Concrete garage structure
A car has long been transformed from a luxury item into an indispensable assistant. With its help, it is easy to quickly resolve many issues. Vehicle owners are faced with a serious problem related to car parking. After all, residents of high-rise buildings do not always have the opportunity to get a place in a garage cooperative to build a garage. Hosts country houses and land plots can erect a prefabricated or monolithic garage made of concrete or various blocks.
Garage design options
If you need to quickly build a room to store your car, you should choose a reinforced concrete garage. Garage buildings made of composite blocks, metal sheets and wood, it is problematic to compete with a reinforced concrete garage in terms of durability, strength and reliability. The popularity of reinforced concrete buildings is associated with the simplicity of construction and the accelerated pace of completion installation work. Today it is easy to purchase a prefabricated or solid garage at precast concrete enterprises or carry out the construction yourself monolithic design.
Sooner or later, any car enthusiast comes to the idea that his “iron horse” needs a home
Car owners install various designs reinforced concrete garages:
- team consisting of manufactured in industrial conditions reinforced concrete slabs. Increased mass components requires the use of special lifting equipment to perform installation operations. This structure is assembled without the use of a binding solution, since reinforced concrete modules, after installation, remain immobile due to their increased mass. During assembly, electric welding can be used to connect embedded elements and fittings. Vehicle owners are attracted by the accelerated installation, ease of assembly, lack of need for a foundation, as well as the possibility of prompt dismantling of the structure;
- monolithic, manufactured at factories of reinforced concrete products in the form of a solid block. Car owners who decide to install a solid reinforced concrete garage are faced with the problem of delivering the structure to the installation site, as well as the need to use special vehicles and a lifting crane for transportation. In this regard, this design is characterized by increased cost compared to the prefabricated version. To install a one-piece garage block made of steel-reinforced concrete, the site must be carefully prepared. To do this, it is necessary to remove debris and vegetation, level the soil surface, lay and compact a sand-crushed stone cushion;
- combined, including ready-made and self-formed reinforced concrete structures. As ready-made floor elements, you can use standard slabs corresponding in size to the length and width of the garage space. The walls of such a garage are made of composite blocks, the laying of which is carried out on cement mortar or monolithic concrete. Formation of solid iron concrete walls carried out by pouring concrete mixture into formwork with a pre-installed reinforcement cage. The floor is poured independently by concreting the base reinforced with a reinforcement grid.
The combined option attracts car owners with reduced costs and expanded choice constructive solutions, as well as the possibility of constructing a room with the required dimensions.
They are erected faster than buildings made of brick or cinder blocks
Advantages and disadvantages of a concrete garage
A concrete garage, like other types of garage premises, has certain advantages, as well as a number of disadvantages.
The positive characteristics of reinforced concrete structures include:
- long period of use. Provided that the manufacturing technology is followed and a high-quality solution is used for concreting, the hardened monolith is able to retain its properties for a century;
- increased safety margin and increased level of reliability. Structure from reinforced concrete problematic to damage. There is no doubt about the safety of a vehicle located in a concrete room;
- Fire safety. In a garage where oils, fuels and flammable liquids are stored, there is a risk of fire situations. The concrete structure is not subject to combustion;
- maintainability. In the event of cracks or local defects, it is easy to seal cavities in the solid using a cement solution, special putty or plaster composition;
- installation speed. Compared to stone or wooden buildings, the construction of which requires long time, a ready-made reinforced concrete garage is installed on a prepared site in a couple of hours with the help of a team of workers;
- vandal resistance. It is problematic for attackers who traditionally use a jack to lift floor elements to violate the integrity of a monolithic structure made of reinforced concrete;
- diversity design options ready-made concrete garages. When ordering products in in the right place an opening is made for the doors, and the concrete base slab is equipped with an opening for access to the inspection pit or basement.
As for the disadvantages, the main disadvantage of building concrete garages is the impossibility of rebuilding, disassembling and moving to another location
Reinforced concrete structure also has weak sides:
- increased mass. Weighing more than 12 tons, special equipment is required for transportation and installation, and during installation you should worry about constructing a crushed stone-sand cushion;
- increased construction costs. The increased material consumption of reinforced concrete structures, in the manufacture of which expensive plasticizers are used, increases the total cost;
- difficulties during transportation. It is necessary to use special equipment. Violation of transportation rules causes deformation and impairs performance characteristics.
