made of profiles is 20-26 kg, while the weight is 1 sq. m of the building itself averages 150 kg

Walls

Wall panels are thermal panels with a standard width of 150 mm. The panels contain thin-walled profiles with a cross-section from 0.7 to 1.6 mm. In addition, the panel includes sheets mineral wool or other thermal insulation material in order to protect the insulation from condensation, it is additionally protected vapor barrier film. Exterior finishing materials most often include facing bricks or siding, as well as stone materials.

Roof and ceiling

The roof and ceiling of the LSTK house are also assembled from LSTK profiles. You can see what is needed for this from the following two diagrams.

I will not dwell on the types of profiles, since this is more of a review article. It would be more logical for you to look at the range of profiles from Astekhome LLC http://astekhome.ru/lstk. By the way, if you order the construction of a house from them, they will give you finished project Houses!

Types of LSTC technologies

Today there are three different LSTK construction technologies.

First: element-by-element installation. Profiles cut to size are brought to the construction site the right sizes and marked. The frame is assembled on site “from scratch” - panels are assembled, floor elements are connected. Since the mass of any element is no more than 80-100 kg, such installation does not require complex lifting equipment.
Using the second technology, the entire panel is produced at the plant. Windows are inserted into it, engineering Communication, internal and external cladding is carried out, after which the finished panels are brought to the construction site. This method allows the use of industrial technologies for fastening elements, for example, composite rivets. Weight 1 sq. m of wall panel is 40-50 kg, with a given thickness from 154 to 204 mm.
The third type of technology is volumetric block technology. The two halves of the building are completely assembled into production workshops, they are brought to the construction site, connected together, communications are carried out and within a day the house is ready for occupancy.

Advantages of LSTK

The LSTK system is modern and popular in many countries as a convenient technological and fast way construction of buildings.

Like any construction technology, has both advantages and disadvantages. .

The main advantage of the technology is the speed of construction. Lightweight structures made of durable steel allow you to build a house of 100 square meters. m in two to three weeks, and with the efforts of one work team of 4 people.
Such rapid erection of the structure does not prevent it from being durable and resistant to negative impacts external environment, such as seismic activity, moisture, wind.
The technology is quite economical. Its use implies a significant reduction in material costs. In addition, LSTC technology requires little steel consumption, which also reduces the overall cost of construction. Steel consumption during the construction of a one-story residential building using LSTK technology does not exceed 30 kg.
Since thin-walled steel profiles have high strength characteristics, the building structure is also very reliable and durable.
“Dry construction” can be used to describe the entire cycle of construction and installation work performed using this technology. The absence of liquid and flowing components and materials eliminates problems with humidity and, therefore, problems with dampness, fungi and mold.
The structures are lightweight. This, first of all, makes it possible to reduce the cost of constructing powerful foundations, which significantly reduces the cost of construction. For low-rise buildings erected using this technology, a light, shallow foundation is sufficient.
LSTK technology is resource-saving, since steel is consumed very economically.
Fire resistance and environmental friendliness
A significant difference between LSTC technology and others, even modern ones, is that such structures have high fire resistance. Fire resistance is achieved by having a frame made of metal profiles. There are no flammable materials in the frame. In addition, the frame made of LSTC prevents the spread of fire. The fire protection time for rooms adjacent to the fire source is about two hours. Exact time protection will depend on the materials of the wall panels and the frequency of the profiles in the frame.
The structures are made using high-precision factory equipment, therefore they have precise dimensions and are very stable, being preserved for almost the entire service life of the building.
The construction itself is very environmentally friendly. There is no garbage at the construction site, no technological waste is generated.

Today we need not only new technologies, but also new economic approaches to construction. Must be used simultaneously quality materials, and economical technologies, and precise engineering solutions. Construction using LSTK technology has all these requirements.

