Is permanent polystyrene foam formwork so good? Construction of houses from permanent formwork. House from permanent formwork.

Combine insulation with durable wall material and make the process of building walls quick and simple - this is why permanent formwork was developed.

Expanded polystyrene is quite rigid and at the same time very warm material is optimal for this. If consider economic factor– the low cost of this polymer, then the high popularity of permanent formwork technology among developers becomes clear.

Standard permanent formwork made of expanded polystyrene consists of large-sized (1200x250x250 mm) lightweight blocks with through “windows”. Concrete is poured into these cavities and reinforcement is installed.

Round or rectangular protrusions and recesses are made on the upper and lower edges of the polystyrene foam blocks, with the help of which they fit tightly on top of each other. Everyone who has seen the "bricks" children's construction set Lego will probably find a lot in common between them and permanent formwork.

There is another “collapsible” design of thermoblocks, when instead of one volumetric mold, two flat ones are used. Such a block consists of two sheets of foam plastic 50 mm thick, connected to each other by plastic jumpers.

The idea of permanent formwork technology is very simple: we assemble a warm wall row by row, filling it with concrete as it grows and inserting reinforcing bars to increase spatial rigidity. The result is a durable frame structure - a reinforced concrete lattice, the internal and external surfaces of which are reliably insulated with foam plastic.

Labor-intensive operations typical of conventional brickwork– laying out mortar, trimming and splitting bricks are absent here. The blocks are quickly assembled into a single line, and workers can only fill them with fine-grained concrete in time.

The eternal problem of masons - masonry corners - has also been successfully solved. For this purpose, special corner foam blocks with perfectly precise geometry are used.

The main condition quality construction walls using permanent formwork technology is a flat foundation. If it has differences in height, then it will be very difficult to accurately place the blocks on it without additional grouting with cement mortar.

Important note! Permanent formwork can be successfully used not only for the construction warm walls, but also for pouring strip foundations.

Features of the technology

At the stage of constructing the foundation, it is necessary to lay vertical rods in it to connect it with the wall made of permanent formwork.
Reinforcement outlets from the foundation must be long enough to install the first three rows of polystyrene foam blocks.
Waterproofing of the first row of formwork is necessary. Without it, moisture will flow freely into the concrete, reducing the thermal insulation of the wall. For this you need to use compounds that do not dissolve polystyrene foam.
Horizontal reinforcing bars are laid inside each row to provide longitudinal rigidity to the frame.
Pouring concrete is carried out after installing three rows of formwork blocks. After the concrete has set, the wall can be built up further.
To cover window and door openings, you need to buy special lintels and plugs that are used to seal the ends of the formwork to prevent concrete leakage. Above the opening, the formwork is reinforced with two rows of horizontal reinforcement and supported from below to avoid deflection.

The outside of the polystyrene foam permanent formwork is finished with special adhesive mixtures that have high coefficient adhesion to polymer surfaces. To protect the plaster or putty from cracking, a fine-mesh fiberglass mesh is glued to the blocks, which is then covered with a finishing mortar.

Other types of permanent formwork cladding are not particularly problematic, provided you make a suitable base for them in advance. For example, for siding, at the installation and concreting stage, you need to attach bars or a metal profile to the wall. To finish with decorative brick or stone, wire loops are placed in the concrete formwork to connect it to the masonry.

For interior decoration For walls, sheet plasterboard or glass magnesite are optimally suited. It can be attached using ordinary starting putty. Ceramic tiles are also easily attached to the surface of polystyrene foam using special adhesive.

Pros and cons of permanent formwork

Avoiding emotions and trusting laboratory tests and practice, let's say the following. The sanitary safety of this polymer is confirmed by the hygienic certificates that each manufacturer receives for permanent formwork. This is a fact that is difficult to ignore. Owners of houses built using this technology, having lived in them for a long time for a long time(3-5 or more years) do not report discomfort or increasing health problems.

The fire safety of polystyrene foam blocks falls within the framework of current Russian norms and regulations. They belong to the category of low-flammability and low-flammability materials (G1 and B1). But their level of smoke formation is quite high - D3.

This is what we see in the hygienic certificate for polystyrene foam boards (analogous to blocks for permanent formwork).

But after studying the information on the scope of application, some questions arise.

The use of polystyrene foam as the middle layer of a wall structure is a requirement of Soviet GOST. Today, building facades are covered with this material everywhere.

But when internal use(the blocks face one side into the room) is necessary high quality insulation foamed polymer. That is, it is not enough to simply putty it and paint it. It is necessary to line the wall with fire-resistant plasterboard or glass-magnesite sheets (SML) and apply the finishing touches to them.

This polymer is not dangerous in operation, but in case of fire without proper protection it releases toxic gases. Fire-resistant drywall or plaster will allow people to leave the room before the gases from decomposing polystyrene foam fill it.