When giving preference to a reinforced concrete garage, you should carefully study the advantages and also analyze the disadvantages.
Getting ready to build a garage from concrete or blocks
Regardless of whether a monolithic garage will be installed, or a prefabricated version of the garage will be built, preparatory stage a number of works should be performed:
- Select the location of the garage space.
- Decide on the design of the garage.
- Develop a project that takes into account all the features.
- Determine the need for building materials.
- Calculate total costs.
- Purchase everything necessary for construction.
You should also take care in advance about obtaining permission to build a garage. Let us dwell on the features of performing individual stages.
The first item on the list of things needed to build a garage is development detailed plan, which will take into account the dimensions of the future building, foundation, roof and everything else
Choosing a location for a reinforced concrete garage
When deciding on the location of the future garage, consider the following points:
- distance of the building from the place of residence. The garage is close to the place permanent residence more convenient, as it will allow you to manage time rationally;
- the nature of the soil at the construction site. Close location groundwater And high humidity soil will create inconvenience during construction inspection hole or basement;
- proximity to power lines and water mains. You should take into account where the communications lie, to which you can quickly connect. Running networks under a garage can cause a number of difficulties when repairing them.
An important point when determining the location is the availability of free space intended for opening the gate leaves, as well as the convenience of leaving the garage area.
Carrying out markings on a construction site
To carry out the marking, you need to transfer the coordinates of the garage location from the plan to the conditions of the real terrain. To do this you need to use:
- construction cord;
- small pegs;
- roulette
Marking is carried out on a site cleared of vegetation and leveled.
As for choosing a place for a monolithic building, it is advisable to place it separately from your house
Calculation of building materials
Perform operations to determine the need for material according to the following algorithm:
- Calculate the total length of the garage walls.
- Multiply the resulting perimeter by the wall thickness and height.
- Subtract the volume of window and door openings from the resulting volume of the garage.
By dividing the actual volume of future walls by the volume of one block, it is easy to determine the amount of building material. When making monolithic garage walls using the concreting method, the volume of the walls corresponds to the need for concrete mortar.
The order of operations at each stage of construction
Construction of a garage
- Brick garage - from 16,000 rub/m2
- Foam-gas-concrete garage - from 11,000 rub/m2
- Frame garage- from 8000 rub/m2
- Garage made of profiled timber - from 12,000 rub/m2
- Garage made of laminated veneer lumber - from 16,000 rub/m2
- Garage made of rounded logs - from 13,000 rub/m2
- Garage made of reinforced concrete slabs - from 24,000 rub/m2
- Metal garage (LSTC/corrugated sheeting) - from 5,500 rub/m2
Construction of a canopy
- Polycarbonate carport on iron pillars- from 3300 rub/m2
- Cantilever carport - from 4700 RUR/m2
- Forged carport - from 5100 RUR/m2
- Carport made of corrugated sheets - from 4000 rub/m2
- Carport made of metal tiles - from 4100 rub/m2
- Carport made of wood - Individually
Roofing
| Rafter system | from 300.00 rub. | m2 |
| Lathing | from 150.00 rub. | m2 |
| Covering gables with edged boards | from 150.00 rub. | m2 |
| Covering gables with siding, block house, clapboard, etc. | from 300.00 rub. | m2 |
| Laying under-roof hydro-wind insulation | from 100.00 rub. | m2 |
| Laying roofing felt | from 100.00 rub. | m2 |
| Laying Ondulin | from 250.00 rub. | m2 |
| Laying metal tiles | from 300.00 rub. | m2 |
| Laying flexible tiles | from 400.00 rub. | m2 |
| Laying OSB - plywood | from 200.00 rub. | m2 |
| Insulation of roof slopes | from 150.00 rub. | m2 |
| Installation drainage system | from 250.00 rub. | p.m. |
Prices for garage foundations
- Strip foundation (height 60cm - thickness 30cm) - from 3000 rub/m.p.