Myths about LSTK

Heat capacity and strength

It is believed that metal profiles create cold bridges in the panels, which significantly reduce the thermal insulation properties of wall panels. Solving this problem is very simple; you need to use a thermal profile with longitudinal slots. Their presence significantly lengthens the heat flow, thereby reducing heat loss through the walls.
The second common myth concerns design. There is a common opinion that designing such structures is a very labor-intensive and lengthy process. In fact, the process takes no more than a week.
The myth is perhaps the most common: if the wall is so thin, it means it is very weak. It is impossible to break through walls that contain steel just like that. The material is not only highly durable, but also flexible and ductile, and can withstand significant shock load. If there is a fear that they will shoot at the house, it is enough to simply line the outside of the house with bricks. And close the windows with shutters.
The cost is too high. Bent profiles are much more expensive than rolled profiles. This is actually true; the cost of a bent profile exceeds the cost of a regular profile. However, it must be remembered that the amount of metal used in the construction of LSTK houses is much less than when using rolled profiles in construction. Thus, LSTK designs turn out to be more profitable in this regard as well.
Insufficient service life. Houses assembled using LSTC technology have a design service life of more than 50 years when using profiles made of high-quality cold-rolled steel C350 with high-quality galvanizing 25 microns thick (Zn > 350 g/sq.m.)
The structures require anti-corrosion treatment, which as a result is too expensive. Wooden structures also need treatment, and the costs for both types of treatment are quite comparable.
Transportation of such profiles is difficult, they are often damaged during transportation. To transport profiles, it is necessary to use special simple devices. Knowledgeable, skilled workers and foremen are undoubtedly aware of their availability and rules of use.
Living in a house with metal structures is unpleasant. Unmodern, out-of-touch views on what it should be like " the right house" - one of the main limiting factors for the wider spread of buildings built using LGST technology

About the real shortcomings of LSTK

Construction technology using light steel frames is very promising, but it has not only advantages, but also very real disadvantages, which must be studied in advance and ways to eliminate them must be found.

Behavior on heaving soils

On the one hand, the light weight of the frame is a big advantage, but on the other hand, this can also be a negative factor.

In case of heaving soils, the building of the LSTC in winter during prolonged frosts can be deformed and warped due to being pushed out by the soil lightweight design. To minimize this problem you need to:

before starting construction and selecting a project, conduct geological tests on the ground;

accurately calculate the depth of the foundation and its required thickness;

spend everything necessary measures to reduce swelling during prolonged frosts.

The lightness of LSTK buildings is a possible disadvantage

The lightness of the structure means that any violation of the technology can become a problem during the operation of the building. For this technology, compliance technological rules more necessary than for any other

When designing, it is necessary to take into account such nuances as snow and wind loads, climatic conditions in the construction region.

Qualification of workers building a LSTC house

Since the building is high-tech, construction- installation work should only be carried out by specialists highly qualified, self-construction buildings using LSTK technology are excluded.

Dubious manufacturers of LSTK products

Quite often, manufacturers of metal profiles underestimate the characteristics of their products, for example, by producing a thinner profile than required building codes, or applying an insufficient layer of zinc. The grade of steel that is often used is of insufficient quality.

Novelty of LSTK technology

LSTK technology is quite new for residential buildings. There is no clear data on the electromagnetic safety of a residential building using such a number of metal profiles complex shapes. It is likely that tension electromagnetic field in such a building will be significantly higher than normal, which can negatively affect the residents of the house.

LSTK profiles can spring

With sufficient loads, floor profiles can spring underfoot, which, firstly, causes negative emotions, and secondly, it leads to peeling of interior finishing elements. Not everything is simple with fire safety. Metal profiles do not burn, but unfortunately, when exposed to a fairly low temperature (about 180 degrees), after 10 minutes they significantly lose their strength.

profiles from Astekhome LLC

The cost of building a turnkey house from light steel thin-walled structures includes a budget for the frame, a set of finishing and other materials, as well as a fee for installation work. This technology is characterized by short implementation times, as well as a favorable price for finished projects.

A residential building using LSTK technology is built according to the following principle:

Design.
Laying the foundation.
Assembly and installation of wall panels.
Assembly and installation of roof trusses.
Roofing.
Arrangement of communications.
Interior and exterior finishing works.

At the design stage, the main attention is paid to calculating the rigidity and strength of the supporting frame. The foundation for a lightweight LSTC building can be absolutely anything. Wall panels and roof trusses are assembled from ready-made perforated profiles manufactured in production from galvanized steel. To cover the roof, traditional materials are used - corrugated sheets, metal tiles, etc.

The basis of the wall pie is insulation. From the outside it is covered with wind protection and facade cladding, from the inside - with a vapor barrier, plasterboard and finishing.

Benefits of LSTK technology

By giving preference to LSTK technology in housing construction, the user receives the following benefits:

low cost of materials;
compressed construction lines;
maximum profitable price when ordering turnkey construction;
flexibility in choosing and individually finalizing projects;
can be built in any season;
The house has been in service for more than 70 years without renovation.

