When designing heating systems, a mandatory step is to calculate the power of heating devices. The result obtained largely influences the choice of one or another equipment - heating radiators and heating boilers (if the project is carried out for private houses not connected to central heating systems).
The most popular batteries at the moment are those made in the form of interconnected sections. In this article we will talk about how to calculate the number of radiator sections.
Methods for calculating the number of battery sections
In order to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators, you can use three main methods. The first two are quite easy, but they give only an approximate result, which is suitable for typical premises of multi-story buildings. This includes the calculation of radiator sections by room area or volume. Those. in this case, it is enough to find out the required parameter (area or volume) of the room and insert it into the appropriate formula for calculation.
The third method involves the use of many different coefficients for calculations that determine the heat loss of the room. This includes the size and type of windows, floor, type of wall insulation, ceiling height and other criteria that affect heat loss. Heat loss can also occur for various reasons related to errors and shortcomings during the construction of a house. For example, there is a cavity inside the walls, the insulation layer has cracks, there is a defect in building material etc. Thus, searching for all the causes of heat leakage is one of the mandatory conditions to perform an accurate calculation. For this purpose, thermal imagers are used, which display on the monitor the places of heat leakage from the room.
All this is done in order to select a radiator power that compensates for the total heat loss. Let's consider each method of calculating battery sections separately and give a clear example for each of them.
Calculation of the number of radiator sections by room area
This method is the simplest. To obtain the result, you will need to multiply the area of the room by the value of the radiator power required to heat 1 sq.m. This value is given in SNiP, and it is:
- 60-100W for the middle climatic zone of Russia (Moscow);
- 120-200W for areas located further north.
The calculation of radiator sections according to the average power parameter is carried out by multiplying it by the value of the room area. So, 20 sq.m. will require for heating: 20 * 60 (100) = 1200 (2000) W
Next, the resulting number must be divided by the power value of one radiator section. To find out how much area 1 radiator section is designed for, just open the equipment data sheet. Let's assume that the power of the section is 200 W, and the total power required for heating is 1600 W (let's take the arithmetic average). All that remains is to clarify how many radiator sections are needed per 1 m2. To do this, divide the value of the required power for heating by the power of one section: 1600/200 =8
Result: to heat a room of 20 square meters. m. you will need an 8-section radiator (provided that the power of one section is 200W).
Calculating sections of heating radiators based on the area of the room gives only an approximate result. In order not to make a mistake with the number of sections, it is best to make calculations on the condition that for heating 1 sq.m. 100W power required.
This, as a result, will increase the overall costs of installing the heating system, and therefore such a calculation is not always appropriate, especially with a limited budget. The following method will give a more accurate, but still the same approximate result.
The method of this calculation is similar to the previous one, except that now from SNiP you will need to find out the power value for heating not 1 sq.m., but a cubic meter of room. According to SNiP this is:
- 41W for heating premises of panel-type buildings; 34W for brick houses.
As an example, let's take the same room of 20 square meters. m., and set the conditional ceiling height to 2.9 m. In this case, the volume will be equal to: 20 * 2.9 = 58 cubic meters
From this: 58*41 =2378 W for a panel house 58*34 =1972 W for brick house
Let us divide the results obtained by the power value of one section. Total: 2378/200 =11.89 ( panel house) 1972/200 =9.86 (brick house)
If you round up to a larger number, then to heat a room of 20 square meters. m. of a panel house you will need 12-section radiators, and for a brick house 10-section radiators. And this figure is also approximate. In order to calculate with high accuracy how many battery sections are needed for space heating, it is necessary to use more in a complicated way, which will be discussed below.
To carry out an accurate calculation in general formula special coefficients are introduced that can either increase (increase factor) the value of the minimum radiator power for heating the room or decrease it (reduction factor).
In fact, there are many factors influencing the power value, but we will use those that are easy to calculate and easy to operate with. The coefficient depends on the values following parameters premises:
- Ceiling height:
- At a height of 2.5 m the coefficient is 1;
- At 3m – 1.05;
- At 3.5m – 1.1;
- At 4m – 1.15.
- Type of glazing of indoor windows:
- Simple double glass - coefficient is 1.27;
- Double-glazed window - 1;
- Triple glazing – 0.87.