- Strip foundation (height 80cm - thickness 40cm) - from 4350 rub/m.p.
- Monolithic slab (height 20cm) - from 3500 rub/m2
- Monolithic slab (height 30cm) - from 4360 rub/m2
Cost of one screw pile with screwing and concreting
- pile thickness 89 mm. + height 1.5m - 3,000 rub.
- pile thickness 89 mm. + height 2.5m - 3,200 rub.
- pile thickness 89 mm. + height 3m - 3,300 rub.
- pile thickness 108 mm. + height 1.5m - 3,100 rub.
- pile thickness 108 mm. + height 2.5m - 3,400 rub.
- pile thickness 108 mm. + height 3m - 3,500 rub.
Electric installation work
| Assembly, installation and assembly of electrical panels | Unit change | Price |
| Installation of outdoor electrical panel | PC. | from 800 rub. |
| Installation of a hidden electrical panel | PC. | from 1500 rub. |
| Installation of an electrical panel without a meter electrical energy | PC. | from 2000 rub. |
| Installation of an electrical panel with an electric energy meter | PC. | from 2500 rub. |
| Installation and disconnection of junction boxes 3 | Unit change | Price |
| Up to 4 cables for open wiring soft material(tree) | PC. | 350 rub. |
| Up to 4 cables for open electrical wiring on solid material (brick/foam concrete/concrete) | PC. | 400/450/500 rub. |
| Up to 4 cables for electrical wiring under plasterboard | PC. | 350 rub. |
| Up to 4 cables for hidden electrical wiring in foam concrete/brick/concrete | PC. | 500/550/600 rub. |
| From 5 cables for open electrical wiring on soft material (wood) | PC. | 450 rub. |
| From 5 cables for open electrical wiring on solid material (brick/foam concrete/concrete) | PC. | 500/550/600 rub. |
| From 5 cables for electrical wiring under plasterboard | PC. | 450 rub. |
| From 5 cables for hidden electrical wiring in foam concrete/brick/concrete | PC. | 600/650/700 rub. |
| Installation (laying) power cable up to 4 mm2:2 | Unit change | Price |
| Opened directly to the wall using brackets | m/n. | 50 rub. |
| Opened in a corrugated pipe over soft material (wood) | m/n. | 100 rub. |
| Opened in a corrugated pipe over solid material (brick/foam concrete/concrete) | m/n. | 150/150/150 rub. |
| Opened into a cable channel on soft material (wood) | m/n. | 100 rub. |
| Opened into a cable channel on solid material (brick/foam concrete/concrete) | m/n. | 200/200/200 rub. |
| Hidden in foam concrete | m/n. | 300 rub. |
| Hidden in brick | m/n. | 350 rub. |
| Hidden in concrete | m/n. | 400 rub. |
| Installation of a new electrical point (socket/switch)1 | Unit change | Price |
| Open electrical wiring on soft material (wood) | PC. | 200 rub. |
| Open electrical wiring on solid material (brick/foam concrete/concrete) | PC. | 250/250/250 rub. |
| Electrical wiring for plasterboard | PC. | 250 rub. |
| Hidden electrical wiring in foam concrete | PC. | 300 rub. |
| Hidden electrical wiring in brick | PC. | 350 rub. |
| Hidden electrical wiring in concrete | PC. | 400 rub. |
Finishing work
- Installation of an electrical kit inside the garage - from RUB 10,000.
- Production of garage concrete floors - from RUB 25,000.
- Replacement. Manufacturing wooden floors- from 20,000 rub.
- Interior decoration garage dry eurolining - 800 rub. per m2
- Manufacturing metal gates with gate, painting - from RUB 30,000.
- Set of overhead sectional doors + installation - from RUB 45,000.
- Redecorating inside the garage - from 1500 rubles. per m2
The car is an indispensable assistant, which is found in almost every family. For long-term storage of such a vehicle, it is necessary to build a special room that will protect the car from intruders and precipitation. Many motorists prefer to build a reinforced concrete garage, since this design is the most reliable. However, before starting construction, you need to become familiar with the features of such garage buildings and the nuances of construction work.