In addition, it is also worth noting the resistance of the galvanized metal frame to corrosion, fire, gusts of wind and seismic loads.

Housing made of LSTK: cost of standard projects

Below is a table with approximate prices for housing construction using LSTK technology. In particular, it provides an opportunity to clearly understand what the main components make up the budget for implementation standard projects Full construction.

You can learn more about the construction of housing from light steel thin-walled structures from the specialists of our company by contacting them at the specified phone number or using the feedback form on the website.

Estimated prices for the construction of standard housing from LSTK
total area finished house	Housing Features	Cost of metal frame	Cost of the entire set of materials	Turnkey construction cost
90 m2	Single storey Vacation home with four living rooms, a bathroom and a boiler room.	250 thousand rubles.	1000 thousand rubles.	1500 thousand rubles.
120 m2	A two-story cottage with a terrace, two living rooms and a bathroom on the first floor, three rooms and a bathroom on the second.	500 thousand rubles.	1300 thousand rubles.	2000 thousand rubles.
130 m2	Compact two-storey house, on the first level there are two full rooms, a bathroom and a toilet, on the second level there is a living room, a bedroom and a children's room, as well as an additional bathroom.	460 thousand rubles.	1400 thousand rubles.	2200 thousand rubles.
140 m2	A two-story country house, on the first floor there are three rooms plus a bathroom, on the second there are the same number of rooms plus a balcony.	450 thousand rubles.	1600 thousand rubles.	2500 thousand rubles.
160 m2	A one-story residential building with an attic, the first floor is divided into four full rooms plus a bathroom, attic floor divided into two rooms.	600 thousand rubles.	1800 thousand rubles.	2800 thousand rubles.
The prices provided in the table are purely indicative; please ask our managers for more specific information.

History of technology

This technology was developed in the 50s of the 20th century in Canada. The main reason for the emergence of this technology was the need to build a large number of low-rise buildings for the middle class corresponding to the climatic conditions of the country. LSTK technology quite quickly became widely used, reducing (and completely eliminating in the suburbs and cities) the use of wooden frames, due to their high cost, susceptibility to rotting and exposure to insect pests. But the main factor for the development of LSTK was still the possibility of industrial, mass production steel profiles and availability of material. At the present stage of development

It is worth noting that at the current moment, the technology has not taken a leading position in the markets of low-rise private construction in countries where the construction of houses by frame technologies (North America, Scandinavia). In these countries, timber frame houses still account for the majority of the market.

Composition of LSTK

Lightweight steel thin-walled structures consist of galvanized profiles and thermal profiles: guides, racks and lintels. Fastening of light steel thin-walled structures can be carried out using threaded connections(screws, self-drilling or tapping screws), embedded or stamped rivets and bolts.

Use of LSTK

Enclosing structures in multi-storey construction;
Interfloor and attic floors;
During the construction and reconstruction of attics;
In the economical construction of cottages, townhouses, low-rise buildings (up to 3 floors);
In the construction of hangars for industrial needs (production bases, garages, warehouses), Agriculture(pig farms, cowsheds, poultry farms, vegetable stores) and trade (car parks, car parks, shops, shopping centers and rows);
In the construction of civil structures (hospitals, churches, schools, etc.)

Advantages of lightweight steel thin-walled structures

Environmental friendliness. When constructing a building from LSTK, there is minimal impact on the surrounding landscape (trees, shrubs, other buildings). Possibility of complete recycling at home.
Speed of construction. The construction period for a building made from light steel frames is 4-5 months.
Ease and simplicity of installation. During construction, 3-4 workers are required.
No shrinkage of the foundation during construction and operation.
All-season installation.
Lack of heavy equipment during construction.
Seismic resistance. The construction of houses using LSTK technology has gained wide popularity in Japan and other countries with high seismic activity.
Low cost 1 square meter. The market value of 1 square meter of a finished house made of LSTK in Russia is from 19 thousand rubles.
Very high heat saving characteristics.
Long service life. The lifespan of a house made from light steel frames ranges from 70 to 100 years or more (according to estimates from reputable Western credit institutions).

It should be noted that most of the listed advantages apply not so much to light steel frames, but to frame structures in general.

Directly the advantages of LSTC include

Stability and accuracy of geometric dimensions of profiles
Compact for transportation
Factory quality. The kit for the construction of a building from LSTK is produced in a factory and delivered to the site in the form of a ready-made “house kit” with project documentation on assembly.