- Percentage of window area from total area premises (for ease of determination, you can divide the window area by the area of the room and then multiply by 100):
- If the result of the calculation is 50%, a coefficient of 1.2 is taken;
- 40-50% – 1,1;
- 30-40% – 1;
- 20-30% – 0,9;
- 10-20% – 0,8.
- Thermal insulation of walls:
- Low level thermal insulation - coefficient is 1.27;
- Good thermal insulation (two bricks or 15-20cm insulation) – 1.0;
- Increased thermal insulation (wall thickness from 50cm or insulation from 20cm) – 0.85.
- Average value minimum temperature in winter, which can last a week:
- -35 degrees – 1.5;
- -25 – 1,3;
- -20 – 1,1;
- -15 – 0,9;
- -10 – 0,7.
- Number of external (end) walls:
- 1 end wall – 1,1;
- 2 walls – 1.2;
- 3 walls – 1.3.
- Type of room above the heated room:
- Unheated attic – 1;
- Heated attic – 0.9;
- Heated living space - 0.85.
From here it is clear that if the coefficient is above one, then it is considered increasing, if lower - decreasing. If its value is one, then it does not affect the result in any way. To make the calculation, you need to multiply each of the coefficients by the value of the room area and the average specific value heat losses per 1 sq.m., which is (according to SNiP) 100 W.
Thus, we have the formula: Q_T= γ*S*K_1*…*K_7,where
- Q_T – required power of all radiators to heat the room; γ – average value heat loss per 1 sq.m., i.e. 100W; S – total area of the room; K_1…K_7 – coefficients influencing the amount of heat loss.
- Room area – 18 sq.m.;
- Ceiling height – 3m;
- Window with regular double glass;
- The window area is 3 sq.m., i.e. 3/18*100 = 16.6%;
- Thermal insulation – double brick;
- The minimum outside temperature for a week straight is -20 degrees;
- One end (external) wall;
- The room above is a heated living room.
Now let's replace literal values into numbers and we get: Q_T= 100*18*1.05*1.27*0.8*1*1.3*1.1*0.85≈2334 W
It remains to divide the result by the power value of one radiator section. Let's assume that n is equal to 160W: 2334/160 =14.5
Those. for heating a room of 18 sq.m. and the given heat loss coefficients, you will need a radiator with 15 sections (rounded up).
There is another one easy way how to calculate radiator sections based on the material they are made of. In fact, this method does not give an exact result, but it helps to estimate the approximate number of battery sections that will need to be used in the room.
Heating batteries are usually divided into 3 types depending on the material they are made of. These are bimetallic, which use metal and plastic (usually as outer covering), cast iron and aluminum radiators heating. The calculation of the number of battery sections made of one material or another is the same in all cases. Here it is enough to use the average value of the power that one radiator section can produce and the value of the area that this section can warm up:
- For aluminum batteries it is 180W and 1.8 sq. m;
- Bimetallic – 185W and 2 sq.m.;
- Cast iron - 145W and 1.5 sq.m.
Using a simple calculator, the number of heating radiator sections can be calculated by dividing the area of the room by the area that one radiator section made of the metal of interest can heat. Let's take a room of 18 square meters. m. Then we get:
- 18/1.8 = 10 sections (aluminum);
- 18/2 = 9 (bimetal);
- 18/1.5 = 12 (cast iron).
The area that one radiator section can heat is not always indicated. Manufacturers usually indicate its power. In this case, you will need to calculate the total power required to heat the room using any of the above methods. If we take the calculation by area and the power required to warm up 1 sq.m. in 80 W (according to SNiP), then we get: 20*80=1800/180 =10 sections (aluminum); 20*80=1800/185 =9.7 sections (bimetal); 20*80=1800/145 =12.4 sections (cast iron);
Rounded decimal numbers in one direction, we will get approximately the same result, as in the case of calculations by area.
It is important to understand that calculating the number of sections based on the metal of a radiator is the most inaccurate method. It can help you decide on one battery or another, and nothing else.
And finally, a piece of advice. Almost every heating equipment manufacturer or online store places a special calculator on its website to calculate the number of heating radiator sections. It is enough to enter the required parameters into it, and the program will output the desired result. But, if you don’t trust the robot, then the calculations, as you can see, are quite easy to do yourself, even on a piece of paper.
Still have questions? Call or write to us!