To be fair, it must be said that the use of polystyrene foam indoors, provided it is protected from direct contact with fire, is less dangerous than conventional household items - chipboard furniture and decoration (linoleum, curtains, wallpaper and other materials containing flammable polymers).

High quality external finishing permanent formwork is very important, because when direct action Ultraviolet radiation quickly destroys the polymer. Therefore, after finishing the construction of external walls, do not delay with plastering.

Approximate prices

When buying permanent formwork blocks, it is advisable to choose those made of denser polystyrene foam (25-35 kg/m3). They can better withstand the pressure of wet concrete.

The average cost of one block of permanent formwork (1500x250x250 mm, wall 25 mm) made of polystyrene foam with a density of 30 kg/m3 (M25) ranges from 150 to 170 rubles.

The cost of a one and a half meter collapsible block (wall thickness 25 mm) starts at 170 rubles. Its main advantage is the ability to adjust the width by installing jumpers different lengths(150-250 mm).

For harsh climatic conditions, manufacturers produce permanent formwork with increased wall thickness (75 mm). The price of such blocks ranges from 190 to 210 rubles per 1 piece.

In addition to the standard length of 1.5 meters, ordinary meter blocks (1000x250x250 mm) are sold on the market. Their cost starts from 130 rubles per piece.

A house made of permanent formwork is also called a thermal house. And that's why. The walls of the house are initially assembled from hollow polystyrene foam blocks. These voids are then reinforced to provide longitudinal rigidity to the frame and filled with concrete mixture. It turns out to be a single monolithic design. With the thickness of such walls of a house made of permanent formwork being 25 centimeters (standard block size 1200x250x250 mm), its heat saving indicators are comparable to a brick wall 50-65 centimeters thick.

Benefits of technology

Having analyzed the reviews of owners of houses made of permanent formwork, we can highlight the following advantages:

Accelerated time for building a house frame combined with low cost;
The pressure on the foundation is reduced, which makes it possible to reduce its cost;
No need to use powerful lifting mechanisms(they may be required for laying floor slabs);
Pouring the concrete mixture can be done using a low-pressure concrete pump or manually through a funnel specially designed for this purpose;
High thermal efficiency of walls;
The ability to build a house of any configuration, ease of assembly of the frame (the blocks are easily sawed and attached according to the Lego principle);
Long service life of a structure built using this technology;
The strength of the walls, with their smaller thickness, is comparable to brick;
Increasing the usable volume of the room;
Insulation (as well as sound insulation) of the constructed walls is not required, except for buildings located in cold climatic conditions. For areas with low temperatures, blocks of increased thickness (up to 50 cm) are produced;
Reducing heating costs in the house;
A large selection of types of polystyrene foam formwork elements (corner elements, blocks with plugs for making openings, etc. are available);
Simplicity of finishing. Such walls do not need leveling before finishing work. Any can be used for them Decoration Materials(siding, non-combustible drywall, ceramic tiles, etc.);
A house built using polystyrene foam permanent formwork is not susceptible to rotting, mold, or destruction by rodents;
Possibility of laying communications (cables, pipes) inside the walls. For this purpose, the blocks have special holes for this;
The corners of the building have precise geometry;
The possibility of using blocks of such formwork for constructing a strip foundation. To waterproof such a foundation, it is sufficient to install a drainage system.

Disadvantages of technology

The disadvantages of polystyrene foam permanent formwork include:

There is a danger of destruction of unprotected polystyrene foam walls when interacting with aggressive liquids (gasoline, solvents, acids, etc.). Therefore, such walls require mandatory finishing;
Limiting the load on the walls of the building (for example, the pressure on a load-bearing wall should not exceed 70 kilograms);
Release of harmful toxic substances when foam is heated. Therefore, protection with the help of special fireproof layers is often used.

Important! Some owners of such buildings prefer to dismantle inner layer expanded polystyrene. You can tear off the foam inside. It is worth noting that in this case the heat capacity of the walls decreases.

Due to the poor vapor conductivity of such formwork, it is necessary to carefully design the ventilation in the house;
Mandatory grounding of the house is required.

What buildings are being built using this technology?

There are practically no restrictions here. Using this technology the following can be built:

private houses, dachas, cottages;
low-rise apartment buildings up to 9 floors high;
outbuildings (shed, chicken coop, etc.);
warehouses, hangars;
sports facilities (swimming pools, ice arenas, sports and recreation centers);
various public spaces.

Important points

According to reviews from the owners of such houses, we can give advice - do not use permanent formwork from little-known companies. The density of polystyrene foam in it should be at least 25-35 kg/m3. Otherwise it is fraught with:

crumbling or cracking of polystyrene foam blocks, which will subsequently lead to a spill concrete mixture from formwork;
curvature of the formwork under the weight of concrete and, as a result, unevenness of the walls;
inconvenience of laying reinforcement and tying formwork blocks together;
release of toxic substances during building operation;
and ultimately, a loss of time and money.