Before constructing structures from reinforced concrete products, it is necessary to understand in more detail their disadvantages and advantages. This will help you understand whether it is worth using reinforced concrete in construction. The main advantages of structures made from such building materials include the following:
- Resistance to loads. In the manufacture of reinforced concrete, reinforced rods, sand and cement are used. The combination of these components makes the building material durable and reliable.
- Does not oxidize. The surface of reinforced concrete products is covered with a special protective layer that prevents any oxidation processes. Thanks to this, car storage spaces do not collapse for decades.
- Doesn't rust. Corrosion is very dangerous for iron reinforcement, as it causes the material to begin to deteriorate. However, when creating reinforced concrete they use special cement which prevents rust.
- Self-sealing. When exposed to moisture, building materials not only do not lose their strength properties, but also improve them over time. Due to this, the density of reinforced concrete gradually increases.
However, the building material also has certain disadvantages that you should familiarize yourself with before starting work. These include:
- large mass;
- the need to create a reliable foundation;
- complexity of operation in construction;
- the need to install additional waterproofing and thermal insulation;
- difficulty of dismantling.
Types of reinforced concrete garages
Prefabricated and monolithic buildings can be made from such building materials. It is recommended to understand the features of each design in advance in order to find out their main differences.
Monolithic
Monolithic structures are popular among car owners, as they are quite simple to build. There are two types of monolithic buildings:
- Disassembled. In this case, the customer is delivered concrete plates, which he will have to install himself to create a garage.
- Collected. This is an already manufactured object that is delivered to the customer at the place where his garage will be located.
Experts advise using assembled monolithic buildings, since a person does not even have to spend time on construction. Representatives of a company that sells reinforced concrete will independently assemble the structure to the specified dimensions.
Made
People who want to build a garage with their own hands should pay attention to prefabricated structures. All their components are manufactured separately. When making each reinforced concrete slab, many details are taken into account that will simplify the further assembly of the garage structure.
During construction prefabricated garage can be used:
- concrete blocks;
- Wall panels with slabs to create interior walls.
When does it make sense to build it?
It is not easy to make a reinforced concrete garage yourself, and therefore it is recommended to figure out in advance whether it needs to be built and how often it will be used.
Such a structure can be built on the site where the a private house, in which a person permanently resides. However, if the garage space will be built on summer cottage, which is visited only in the spring or summer, you will have to compare in advance the benefits of the built garage and the amount of money and time spent. Experts advise building buildings at dachas from profiled sheets or polycarbonate.
Reinforced concrete structures are built only if the car will be stored in them daily.
Where is it smart to build?
Before construction, you need to familiarize yourself with the location of the car storage room. To do this you will have to study regulations, which specify the requirements for the placement of utility buildings. According to the requirements of SNIP, garages are located at a distance of one meter from the border of the site. If the building is part of a garage cooperative, the distance between it and other buildings must be at least ten meters.
Experienced builders advise attaching a reinforced concrete garage to a private house, as this will give it the following advantages:
- saving territory on the site, which in the future can be used for other needs;
- minimum expenditure of financial resources during the construction of a building;
- simplified access to tools and car thanks to a separate entrance to the garage from the house.
Finished projects
To build a garage, you need to determine its dimensions and develop a project for construction work.
When determining the size of a building, factors that may affect its dimensions are taken into account. These include the location of the structure, as well as the size of the site. If the garage is located in a garage cooperative, you will have to build a building with standard sizes 4 x 5 meters, which is enough to store one car.
On suburban areas You can build larger structures in which you can store several cars. The only factor that will limit the size of the garage space is the number free space allocated for construction.
Stages of building a garage from reinforced concrete slabs with your own hands
Before you start creating a garage space from reinforced concrete, you need to familiarize yourself with the main stages of construction.
Foundation
Construction work begins with the manufacture of the foundation, which is the basis of the entire structure. To do this, the following sequence of actions is performed:
- Creation of a pit. First, a hole about 60-75 centimeters deep is dug.
- Backfilling the pit. The dug hole is half filled with crushed stone, screenings and construction waste. This will make the foundation more reliable and durable.