Bimetal radiators, consisting of steel and aluminum parts, are most often purchased as a replacement for failed cast iron batteries. Outdated models of heating devices cannot cope with their main task - good heating premises. In order for the purchase to be of any use, you need to do correct calculation sections of bimetallic heating radiators according to the area of the apartment. How to do it? There are several ways.
Simple and fast calculation method
Before you start replacing old batteries with new radiators, you need to make the correct calculations. All calculations are carried out based on the following considerations:
- Keep in mind that the heat dissipation of a bimetallic radiator will be slightly higher than that of a cast iron counterpart. With a high-temperature heating system (90 °C), the average figures will be 200 and 180 W, respectively;
- It’s okay if the new heating device heats up a little more powerfully than the old one, it’s worse if it’s the other way around;
- Over time, the efficiency of heat transfer will decrease slightly due to blockages in the pipes in the form of deposits of products of the active interaction of water and metal parts.
From everything written above, one conclusion can be drawn - the number of sections of a new bimetallic radiator should be no less than that of a cast iron one. In practice, it usually happens that they install a battery literally 1-2 sections larger - this is a necessary reserve, which will not be superfluous, given the last point of the list above.
Power calculations based on room dimensions
It doesn't matter whether you decide to install radiators in completely new apartment, or you are replacing old stuff left over from Soviet times, you need to calculate the sections bimetallic batteries heating. So, what computational methods exist to select a battery? required power? Taking into account the dimensions of the apartment, calculations are made taking into account either area or volume. The last option is more accurate, but first things first.
Plumbing standards in force throughout Russia determine the minimum power values of heating devices based on 1 square meter dwellings. This value is equal to 100 W (in the conditions of central Russia).
Calculation of bimetallic heating radiators per square meter of room is very simple. Measure the length and width of the room with a tape measure and multiply the resulting values. Multiply the resulting number by 100 W and divide by the heat transfer value for one section.
For example, let's take a room of 3x4 m, this is a small room, and very powerful heaters are not needed here. Here is the calculation formula: K = 3x4x100/200 = 6. In the example given, the heat output of 1 section of the battery is taken to be 200 W.
- the results will be close to maximum accuracy only if the calculations are carried out for a room with ceilings no higher than 3 meters;
- not taken into account in this calculation important factors- number of windows, sizes doorways, presence of insulation in the floor and walls, wall material, etc.;
- the formula is not suitable for places with extremely low temperatures in winter, for example, Siberia and the Far East.
Calculations of sections will be more accurate if all three dimensions are taken into account in the calculations - the length, width and height of the room; in other words, you need to calculate the volume. The calculation is carried out using a similar algorithm as in the previous case, but other values should be taken as a basis. Sanitary standards established for heating at 1 cubic meter- 41 W.
- The volume of the room is: V = 3x4x2.7 = 32.4 m3
- The battery power is calculated by the formula: P = 32.4x41 = 1328.4 W.
- Calculation of the number of cells, formula: K = 1328.4/20 = 6.64 pcs.
The number obtained as a result of calculations is not an integer, so it must be rounded up - 7 pcs. By comparing the values, it is easy to discover that the latter method is more accurate and efficient than calculating battery sections by area.
How to calculate heat losses
More exact calculation will require taking into account one of the unknowns - walls. This is especially true for corner rooms. Let’s assume that the room has the following parameters: height - 2.5 m, width - 3 m, length - 6 m.
Object of calculation in in this case is the outer wall. Calculations are made using the formula: F = a*h.
- F - wall area;
- a - length;
- h - height;
- unit of account is meter.
- According to calculations, it turns out F = 3x2.5 = 7.5 m2. Square balcony doors and windows are subtracted from the total wall area.
- The area has been found, all that remains is to calculate the heat loss. Formula: Q = F*K*(tin + tout).
- F - wall area (m2);
- K is the coefficient of thermal conductivity (its value can be found in SNiPs; for these calculations the value taken is 2.5 (W/m2).
Q = 7.5x2.5x(18+(-21)) = 56.25. The result obtained is added to the other heat loss values: Qroom. = Qwalls+Qwindows+Qdoors. The final number obtained during the calculations is simply divided by the thermal power of one section.
Formula: Qroom/Nsections = number of battery sections.