Before purchasing formwork of this type, be sure to ask the seller to present a hygienic certificate for it.

Other types of industrial permanent formwork

These types include:

Expanded clay concrete blocks. They look like cinder blocks in appearance. This is the very first type of permanent formwork. Today it is rarely used due to high cost and the need for insulation.
Glass-magnesite structures. They are lightweight, but cannot be used for load-bearing walls.
Arbilite structures. Consist of cement and wood shavings. They have high thermal insulation properties, but are quite expensive.

You can make permanent formwork yourself from moisture resistant plywood, cement particle boards or sheets flat slate. It turns out to be quite durable and resistant to moisture. However, the wall has low thermal insulation properties. Therefore, the building will need to be insulated, for example with mineral wool. You will also need enhanced waterproofing and fasteners.

As soon as new technologies appear, information war immediately begins, which has many rumors and speculations. IN construction industry in the same way, as soon as a new innovative technology for constructing houses using permanent formwork appeared, supporters of traditional methods launched anti-agitation and are trying in every way to discredit the main material of houses made from permanent formwork - polystyrene foam.

At the same time, the material itself has high performance properties, durability, low cost and other advantages. We will try to refute all the myths and misconceptions associated with expanded polystyrene and blocks made from it.

Misconception 1 – the house will “float” from any flood.

These speculations are based only on a complete misunderstanding construction technology associated with this material. Where do such arguments come from? Some people confuse permanent formwork and sandwich panels, which are used for frame houses. Yes, polystyrene foam is used for houses of this type, but only as insulation! And during a flood, such a house floats like Matchbox along the stream.

In the case when a house is being built using permanent formwork, it is used monolithic concrete, the mass of which reaches 350 kg/m2. Further, this technology includes the use of reinforced stubble to connect the walls and foundation to each other. The rods are immersed in the foundation in advance, and as a result a monolithic structure is formed. This provides not only flood resistance, but also earthquake resistance, resistance to hurricanes and temperature changes.

Misconception 2 – walls are easy to break

Again, this speculation is related to sandwich panels. The monolith layer is at least 15 cm, excluding the plaster layer. It is very stupid to talk about the fragility of such thickness. And we note that the walls are reinforced with metal rods and mesh, located every 5 cm - good impact resistance is ensured. The roof, walls and foundation are a monolith, which almost impossible to break. Withstands colossal loads.

Misconception 3 – the material is harmful to health

Speculation that polystyrene foam is harmful is completely unfounded. The Association of European Manufacturers conducted an experiment: when this material burns at a temperature of 300 degrees, toxic substances are released, but their quantity is an order of magnitude lower. Than during the combustion of wood, leather, chipboard, rubber and others. No other harmful factors were identified. The composition of polystyrene foam includes only mineral substances that even mice don't eat! The material does not interact with salt, water, lime, or cement.

Misconception 4 – polystyrene foam burns like a matchbox

It is worth noting that this building material include fire retardant additives that do not support combustion at all. Also note that the polystyrene foam wall is plastered with a layer whose thickness is at least 3-5 centimeters. This ensures maximum fire safety. There is no direct impact of fire on the polystyrene foam itself, since the thickness of the reinforced formwork (monolithic concrete and metal rods) is at least 5 centimeters.

Misconception 5 – the material has not been studied enough

The history of expanded polystyrene goes back more than 70 years. Over the past 12 years, the material has been thoroughly tested for flammability, flammability, toxicity, degradation, aging and other studies. According to test data, polystyrene foam does not change in the temperature range from -40 to +60 degrees. In construction, expanded polystyrene has been tested for life cycle at 60 years old - without destruction.

with the use of permanent formwork made of polystyrene foam has become widespread relatively recently. The relevance of this method is determined by the high thermal insulation properties of the walls. It’s not for nothing that one of the names of the technology is thermohouse.

Types of permanent formwork made of polystyrene foam

There are two main types of permanent polystyrene foam formwork: panel and block.

Panel formwork

It refers to large-sized elements that can be 2-3 meters in length and height.

To connect the plates in one plane, special brackets are used, and to connect opposite walls, fasteners in the form of metal or plastic ties are used. Most manufacturers produce panels with profiled ends - this ensures higher tightness of the joints.

This type of permanent formwork is often used for pouring insulated foundations and bases, as well as for monolithic walls during the construction of industrial facilities. Due to this, it is often called universal.

The advantage of the view is that you can change the distance between the walls of the formwork by adjusting the length of the screed.

The disadvantage is the more complex assembly and simple (“straightforward”) geometry.

Block permanent formwork

More common is permanent formwork made of small-sized blocks, which are two parallel small plates connected by ties. Formwork blocks can be permanent or detachable. In the first case, the plates and ties of the block are made of polystyrene foam in the form of a single hollow structure, in the second, the plates are assembled into a block using plastic perforated ties.