- Filling. When the pit is 25-35 centimeters full construction waste, cement mortar is poured into it. The first 20 centimeters of the hole are filled with a liquid mixture, and the subsequent ones are filled with a thicker solution.
- Alignment. A reinforced concrete structure must be installed on a perfectly level foundation, and therefore the concrete surface is carefully leveled and polished.
Walls
The construction of garage walls from reinforced concrete is considered a simple process, since manufacturing plants produce ready-made building materials that can simply be fastened with bolts or special anchors. Minor difficulties during construction can be caused by the thickness of concrete slabs and their weight.
To work with such building materials, use a tripod with a winch or hire a machine with a manipulator.
When installing walls use building level, which will help to place the slabs evenly. The joints of concrete slabs are sealed cement mixture, which will protect the connecting elements from corrosion.
Roof
Creation work garage roof is performed in several successive steps:
- Creating a slope. The roof should have a slight slope so that water does not accumulate on its surface after rains. To do this, 2-3 rows of bricks are laid on one of the walls so that the slab lies at a slight angle.
- Laying the slab. To lift the material onto the roof you will have to use lifting mechanism. Before placing the slab, the wall surfaces are covered with a layer of cement two centimeters thick.
- Waterproofing. To protect the roof from moisture, roofing felt is spread in two layers on the laid slab.
Insulation
To insulate concrete garage walls, foam sheets are used. To do this, you will have to make a wooden sheathing on each wall to secure the insulation. After creating the sheathing, the first layer of foam is attached to it. It can be secured with screws or special glue. To make insulation more effective, thermal insulation material laid in two layers.
Waterproofing
To prevent damp inside the garage, you need to take care of waterproofing. To protect the walls and flooring to protect against moisture, use sheets of roofing felt. Such waterproofing material It does not adhere well to the surface and therefore must be secured with a stapler. One layer of roofing material is enough to prevent the humidity level inside from increasing to critical levels.
Finish options
For internal and exterior finishing The premises are covered with plaster. Surfaces must be plastered at a temperature of at least five degrees Celsius so that the plaster does not crumble. You can also use it to decorate walls. plasterboard sheets or thick plywood.
Possibility of heating
The temperature in the garage should be maintained at about 10-20 degrees Celsius. Without additional system In heating, it is quite difficult to achieve such temperature indicators. To heat the garage space, you can install an electric boiler or stove, which will heat the garage with wood and coal.
Conclusion
For long-term storage of vehicles, many people build garages from reinforced concrete. To properly build such a room, they study the features of using reinforced concrete slabs in construction.
A necessary and important building for any car owner is a garage, which will protect the car from both bad weather and prying eyes will protect you and allow you to comfortably do minor repairs. When constructing a building, the most profitable, convenient and quick option is a slab garage.
Basically, two types of materials are used for installation:
- Reinforced concrete prefabricated slabs.
- OSB boards.
In this article we will look at both methods, talk about the materials used, technical characteristics, and assembly features.
Precast concrete garage
To erect a building of this type, a foundation is not required (see), the slabs are placed on a leveled base sprinkled with sand.
During construction, sets of special garage slabs are used, which include:
- Three blank wall panels.
- One panel with gate opening.
- Floor slab.
- Floor slab.
The advantages of this type of construction are as follows:
- Build speed. The garage is assembled like a kit, which takes much less time; it only requires welding to connect the elements of the kit. Although options are now being produced that are connected without welding, using brackets and anchors, and welding work will only be needed when .
- Durability and reliability. The structure of garage slabs lasts for decades and guarantees the safety of the car.
- The room inside does not require large investments in decoration Basically, it is enough to paint or whitewash the walls and ceiling.
- A reinforced concrete garage is much warmer than monolithic or metal buildings, but to save more electricity and reduce heat loss, some owners additionally cover the walls with polystyrene foam or polystyrene.
The disadvantages include the need to attract equipment for the installation of slabs and quite high cost set. But the price can be reduced by making some elements yourself.
Garage walls and floor
A set of garage wall slabs has a low weight, reduced thickness (120–150 mm), each slab is equipped with built-in embedded parts, which ensure reliable assembly of the frame.