Correction factors
All the above formulas are accurate only for the middle zone of the Russian Federation and interior spaces with average insulation rates. In reality, absolutely identical rooms do not exist; in order to obtain the most accurate calculation, it is necessary to take into account correction factors by which the result obtained from the formulas should be multiplied:
- corner rooms - 1.3;
- Far North, Far East, Siberia - 1.6;
- take into account the place where the heating device will be installed; decorative screens and boxes conceal up to 25% of the thermal power, and if the battery is also in a niche, then add an additional 7% to energy losses;
- the window requires an increase of 100 W of power, and doorway- 200 W.
For country house the result obtained during the calculations is additionally multiplied by a factor of 1.5 - the attic without heating is taken into account and external walls buildings. However, bimetal batteries are more often installed in apartment buildings than in private buildings due to their high cost, especially compared to batteries made of aluminum.
Effective power accounting
One more parameter cannot be discounted when making calculations about radiators. The documents enclosed with the heater indicate battery power values depending on the type heating system. When choosing heating batteries, take into account the thermal pressure - roughly speaking, this temperature regime coolant supplied to the system heating the house.
In documents for a heating device, a power for a pressure of 60 °C is often found; this value corresponds to a high-temperature heating mode of 90 °C (the temperature of the water supplied to the pipes). This is true for older houses with systems that were in place back in the Soviet times. In modern new buildings, heating technologies of a different type are no longer required for full heating. high temperatures coolant in the pipes. Thermal pressure in new houses is significantly lower - 30 and 50 °C.
To calculate bimetallic heating radiators for an apartment, you need to make simple calculations: multiply the power calculated using the previous formulas by the value of the actual thermal pressure and divide the resulting number by the value indicated in the data sheet. As a rule, such calculations reduce the effective power of radiators.
Take this into account when making calculations - in all formulas, substitute the effective power value that corresponds to the actual thermal pressure in the heating system of your home.
When making calculations, be guided by simple, but important rule- it’s better to make a slightly larger mistake than to endure the cold due to errors in calculations. Russian winters are unpredictable and can be record cold even in middle lane countries, so a small margin of 10% will not be superfluous. To regulate the heat supply, install two taps - one on the bypass, and the second to shut off the coolant supply. By adjusting the taps, you can control the temperature in the room.
Results
So to carry it all out necessary calculations and choose a radiator with a power suitable for your home, use the given calculation formulas, they are simple and quite accurate. The main nuance is exact value actual power of your heating system. By spending a little time with a calculator in your hands, you will avoid mistakes when purchasing heating device, and in winter time your home will always maintain a comfortable temperature.
In the cold season, heating is the most important system communication, which is responsible for comfortable living in the house. Heating radiators are part of this system. The overall temperature of the room will depend on their number and area. Therefore, correctly calculating the number of radiator sections is the key to efficient work the entire system, plus savings in fuel used to heat the coolant.
In this article:
What you need for independent calculations
Things to consider:
- the size of the rooms where they will be installed;
- number of windows and entrance doors, their area;
- the materials from which the house is built (in this case, the walls, floor and ceiling are taken into account);
- location of the room relative to the cardinal directions;
- technical specifications heating device.
If you are not a specialist, it will be very difficult to carry out calculations on your own using all the listed criteria. Therefore, many private developers use a simplified methodology that allows you to calculate only the approximate number of radiators for a room.
If you want to do accurate calculations, use calculation calculations according to SNiP.
Calculation method according to SNiP
Table of approximate calculations
SNiP stipulates that best option the required number of radiator sections depends on the thermal energy they emit. It should be equal to 100 W per 1 m² of room area.
The formula used for calculation is: N=Sx100/P
- N is the number of battery sections;
- S – room area;
- P – section power (this indicator can be viewed in the product data sheet).
But since additional indicators must be taken into account in the calculation, new variables are added to the formula.
Amendments to the formula
- If the house has plastic windows, you can reduce the number of sections by 10%. That is, a coefficient of 0.9 is added for calculation.
- If ceiling height is 2.5 meters, a coefficient of 1.0 is applied. If the ceiling height is greater, then the coefficient increases to 1.1-1.3
- The number and thickness of external walls also affects this parameter: the thicker the walls, the lower the coefficient.
- The number of windows also affects heat loss. Each window adds 5% to the coefficient.
- If there is a heated attic or attic above the room, the number of sections can be reduced specifically in this room.
- Corner room or room with balcony add an additional 1.2 coefficients to the formula.
- Hidden in a niche and closed decorative screen batteries add 15% to the total.