Two main types of blocks (corner and straight) make it possible to assemble formwork of a simple shape. Door and window openings are decorated using end caps.

Use of shaped blocks (can be ordered by individual project) allow you to install formwork for a building of any geometry. The wider the range of block formwork, the more complex the architectural forms.

As a rule, the end connection of blocks in the vertical plane is provided using a tongue-and-groove profile, and the joining of blocks in the horizontal plane is made according to the Lego principle.

Features of the technology

The technology for constructing panel formwork from polystyrene foam boards is, in principle, no different from standard panel formwork. The only difference is that after the concrete has matured, the slabs are not dismantled, but are left as insulation.

Technology monolithic construction using block formwork differs from the usual. In fact, at the first stage it resembles the construction of a house from large-format building blocks - row installation occurs with offset vertical seams. The only difference is that vertical reinforcement must come out of the base, onto which the blocks are “placed.”

At the second stage, the pins protruding from the base are extended and knitted with horizontal rods, forming a reinforcing frame. The connection of the reinforcement into the frame occurs exclusively with the help of wire - welding is not recommended due to the flammability of polystyrene foam (despite the use of the self-extinguishing grade PSB-S).

Despite the “correct” geometry and “clear” connection of the blocks, it is necessary to periodically monitor and adjust the levels.

After assembling the third row of block formwork, concrete is poured (according to the rules of monolithic construction - the entire volume at one time or several times, but without long breaks). Filling is carried out until the middle of the third row, after which the laying of the next rows of block formwork begins.

Expanded polystyrene is a rather fragile material, it must be protected from mechanical damage, the effect of ultraviolet radiation is also harmful to it. The outer part of the facade can be plastered, tiled or faced with brick. Internal walls are plastered and sheathed wall panels or drywall.

Advantages and disadvantages

High degree of thermal insulation and no need for additional insulation- this is not the only advantage of permanent formwork technology.

In fact, these are prefabricated sandwich panels “in reverse” - the load-bearing hard layer is in the middle. Therefore, if compared with an ordinary monolithic house with the same degree of thermal insulation, the following advantages can be cited:

reducing the thickness of the walls, which means reducing the load on the ground;
savings on the zero cycle and foundation construction;
volume reduction concrete works;
reduction of transportation costs for delivery ready solution or components for making concrete mix on site.

Another factor that reduces work time is the “non-removable” formwork. Even in comparison with sliding formwork technology, the pace of construction is much higher.

The advantages include the low water absorption of polystyrene foam - it will not absorb water from the concrete solution at the maturation stage (which is important for its proper hydration) and will not let excess moisture during operation.

Disadvantages common to all polymers:

flammability: the addition of fire retardants reduces the risk of fire and reduces the possibility of fire spreading, but does not eliminate the release of toxic substances during a fire;
low vapor permeability requires the mandatory arrangement of a well-thought-out ventilation system.

Other permanent formwork materials

Slabs and blocks made of composite materials based on cement and wood processing waste (plus other binders and additives) can be used as permanent formwork.

These include:

chip-cement slabs and blocks;
fiberboard;

Basically, this is panel permanent formwork, which is installed according to general rules.

An exception is a system that has a building block format.

The general disadvantage of these materials is that they do not have such high thermal insulation properties as expanded polystyrene.

To compensate for this disadvantage, some permanent formwork systems use the same polystyrene foam for insulation.

So, there are materials for the outer wall of the formwork made from a chip-cement board with a polystyrene foam board glued on the inside. And polystyrene foam inserts are inserted into the internal voids of block systems before pouring concrete.

The classic version of the form for the foundation and walls in monolithic houses is a temporary structure made of wood and chipboard. Permanent formwork made of polystyrene foam is an alternative construction method that does not involve the presence of waste. This design increases the strength of the building and improves its energy efficiency, acting as thermal insulation. However, such material has some features that cannot be ignored.

Manufacturers of this material point to its many advantages compared to standard construction formwork options. These advantages need to be known to every person who has decided to use a non-removable type of polystyrene foam construction.

The advantage of permanent formwork made from this material primarily lies in the fact that such a structure has auxiliary functions. The main one is the organization of the form for the walls and foundation of a monolithic building. Due to its physical properties, polystyrene foam is good insulation. This is very important property, since formwork of this type is not dismantled after the concrete has hardened.

If formwork boards are used, they must be dismantled. Wood is not a thermal insulator, so polystyrene foam blocks are considered a better investment. Permanent formwork made of this material allows you to build a lightweight concrete structure. Moreover, such a building retains 30-35% more heat than a structure with a red brick analogue. Thus, the use of expanded polystyrene allows you to reduce the costs of other materials from which the foundation or walls are made.

An alternative to polystyrene foam forms is plastic formwork. The price for this design is slightly higher, but it is more reliable. Non-removable plastic elements can be purchased at a hardware store or you can order them online.