Disadvantages of technology

There is a controversial opinion that the main disadvantage of this technology is “ thin wall" Most consumers have the opinion that it can be easily pierced with a fist or shot with a firearm. These shortcomings are without any justification, since the materials used in the installation of floors and cladding are sufficiently plastic to withstand impacts. And at the same time, to prevent bullets from entering the building, it is enough to line the outside of the building with brick. However, do not forget that a building built using any technology has windows.
There is a controversial opinion that a low service life compared to buildings made of stone and brick is ensured if a thermal profile is used for the production of galvanized steel general purpose (Zn< 120 г/кв.м.), this disadvantage is minimized if grade 350 steel and a zinc coating of 25 microns (Zn > 350 g/sq.m.) are used as raw materials.
in Russia there is a high chance of getting caught by a manufacturer of light steel materials that deliberately underestimates the actual characteristics of the product in pursuit of a lower cost. Typical situations - reducing the thickness of the profile, thin layer zinc (Zn< 120 г/кв.м.), использование низкокачественной стали.

Links

Thermal and Humidity Tests of Light Steel Structures

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The technology of constructing prefabricated buildings based on light steel thin-walled structures (LSTC) is becoming increasingly popular in the domestic market. The essence of this technology is the use of panels made of light galvanized steel profiles and thermal profiles.

At the heart of the house is a frame made of load-bearing profiles, partitions, interfloor ceilings, rafter systems.

The wall system includes, firstly, external load-bearing wall panels. The wall panel consists of steel thermal profiles with a thickness of 0.8-2.0 mm and effective thermal insulation. As an internal outer skin and insulation can be used various materials: ecowool, mineral wool, foam concrete. As facade finishing any currently existing materials are used: brick, facade slabs, plaster, siding, etc. Secondly, the wall system includes internal load-bearing walls and partitions. The height of the walls reaches 8 meters, the thickness varies from 100 to 250 mm, the reduced heat transfer resistance is up to 6.04 m²C/W (depending on the thickness of the insulation), the technically achievable fire resistance limit of the structure is REI 60.

The floor system also consists of load-bearing interfloor structures made of steel C- or U-shaped profiles 0.8-2 mm thick, which are installed in increments of 600 mm. C-beam slabs span spans of up to 8 metres. A profiled steel deck is laid on top of the beams, serving as a base for the floors made of gypsum fiber sheets. The ceiling is made of plasterboard sheets, attached to the lower chord of the beams through the sheathing.

The roofing system consists of load-bearing rafter and truss structures made of galvanized steel profiles, free spans up to 20 meters.

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In a publication devoted to technologies for the construction of low-rise residential buildings, specialists from the Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering - A. Prokopyeva and G. Ryazanova noted that the houses built and continue to be built in our country according to traditional technologies twice as heavy as foreign analogues. The significant weight and, accordingly, high cost of such buildings is explained by the fact that their vertical load-bearing and enclosing structures are built from heavy materials - brick or reinforced concrete. This increases capital investment in construction by up to 60% due to the need to build strong foundations *.

We must also understand that in addition to reliability, such capital buildings must have good energy efficiency, and this is a whole complex of significant investments that will pay off only during the operation phase.

It is possible to achieve the desired result - reliability, energy efficiency with economic feasibility - using other methods, one of which is construction using LSTK technology (light steel thin-walled structures). The technology was created in 1950 in Canada to quickly and inexpensively solve the housing problem in a country close to Russia in terms of climatic conditions.

The main reason for the emergence of this technology was the need to build a large number of low-rise buildings for the middle class, appropriate to the country's climate. LSTK technology quite quickly became widely used, reducing (and completely eliminating in suburbs and cities) the use of wood frames due to their high cost, susceptibility to rot and the effects of insect pests.

Today, for example, in Sweden and Japan the share of individual residential buildings built from lightweight steel frames is 15%, in the USA - 6%, in the UK - 3%. In Russia, construction from LSTK accounts for only 0.5%. In our country, construction from LSTK began in 1990, but this technology began to be actively used only in the 2000s, when the Central Research and Design Institute of Building Metal Structures Recommendations for the design of such buildings and structures have been issued.

LSTK technology involves the design and construction of buildings and structures from light steel thin-walled structures based on a frame using thermal profiles and profiles with a wall thickness of up to 4 mm: racks, guides and lintels made of galvanized sheet steel. LSTK is used both in the construction of load-bearing and self-supporting wall structures, and in the construction of interior and interfloor ceilings, rafter systems, etc.