Using additional adjustments, you will find out how many sections you need to put in each room. And you can easily find out how many radiators you need per square meter.
How to calculate the number of sections: example on cast iron batteries
Let's calculate how many radiator cast iron sections must be installed in a room with two two-chamber plastic windows with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, the area of which is 22 m².
Mathematical formula: (22x100/145)x1.05x1.1x0.9=15.77
We round the resulting number to a whole number - we get 16 sections: two batteries for each window, 8 sections each.
Explanation of odds:
- 1.05 is a five percent surcharge for the second window;
- 1.1 is an increase in ceiling height;
- 0.9 is a reduction for installing plastic windows.
Let's be honest - this option, as noted above, is difficult for the average consumer. But there are simplified methods, which will be discussed below.
Influence of material on the number of sections
Developers often face a question in the context of the material from which they are made. After all, steel, cast iron, copper, aluminum have their own heat transfer rate, and this also must be taken into account when making calculations.
As mentioned above, this parameter can be found in the product passport.
For example:
- The cast iron radiator has a heat output of 145 W.
- Aluminum – 190 W.
- Bimetallic – 185 W.
From this list we can conclude that the number of aluminum sections will be used less than, say, cast iron. And more than bimetallic ones. And this is with all the other parameters mentioned above being the same.
Calculation by room area
The same formula is used here - N=Sx100/P, with one caveat: ceiling height should not exceed 2.6 m.
We use the parameters that were taken into account in the example with cast iron battery, but we will make some changes regarding the number of windows.
- To simplify the example, let’s take just one window: 22x100/145=15.17
You can round down to 15 sections, but keep in mind that the missing section can reduce the temperature by a couple of degrees, which will lead to an overall decrease in the comfort of being in the room.
Calculation by room volume
In this case the main indicator is thermal energy , equal to 41 W per 1 m³. This is also a standard value. True, in rooms with double-glazed windows, a value equal to 34 W is used.
- 22x2.6x41/145=16.17 – round up, resulting in 16 sections.
Pay attention to one very subtle nuance.
Manufacturers, when indicating the heat transfer value in the product data sheet, take it into account according to the maximum parameter. In other words, they believe that the temperature hot water in the system will be maximum. In life this is not always true. Therefore, we strongly recommend rounding the final result up.
And if the power of the section is determined by the manufacturer in a certain range (a fork is installed between two indicators), then choose a lower indicator for calculations.
Calculation by eye
Heat loss in an apartment building
This option is suitable for those who know absolutely nothing about mathematical calculations. Divide the area of the room by the standard indicator - 1 section per 1.8 m².
- 22/1.8=12.22 – round up, resulting in 13 sections.
Keep in mind: the ceiling height should not exceed 2.7 m. If the ceiling is higher, you will have to calculate using a more complex formula.
As you can see, count required amount sections for the room can be done in different ways. If you want to get an accurate result, use the calculation according to SNiP. If you can’t decide on additional coefficients, choose any other simplified option.
When designing a new home or replacing an old heating system, you need to know the required number of batteries for each room. Measurements by eye are ineffective. An accurate calculation of the number of heating radiators per area is necessary, otherwise the room will either be very cold if there are not enough heat sources, or, conversely, too hot if there are too many of them, which will lead to unwanted regular waste of resources.
To calculate the number of radiators per area, different methods are used, the essence of which boils down to one thing - to determine the heat loss of the room at different outdoor temperatures and calculate the required number of batteries to compensate for the heat loss.
Classical technique
Today there are a lot of calculation methods. Elementary diagrams - based on area, ceiling height and region - provide only approximate results. More accurate ones, which take into account all the characteristics of the room (location, presence of a balcony, quality of doors and windows, etc.) and use special coefficients, give a truly optimal result when the room temperature will always be comfortable for a person.
In most cases, before renovation, builders or homeowners use the popular method of calculating a heating radiator by area. It is relevant for rooms with a ceiling height of about 2.5 meters. This is the minimum sanitary standard has been in effect since Soviet times, so the bulk apartment buildings was based on this value.
It is worth considering that before calculating aluminum or cast iron radiators by area, this method does not take into account many correction factors relating to the individual characteristics of the room (wall thickness, glazing, etc.).
The calculation of a heating battery by area is carried out based on a constant, which determines that 100 W of thermal energy is required to heat 1 m2 in a room.