Another advantage of such forms is that they protect reinforced concrete from moisture. IN winter period this is especially important. As a result, thanks to polystyrene foam blocks, the service life of the foundation and walls increases by approximately 20%. Quite often, it is this fact that pushes people to use such formwork for building a house. Elements of various shapes and dimensions are made from expanded polystyrene.

Note! Constructing a building using polystyrene molds reduces financial expenses by about a third.

The price of floor formwork made from polystyrene foam is usually the determining factor when choosing it. However, the most useful property of such forms is that their use allows you to preserve the structure of concrete at low temperatures (but not lower than +5 °C). In this case, the concrete hardens in a normal mode, which has a positive effect on its qualities after hardening.

In turn, filling concrete material into a wooden form gives a completely different result. In such formworks (at low temperatures), concrete hardens faster and its structure is damaged.

Fixed polystyrene foam formwork: design flaws

Such designs also have their drawbacks. Some of them are quite significant. For example, one of the most serious disadvantages is the fact that a building made using such formwork cannot be reconstructed. Therefore, it is recommended to think through its design in advance. In addition, all communications located in the structure must be laid during the construction phase.

A house made of permanent formwork is made taking into account certain rules, which are very important to follow in order to obtain reliable construction resistant to unfavorable factors environment. Blocks made from polystyrene foam require careful installation. It is very important to maintain tightness, as otherwise moisture will penetrate into the voids.

Another disadvantage of this technology for the construction of residential buildings is that polystyrene foam forms cannot be used at temperatures below +5 °C. In such a situation, the concrete simply will not harden. IN hot weather Concrete requires additional moisture, otherwise it will not harden properly.

It is also worth noting that permanent formwork blocks made of polystyrene foam interfere with the normal ventilation of the concrete structure. The solution to the problem in this case is to install ventilation communications. This coercive system will provide the necessary ventilation while maintaining the high efficiency of the fixed structure.

Types of permanent formworkdepending on the material of manufacture

Before starting installation, it is necessary to study the various options for permanent formwork that can be purchased today on the construction market. The main feature by which these products are classified is the material of manufacture. The choice of raw materials depends on the complexity of the future construction and its individual characteristics. Let's consider what raw materials are most often used to make concrete forms.

Expanded polystyrene. Many people are interested in the question of what polystyrene foam is. This material is a standard raw material used in the production of permanent formwork. The second name for expanded polystyrene is gas-filled foam. It is characterized by a number of positive qualities, which determine the popularity of using forms made from it.

Helpful information! Expanded polystyrene has fairly high strength characteristics and provides reliable thermal insulation for concrete.

Arbolit. This material includes 2 main components: wood shavings and concrete. Individual elements of permanent wood concrete formwork are presented in blocks. They have empty spaces, which are reinforced and filled with mortar during installation. The advantage of this raw material is that it has high strength. The soundproofing qualities of wood concrete are also its strong point. The disadvantages of this material used for the manufacture of formwork include low thermal insulation and high cost.

Fibrolite. This raw material, like the previous one, consists of 2 components. The first one is wood shavings, which provides a fibrous structure individual elements such formwork. The second component is represented by an inorganic binder. The main advantage of such formwork is its resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Chip cement. This material is considered less popular than the above options for permanent formwork. The technology for installing woodchip cement has its own nuances. Of the advantages of this material, it is worth highlighting good sound insulation and resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Economical option: permanent foam formwork

Today it is possible to install permanent formwork from foam boards. This option is quite common, as it allows you to significantly save money when building a house. Penoplex is a material used for insulation and has good strength characteristics. This allows it to be used as concrete forms.

Penoplex slabs have dimensions of 60x100 cm. The dimensions of these products prevail over the parameters of standard structures made of polystyrene foam. In order to install formwork around a polystyrene foam house, it is necessary to correctly calculate the material. It is also important to understand that similar products do not have their own locking elements. Thus, before purchasing material, it is necessary to think over a system for fastening individual parts to each other.

The use of penoplex allows you to reduce financial costs to a minimum. This is especially true when compared to the costs required to build a standard structure. Floor formwork on telescopic racks, wall panels and the use of plywood will cost much more.

Helpful information! A common option for organizing fastening parts is the use of special jumpers, which are equipped with threads along the edges. Such elements are made from reinforcement. The main thing to remember is that such jumpers are installed between foam boards.

This design option is less expensive, but at the same time more complex due to the selection of clamps. The price of permanent formwork made of polystyrene foam is higher, but its installation does not require unnecessary steps. If necessary, you can purchase clamps for foam boards, which are used when installing polystyrene foam structures.

Fixed foam formwork: types of structural parts

Formwork elements may have different designs, which is determined by their operational purpose. Today there are such options for these products made from polystyrene foam:

panels;

blocks (cast and prefabricated);
frame systems.