To reduce the cost of construction, you can also make the flooring yourself. The monolithic slab under the garage is poured first, the base surface is reinforced with a mesh or individual connected rods with a diameter of 12–16 mm in increments of 200–300 mm, covered concrete mixture, vibrates and aligns.
Important! Since the building is self-supporting structure and is not subjected to heavy loads, then when pouring the slabs with your own hands, you can use used reinforcement to install the grids, having previously cleaned it and coated it with an anti-corrosion compound. Protective layer concrete above the mesh should be at least 30 mm, and a slight slope of the floor slab should be made towards the gate.
At the corners of the building, a corner or pipe is installed vertically on the floor slab, which will serve as the basis of the frame, and wall panels are welded to them.
If necessary, first dig a pit for the installation of additional basement slabs, then the base is also filled with reinforced concrete, and wall panels are mounted on it. The sinuses are filled with soil with layer-by-layer compaction and spilling with water. If this is not done, the floor in the garage may sag due to seasonal soil movements.
Work on the installation of the above-ground part of the garage can only be carried out when the earth in the sinuses has completely settled, therefore, after installing the inspection pit, you must wait at least 3 months.
Garage roof
Typically, the roof of a building is made pitched (see) or gable, and is used hollow core slabs garage floors, as they are lighter, and the empty channels in the body of the slab provide better thermal insulation.
The roofing is done using the following technology:
- Floor slabs are mounted on the mortar, the support of the long sides on the walls is made at least 100 mm, and the ends - 150 mm.
- The seams between the plates are filled with fine-grained mortar or polyurethane foam.
- Mounted rafter system for single- or double-slope roofs.
- The surface of the plates is coated with a special impregnation for dust removal and better adhesion of materials to each other.
- A vapor barrier layer is laid to protect the insulation from condensation during temperature changes.
- A layer of insulation is laid (expanded clay, slag, mineral slab or rolled materials).
- Waterproofing is installed to protect the insulation from getting wet and the garage from leaks.
- Roofing material is laid along the rafters.
If the roof is made flat, pitched, then several layers of roofing material are used, glued to a bitumen base with a joint overlap of 150 mm.
Important! The roof must have a slope of at least 5%; if it is impossible to remove it with a floor slab, then drain it using a cement-sand mortar screed.
OSB garage
One of the new materials used for garage construction is OSB boards, which are produced by pressing from long wood chips based on special polymer resins. What are the benefits of wood-based slabs and why are they popular?
Garage near the house, made of OSB slabs
This:
- Low cost compared to reinforced concrete or monolithic options.
- No equipment is required; the slabs are light in weight and easy to transport and assemble.
- High moisture resistance and excellent strength characteristics.
- The slabs can be easily processed, sawed, drilled, and can be used to build a garage of any architectural complexity that harmoniously fits into the overall composition of the house.
A garage made of OSB slabs is mounted on strip foundation about 400 mm deep, this is enough, since the building is a light frame structure. The width depends on the thickness of the walls plus 100 mm.
Another option could be a slab foundation; it is poured onto a leveled base with reinforcement. The dimensions of the foundation are calculated based on the area of the building. Such a base can simultaneously serve as the floor in the room. We have already told you above how to make a slab for a garage.
Frame garage construction technology
A building of this type has excellent strength indicators and is simple in construction and finishing:
- Construction begins with the installation of a frame made of timber or metal profile.
- Wall openings from the inside are filled with continuous flooring made of 150x50 mm boards.
- One side is sewn up taking into account the opening for the gate.
- On the outside, insulation in one or two layers is attached to the boards.
- The walls from the street are also covered with boards.
- Sheathing the frame OSB slabs outside and inside.
Important! It is necessary to secure it under the slabs waterproofing film to prevent moisture from penetrating the wooden frame.
- Hollow-core slabs in OSB garages are perfect for flooring; they are relatively light in weight, so the walls will not be subject to heavy loads.
- The roof truss system is installed, the sheathing is installed, which is covered with roofing material.
- The garage is being sheathed on the outside finishing material(plastic or metal siding works great).
- The floor is poured, a slope of 3 degrees is made towards the gate.
It must also be said that of the four types of slabs produced, the most popular technical specifications OSB 3 is used for the construction of garages; it successfully combines price and quality of material.