Example for a room of 20 sq.m:
|
20 m 2 x 100 W = 2000 W |
Design thermal required power for such a room is about 2000 W.
Each battery consists of several separate sections, assembled into a single module when installed. The selection of a radiator based on the area of the room is carried out based on its output characteristics specified by the manufacturer. Such data is indicated in the passport that comes with the radiator. Before calculating the number of heating radiator sections, it is advisable to know these numbers. All this information is in the technical data sheet, you can also find it out from a consultant when purchasing or on the Internet on the manufacturer’s website.
For example, when the instructions give a value for one section of 180 W, then in order to find out the total number of sections, you will need to divide the total required power by the output value of an individual section:
|
2000W: 180W = 11.11 pieces |
The value given by this calculation of heating radiators must be rounded correctly. This should always be done in a larger direction in order to fully provide warmth to the interior. That is, in the above example, 12 batteries will be installed.
This technique is relevant for apartment buildings, where the coolant temperature is about 700C. You can also use another simplified method. According to the following calculation of heating radiators per area, the constant is a value of 1.8 m 2. It should be heated by one conditional section of medium dimensions.
For a room of 22 sq.m, the calculation will be:
However, this approximate calculation of heating radiators is not allowed when installing modules that have increased heat transfer at the level of 150-200 W from each section.
It is necessary to heat the entire volume of air, so it is more rational to determine required quantity radiators by volume.
Application of correction factors
During a preliminary more rigorous calculation of batteries by area, it will be necessary to make allowances for individual characteristics related to the building, heating system, sections themselves, etc.
In most cases, it is possible to reduce the error by knowing the following information:
- water used as a coolant has lower thermal conductivity than heated steam;
- For corner room it is necessary to increase the number of radiators by 15-20%, depending on its degree and quality of insulation;
- for rooms with ceilings higher than 3 meters, the heating radiator is calculated not by area, but by cubic capacity of the room;
- more windows will produce less warm ones initial conditions, it is advisable to divide the room into sections for installation under each window;
- at different materials radiators with varying degrees of thermal conductivity;
- for colder climate zones it is necessary to make an increased correction factor;
- old wooden frames have worst performance thermal conductivity, the newer the double-glazed windows;
- when the coolant moves from top to bottom, there is a noticeable increase in power up to 20%
Approximate heat loss
- The ventilation used requires increased power.
Why are batteries always placed under the window?
Any radiator, regardless of type, design and material, is based on convection warm air. When the air heats up, it rises, cold air “comes” in its place, which also heats up, rises and again a new portion of cold air. Such constant circulation ensures uniform heating of the entire area of the room, provided correct calculation number of heat sources.
A window in any room is a bridge of cold, which, due to its design and large heat-transferring surface, lets in more cold air than walls and even Entrance door. A heat source installed under the window manages to warm up the cold air coming from the window and it enters the room already warm. If heating elements Do not place it under the window, but in any other place in the room, the cold flow coming from the window will circulate throughout the room. And even the most powerful radiator is not enough to neutralize the cold without notice.
VIDEO: What errors can you encounter when calculating?
Calculation based on room volume
The proposed calculation of a heating radiator by volume is essentially similar to the calculation of radiator sections by room area. However, here the basic value is not the area, but the cubic capacity of the room. You must first obtain the volume of the room. Domestic SNIP standards require 41 W of heat to heat 1 m 3 of space. To find the volume, you need to multiply the height, length and width of the room.
For example, we take a room area of 22 sq.m. with ceilings 3 m high. We get the required volume:
Using the obtained value, we calculate the heating radiators. The total power must be divided by the issued rated value by one section:
|
2706 W: 180 W = 15 pieces |
Each manufacturer often includes slightly overestimated values in the instructions for use, assuming that the heating in most cases operates at the maximum coolant temperature.
If the passport indicates a range of power values, then the smaller of them is taken into account when calculating the number of heating radiators in order to obtain more accurate output values.
Detailed calculations
Conscientious builders or homeowners can use big number correction factors. With their help, it will be possible to approach the calculation process individually in each case, which will ensure comfort in the room without wasting extra calories of heat.