Frame systems are double-circuit structures with empty space between the walls. When installing such formwork, reinforcement is laid inside and the solution is poured. If you make a cut finished wall made using this technology, it will be possible to distinguish three layers: two outer layers, represented by formwork, and the middle one, made of reinforced concrete.

Foam blocks are divided into two large groups: cast and prefabricated. During the assembly of the formwork, these elements are aligned so that they are located on top of each other. Moreover, no adhesive mixtures (for example, glue) are used for joining. The blocks are laid out in a checkerboard pattern.

Cast products are also called thermoblock. This is due to the fact that they have a fairly high density (up to 40 kg/m³). Features of the structure influence thermal insulation characteristics. A block of this type consists of 2 sheets, which are joined together using special jumpers. The assembly of such parts and the connection of their individual elements are carried out at the manufacturing stage. It is worth noting that such structures have one drawback: they warm up rather poorly. This is due to the location of the insulation with inside pie wall.

The sizes of blocks of cast foam formwork may vary. However standard option Products with dimensions of 1000x250x250 mm are considered. The mass of such a block is usually about 1 kg. The thickness of the insulation located on both sides (outside) is 50 mm. Accordingly, the same indicator of the concrete layer will be 150 mm.

The insulation in the forms used to pour concrete can be different. The future characteristics of the structure depend on the choice of insulator material. It is important to remember that such a layer traditionally performs two main functions. The first of them is shape-forming, and the second is thermal insulation. Depending on the type of blocks, the cost of polystyrene foam varies. How much are Various types forms? Pricing takes into account the design, as well as the thickness of the insulation layer.

Note! It is not recommended to carry out concreting in more than 3 rows. Ideal option the concrete will be laid in 2.5 rows, since in this case the seam will be located in the middle of the block.

Prefabricated polystyrene foam blocks for formwork

Formwork can be represented by prefabricated elements, which differ from cast ones in their structure and have some application features. These blocks consist of two sheets, which are assembled into a single structure before starting installation work. It is important to note that such elements can be made not only from expanded polystyrene, but also from other materials. The distance between sheets 1 and 2 remains unchanged due to special components called spacers.

Building a house from permanent formwork of this type has several features that need to be emphasized. The main difference between prefabricated forms is that their use allows the use of more than 3 layers in the walls. Moreover, the combination of materials in this case does not play a role, while buildings made using cast blocks require strict adherence to the sequence of materials. Insulation in such a situation will always be located outside.

A common solution is a pie wall, which includes two facing layers of rigid sheet material. Place close to the outer sheet of this type insulating material(expanded polystyrene). The second layer in this situation is reinforced concrete.

The design of a house made from permanent formwork is prepared in advance. It contains all the necessary data indicating design features, dimensions and individual solutions in accordance with the situation.

It is worth noting that such forms have one significant advantage over their cast counterparts. It lies in the fact that, if necessary, you can change the width of the internal cavity into which the reinforcement is laid and the solution is poured. This indicator is changed by using spacers. If such a need arises, longer retaining elements can be purchased.

All costs must be indicated in the formwork estimate. The device, prices, dimensions of individual elements - all this is recommended to be noted in the preliminary installation diagram.

The design features of prefabricated forms affect the degree of wall heating. The absence of polystyrene allows this figure to be increased. If necessary, collapsible structures used for the construction of buildings can be made with your own hands.

Installation of formwork for strip foundations: installation features

The most popular type of foundation used for self-construction houses and other buildings - strip. Before organizing such a foundation, it is necessary to carry out the appropriate preparatory work. They include project development and construction site preparation. In addition, you need to mark the area allocated for the construction of the foundation.

The installation of formwork for a strip foundation is not particularly complicated, but there are some nuances that need to be known and observed. For example, it is recommended to fill in layers. The process itself occurs as follows: the cavity located in the block is filled with a concrete solution, after which all that remains is to wait for it to harden.

Helpful information! The organization of fittings is not prerequisite. It is installed if there is a need to increase the strength characteristics of the structure.

The reinforcement is tied inside the block elements. There is no need to dismantle the polystyrene foam, as it will act as a heat insulator. It is important to remember that before you start pouring cement mortar, you will need to check the accuracy of the placement of the blocks in the ditch.

If necessary, permanent formwork for a polystyrene foam foundation is strengthened with the help of additional elements. It is very important to achieve the correct base geometry. This technology has many advantages. When using permanent blocks made of expanded polystyrene, the cost of organizing the foundation is reduced by at least a third.

Formwork for a monolithic foundation: Self-installation steps

After organizing the foundation of the future structure, you can begin installing the formwork. This operation is conventionally divided into three stages: installing blocks, tying reinforcement and pouring mortar. Each stage is carried out in accordance with building codes and rules. During work it is necessary to observe safety precautions. Let's look at each stage in more detail.

Installation of blocks. First, the first row of the form is installed, which will be used to pour concrete. It is worth noting that installation is carried out only on a waterproofed base surface. The formwork for the polystyrene foam foundation must be tightly fixed using reinforcement rods. These elements are the connecting link between the base and the formwork itself.