Today there are three various technologies construction from LSTK.

The first and most common technology – element-by-element installation. Marked profiles, cut to the required sizes, are brought to the construction site. The frame is assembled on site “from scratch” like a construction kit.

According to the second technology The entire panel is produced at the factory. Windows are inserted into it, utilities are installed, internal and external cladding is performed, after which the finished panels are brought to the construction site. The weight of 1 m2 of wall panel can be 40–50 kg, with a given thickness from 154 mm to 204 mm.

Third type of technology - volumetric block. Ready modules with finishing and separated communications are completely assembled in production shops. Then they are brought to the construction site and connected together.

LSTK technology has a lot of advantages in low-rise construction, with conditional deficiencies. Moreover, many of the advantages can significantly reduce the construction period of a building, and, therefore, affect the cost of the building.

Savings on foundation structures. Steel consumption during the construction of a one-story residential building using LSTK technology does not exceed 30–40 kg/m2, while the weight of 1 m2 of the building itself is on average 150 kg. This allows the use of shallow foundations, which can be constructed in the shortest possible time - in 1-2 days.

Saving on heavy equipment. Since the mass of the elements is no more than 80–100 kg, such installation does not require heavy lifting equipment.

All-season construction. The profiles are assembled using the “dry” method - using bolts of various diameters (5–16 mm), self-tapping regular and self-drilling screws, blind rivets, mounting dowels, which are inserted into the studs. The absence of “wet” processes allows construction to be carried out year-round, which is of significant importance in Russian climatic conditions.

Ideal building geometry. This is one of the most important advantages of LSTC technology. All elements of light steel thin-walled structures are produced by specialized factories that guarantee the quality and dimensional and geometric accuracy of each part.
All profiles are cut and packaged at the production stage. That is, builders are only required to assemble wall panels from ready-made, appropriately marked material.

It’s worth saying here that not all LSTK designs can be of good quality, which is also typical for others building materials. Unfortunately, in Russia there are many unscrupulous enterprises that deceive customers. The declared quality does not correspond to the actual one. Deliberately, in pursuit of profit, enterprises reduce the thickness of the profile wall and zinc layer, and also use a steel grade lower than the declared one, which affects the quality and safety of the entire structure.

In such a situation, it is better to focus on famous manufacturers, with experience and relevant technological and design base.

High speed of construction. The average time to assemble the frame of a house with an area of 100 m2 is two weeks with the participation of a team of 3–4 people. Construction of a turnkey house will take two to three months. For comparison: for construction brick house it will take about 10 months. In addition, the building does not shrink, so finishing can be done immediately after the installation of the main structures. This further reduces construction time. Installation of a building using LSTC technology requires the involvement of qualified specialists and this can cause difficulties. On the other hand, well-known manufacturers have such installers. By the way, any house-building technology requires the involvement of qualified personnel, the same masons if a brick house is being built.

Structural strength and operational durability of LSTK. Many years of experience in the operation of buildings built using LSTC technology, including multi-storey and industrial buildings, proves the absolute strength of the structure, which is further enhanced by internal and external cladding. Many consumers have the opinion that LSTC can be bent or punched with one blow. This is not true, since the strength of the structure is determined in the finished, assembled form, and not by individual part.

In general, the service life of buildings made from light steel frames is at least 50 years.
In addition, all materials used in the design are not subject to rotting, the formation of mold colonies, fungi, etc.

The profiles used in LSTK have a corrosion-resistant coating, however, wooden structures also need protection from moisture, and the costs for both types protective treatment quite comparable.
We can say that a wooden frame is “more environmentally friendly”. In fact, this dignity is relative, since wooden frames it is also necessary to “sew up” layers of external and internal finishing. In addition, wood requires many impregnations - fire retardant, bioprotective. The question is, what will ultimately be left of the “environmentally friendly” wood?

Unlike wooden structures LSFC never shrinks and does not react in any way to changes in air humidity. This means that even after many years of operation, cracks will not appear in the walls of such structures, and the enclosing structures themselves will retain their exact geometric dimensions. All this provides the building with maximum thermal protection.

The frame made of LSTC is relatively fire resistant. It does not support combustion, especially if the internal lining is made of GSP (gypsum building board, formerly called gypsum board (gypsum board).

In this case, the entire structure can withstand fire for several hours.