The formula has next view:
|
P=100 (W) x S (m2) x p1 x p2 x p3 x p4 x p5 x p6 x p7 |
- p1 - correction for the presence of double-glazed windows (triple - 0.85, doubled 1, without it 1.27);
- p2 - degree of thermal insulation (new - 0.85, standard 3 bricks - 1.0, weak - 1.27);
- p3 - ratio of window areas to floor (0.1 - 0.8, 0.2 - 0.9, 0.3 - 1.1, 0.4 - 1.2);
- p4 - peak value negative temperatures(from - 11 0 C - 0.7, from - 16 0 C - 0.9, from -21 0 C - 1.1, from - 25 0 C - 1.3)
- p5 - amendment taking into account the number of external walls in the room (1 - 1.1, 2 - 1.2, 3 - 1.3, 4 - 1.4);
- p6 - a type of interior located above the shelf (heated room - 0.8, warm attic room- 0.9, cold attic room - 1.0);
- p7 - vertical value from floor to ceiling (2.50 - 1, 3.0 - 1.05, 3.5 - 1.1, 4.5 - 1.2).
It is easy to roughly calculate how many heat sources will be needed in the room. But to determine this accurately by installing all the cold bridges and correctly taking into account the coefficients is already a task with many unknowns. We told you how to do this correctly, now all that remains is a small matter - instead of approximate indicators, enter your own and calculate.
VIDEO: Calculation of the number of heating radiators per area for individual types
All about steel radiators heating: calculation of power (table), determination taking into account heat loss, percentage increase and calculation by room area, as well as how to choose panel batteries.
The amount of heat you can expect from it depends on how correctly and competently the power of a steel radiator was calculated.
In this case, you need to take into account that the technical parameters of the heating system and the heater match.
Calculation by room area
To maximize the heat transfer of steel radiators, you can use the calculation of their power based on the size of the room.
If we take as an example a room with an area of 15 m2 and ceilings 3 m high, then by calculating its volume (15x3 = 45) and multiplying by the number of required W (according to SNiP - 41 W/m3 for panel houses and 34 W/m3 for brick), it turns out that the power consumption is 1845 W ( panel building) or 1530 W (brick).
After this, it is enough to ensure that the calculation of the power of steel heating radiators (you can check the table provided by the manufacturer) corresponds to the obtained parameters. For example, when purchasing a type 22 heater, you need to give preference to a design that has a height of 500 mm and a length of 900 mm, which has a power of 1851 W.
If you are going to replace old batteries with new ones or rebuild the entire heating system, you should carefully read the requirements of SNiP. This will eliminate possible shortcomings and violations during installation work.
Steel heating radiators: power calculation (table)
Determination of power taking into account heat loss
In addition to indicators related to the material from which it is built apartment house and specified in SNiP, outdoor air temperature parameters can be used in calculations. This method is based on taking into account heat loss in the room.
For each climate zone, a coefficient is determined in accordance with cold temperatures:
- at -10 ° C – 0.7;
- – 15 ° C – 0.9;
- at - 20 ° C – 1.1;
- – 25 ° C – 1.3;
- up to - 30 ° C - 1.5.
The heat transfer of steel heating radiators (table provided by the manufacturer) must be determined taking into account the number of external walls. So if there is only one in the room, then the result obtained when calculating steel heating radiators by area must be multiplied by a factor of 1.1, if there are two or three, then it is equal to 1.2 or 1.3.
For example, if the temperature outside the window is 25 ° C, then when calculating a steel radiator type 22 and the required power of 1845 W (panel house) in a room with 2 external walls, you will get the following result:
- 1845x1.2x1.3 = 2878.2 W. This indicator corresponds panel structures Type 22, 500 mm high and 1400 mm long, with a power of 2880 W.
This is how panel heating radiators are selected (calculation by area taking into account the heat loss coefficient). Such an approach to choosing the power of a panel battery will ensure its most efficient operation.
To make it easier to calculate steel heating radiators by area, the online calculator will do this in a matter of seconds, just enter the necessary parameters into it.
Percentage increase in power
You can take into account heat loss not only through walls, but also through windows.
For example, before choosing a steel heating radiator, the area calculation must be increased by a certain percentage depending on the number of windows in the room:
Taking into account such nuances before installing steel panel batteries allows you to choose the right the desired model. This will save money on its operation with maximum heat transfer.
Therefore, you should not only think about how to select steel heating radiators based on the area of the room, but also take into account its heat loss and even the location of the windows. This integrated approach allows you to take into account all the factors affecting the temperature in an apartment or house.