Experts advise checking the accuracy of the work performed, as deviations from the original design dimensions are possible. The presence of outlets for partitions is also a very important point that needs to be paid attention to. After organizing the first row, you can begin laying the second. The technology for installing blocks involves a chessboard system, in which each subsequent row is shifted relative to the previous one. As a result, the joint of the elements of the first row should fall in the middle of the block of the second strip.

Knitting reinforcement. Installation of a metal structure is one of the most important aspects of organizing any type of construction project. Reinforcement is used to strengthen foundations, walls, and monolithic ceilings. The formwork for the foundation, consisting of blocks that are laid in rows, must be surrounded around the perimeter with rods located in a horizontal plane.

In order to simplify the installation of fittings, each block has special grooves that are located in the jumpers (internal). Horizontal rods are mounted in such a way that each subsequent element overlaps the previous one (overlapping). Next, the rods are connected to each other, as well as to vertical elements using a special wire.

Note! Reinforcement not only increases the strength of the structure, but also reduces the pressure of cement on the mold.

Pouring the solution. Before you start pouring permanent formwork with your own hands, it is recommended to take care of laying communications inside the forming structure. The cement mortar used for formwork must not contain foreign additives or impurities (for example, crushed stone). The operation itself is quite simple. Pouring is carried out step by step, and the height of the concrete layer should not exceed 1 m. This indicator corresponds to the size of 3-4 permanent blocks of the structure.

The price of permanent formwork for the foundation is lower than the cost of standard analogues, which involve the use of plywood and boards. It is important to remember that the poured solution requires leveling. For these purposes, a special tool is used - a vibrator. If you do not have the necessary electrical equipment, you can use a regular bayonet shovel.

Permanent formwork for walls: casting technology

Independent use of such a wall casting technique requires understanding technological process. Most often, this type of construction is used by non-professionals in the case of the construction of private one-story houses, and garage structures. The construction of formwork made of polystyrene foam can be done alone. However, several people will complete the installation of walls much faster.

The advantage of using polystyrene foam molds is that they are lightweight. Thus, physical activity in this case is reduced to a minimum. Before starting construction, it is necessary to study the step-by-step algorithm of actions and nuances that will allow you to answer the question of how to properly make the formwork.

It is recommended to install walls made using this method on a strip foundation. This base is best suited for construction using permanent foam molds. It is important to remember that the use of cement mortar to fill walls often imposes a certain limitation on the number of rows of blocks. Experts advise placing 4 rows of forms, and they must be securely connected to the base of the building through reinforcement.

Helpful information! It is not recommended to pour all the concrete at once. First, you should perform a partial pour and wait some time for the solution to shrink. As a rule, this procedure takes no more than 3-4 hours. Next, the cement mortar is added.

When constructing monolithic structures, special forms are often used for casting walls - shields. They are connected using special coupling bolts and form a gap into which concrete is poured. Such products can have different dimensions. For example, their maximum height is 3.3 m, and their width ranges from 0.25 to 2.4 m. After the solution hardens, this structure is dismantled. The size of the formwork panel is selected depending on the individual characteristics of the structure being built.

It is worth noting that another feature of permanent formwork used to fill walls is its instability. This is due to the fact that the concrete poured into molds has a large mass. Thus, even blocks laid in 4 rows and equipped with reinforcement require daily waiting. This time is quite enough for the solution to settle and thicken.

When installing permanent blocks made of expanded polystyrene, special attention must be paid to their joining. Individual structural elements must be connected with special care so that the surface of the first rows is as smooth as possible. Otherwise, when adding subsequent rows, the wall may collapse due to their distortion.

An alternative to polystyrene foam is plastic. Plastic formwork for monolithic construction is used when it is necessary to ensure good strength and rigidity of the structure. The advantage of such products is that they are highly wear-resistant.

Cladding work allows not only to give a wall cast in formwork a complete look, but also to enhance its protective characteristics. Finishing is carried out on almost all types of structures. After pouring the wall, as a rule, there is no need to level it. This is determined by the design of the forms. Thus, there is no need to apply a thick layer of plaster.

There is no point in saving on the finishing of walls and other surfaces, since the total cost of work is already reduced due to the use of polystyrene foam. The price of this material is much lower than the cost traditional options formwork

Most often, a special mesh, which can be made of fiberglass or metal, is sufficient to decorate the wall. This mesh is connected to the concrete surface using adhesive composition, after which it is sealed with plaster or putty.

It is in this way that not only standard rectangular walls are processed, but also round columns. The formwork for such structures is most often made of plastic. There are also cardboard forms.

Note! In addition to standard finishing methods outer surface concrete, there are other, no less popular options. For example, very often tiles and artificial stone are used as cladding.