Energy efficiency. A building made from LSTK is the same frame building as any other. Therefore, the enclosing structure is a “pie”, including effective insulation, and external and internal cladding materials. At the same time, the use of perforated profiles (thermal profile) increases the heat flow path several times, which practically eliminates the main problem of metal structures - “cold bridges”.

The main features of frame buildings include the separation of functions in the design of the load-bearing base and the enclosing (cladding) finish. The frame made of LSTK profile performs the load-bearing function, and the enclosing function is performed by finishing made of insulation, which is combined with windproofing, waterproofing and vapor barrier materials. Such a distribution of “responsibilities” makes it possible to make frame houses made of LSFK much warmer. To do this, it is enough to change the thickness of the insulation layer or its material itself, and not make any adjustments to the composition load-bearing structure metal frame.

Variability of architectural and planning solutions. Buildings made from light-weight reinforced concrete materials have no restrictions on the configuration of volumes and methods of external finishing. Constructions frame type allow you to implement any planning scheme. In addition, using LSTK technology, it is possible to erect structures without the use of intermediate supports with spans of up to 12 m, and in the case of strengthening structures - up to 15 m. In addition, LSTK ensures the convenience of placing elements of communication systems and embedding into walls various kinds additional segments.

A frame building erected using LSTK technology gives owners the widest possibilities in choosing exterior finishes. For example, façade surfaces walls can be lined with decorative bricks. Typically they use facing (facing) brick or clinker tiles that imitate stone, brick, etc. In the category of traditional cladding materials frame house LSTK includes wooden lining or plastic siding, and a plaster facade can be made using a KNAUF Aquapanel slab.

Environmental friendliness. Steel – environmentally friendly pure material, which does not emit volatile substances into the atmosphere and does not absorb anything from it.

Construction of the foundation and plinth

The most common foundation that is installed for houses made of LSTK is the columnar type. The pillars are laid in each corner of the building, at the intersection of adjacent walls, under the piers and supports of especially loaded purlins at a distance of 1.5 m to 2.5 m from each other. The pillars can be stone, brick and reinforced concrete. For frame LSTK houses, it can also be arranged strip foundations. They are laid under all external and internal walls.
When installing a columnar foundation structural elements The base consists of a grillage and a fence that fills the space between the foundation pillars. The fence can be made of base slabs, brick or monolithic concrete. There must be ventilation holes in the basement to prevent the formation of dampness in the basement.

Installation of floors and ceilings

For the construction of interfloor ceilings, galvanized profiles of C- and Z-shaped sections are used. Standard width profile sections – 150; 200 or 250 mm. The thickness of the profile wall is 2–3 mm. According to Russian standards, beams are laid in increments of 60 cm, according to European standards - 35 cm.

The structure of the ceiling includes:

GVL floor;
load-bearing flooring;
galvanized steel profiles of C- and Z-section;
slab insulation;
profiles for ceiling lathing;
GSP sheets for the ceiling.

The installation process begins with fastening a U-shaped guide profile along the inner perimeter, in which the floor beams will be fixed. To increase the rigidity and strength of the structure, steel corners are used, which are secured with screws in rack profile wall panel into the ceiling frame - beam.

After installing and fixing the beams, the ceiling is lathed. A hat profile (omega profile) is used for the sheathing. A moisture-proof film is attached to the sheathing, and plaster is placed on top building slabs(GSP). Insulation boards (mineral wool) are laid between the beams. Mineral wool boards with a density of 30–40 kg/m3 are used as insulation.

Profiled steel sheets are secured on top of the LGSC floor with self-tapping screws (the waves are placed perpendicular to the direction of the beams). To increase sound insulation characteristics, it is recommended to lay gaskets made of noise-absorbing material between the corrugated sheet and the beams.

The final stage of installation of the floor is the installation of a subfloor (GVL sheets are suitable for this), after which you can begin laying the floor covering.

When installing basement floor, the grillage is waterproofed from one layer of roofing material or uniflex.

Wall construction

The design of the external walls of buildings includes:

galvanized metal profiles made from a strip of thin sheet steel 0.75–2.5 mm thick, connected to each other with screws and self-tapping screws in the plane of the panel. Vertical posts, horizontal guide profiles and connecting elements create the frame of the building;
insulation boards tightly laid between the racks. The insulation must be non-flammable, environmentally friendly and provide high thermal parameters of the wall (mineral wool);
GSP for wall cladding from the inside;
vapor barrier and diffusion films;
external cladding made according to the “ventilated facade” principle (the air gap ensures ventilation of the insulation).