The proposed photos and videos will help you choose the most suitable option construction of a garage on your site.
Today we will tell you how to properly pour concrete like this building element like a slab for a garage. Despite the simplicity of the design itself, there are many serious aspects that affect the quality of the final result. Therefore, let’s consider the dimensional parameters of a slab structure, give an example of calculating a reinforcing frame and point by point technological processes pouring the floor in the garage in the form of a slab.
Slab foundation
Let's start with the fact that the foundation for the garage is a slab; the structure is very reliable, but expensive in terms of material consumption. It has a big advantage: the foundation itself will simultaneously perform the functions floor base. And if the surface is properly hardened, such a floor will last for decades. This is purely constructive monolithic slab, in which a metal reinforcing frame made of steel reinforcement is laid to increase the strength characteristics of the foundation.
Advantages and disadvantages
Let's start with the advantages of this design:
Essentially, the plate is floating platform, which is not afraid of the complexities of the soil. It can be poured even on moving soils.
Low lying groundwater no problem for the stove. The garage will always be dry. And even if the water level is high enough, a small layer of simple waterproofing saves the situation.
If there is a need to lay in a slab foundation heating system heated floor, then this is not the most a big problem. The main thing is to think through everything and calculate it at the garage design stage.
Slab foundation - the structure is quite thick, so that through it neither rodents nor insects will not penetrate.
The only drawback, as mentioned above, heavy expenses building materials: concrete and reinforcement. Accordingly, the budget allocated for its construction will be greater than for the construction of, for example, a strip foundation.
Step-by-step instructions for constructing a slab for a garage
Let's consider the process of pouring a slab under a garage using the example of a standard structure measuring 4x6 m. Like all construction processes, the structure slab foundation is divided into two main stages: preparation for pouring concrete mortar and the filling itself.
Stage No. 1 – preparatory
First of all, the site for construction is marked. That is, the boundaries of the garage with sides of 4 and 6 m are determined from the ground using pegs and string. The resulting rectangle is checked along two diagonals. They are simply measured and compared. Their lengths must be equal.
Next, they dig a pit 0.3-0.5 m deep. This parameter mainly depends on what materials the garage itself will be constructed from. If it's a brick or concrete blocks, then you need to dig out as much as possible. If these are blocks from cellular concrete, then at a minimum.
The bottom of the pit is leveled and covered in two layers: the lower crushed stone is 10-20 cm thick, the upper sand is the same thickness. Both layers are pre-leveled and compacted. If it is necessary to waterproof the slab, then this is done right now. The easiest way is to use roll material based on bitumen, for example, roofing felt.
It is laid in at least two layers. In this case, both of them are laid in stripes in perpendicular directions. The strips themselves are laid out overlapping each other with an offset of 10-12 cm, with the obligatory closing of the edges of the pit. That is, the waterproofing layer should not only cover the cushion, but also the walls of the pit. The roofing felt strips are fastened with bitumen mastic.
Calculation, assembly and installation of the reinforcing layer
To assemble a reinforcing frame, use steel reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm. It is assembled in the form of a lattice with cells 20x20 cm. You can have less or more, this option is optimal.
First of all, you need to calculate the number of required reinforcing bars. The dimensions of the building are known, but you need to know that the reinforcement bars should not reach the edges of the foundation within 5-10 cm. For example, if the length of the garage being built is 6 m, then the length of the longitudinal elements should be 5.8 m. Transverse ones 3.8 m with a slab length of 4 m.
Now you need to calculate the required number of longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars. Since their installation step is 20 cm, that is, 0.2 m, then in the transverse direction of the longitudinal elements it will be: 3.8: 0.2 = 19. Be sure to add one more element, because such a calculation does not take into account the last outermost rod. That is, in total you will get 20 pieces of reinforcement 5.8 m long.
They do the same with the calculation of the number of transverse rods: 5.8:0.2 = 29, add “1”, you get 30 elements 3.8 m long. For information, we will show how much reinforcement is required to build a monolithic slab for a garage the size 4x6 m.