For interior wall decoration it is usually used plasterboard material. Installation of gypsum boards is carried out in two ways - using profile elements or glue. This cladding method is very popular not only due to its simplicity and effectiveness, but also because this material provides good sound insulation.

Racks for organizing a permanent form of floors

The traditional option for organizing floors in monolithic or any other buildings involves the use of special telescopic (sliding) racks. These products are used to fix temporary flooring, which is made from moisture-resistant plywood for formwork. This method is not convenient, as it requires a lot of time and quite a lot of physical exertion.

The stand, which plays a supporting role, consists of several structural elements. The lower part of the telescopic product is equipped with a tripod, which ensures the stability of the pipe. In turn, in the upper part there is a special attachment, which is necessary for capturing and holding the construction beam - the crossbar. All racks for floor formwork are divided into two categories depending on the location of the thread. Some of them are equipped with open threads, while others are equipped with closed threads.

The pipe, which has a smaller cross-section, is distinguished by the presence of special holes along its entire length. The pitch of the holes can be different - from 11 to 17.5 cm. Outer pipe equipped with a support nut. As a result, when it becomes necessary to fix the rack at a certain level, a special earring is threaded through the holes in the pipes. This element has a support (nut), so it is held in the desired position.

Telescopic formwork posts can vary in length. This figure ranges from 1.7 to 4.5 m. They can withstand quite heavy loads (up to 4 tons). It is worth noting that such support products are made of metal, so they are coated with special anti-corrosion compounds, since steel can rust.

Permanent formwork for floors: features and characteristics

Unlike the standard method, which involves the presence of support posts, polystyrene foam formwork for floors it has a completely different installation technology. As the basis for such a system, special matrices are used, which are made from dense and durable polystyrene foam.

Such matrices should be laid on load-bearing walls. The advantage of this method is that these elements are lightweight, so their installation does not require serious physical effort.

Note! Before starting work, it is necessary to calculate the floor formwork.

Docking the matrices together is quite simple. Each product is equipped with a tongue-and-groove connection system. Thus, any person who does not have experience in this field can perform such an installation. Thanks to the tongue-and-groove system, it becomes possible to quickly organize a continuous flooring.

This formwork is for monolithic ceiling capable of withstanding a layer of concrete up to 15 cm thick. As a rule, this value is quite sufficient for organizing reliable design. Before you start pouring concrete, it is necessary to place reinforcement between the joint areas of the floor elements. Metal carcass must be assembled into a continuous beam that occupies the entire width of the gap.

Then on top of the matrices you need to place reinforcing mesh. It is made of rods whose diameter ranges from 10 to 15 mm. The reinforcement is knitted traditional way– using a special wire.

The final stage of creating volumetric floor formwork involves pouring concrete, after which you need to wait for it to harden. In this way, floors are organized using polystyrene foam matrices. The result of this process is robust design, which can withstand significant loads.

After the cement mortar hardens, the formwork made of polystyrene foam is not dismantled. It remains in the ceiling pie and from that moment begins to perform a thermal insulation function. This method of organizing the structure is more technologically advanced when compared with traditional method, taking into account the use of removable beams for floor formwork.

It's important to remember that independent use Such technology requires an understanding of its nuances. The main thing is that even before starting work, you need to know that laying the floor elements requires care. Any design errors or displacement of blocks during their installation can lead to the collapse of the structure.

Permanent formwork: pricesin the modern market

The cost of the blocks is an important point to pay attention to. The price of building blocks from which permanent formwork is made is influenced by two key factors:

density of expanded polystyrene;
dimensions of parts.

The price of permanent formwork for a polystyrene foam foundation must be taken into account construction estimate. When choosing individual elements of the forming structure, it is recommended to pay attention to their density. This indicator affects the resistance of the structure to pressure. The higher the density of the parts, the correspondingly higher loads they can withstand.

Note! Experts advise purchasing blocks whose density ranges from 25 to 35 kg/m³.

The average cost of a block made of polystyrene foam is approximately 160 rubles. It is worth considering that this price corresponds to products with dimensions of 1500x250x250 mm, having a density of 30 kg/m³. Structures 1.5 m long have an adjustment function due to the installation of jumpers different sizes(15-25 cm). Products whose length is 1 m are cheaper - from 130 rubles. for 1 piece

If you plan to use standard construction technology, then it is recommended to study the cost various materials. The price of telescopic stands depends on the features of their design and the manufacturer. Currently, these supporting elements can be purchased for 500-5000 rubles. It is not recommended to buy the cheapest materials and tools, as they most often have low technical characteristics.

Support elements are used to hold wooden structure, which is made from laminated plywood for formwork. The price of 1 sheet of such material varies from 600 to 3000 rubles.

Fixed forms are a good alternative to standard structures that are assembled from wood and plywood. Such formwork allows not only to pour concrete, but also serves as a reliable thermal insulation material. It is actively used in private construction, but requires study installation instructions and compliance with safety regulations.