The basis of the structural system of buildings made of LSTK is a load-bearing frame made of bent profiles channel, C- or Z-shaped section increased rigidity made of steel with a thickness of at least 0.75 mm.

The construction of walls is carried out in several stages. The frame of the LSTC wall panel is assembled in a horizontal position, after which it is installed in the design vertical position and secured to the foundation or ceiling. An insulation of three layers of mineral wool slabs is laid “staggered” between the frame posts. A layer of vapor barrier is laid on the inside of the wall and sheathed with sheet material. To ensure fire safety, strength and sound insulation, it is best to use KNAUF sheets (GSP).

According to the standard, the internal lining is made of two layers. For this purpose, KNAUF sheets GSP-A with a PLUK edge are used. Gypsum building boards metal frame made of LSTK are fastened using piercing self-tapping or drilling self-tapping screws (self-tapping screws) with a diameter of 4.2 mm or 4.8 mm, always with countersunk head. GSP KNAUF serves as an excellent basis for painting, wallpapering or finishing with thin-layer decorative plaster. The process of interior finishing of a frame house made of LSFK is greatly facilitated thanks to the perfectly flat surface of the walls and the precise convergence of the panels at the joints.

The outer side is sheathed sheet material, for example, with Knauf Aquapanel cement boards, and is prepared for finishing (plastering or gluing clinker tiles).

In order for the insulation to retain heat well inside the building, it is necessary to cover it with a special windproof film on the external façade sides. The direct purpose of wind protection is to retain heat inside the building, prevent the destruction of the insulation layer and protect it from the effects of atmospheric phenomena. The function of the windproof layer is not to allow air and moisture to pass through from the outside, but also not to prevent water vapor from escaping from the inside, that is, this layer must be vapor- and air-tight. Hydro- and windproof membrane films are laid on the surface of the insulation, and a gap is left between the outer skin and the windproofing layer, which allows moist air to escape freely without condensation forming inside.

Exterior finishing of the building from LSTK

The choice of material for finishing the facade depends not only appearance buildings, but also heat and sound insulation. It is possible to use wood materials - lining and block house. Vinyl or polyvinyl chloride siding has gained wide popularity. In some cases, facades are plastered. Sometimes facades are finished with various board materials and fiber cement siding, facing bricks, natural or artificial stone.

Roofing device

The roof installation begins with installation rafter system. Step rafter legs should be equal to 1.2 m or 0.6 m. Depending on the type of roof, a lathing made of a hat profile (omega profile) is laid on the rafters. Roofing material is laid on the sheathing. Any type of roof must provide reliable protection houses from the penetration of precipitation and withstand snow and wind loads.

Price issue

The cost of any home depends on many factors. Costs are not influenced by: the area of the building, its finishing, competition among manufacturers and companies providing installation services, proximity of manufacturers.

Final home prices can vary significantly, even within the same region. A “journey” through the Internet showed a noticeable spread of numbers.

For example, in Lipetsk, from one of the companies, the price of a metal frame** for a house with an area of 217 m2 costs 690,250 thousand rubles. A set of the same house with installation for final finishing of the facade with siding - 3.710 million rubles.

House with an area of 77 m2 - 1,208.4 million rubles.

In Novosibirsk, one of the companies offers a one-apartment two-story building with total area 163.8 m2. Metal frame kit – 580 thousand rubles. The turnkey house package for this building costs 2.457 million rubles.

But this is the picture observed in the Moscow region. The price of a metal frame for a two-story residential building with a total area of 112 m2 is 435 thousand rubles.
The cost of the metal frame with installation is 652,500 thousand rubles.

There is also a comparison of the average cost of 1m2 of housing (with interior decoration) depending on construction technology:

monolithic - 28.5 thousand rubles;
frame-panel – 19 thousand rubles;
timber - 32 thousand rubles;
LSTK – 18.5 thousand rubles.

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*Prokopyeva A.Yu., Ryazanova G.N. Performance Analysis permanent formwork for the construction of enclosing structures during low-rise construction. Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2015.

**Pricing formula for a metal frame kit (without installation):

1 m2 weighs 40 kg of metal;
1 ton of light steel fiber materials costs 80 thousand rubles;
the frame of a house with an area of 100 m2 (4 tons) will cost 320 thousand rubles.