(5.8x20)+(3.8x30)=230 m. Since the length of one reinforcing bar is 11.7 m, then for our foundation we will need: 230:11.7=19.65 pieces. Round up to 20 rods.
– from construction companies, presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.
So, the amount of reinforcement is known, it is cut to size and laid on a waterproofing layer in the form of a 20x20 cm grid. The reinforcement sections are tied together with knitting wire. It is better not to use electric welding, because it is a rigid connection and may not withstand the loads from the car. The wire connection is moving. When assembling the reinforcing grid, its location must be strictly observed. That is, with a distance from the edges within 5-10 cm.
And one more important point regarding the reinforcing frame. It must be located in the body of the concrete structure. That is, there should be a concrete solution underneath and on top of it. Therefore, the reinforcement grid must be raised, at least to a height of 5 cm. Therefore, pieces of bricks, blocks or stones are evenly laid under it. Today, construction stores sell special stands made of metal profiles or plastic. Firstly, they are the same size, which simplifies the installation of the frame in one horizontal plane. Secondly, these elements are stable and it is convenient to lay reinforcement on them. The photo below shows such an element.
Installation of formwork
The monolithic foundation for the garage is poured with a protrusion above the ground. This height can be quite large - within 10-15 cm, or small - 5 cm. Regardless of this, formwork is installed around the perimeter of the future building. It's better to use for this edged boards 20-25 mm thick and a width that determines the height of the upper part of the structure being poured. For example, if it is 10 cm, then the width of the board should be 100 mm.
The formwork is installed exactly along the perimeter of the pit. Its elements with outside reinforced with pegs and supports (wooden or metal), as well as two adjacent boards in different directions tightened with a lath.
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Stage No. 2 - pouring concrete mortar
This process is the simplest. Concrete is poured at once to completely fill the space inside the pit and the area limited by the formwork. Most main parameter garage slabs - thickness.
This size varies in the range of 15-20 cm. If a garage is being built for a large car, then it is better to increase the thickness to 30-40 cm. If a slab structure is poured according to the last parameter, then the reinforcing frame is assembled in two layers with a distance between them of within 20 cm .
As for concrete, for a slab foundation you can use a mortar of M250 grade, but M350 is better. Price component different brands do not differ much, but the latter is much better in terms of strength characteristics.
So, if the concrete solution is poured, you need to take care of it in terms of drying out. In the first few days, its surface must be watered. If the weather is hot, it is recommended to cover the stove with plastic wrap.
After 7 days, the formwork is removed. It is possible to load a concrete structure, that is, erect walls, only after the concrete solution has gained at least 70% of its brand strength. For example, at a temperature of +20C at normal humidity The structure will gain such strength in just 10 days. But in this situation there is no need to rush.
So, the monolithic foundation slab for the garage is ready. You can build the building itself. In principle, such a floor is already guaranteed to be durable. But it is still recommended to strengthen it. What methods and technologies are there?
Video description
The video shows how to properly build a slab foundation for a garage:
Strengthening the garage floor
There are several traditional ways, as well as new technologies.
Cementation. It is carried out at the stage of hardening of the slab foundation, while it is still wet. Just sprinkle cement on top of the floor thin layer and rub with a spatula or grater. The main task is to rub the cement into the concrete base.
Installation of stone or concrete tiles . One of those options that is not very popular among private developers. Too expensive.
Concrete floor treatment special impregnations based on polyurethane or epoxy. Such compositions penetrate deeply into the body of the concrete solution (up to 7 mm), strengthening it many times over. In this case, the surface of the slab becomes waterproof. And chemically active substances are not a hindrance to such a layer.
Painting. For this purpose special paint and varnish compositions based on polymers. Essentially, this is decorative waterproofing that does not allow moisture to pass through. But in terms of strength characteristics, these paints are quite durable.
Self-leveling floors based on cement or polymers. Another effective method strengthen concrete floors in the garage.
Conclusion on the topic
Slab foundation is considered optimal solution, if the task is to build a garage on unstable soils with high level groundwater flow. In many situations this is the only option. The most important thing is to calculate everything correctly: from the depth of the pit, the amount of reinforcement to the thickness of the slab itself. There are no secondary elements or operations in this design. The quality of the final result depends on each of them.